Objectives:The study examined socio-economic status and gender as determinant of dietary practices of senior secondary school students in Edo South Senatorial district for healthy living and sustainability.Methodology...Objectives:The study examined socio-economic status and gender as determinant of dietary practices of senior secondary school students in Edo South Senatorial district for healthy living and sustainability.Methodology:Quasi experimental research design was employed in the study.Three research questions were raised and formulated into hypotheses,tested at 0.05 level of significance.A multistage random sampling technique was used to sample 245 students from two public schools in Oredo local government areas within Edo south senatorial district.Two(2)instruments(questionnaire and achievement test)validated and reliability of 0.64 and 0.84 reliability co-efficient were obtained.The demographic data/SES,dietary practices(DDPSESQ)was used to obtain information on their dietary practices and socio-economic status,while the pictorial nutrition achievement test(PNAT)consisted of the pre-and post-test.The treatment package comprised planned lessons of 40 minutes each for six(6)weeks.The data collected were analyzed using inferential statistics;hypotheses 1 and 2 were tested using the independent t-test while hypothesis 3 was tested using One-Way ANOVA statistics.Findings:The study revealed that there is no significant difference in dietary practices of students of high,medium and low socio-economic status as a result of exposure to pictorial nutrition education.There was no significant difference in dietary practices by gender.The study concluded that socio-economic status does not determine dietary practices of secondary school students for responsible living.展开更多
Introduction: Anthropometric indices are used for assessing the nutrition status of people and societies. The indices determine the growth of the child’s nutrition status, his socioeconomic status and his quality of ...Introduction: Anthropometric indices are used for assessing the nutrition status of people and societies. The indices determine the growth of the child’s nutrition status, his socioeconomic status and his quality of life. This research aims to study the anthropometric indices of elementary school children in the Iranian city of Piranshahr using the Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference in the first six months of 2011. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 1803 students aged between 7 and 11 in Piranshahr were studied. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used. The research setting was an elementary school in Piranshahr. Demographic data were collected through interviews and record in questionnaires. A Secca stadiometer was used to measure the height of each student standing without shoes (accuracy of 0.1 centimeter). The weight was measured using a spring scale with an accuracy of 0.1 kilogram with the least possible clothes on. The weight was divided by the square of height (square meter) to calculate BMI. To determine overweight and obesity, BMI percentiles of Center for Disease Control (CDC) were used. In order to use appropriate tests, the normality and equality of variances were measured by Leven and K-S tests, respectively. Results: The study found that 231 children (12.8%) were at risk of overweight and 96 children (5.3%) were overweight. Conclusion: There was a meaningful difference between boys and girls in terms of nutrition status of BMI, father’s higher education level, shortness, abdominal obesity and family history of obesity, and father’s jobs展开更多
Energy security is a crucial aspect of modern societies,as it directly impacts the availability,accessibility,and reliability of energy sources.The reliance on natural resources and geopolitical factors in shaping ene...Energy security is a crucial aspect of modern societies,as it directly impacts the availability,accessibility,and reliability of energy sources.The reliance on natural resources and geopolitical factors in shaping energy security has gained significant attention in recent years.Natural resources and geopolitical risk are examined in 38 countries at risk of geopolitical conflict between 1990 and 2021 by examining CO_(2) emissions,renewable energy consumption,and foreign direct investment as controlling variables.The long-run analysis conducted in this study focused on slope heterogeneity,Westerlund cointegration,and dynamic panel data estimation.The findings indicated that the energy security index is positively associated with various determinants,including natural resources,geopolitical risk,CO_(2) emissions,and renewable energy consumption.However,foreign direct investment was found to be negatively associated with the energy security index among the selected 38 geopolitical risk countries.The role of natural resources and geopolitical risk in energy security cannot be overlooked.Natural resources provide the raw materials for generating electricity and powering our societies,while geopolitical risks can disrupt energy supply chains and threaten stability.Achieving sustainable energy security requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both aspects of energy provision.Transitioning to renewable energy sources,improving energy efficiency,diversifying energy supplies,promoting international cooperation,and conserving natural resources are essential steps towards a more sustainable and resilient energy future.展开更多
This study uses prefecture-level city statistical data from China from 2000-2022 to measure the supply and demand of livestock manure nitrogen nutrients and calculates farmland livestock carrying capacity using the ni...This study uses prefecture-level city statistical data from China from 2000-2022 to measure the supply and demand of livestock manure nitrogen nutrients and calculates farmland livestock carrying capacity using the nitrogen nutrient balance method.We investigate nitrogen supply and demand and livestock carrying capacity in northeast China by comparing emissions from 2000-2022 over the past several decades.The poultry and livestock industry in northeast China has changed significantly over the past two decades:pigs are now the most bred animal and poultry production has increased dramatically.Regional livestock nitrogen emissions are influenced primarily by the size of the local livestock industry chain.Due to regional differences,each region has unique breeding structures.We also predict the anticipated situation in 2050 using the business-as usual scenario.High-risk livestock carrying capacity areas will be concentrated in the northeast and southeast regions,with significantly increased risk indices,compared with those of 2022,particularly in Shenyang,Fushun,and Tieling.Therefore,promoting farming and breeding,improving livestock manure utilization,and returning manure to nearby farmlands are crucial for meeting agricultural green development goals.展开更多
