Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex,progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide.It is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta(Aβ)plaques and intracellul...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex,progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide.It is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles,leading to synaptic dysfunction,neuronal loss,and cognitive decline.These pathological changes can begin decades before clinical symptoms emerge,highlighting the critical need for early,accessible,and accurate diagnostic tools.展开更多
Alpha-synuclein and Parkinson's disease:Neuronal damage and inflammation caused by the aggregation of alpha-synuclein(α-syn)are central to a group of disorders known as synucleopathies,which includes Parkinson...Alpha-synuclein and Parkinson's disease:Neuronal damage and inflammation caused by the aggregation of alpha-synuclein(α-syn)are central to a group of disorders known as synucleopathies,which includes Parkinson's disease(PD),dementia with Lewy bodies,and multiple system atrophy,among others.PD,the most common synucleinopathy,is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease,and it is the fastest growing.Its primary hallmark is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta,disrupting the communication with the striatum.展开更多
Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)seeds,often discarded as by-products during date fruit processing,represent approximately 6-20%of the fruit’s mass depending on cultivar and maturity stage.Although traditionally used...Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)seeds,often discarded as by-products during date fruit processing,represent approximately 6-20%of the fruit’s mass depending on cultivar and maturity stage.Although traditionally used for producing activated charcoal and in environmental remediation,their pharmacological potential remains underexplored.This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition,biological activity,and potential commercial value of seeds from four widely consumed Saharan cultivars(Assiane,Boufegouss,Aziza,and Majhoul)collected in the Figuig region.Soxhlet extraction was employed to obtain seed extracts,which were subsequently characterized by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening.The analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids,alkaloids,and other secondary metabolites.The Aziza and Boufegouss varieties were particularly rich in flavonoids(82.09-139.61 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g dry matter)and total polyphenols(69.81-1183.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry matter).Mineral profiling confirmed the occurrence of essential trace elements,including Zn,Cu,Fe,and Co.To investigate their antidiabetic potential,in vitro assays ofα-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibition were performed.Acetone extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against both enzymes,suggesting a promising role of P.dactylifera seed extracts as natural agents for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of...The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.展开更多
The research findings on the ground motion and liquefaction potential analyses during the 2018 Great Indonesia Earthquake(M_(w)7.5)are significant and crucial.The earthquake triggered soil-structure damage due to liqu...The research findings on the ground motion and liquefaction potential analyses during the 2018 Great Indonesia Earthquake(M_(w)7.5)are significant and crucial.The earthquake triggered soil-structure damage due to liquefaction.This study,which thoroughly investigated four sites at Palu,was conducted by performing a comprehensive ground motion parameter analysis.The ground motion characteristics were presented and justified,particularly for the most impacted direction.Ground motion predictions were analysed to define the spectral accelerations,and matching spectral accelerations were conducted to produce ground motions for each site.Non-linear seismic ground response analysis based on the hyperbolic model of pressure pressure-dependent was performed to investigate cyclic soil behaviour.The results revealed that ground motion is crucial in significant soil damage,and the earthquake energy could trigger deep liquefaction.As the most significant ground motion,the vertical ground motion is essential in determining deep liquefaction.The discussion on the impact of liquefaction based on the results of the numerical analysis is presented.Significant ground motion with a longer duration could have a substantial impact on deep liquefaction in the study area.These findings depict how the 2018 Indonesia Earthquake(M_(w)7.5)triggered a mega-liquefaction in Palu City.The results could enhance the understanding of the importance of seismic hazard assessment.It is recommended that site investigation and soil improvement should be planned to counteract liquefaction damage before construction.This study also suggests conducting seismic hazard assessments for city development to minimise the potential disaster impact in the study area.展开更多
