In past decades,the performance of supercapacitors has been greatly improved by rationalizing the electrode materials at the nanoscale.However,there is still a lack of understanding on how the charges are efficiently ...In past decades,the performance of supercapacitors has been greatly improved by rationalizing the electrode materials at the nanoscale.However,there is still a lack of understanding on how the charges are efficiently stored in the electrodes or transported across the electrolyte/electrode interface.As it is very challenging to investigate the ion-involved physical and chemical processes with single experiment or computation,combining advanced analytic techniques with electrochemical measurements,i.e.,developing in-situ characterizations,have shown considerable prospect for the better understanding of behaviors of ions in electrodes for supercapacitors.Herein,we briefly review several typical in-situ techniques and the mechanisms these techniques reveal in charge storage mechanisms specifically in supercapacitors.Possible strategies for designing better electrode materials are also discussed.展开更多
Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC)has been regarded as one of promising electric generators in portable electronic equipment and electric vehicles because of the high energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emiss...Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC)has been regarded as one of promising electric generators in portable electronic equipment and electric vehicles because of the high energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emissions [1,2].Electro-oxidation of methanol has been studied extensively in terms of its application in DMFC and related theoretical analysis promising anode catalyst [3-5].To date,the most for methanol oxidation is platinum (Pt).However,the development of commercial Pt-based fuel cells has been limited by the toxicity of carbon monoxide,the high cost of Pt and the aggregation of catalyst particles [6-9].Using binary or alloy catalysts is an effective strategy for the removal of CO from the catalyst surface [10-13].Extensive research reveals that ruthenium (Ru)-modified Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs)are efficient binary electro-catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR)[14].The addition of Ru to Pt-based catalysts significantly lowers the overpotential in MOR and enhances the CO-tolerance through the ‘bifunctional mechanism'[11,12,14-18].展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.51322204 and 51772282)。
文摘In past decades,the performance of supercapacitors has been greatly improved by rationalizing the electrode materials at the nanoscale.However,there is still a lack of understanding on how the charges are efficiently stored in the electrodes or transported across the electrolyte/electrode interface.As it is very challenging to investigate the ion-involved physical and chemical processes with single experiment or computation,combining advanced analytic techniques with electrochemical measurements,i.e.,developing in-situ characterizations,have shown considerable prospect for the better understanding of behaviors of ions in electrodes for supercapacitors.Herein,we briefly review several typical in-situ techniques and the mechanisms these techniques reveal in charge storage mechanisms specifically in supercapacitors.Possible strategies for designing better electrode materials are also discussed.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51322204 and 51772282)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program and 2015CB932300)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2060140014 and WK2060140017)
文摘Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC)has been regarded as one of promising electric generators in portable electronic equipment and electric vehicles because of the high energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emissions [1,2].Electro-oxidation of methanol has been studied extensively in terms of its application in DMFC and related theoretical analysis promising anode catalyst [3-5].To date,the most for methanol oxidation is platinum (Pt).However,the development of commercial Pt-based fuel cells has been limited by the toxicity of carbon monoxide,the high cost of Pt and the aggregation of catalyst particles [6-9].Using binary or alloy catalysts is an effective strategy for the removal of CO from the catalyst surface [10-13].Extensive research reveals that ruthenium (Ru)-modified Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs)are efficient binary electro-catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR)[14].The addition of Ru to Pt-based catalysts significantly lowers the overpotential in MOR and enhances the CO-tolerance through the ‘bifunctional mechanism'[11,12,14-18].