In this study,we constructed an integrated framework of a farming–breeding–bioenergy system to estimate the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission inventories of various farming and breeding processes in the northeast region o...In this study,we constructed an integrated framework of a farming–breeding–bioenergy system to estimate the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission inventories of various farming and breeding processes in the northeast region of China from 2000 to 2021 based on life cycle assessment.Then,we compared the emission differences between the farming–breeding–bioenergy integrated system and the traditional farming–breeding system in different production segments.Finally,we assessed the environmental impact of the integrated system on agricultural GHG emissions.Results showed that the main sources of GHG emissions in Northeast China include enteric fermentation,fertilizer application,crop energy reduction,crop cultivation,and manure management.Emission hotspots also showed a trend of shifting from south to north and from east to west.In terms of environmental impact intensity,the largest increase in environmental impact intensity values among the farming and breeding systems was recorded in Heilongjiang Province(0.36)and Inner Mongolia(0.13),respectively.In terms of mitigation effects,the farming and breeding systems showed a considerable amount of residual straw and manure that can be fed into bioenergy systems,at 1801.47 and 394.12 Mt,respectively.The farming–breeding–bioenergy integrated system demonstrated mitigating effects on agricultural GHG emissions.展开更多
In the new phase of sustainable development,agriculture is seeking sustainable management of the water-land-energy-economy-environment-food nexus.At present,there are few studies on optimizing crop planting structure ...In the new phase of sustainable development,agriculture is seeking sustainable management of the water-land-energy-economy-environment-food nexus.At present,there are few studies on optimizing crop planting structure and analyzing its spatial layout with consideration of natural and socio-economic factors.Herein,we proposed a framework for addressing this issue.In this framework,the NSGA-II algorithm was used to construct the multi-objective optimization model of crop planting structures with consideration of water and energy consumption,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,economic benefits,as well as food,land,and water security constraints,while the model for planting spatial layout optimization was established with consideration of crop suitability using the MaxEnt model and the improved Hungarian algorithm.This framework was further applied in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China(BSRNC)for analyzing optimized crop planting structures and spatial layouts of three main crops(rice,maize,and soybean)under various scenarios.This study showed that the sown area of rice in the BSRNC decreased by up to 40.73%and 35.30%in the environmental priority scenario and economic-environmental balance scenario,respectively,whereas that of soybean increased by up to 112.44%and 63.31%,respectively.In the economic priority scenario,the sown area of rice increased by up to 93.98%.Expanding the sown area of soybean was effective in reducing GHG emissions.On the contrary,rice production led to greater environmental costs though it provided higher economic returns.Among the three crops,maize exhibited an advantage in balancing environmental and economic benefits.Hegang-Jixi area in the northeast of the BSRNC was identified as the key area with the most intense crop planting transfer among different scenarios.Overall,this framework provides a new methodology for optimizing crop planting structures and spatial layouts with con-sideration of the nexus of various factors.Moreover,the case study demonstrates the applicability and expansion potential of the framework in the fields of sustainable agricultural development and food security assurance.展开更多
This study explores the impact of intergenerational differences on farmers' terrace abandonment in response to increasing intergenerational differentiation among rural households and the practical issue of terrace...This study explores the impact of intergenerational differences on farmers' terrace abandonment in response to increasing intergenerational differentiation among rural households and the practical issue of terrace abandonment. Logit and Tobit models are employed to conduct empirical analysis and it is found that terrace abandonment increases sequentially among the new, middle, and old generations, confirming that intergenerational differences significantly influence whether farmers abandon terraces and the terrace abandonment scale. Village characteristics and government subsidies significantly influence farmers' terrace abandonment. An increase in the number of migrant workers in the village increases terrace abandonment among new and middle generation farmers, whereas an increase in the distance from the village to the county significantly increases terrace abandonment among old generation farmers. An increase in the village's total population significantly reduces terrace abandonment among new generation farmers. An increase in government subsidies significantly reduces terrace abandonment among middle and old generation farmers. The impact of intergenerational differences on terrace abandonment is more pronounced in low-altitude areas. To reduce terrace abandonment, it is necessary to promote terrace transfer, develop characteristic agriculture, improve terrace farming subsidies, and propose targeted strategies for the different generations of farmers.展开更多
AI-driven fintech industries face critical vulnerabilities from volatile rare earth and metallic mineral prices,geopolitical instability,and inflationary pressures.Sovereign inflation-linked bonds serve as incentives ...AI-driven fintech industries face critical vulnerabilities from volatile rare earth and metallic mineral prices,geopolitical instability,and inflationary pressures.Sovereign inflation-linked bonds serve as incentives for investors in technological industries,despite the risks associated with rising costs of goods.By analyzing global data(8 September 2020–9 September 2023)via cross-quantilogram,recursive cross-quantilogram and quantile vector autoregressive approaches,this study reveals how Russia–Ukraine geopolitical risk,sovereign inflation–linked bonds,rare earth and metallic mineral prices disrupt AI-driven fintech outputs.Key findings indicate that rising rare earth prices suppress fintech productivity in long-term growth periods,whereas sovereign inflation-linked bonds mitigate short-term inflationary risk.Geopolitical turmoil disproportionately harms fintech outputs during market downturns,with both mineral price volatility and conflict-driven shocks amplifying systemic instability in fintech outputs and sovereign inflation-linked bonds.These results urge policymakers to secure critical mineral supply chains,promote inflation-hedging financial instruments,and foster international cooperation to buffer AI-driven fintech sectors against geopolitical and resource-driven disruptions.展开更多
Irrational drug use and prescription safety are pressing global concerns.The World Health Organization estimated that over half of all prescriptions worldwide contain errors,leading to substantial harm[1,2].In China,p...Irrational drug use and prescription safety are pressing global concerns.The World Health Organization estimated that over half of all prescriptions worldwide contain errors,leading to substantial harm[1,2].In China,prescription errors occur at a rate of 32%,and improper medication use is reported in over 70%of households[3,4].Vulnerable populations,including children(16.7%)and older adults(30.4%),are particularly affected[5].展开更多