Maize yield is critically endangered by diseases throughout its growth cycle,posing significant risks to food security.The spatial and temporal dynamics of maize yield loss and the rate of yield loss attributable to t...Maize yield is critically endangered by diseases throughout its growth cycle,posing significant risks to food security.The spatial and temporal dynamics of maize yield loss and the rate of yield loss attributable to these threats on a regional scale have been challenging to ascertain due to scarce continuous observation data.This study compiled county-level data on maize yield and yield loss across China's six primary cropping regions over twenty years from 1999 to 2018.These include the Spring-sown area of Northern China(1-NC),the Summer-sown Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(2-HHP),the Southwest Mountain(3-SM),the Southern Hilly(4-SH),the Northwest Irrigated(5-NI),and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Maize Regions(6-QTP).We identified 15 major diseases affecting these regions.The annual average yield loss due to maize diseases in the regions 1-NC,2-HHP,3-SM,4-SH,5-NI,and 6-QTP were 0.40,0.58,0.12,0.05,0.04 and<0.01 million tons,respectively,and the corresponding average yield loss rate(the ratio of yield loss to total yield)in these regions was 0.63,0.90,0.65,0.63,0.44,and 0.05.The yield loss due to all diseases increased for three regions in 3-SM,4-SH and 5-NI.The yield loss rate due to diseases significantly increased in region 4-SH and 5-NI.Predominantly,maize leaf blight has become the most significant threats.In region 1-NC,maize head smut(D1)and maize leaf blight(D2)were the primary diseases.In region 2-HHP,maize leaf blight(D2),maize rust(D3),maize brown spot(D5),Curvularia leaf spot(D7),and maize virus disease(D14)were the key pathogens.Bivariate trend analysis(joint analysis of yield loss and loss rate trends)indicated that maize head smut(D1)decreased significantly in 1-NC,while in 2-HHP,six diseases showed a significant decrease in both yield loss and loss rate,namely sheath blight(D4),brown spot(D5),root rot(D11),downy mildew(D12)and virus disease(D14).By providing a long-term,national-scale perspective,this study not only supports the development of broad management strategies but also guides the creation of precise,region-specific control protocols to safeguard maize production.展开更多
Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)is highly suitable for forming 18Ni300 mold steel,thanks to its excellent capability in manufacturing complex shapes and outstanding capacity for regulating microstructures.It is widely us...Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)is highly suitable for forming 18Ni300 mold steel,thanks to its excellent capability in manufacturing complex shapes and outstanding capacity for regulating microstructures.It is widely used in fields such as injection molding,die casting,and stamping dies.Adding reinforcing particles into steel is an effective means to improve its performance.Nb/18Ni300 composites were fabricated by LPBF using two kinds of Nb powders with different particle sizes,and their microstructures and properties were studied.The results show that the unmelted Nb particles are uniformly distributed in the 18Ni300 matrix and the grains are refined,which is particularly pronounced with fine Nb particles.In addition,element diffusion occurs between the particles and the matrix.The main phases of the base alloy are α-Fe and a small amount of γ-Fe.With the addition of Nb,part of the α-Fe is transformed into γ-Fe,and unmelted Nb phases appear.The addition of Nb also enhances the hardness and wear resistance of the composites but slightly reduces their tensile properties.After aging treatment,the molten pools and grain boundaries become blurred,grains are further refined,and the interfaces around the particles are thinned.The aging treatment also promotes the formation of reverted austenite.The hardness,ultimate tensile strength,and volumetric wear rate of the base alloy reach 51.9 HRC,1704 MPa,and 17.8×10^(-6) mm^(3)/(N·m),respectively.In contrast,the sample added with fine Nb particles has the highest hardness(56.1 HRC),ultimate tensile strength(1892 MPa)and yield strength(1842 MPa),and the volume wear rate of the sample added with coarse Nb particles is reduced by 90%to 1.7×10^(-6) mm^(3)/(N·m).展开更多
Objective:To evaluate and compare coagulation and hematological parameters in hypertensive and normotensive pregnant women.Methods:This present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Departments of Pathology and...Objective:To evaluate and compare coagulation and hematological parameters in hypertensive and normotensive pregnant women.Methods:This present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics&Gynaecology at Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College,Hospital&Research Centre,Pimpri,Pune,India from September 2023 to March 2025.Hematological parameters[platelet count,mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet distribution width(PDW)]were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer,while coagulation parameters[prothrombin time(PT)/international normalised ratio,activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT),and D-dimer]were assessed by standard automated assays.Results were compared between normotensive and hypertensive groups and correlated with disease severity.Results:The study included 212 antenatal females,with 106 normotensive pregnant women and 106 