The advent of 6G wireless technology,which offers previously unattainable data rates,very low latency,and compatibility with a wide range of communication devices,promises to transform the networking environment compl...The advent of 6G wireless technology,which offers previously unattainable data rates,very low latency,and compatibility with a wide range of communication devices,promises to transform the networking environment completely.The 6G wireless proposals aim to expand wireless communication’s capabilities well beyond current levels.This technology is expected to revolutionize how we communicate,connect,and use the power of the digital world.However,maintaining secure and efficient data management becomes crucial as 6G networks grow in size and complexity.This study investigates blockchain clustering and artificial intelligence(AI)approaches to ensure a reliable and trustworthy communication in 6G.First,the mechanisms and protocols of blockchain clustering that provide a trusted and effective communication infrastructure for 6G networks are presented.Then,AI techniques for network security in 6G are studied.The integration of AI and blockchain to ensure energy efficiency in 6Gnetworks is addressed.Next,this paper presents howthe 6G’s speed and bandwidth enables AI and the easy management of virtualized systems.Using terahertz connections is sufficient to have virtualized systems move compute environments as well as data.For instance,a computing environment can follow potential security violations while leveraging AI.Such virtual machines can store their findings in blockchains.In 6G scenarios,case studies and real-world applications of AI-powered secure blockchain clustering are given.Moreover,challenges and promising future research opportunities are highlighted.These challenges and opportunities provide insights from the most recent developments and point to areas where AI and blockchain further ensure security and efficiency in 6G networks.展开更多
The specific and cumulative effects of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))components on hypertension remain less defined,notably in susceptible older adults.This national study utilized a representative sample of 220,42...The specific and cumulative effects of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))components on hypertension remain less defined,notably in susceptible older adults.This national study utilized a representative sample of 220,425 older adults in China,to scrutinize their relationship.Residential PM_(2.5)and five chemical components(black carbon(BC),organic matter(OM),sulphate(SO_(4)^(2−)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(−)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)))were estimated by the bilinear interpolation.Associations between PM_(2.5)and five chemical components with hypertension were examined through two-stage logistic regression models,with population attributable fractions(PAFs)determined via counterfactual analysis.Elevated exposure to PM_(2.5)and its components was generally linked to higher hypertension prevalence.With each interquartile range increase,the odds ratio(OR)of hypertension rose by 1.09(95%CI:1.08–1.11)for NO_(3)^(−),1.06(95%CI:1.05–1.08)for NH_(4)^(+),1.06(95%CI:1.05–1.07)for OM,1.05(95%CI:1.04–1.06)for BC,and 1.06(95%CI:1.04–1.07)for SO42-.Notably,the cumulative impact of five PM_(2.5)chemical components(OR:1.13,95%CI:1.12–1.13)was significantly greater than the effect of total PM_(2.5)mass alone(OR:1.04,95%CI:1.03–1.05).Regarding PAFs,NO_(3)^(−)represented the strongest contribution to hypertension,followed by OM,NH_(4)^(+),SO_(4)^(2−),and BC.Furthermore,the effects were accentuated in low socio-economic population.These findings underline that using total PM_(2.5)as a surrogate marker may underestimate the comprehensive impact of its chemical components,underscoring the necessity for targeted interventions to reduce emissions of specific PM_(2.5)chemical constituents.展开更多
Understanding the connotation and principles of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas is the basis and guarantee for establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism of water source res...Understanding the connotation and principles of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas is the basis and guarantee for establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism of water source reserve areas.First,this paper reviews the three stages of ecological compensation research progress.Based on the review,using the theory of externality,the ecological environment system of water source reserve areas is then analyzed.This paper argues that the connotation of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas is a kind of institutional arrangement,which is designed to internalize externalities.Finally,based on the understanding of the connotation of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas,five principles for establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism are proposed,including the principle of fairness and justice,the principle of equivalence of equality and responsibility,the principle of flexibility and effectiveness,the principle of "earmark funds,and implementation by law," and the principle of government compensation supplemented with market compensation.展开更多
To study the characteristics of precipitation in eastern China, an automatic sampler was used to collect rainwater samples from 19 precipitation events at Mangdang Mountain, Nanping City, Fujiang Province, in the spri...To study the characteristics of precipitation in eastern China, an automatic sampler was used to collect rainwater samples from 19 precipitation events at Mangdang Mountain, Nanping City, Fujiang Province, in the spring of 2009. We used ion chromatography to analyze the ionic components and concentrations, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） to analyze dement compositions and contents. The results demonstrated remarkable acidic characteristics： in more than 80% of precipitation events the pH was less than 5.6, with an average of 4.81. Mass concentration results showed SO42- was the main anionic component （36.2% of the total anion mass）, while N/-/4＋ was the main cationic component （47.7% of the total cation mass） and main ion for acidity neutralization in the rainwater. Organic acid content accounted for 30.9% of total anion mass. The main trace metals were Ca, K, and Na. The S042-/N03- ratio was 1.4, indicating that precipitation in this region was influenced by complex air pollution - the product of individual coal-burning combined with vehicle exhaust pollution. Correlation analysis of the chemical composition of the precipitation indicated that acidity in this region was determined by a combination of all acidic and neutralization ions rather than any single ion component. The results also showed that Na＋ and C1- contributions were mainly by seawater; Mg2＋ by seawater and crustal materials; the NH4＋, K~, Ca2＋, NO3- and SO42- by anthropogenic sources; the trace metals were from the Earth＇s crust; and organic acids were potentially from combustion of biomass.展开更多
There are many defects in researches on the relationship of the regional financial development (FD) and economic growth of China, such as simply assuming the causality direction, not highlighting financial institution...There are many defects in researches on the relationship of the regional financial development (FD) and economic growth of China, such as simply assuming the causality direction, not highlighting financial institution, using incomplete financial indicator, etc. This article, taking Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province, China as a case, builds a simple model to study the level of FD from three aspects of financial scale, structure and institution. Three original indicators of PRIVY (private investment/aggregate investment), DEPTH (aggregate loan/GDP) and FDIVG (FDI/GDP) are used to construct the FD economic indicator through Principal Component Analysis approach. Then we use Granger method to analyze the relationship between the FD and the economic growth of Suzhou. Empirical test results show that the FD of Suzhou is the Granger reason of economic growth, while economic growth is not the reason for FD, because the relationship between the FD and the economic growth of Suzhou is just in the ″supply-leading″ period. In terms of Suzhou experiences, the local government should strengthen the protection of private investment, improve the institutional environment, and establish the reasonable financial structure. So we can concluded that FD could play a great role in promoting economic growth at the economy takeoff stage.展开更多