hypertensive women.Hypertensive women include cases of gestational hypertension(n=55);mild preeclampsia(n=39),and severe preeclampsia(n=12).A significant progressive decrease in platelet count and significant increases in MPV,PDW,PT,aPTT,and D-dimer levels were associated with increasing severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension(P<0.001).Women with severe preeclampsia had the lowest mean platelet counts and the highest coagulation parameter values compared to women with gestational hypertension,mild preeclampsia,and normotensive pregnancies.These findings indicate enhanced platelet activation,endothelial dysfunction,and activation of the coagulation–fibrinolytic system with worsening disease severity.Conclusions:Significant hematologic and coagulation abnormalities were present in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension.For better maternal-fetal outcomes and early management,routine monitoring is essential.展开更多
After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the tim...After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions,combined with the limitations of current methods.To address these challenges,various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.Notably,neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration,provide neuroprotection,restore neurons,and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract.To improve the effectiveness of these interventions,the implementation of multitarget early interventional neuromodulation strategies,such as electrical and magnetic stimulation,is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury.This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury,synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection,repair,and regeneration of impaired connections,and advocates for multi-targeted,task-oriented,and timely interventions.展开更多
Despite remarkable advances in nanomedicine,localized delivery of advanced cancer therapeutics remains underexploited.Advanced therapies based on biopharmaceuticals,immunotherapy,or gene therapy have revolutionized on...Despite remarkable advances in nanomedicine,localized delivery of advanced cancer therapeutics remains underexploited.Advanced therapies based on biopharmaceuticals,immunotherapy,or gene therapy have revolutionized oncology.Yet,their systemic administration is often associated with limitations such as poor sitespecific accumulation,instability,and systemic toxicity.Hydrogels/macrogels offer the ability to encapsulate,protect,and release biomolecules in situ with sustained and stimulus-responsive profiles,addressing key translational gaps.This review provides a focused synthesis of the last five years of hydrogel-based research for cancer therapy,with emphasis on peptides,antibodies,immunotherapeutic agents,and gene delivery systems.We discuss design principles,release mechanisms,and clinical translation challenges,highlighting structure-function relationships and comparative performance across therapeutic classes.By integrating mechanistic insights with recent breakthroughs,we outline how next-generation hydrogels can synergize with personalized medicine and combination therapies to redefine localized cancer treatment.This work explores the fundamental aspects and provides examples of hydrogel-based delivery for the advanced treatment of cancer.The review summarizes the dynamic landscape of hydrogel research of the last 5 years,showcasing their potential systems for the precise delivery of biomolecules.Specifically,we explore the multidimensional role of hydrogels in the sustained and localized release of antibodies,immunotherapeutic agents,and genes as next-generation platforms for localized cancer treatment.This review aims to critically evaluate the mechanisms and applications of these systems in order to assess their potential to transform medical interventions and advance patient care.展开更多
Traffic emissions directly impact indoor air quality in near-road buildings.Adjustable wind deflectors on building roofs were previously shown to be effective in mitigating air pollution for ideal city-type environmen...Traffic emissions directly impact indoor air quality in near-road buildings.Adjustable wind deflectors on building roofs were previously shown to be effective in mitigating air pollution for ideal city-type environments.This was based on the hypothesis that wind deflectors promoted higher pollutant removal by reducing the dependence on turbulent fluctuations.However,the question of whether such a deflector system would work in a more complex city-type environment such as an asymmetric street canyon remains unanswered.In addition,the fundamental impact a deflector could impart on flow dynamics within street canyons in the context of pollution removal through differing mechanisms also requires further research.The current study seeks to answer both questions by introducing adjustable wind deflectors for step-up and step-down asymmetric canyons with two traffic flow directions.For the step-down canyon,the deflectors promoted CO reduction in building facades by 73.55%and 34.79%from leeward and windward walls under a Cross Road Pollution(CRP)source.A 16.57%reduction was achieved on side walls under a Side Road Pollution(SRP)source.However,apart from the 13.87%CO reduction across windward walls under the