The argument over fiscal decentralization and carbon dioxide emission(CO_(2))reduction has received much attention.However,evidence to back this claim is limited.Economic theory predicts that fiscal decentralization a...The argument over fiscal decentralization and carbon dioxide emission(CO_(2))reduction has received much attention.However,evidence to back this claim is limited.Economic theory predicts that fiscal decentralization affects environmental quality,but the specifics of this relationship are still up for debate.Some scholars noted that fiscal decentralization might lead to a race to the top,whereas others contended that it would result in a race to the bottom.In light of the current debates in environmental and development economics,this study aims to provide insight into how this relationship may function in South Africa from 1960 to 2020.In contrast to the existing research,the present study uses a novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulation approach to assess the positive and negative changes in fiscal decentralization,scale effect,technique effect,technological innovation,foreign direct investment,energy consumption,industrial growth,and trade openness on CO_(2)emissions.The following are the main findings:(i)Fiscal decentralization had a CO_(2)emission reduction impact in the short and long run,highlighting the presence of the race to the top approach.(ii)Economic growth(as represented by the scale effect)eroded ecological integrity.However,its square(as expressed by technique effect)aided in strengthening ecological protection,validating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.(iii)CO_(2)emissions were driven by energy utilization,trade openness,industrial value-added,and foreign direct investment,whereas technological innovation boosted ecological integrity.Findings suggest that further fiscal decentralization should be undertaken through further devolution of power to local entities,particularly regarding environmental policy issues,to maintain South Africa’s ecological sustainability.South Africa should also establish policies to improve environmental sustainability by strengthening a lower layer of government and clarifying responsibilities at the national and local levels to fulfill the energy-saving functions of fiscal expenditures.展开更多
Acute mesenteric ischemia(AMI)is a rare cause of the“acute abdomen”,characterized by impaired blood flow to the intestine.The principle of treatment is restoration of perfusion to ischemic bowel and resection of any...Acute mesenteric ischemia(AMI)is a rare cause of the“acute abdomen”,characterized by impaired blood flow to the intestine.The principle of treatment is restoration of perfusion to ischemic bowel and resection of any necrotic intestine.Surgery and endovascular intervention are two complementary approaches to mesenteric ischemia.Endovascular intervention is not an alternative to the surgical approach,but it has the potential to improve the prognosis of patients with AMI when judiciously combined with a surgical approach.Due to the need for emergent treatment of patients with acute mesenteric ischemia,the treatment strategy needs to be modified for each facility.This review aims to highlight cutting-edge studies and provide reasonable treatment strategies for patients with acute mesenteric ischemia based on available evidence.展开更多
The application of technology in health care, in the form of electronic health records (EHR), is the most important and necessary issue in order to improve the quality of health care, and studies have shown that, not ...The application of technology in health care, in the form of electronic health records (EHR), is the most important and necessary issue in order to improve the quality of health care, and studies have shown that, not only is it a way to integrate information and represent the condition of patients, and a dynamic source for health care, however it leads to gain access to clinical information and records, electronic communications, comprehensive training and management, and ultimately enhancing the public health;the aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the implementation of EHR, which are known as barriers and facilitators. The research is conducted in the form of a review research, and with the help of the Keywords of EHR;barriers and facilitators, articles, from 2008 to 2013, were searched and studied in the Internet-databases. The results of the studies show that the most effective factors include: efficiency, motivation, management, and the participation of end users. Factors such as technical aspects ease of use, available resources, and human resources, have limited effects. And security and privacy, the expected output, lack of time, and workload have relative effects, and also the relation between the patient and clinical staff, has no effects in the process of implementing EHR.展开更多
Unlike prior research that shows climate policy improves enterprise value,this study reveals the negative im‐pact of emission trading schemes(ETSs)on enterprise value under China’s unique institutional backdrop and ...Unlike prior research that shows climate policy improves enterprise value,this study reveals the negative im‐pact of emission trading schemes(ETSs)on enterprise value under China’s unique institutional backdrop and identifies the mechanism through which this impact occurs.Data from a sample of 1267 listed companies in the Chinese stock market from 2005 to 2018 models are analyzed using difference-in-differences(DID)and propensity score matching methods(PSM).The results suggest that ETSs have an average short-term negative impact on enterprise value,which peaks in the second year of the ETS and diminishes from the fourth year.Further analysis reveals that ETSs did not cause significant operating losses for firms but reduced their value through the market response mechanism.ETS enterprises experienced significant declines in their annual stock transaction amounts and in returns on individual shares.This indicates that investors expect ETSs to ad‐versely affect pilot enterprises and accordingly adopt disinvestment strategies.Despite the short-term negative effect,ETSs effectively encourage enterprises to innovate green technologies to mitigate long-term carbon risk.展开更多
Patient satisfaction with hospital services is one of the most important indicators of effectiveness and quality of hospital services. Patient satisfaction surveys can provide valuable data for evaluating the current ...Patient satisfaction with hospital services is one of the most important indicators of effectiveness and quality of hospital services. Patient satisfaction surveys can provide valuable data for evaluating the current status, awareness of quality and quantity of process improvement programs and quality improvement to health managers and policy makers. The present study discusses previous studies conducted in this area, and presents recommendations to improve patient satisfaction. The method of this study is review. Selected papers were identified by searching keyword in Persian and English in different databases and after applying the inclusion criteria, 19 studies were extracted and analyzed. 23,793 patients in 12 studies entered into this research were investigated. Generally, satisfaction of the patients in this study was estimated at an average level. Continuous evaluation of patient satisfaction and identification of the factors affecting it requires establishment of comprehensive and accurate data system in this area;that by application of the results of previous studies steps can be taken to improve patient satisfaction. Patients’ satisfaction in Iran, compared with other countries, is desirable. In addition, the overall satisfaction of patients in recent years has increased compared to previous years and the reason can be measures like different ways of improving the quality, customer orientation, and applying the results of research conducted in this area.展开更多
文摘Objectives:The study examined socio-economic status and gender as determinant of dietary practices of senior secondary school students in Edo South Senatorial district for healthy living and sustainability.Methodology:Quasi experimental research design was employed in the study.Three research questions were raised and formulated into hypotheses,tested at 0.05 level of significance.A multistage random sampling technique was used to sample 245 students from two public schools in Oredo local government areas within Edo south senatorial district.Two(2)instruments(questionnaire and achievement test)validated and reliability of 0.64 and 0.84 reliability co-efficient were obtained.The demographic data/SES,dietary practices(DDPSESQ)was used to obtain information on their dietary practices and socio-economic status,while the pictorial nutrition achievement test(PNAT)consisted of the pre-and post-test.The treatment package comprised planned lessons of 40 minutes each for six(6)weeks.The data collected were analyzed using inferential statistics;hypotheses 1 and 2 were tested using the independent t-test while hypothesis 3 was tested using One-Way ANOVA statistics.Findings:The study revealed that there is no significant difference in dietary practices of students of high,medium and low socio-economic status as a result of exposure to pictorial nutrition education.There was no significant difference in dietary practices by gender.The study concluded that socio-economic status does not determine dietary practices of secondary school students for responsible living.
文摘Introduction: Anthropometric indices are used for assessing the nutrition status of people and societies. The indices determine the growth of the child’s nutrition status, his socioeconomic status and his quality of life. This research aims to study the anthropometric indices of elementary school children in the Iranian city of Piranshahr using the Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference in the first six months of 2011. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 1803 students aged between 7 and 11 in Piranshahr were studied. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used. The research setting was an elementary school in Piranshahr. Demographic data were collected through interviews and record in questionnaires. A Secca stadiometer was used to measure the height of each student standing without shoes (accuracy of 0.1 centimeter). The weight was measured using a spring scale with an accuracy of 0.1 kilogram with the least possible clothes on. The weight was divided by the square of height (square meter) to calculate BMI. To determine overweight and obesity, BMI percentiles of Center for Disease Control (CDC) were used. In order to use appropriate tests, the normality and equality of variances were measured by Leven and K-S tests, respectively. Results: The study found that 231 children (12.8%) were at risk of overweight and 96 children (5.3%) were overweight. Conclusion: There was a meaningful difference between boys and girls in terms of nutrition status of BMI, father’s higher education level, shortness, abdominal obesity and family history of obesity, and father’s jobs
基金funded by a grant from the Interdisciplinary Research Institute in New Finance and Economics,Hubei University of Economics(No.JXZD202403).
文摘Energy security is a crucial aspect of modern societies,as it directly impacts the availability,accessibility,and reliability of energy sources.The reliance on natural resources and geopolitical factors in shaping energy security has gained significant attention in recent years.Natural resources and geopolitical risk are examined in 38 countries at risk of geopolitical conflict between 1990 and 2021 by examining CO_(2) emissions,renewable energy consumption,and foreign direct investment as controlling variables.The long-run analysis conducted in this study focused on slope heterogeneity,Westerlund cointegration,and dynamic panel data estimation.The findings indicated that the energy security index is positively associated with various determinants,including natural resources,geopolitical risk,CO_(2) emissions,and renewable energy consumption.However,foreign direct investment was found to be negatively associated with the energy security index among the selected 38 geopolitical risk countries.The role of natural resources and geopolitical risk in energy security cannot be overlooked.Natural resources provide the raw materials for generating electricity and powering our societies,while geopolitical risks can disrupt energy supply chains and threaten stability.Achieving sustainable energy security requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both aspects of energy provision.Transitioning to renewable energy sources,improving energy efficiency,diversifying energy supplies,promoting international cooperation,and conserving natural resources are essential steps towards a more sustainable and resilient energy future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Youth Project“Research on the Environmental-economic Synergistic Mechanism and Promotion Strategy of Farming and Breeding Circular Pattern in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China”[Grant No.72303087].
文摘This study uses prefecture-level city statistical data from China from 2000-2022 to measure the supply and demand of livestock manure nitrogen nutrients and calculates farmland livestock carrying capacity using the nitrogen nutrient balance method.We investigate nitrogen supply and demand and livestock carrying capacity in northeast China by comparing emissions from 2000-2022 over the past several decades.The poultry and livestock industry in northeast China has changed significantly over the past two decades:pigs are now the most bred animal and poultry production has increased dramatically.Regional livestock nitrogen emissions are influenced primarily by the size of the local livestock industry chain.Due to regional differences,each region has unique breeding structures.We also predict the anticipated situation in 2050 using the business-as usual scenario.High-risk livestock carrying capacity areas will be concentrated in the northeast and southeast regions,with significantly increased risk indices,compared with those of 2022,particularly in Shenyang,Fushun,and Tieling.Therefore,promoting farming and breeding,improving livestock manure utilization,and returning manure to nearby farmlands are crucial for meeting agricultural green development goals.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Youth Project“Research on the Environmental Economic Synergistic Mechanism and Promotion Strategy of Planting and Breeding Circular Pattern in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China”[Grant No.72303087].
文摘In this study,we constructed an integrated framework of a farming–breeding–bioenergy system to estimate the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission inventories of various farming and breeding processes in the northeast region of China from 2000 to 2021 based on life cycle assessment.Then,we compared the emission differences between the farming–breeding–bioenergy integrated system and the traditional farming–breeding system in different production segments.Finally,we assessed the environmental impact of the integrated system on agricultural GHG emissions.Results showed that the main sources of GHG emissions in Northeast China include enteric fermentation,fertilizer application,crop energy reduction,crop cultivation,and manure management.Emission hotspots also showed a trend of shifting from south to north and from east to west.In terms of environmental impact intensity,the largest increase in environmental impact intensity values among the farming and breeding systems was recorded in Heilongjiang Province(0.36)and Inner Mongolia(0.13),respectively.In terms of mitigation effects,the farming and breeding systems showed a considerable amount of residual straw and manure that can be fed into bioenergy systems,at 1801.47 and 394.12 Mt,respectively.The farming–breeding–bioenergy integrated system demonstrated mitigating effects on agricultural GHG emissions.
基金funded by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72221002)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28060200)National Natural Science Foundation of Youth Project(Grant No.72303087).
文摘In the new phase of sustainable development,agriculture is seeking sustainable management of the water-land-energy-economy-environment-food nexus.At present,there are few studies on optimizing crop planting structure and analyzing its spatial layout with consideration of natural and socio-economic factors.Herein,we proposed a framework for addressing this issue.In this framework,the NSGA-II algorithm was used to construct the multi-objective optimization model of crop planting structures with consideration of water and energy consumption,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,economic benefits,as well as food,land,and water security constraints,while the model for planting spatial layout optimization was established with consideration of crop suitability using the MaxEnt model and the improved Hungarian algorithm.This framework was further applied in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China(BSRNC)for analyzing optimized crop planting structures and spatial layouts of three main crops(rice,maize,and soybean)under various scenarios.This study showed that the sown area of rice in the BSRNC decreased by up to 40.73%and 35.30%in the environmental priority scenario and economic-environmental balance scenario,respectively,whereas that of soybean increased by up to 112.44%and 63.31%,respectively.In the economic priority scenario,the sown area of rice increased by up to 93.98%.Expanding the sown area of soybean was effective in reducing GHG emissions.On the contrary,rice production led to greater environmental costs though it provided higher economic returns.Among the three crops,maize exhibited an advantage in balancing environmental and economic benefits.Hegang-Jixi area in the northeast of the BSRNC was identified as the key area with the most intense crop planting transfer among different scenarios.Overall,this framework provides a new methodology for optimizing crop planting structures and spatial layouts with con-sideration of the nexus of various factors.Moreover,the case study demonstrates the applicability and expansion potential of the framework in the fields of sustainable agricultural development and food security assurance.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41930757National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42371285。
文摘This study explores the impact of intergenerational differences on farmers' terrace abandonment in response to increasing intergenerational differentiation among rural households and the practical issue of terrace abandonment. Logit and Tobit models are employed to conduct empirical analysis and it is found that terrace abandonment increases sequentially among the new, middle, and old generations, confirming that intergenerational differences significantly influence whether farmers abandon terraces and the terrace abandonment scale. Village characteristics and government subsidies significantly influence farmers' terrace abandonment. An increase in the number of migrant workers in the village increases terrace abandonment among new and middle generation farmers, whereas an increase in the distance from the village to the county significantly increases terrace abandonment among old generation farmers. An increase in the village's total population significantly reduces terrace abandonment among new generation farmers. An increase in government subsidies significantly reduces terrace abandonment among middle and old generation farmers. The impact of intergenerational differences on terrace abandonment is more pronounced in low-altitude areas. To reduce terrace abandonment, it is necessary to promote terrace transfer, develop characteristic agriculture, improve terrace farming subsidies, and propose targeted strategies for the different generations of farmers.
基金supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation(RSF Code:23-18-01065).
文摘AI-driven fintech industries face critical vulnerabilities from volatile rare earth and metallic mineral prices,geopolitical instability,and inflationary pressures.Sovereign inflation-linked bonds serve as incentives for investors in technological industries,despite the risks associated with rising costs of goods.By analyzing global data(8 September 2020–9 September 2023)via cross-quantilogram,recursive cross-quantilogram and quantile vector autoregressive approaches,this study reveals how Russia–Ukraine geopolitical risk,sovereign inflation–linked bonds,rare earth and metallic mineral prices disrupt AI-driven fintech outputs.Key findings indicate that rising rare earth prices suppress fintech productivity in long-term growth periods,whereas sovereign inflation-linked bonds mitigate short-term inflationary risk.Geopolitical turmoil disproportionately harms fintech outputs during market downturns,with both mineral price volatility and conflict-driven shocks amplifying systemic instability in fintech outputs and sovereign inflation-linked bonds.These results urge policymakers to secure critical mineral supply chains,promote inflation-hedging financial instruments,and foster international cooperation to buffer AI-driven fintech sectors against geopolitical and resource-driven disruptions.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China under the“New Generation Artificial Intelligence”Major Project of Science and Technology Innovation 2030(2020AAA0105002).
文摘Irrational drug use and prescription safety are pressing global concerns.The World Health Organization estimated that over half of all prescriptions worldwide contain errors,leading to substantial harm[1,2].In China,prescription errors occur at a rate of 32%,and improper medication use is reported in over 70%of households[3,4].Vulnerable populations,including children(16.7%)and older adults(30.4%),are particularly affected[5].
文摘The advent of 6G wireless technology,which offers previously unattainable data rates,very low latency,and compatibility with a wide range of communication devices,promises to transform the networking environment completely.The 6G wireless proposals aim to expand wireless communication’s capabilities well beyond current levels.This technology is expected to revolutionize how we communicate,connect,and use the power of the digital world.However,maintaining secure and efficient data management becomes crucial as 6G networks grow in size and complexity.This study investigates blockchain clustering and artificial intelligence(AI)approaches to ensure a reliable and trustworthy communication in 6G.First,the mechanisms and protocols of blockchain clustering that provide a trusted and effective communication infrastructure for 6G networks are presented.Then,AI techniques for network security in 6G are studied.The integration of AI and blockchain to ensure energy efficiency in 6Gnetworks is addressed.Next,this paper presents howthe 6G’s speed and bandwidth enables AI and the easy management of virtualized systems.Using terahertz connections is sufficient to have virtualized systems move compute environments as well as data.For instance,a computing environment can follow potential security violations while leveraging AI.Such virtual machines can store their findings in blockchains.In 6G scenarios,case studies and real-world applications of AI-powered secure blockchain clustering are given.Moreover,challenges and promising future research opportunities are highlighted.These challenges and opportunities provide insights from the most recent developments and point to areas where AI and blockchain further ensure security and efficiency in 6G networks.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3600800)the non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2023-RC330–01)+1 种基金the Special Research Fund for Central Universities,Peking Union Medical College(No.3332023087)the Population and Aging Health Science Program(No.WH10022023035).
文摘The specific and cumulative effects of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))components on hypertension remain less defined,notably in susceptible older adults.This national study utilized a representative sample of 220,425 older adults in China,to scrutinize their relationship.Residential PM_(2.5)and five chemical components(black carbon(BC),organic matter(OM),sulphate(SO_(4)^(2−)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(−)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)))were estimated by the bilinear interpolation.Associations between PM_(2.5)and five chemical components with hypertension were examined through two-stage logistic regression models,with population attributable fractions(PAFs)determined via counterfactual analysis.Elevated exposure to PM_(2.5)and its components was generally linked to higher hypertension prevalence.With each interquartile range increase,the odds ratio(OR)of hypertension rose by 1.09(95%CI:1.08–1.11)for NO_(3)^(−),1.06(95%CI:1.05–1.08)for NH_(4)^(+),1.06(95%CI:1.05–1.07)for OM,1.05(95%CI:1.04–1.06)for BC,and 1.06(95%CI:1.04–1.07)for SO42-.Notably,the cumulative impact of five PM_(2.5)chemical components(OR:1.13,95%CI:1.12–1.13)was significantly greater than the effect of total PM_(2.5)mass alone(OR:1.04,95%CI:1.03–1.05).Regarding PAFs,NO_(3)^(−)represented the strongest contribution to hypertension,followed by OM,NH_(4)^(+),SO_(4)^(2−),and BC.Furthermore,the effects were accentuated in low socio-economic population.These findings underline that using total PM_(2.5)as a surrogate marker may underestimate the comprehensive impact of its chemical components,underscoring the necessity for targeted interventions to reduce emissions of specific PM_(2.5)chemical constituents.
基金supported by National Social Science Fund "Study on the construction of ecological compensation system and the related policies of the water source protection zone"[Grant Number 14BJY027]Project of Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education "Calculation and compensation method of ecological compensation in River Basin"[Grant Number 13YJA790025]
文摘Understanding the connotation and principles of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas is the basis and guarantee for establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism of water source reserve areas.First,this paper reviews the three stages of ecological compensation research progress.Based on the review,using the theory of externality,the ecological environment system of water source reserve areas is then analyzed.This paper argues that the connotation of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas is a kind of institutional arrangement,which is designed to internalize externalities.Finally,based on the understanding of the connotation of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas,five principles for establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism are proposed,including the principle of fairness and justice,the principle of equivalence of equality and responsibility,the principle of flexibility and effectiveness,the principle of "earmark funds,and implementation by law," and the principle of government compensation supplemented with market compensation.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2005CB422204)
文摘To study the characteristics of precipitation in eastern China, an automatic sampler was used to collect rainwater samples from 19 precipitation events at Mangdang Mountain, Nanping City, Fujiang Province, in the spring of 2009. We used ion chromatography to analyze the ionic components and concentrations, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） to analyze dement compositions and contents. The results demonstrated remarkable acidic characteristics： in more than 80% of precipitation events the pH was less than 5.6, with an average of 4.81. Mass concentration results showed SO42- was the main anionic component （36.2% of the total anion mass）, while N/-/4＋ was the main cationic component （47.7% of the total cation mass） and main ion for acidity neutralization in the rainwater. Organic acid content accounted for 30.9% of total anion mass. The main trace metals were Ca, K, and Na. The S042-/N03- ratio was 1.4, indicating that precipitation in this region was influenced by complex air pollution - the product of individual coal-burning combined with vehicle exhaust pollution. Correlation analysis of the chemical composition of the precipitation indicated that acidity in this region was determined by a combination of all acidic and neutralization ions rather than any single ion component. The results also showed that Na＋ and C1- contributions were mainly by seawater; Mg2＋ by seawater and crustal materials; the NH4＋, K~, Ca2＋, NO3- and SO42- by anthropogenic sources; the trace metals were from the Earth＇s crust; and organic acids were potentially from combustion of biomass.
基金Under the auspices of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20070420271, 20018801012)
文摘There are many defects in researches on the relationship of the regional financial development (FD) and economic growth of China, such as simply assuming the causality direction, not highlighting financial institution, using incomplete financial indicator, etc. This article, taking Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province, China as a case, builds a simple model to study the level of FD from three aspects of financial scale, structure and institution. Three original indicators of PRIVY (private investment/aggregate investment), DEPTH (aggregate loan/GDP) and FDIVG (FDI/GDP) are used to construct the FD economic indicator through Principal Component Analysis approach. Then we use Granger method to analyze the relationship between the FD and the economic growth of Suzhou. Empirical test results show that the FD of Suzhou is the Granger reason of economic growth, while economic growth is not the reason for FD, because the relationship between the FD and the economic growth of Suzhou is just in the ″supply-leading″ period. In terms of Suzhou experiences, the local government should strengthen the protection of private investment, improve the institutional environment, and establish the reasonable financial structure. So we can concluded that FD could play a great role in promoting economic growth at the economy takeoff stage.
文摘The argument over fiscal decentralization and carbon dioxide emission(CO_(2))reduction has received much attention.However,evidence to back this claim is limited.Economic theory predicts that fiscal decentralization affects environmental quality,but the specifics of this relationship are still up for debate.Some scholars noted that fiscal decentralization might lead to a race to the top,whereas others contended that it would result in a race to the bottom.In light of the current debates in environmental and development economics,this study aims to provide insight into how this relationship may function in South Africa from 1960 to 2020.In contrast to the existing research,the present study uses a novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulation approach to assess the positive and negative changes in fiscal decentralization,scale effect,technique effect,technological innovation,foreign direct investment,energy consumption,industrial growth,and trade openness on CO_(2)emissions.The following are the main findings:(i)Fiscal decentralization had a CO_(2)emission reduction impact in the short and long run,highlighting the presence of the race to the top approach.(ii)Economic growth(as represented by the scale effect)eroded ecological integrity.However,its square(as expressed by technique effect)aided in strengthening ecological protection,validating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.(iii)CO_(2)emissions were driven by energy utilization,trade openness,industrial value-added,and foreign direct investment,whereas technological innovation boosted ecological integrity.Findings suggest that further fiscal decentralization should be undertaken through further devolution of power to local entities,particularly regarding environmental policy issues,to maintain South Africa’s ecological sustainability.South Africa should also establish policies to improve environmental sustainability by strengthening a lower layer of government and clarifying responsibilities at the national and local levels to fulfill the energy-saving functions of fiscal expenditures.
文摘Acute mesenteric ischemia(AMI)is a rare cause of the“acute abdomen”,characterized by impaired blood flow to the intestine.The principle of treatment is restoration of perfusion to ischemic bowel and resection of any necrotic intestine.Surgery and endovascular intervention are two complementary approaches to mesenteric ischemia.Endovascular intervention is not an alternative to the surgical approach,but it has the potential to improve the prognosis of patients with AMI when judiciously combined with a surgical approach.Due to the need for emergent treatment of patients with acute mesenteric ischemia,the treatment strategy needs to be modified for each facility.This review aims to highlight cutting-edge studies and provide reasonable treatment strategies for patients with acute mesenteric ischemia based on available evidence.
文摘The application of technology in health care, in the form of electronic health records (EHR), is the most important and necessary issue in order to improve the quality of health care, and studies have shown that, not only is it a way to integrate information and represent the condition of patients, and a dynamic source for health care, however it leads to gain access to clinical information and records, electronic communications, comprehensive training and management, and ultimately enhancing the public health;the aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the implementation of EHR, which are known as barriers and facilitators. The research is conducted in the form of a review research, and with the help of the Keywords of EHR;barriers and facilitators, articles, from 2008 to 2013, were searched and studied in the Internet-databases. The results of the studies show that the most effective factors include: efficiency, motivation, management, and the participation of end users. Factors such as technical aspects ease of use, available resources, and human resources, have limited effects. And security and privacy, the expected output, lack of time, and workload have relative effects, and also the relation between the patient and clinical staff, has no effects in the process of implementing EHR.
文摘Unlike prior research that shows climate policy improves enterprise value,this study reveals the negative im‐pact of emission trading schemes(ETSs)on enterprise value under China’s unique institutional backdrop and identifies the mechanism through which this impact occurs.Data from a sample of 1267 listed companies in the Chinese stock market from 2005 to 2018 models are analyzed using difference-in-differences(DID)and propensity score matching methods(PSM).The results suggest that ETSs have an average short-term negative impact on enterprise value,which peaks in the second year of the ETS and diminishes from the fourth year.Further analysis reveals that ETSs did not cause significant operating losses for firms but reduced their value through the market response mechanism.ETS enterprises experienced significant declines in their annual stock transaction amounts and in returns on individual shares.This indicates that investors expect ETSs to ad‐versely affect pilot enterprises and accordingly adopt disinvestment strategies.Despite the short-term negative effect,ETSs effectively encourage enterprises to innovate green technologies to mitigate long-term carbon risk.
文摘Patient satisfaction with hospital services is one of the most important indicators of effectiveness and quality of hospital services. Patient satisfaction surveys can provide valuable data for evaluating the current status, awareness of quality and quantity of process improvement programs and quality improvement to health managers and policy makers. The present study discusses previous studies conducted in this area, and presents recommendations to improve patient satisfaction. The method of this study is review. Selected papers were identified by searching keyword in Persian and English in different databases and after applying the inclusion criteria, 19 studies were extracted and analyzed. 23,793 patients in 12 studies entered into this research were investigated. Generally, satisfaction of the patients in this study was estimated at an average level. Continuous evaluation of patient satisfaction and identification of the factors affecting it requires establishment of comprehensive and accurate data system in this area;that by application of the results of previous studies steps can be taken to improve patient satisfaction. Patients’ satisfaction in Iran, compared with other countries, is desirable. In addition, the overall satisfaction of patients in recent years has increased compared to previous years and the reason can be measures like different ways of improving the quality, customer orientation, and applying the results of research conducted in this area.