CRP source,the wind deflectors predominantly resulted in detrimental results for step-up canyons.The ratio of pollution exchange rate achieved by mean flow-induced fluxes and total pollution exchange rate(θ),Sherwood number is the ratio of convective and diffusive mass transfer(Sh)and average canyon concentration(C_(canyon))were used as indices to investigate pollution removal mechanisms.Although both Shv/s C_(canyon)andθv/sC C_(canyon)relationships exhibited good inverse correlations when the deflector was positioned at different locations,the Shv/s C_(canyon)showed superior performance in distinguishing the scenarios where a deflector was involved and when not.This implies that the introduction of wind deflectors impacted more in effecting convective fluxes than fluctuations for pollution removal.展开更多
Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewa...Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewable,and clinical demand is increasingly difficult to meet,leading to a proliferation of counterfeit products.During prolonged geological burial,static pressure from the surrounding strata severely compromises the microstructural integrity of osteons in Os Draconis,but Os Draconis still largely retains the structural features of mammalian bone.Methods:Using verified authentic Os Draconis samples over 10,000 years old as a baseline,this study summarizes the ultrastructural characteristics of genuine Os Draconis.Employing electron probe microanalysis and optical polarized light microscopy,we examined 28 batches of authentic Os Draconis and 31 batches of counterfeits to identify their ultrastructural differences.Key points for ultrastructural identification of Os Draconis were compiled,and a new identification approach was proposed based on these differences.Results:Authentic Os Draconis exhibited distinct ultrastructural markers:irregularly shaped osteons with traversing fissures,deformed/displaced Haversian canals,and secondary mineral infill(predominantly calcium carbonate).Counterfeits showed regular osteon arrangements,absent traversal fissures,and homogeneous hydroxyapatite composition.Lab-simulated samples lacked structural degradation features.EPMA confirmed calcium carbonate infill in fossilized Haversian canals,while elemental profiles differentiated lacunae types(void vs.mineral-packed).Conclusion:The study established ultrastructural criteria for authentic Os Draconis identification:osteon deformation,geological fissures penetrating bone units,and heterogenous mineral deposition.These features,unattainable in counterfeits or modern processed bones,provide a cost-effective,accurate identification method.This approach bridges gaps in TCM material standardization and supports quality control for clinical applications.展开更多
Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating ga...Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers.Traditional formulations are less effective due to their limited water solubility and bioavailability.Methods:The study used solubility tests,pseudo-ternary phase diagrams,and central composite design(CCD)to optimize.The formulation was optimized by varying the oil concentration(10–40%)and surfactant/cosurfactant ratio(0.33–3.00),and then tested for droplet size,drug content,emulsification,phase stability,and in vitro dissolution.Results:The study found that the optimized formulation contained 14%Capmul PG 8NF oil,62%Labrasol surfactant,and 24%Tween 80 cosurfactant.This combination generated an average droplet size of 111.02 nm and improved drug release properties.Furthermore,the formulation was stable without phase separation,with a drug content of 88.2–99.8%.Conclusion:SMEDDS significantly improves lafutidine delivery by increasing solubility and absorption,thereby overcoming oral administration challenges.The system quickly formed small droplets in water and released the drug in 15 min.Enhancing lafutidine’s bioavailability may improve its efficacy in treating gastric ulcers,resulting in better patient outcomes and potentially lower dosing frequency.展开更多
Satellite clock bias(SCB)prediction is essential for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of real-time precise point positioning(RT-PPP)in Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS).To address the nonlinearity,non-st...Satellite clock bias(SCB)prediction is essential for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of real-time precise point positioning(RT-PPP)in Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS).To address the nonlinearity,non-stationarity,and short-term interruptions of SCB data under complex environments,this paper proposes an enhanced SCB prediction model combining Temporal Convolutional Networks(TCN)and Transformers.Experimental results indicate that,in a 24-h prediction task,the proposed model reduces root mean square error(RMSE)and range error(RE)by 95.6%,86.0%,and 61.3%,and93.7%,86.3%,and 58.8%,respectively,compared with LSTM,Transformer,and CNN-BiGRU-Attention models,while improving computational efficiency by 48.6%over the Transformer.Moreover,although the clock bias products generated by the proposed method result in slightly higher static PPP positioning errors than the International GNSS Service(IGS)rapid clock products,the error differences are generally at the millimeter level,demonstrating the feasibility of using predicted clock bias products to replace rapid clock products in the short term.This method addresses the PPP positioning issue during short-term network service interruptions from the perspective of time series prediction and provides potential solutions for engineering applications such as landslide,earthquake,and subsidence monitoring.展开更多
Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and s...Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and sustainability of vineyard ecosystems(Cornu et al.,2022).展开更多
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and memory.The activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at...Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and memory.The activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term potentiation.Postsynaptically,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term potentiation.In this review,we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and depression.Treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 isoform.Although TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific functions.Targeting TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.展开更多
With the increasing complexity of malware attack techniques,traditional detection methods face significant challenges,such as privacy preservation,data heterogeneity,and lacking category information.To address these i...With the increasing complexity of malware attack techniques,traditional detection methods face significant challenges,such as privacy preservation,data heterogeneity,and lacking category information.To address these issues,we propose Federated Dynamic Prototype Learning(FedDPL)for malware classification by integrating Federated Learning with a specifically designed K-means.Under the Federated Learning framework,model training occurs locally without data sharing,effectively protecting user data privacy and preventing the leakage of sensitive information.Furthermore,to tackle the challenges of data heterogeneity and the lack of category information,FedDPL introduces a dynamic prototype learning mechanism,which adaptively adjusts the clustering prototypes in terms of position and number.Thus,the dependency on predefined category numbers in typical K-means and its variants can be significantly reduced,resulting in improved clustering performance.Theoretically,it provides a more accurate detection of malicious behavior.Experimental results confirm that FedDPL excels in handling malware classification tasks,demonstrating superior accuracy,robustness,and privacy protection.展开更多
Endochondral ossification is a physiological process involving a sequential formation of cartilage and bone tissues.Classically,cartilage and bone formation have been considered independent processes at cellular level...Endochondral ossification is a physiological process involving a sequential formation of cartilage and bone tissues.Classically,cartilage and bone formation have been considered independent processes at cellular level.However,the recently described multiple cell differentiation dynamics suggest that some bone cells are indeed the progeny of cartilage cells,or chondrocyte-derived osteoblasts.We hypothesized that the cartilage-to-bone phenotype transition is triggered by specific molecular events.First,the process was assessed in mouse bone tissue,and then,it was mimicked using in vivo cell implantation and in vitro serial differentiation protocols.Data indicates that cartilage cells transition to bone cell phenotype during postnatal physiological bone formation.This process can be reproduced using cartilage precursor cells coupled to specific implantation procedures or differentiation protocols.Gene expression profiling reveals that NOTCH,BMP and MAPK signaling pathways are relevant at the phenotype-switch,while the transcription factors Mesp1,Alx1,Grhl3 and Hmx3 are the feasible driver genes for chondrocyte-derived osteoblasts formation.Altogether,this report shows that endochondral ossification can be modeled using primary cell cultures and data indicate that this process is regulated by specific molecular events,previously described at skeleton morphogenesis during embryo development,and from now on also linkable to postnatal bone development and regeneration processes.展开更多
Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contribu...Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contributors to staphylococcal food poisoning(SFP),causing vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,headache,muscle cramps,and other acute gastroenteritis symptoms.More than 25 SEs and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins(SE/s)have been described and which together comprise a superfamily of pyrogenic toxin superantigens(SAgs)[2].展开更多
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex,progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide.It is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles,leading to synaptic dysfunction,neuronal loss,and cognitive decline.These pathological changes can begin decades before clinical symptoms emerge,highlighting the critical need for early,accessible,and accurate diagnostic tools.
基金supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation via a doctoral grant[FPU22/03656].supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(PID2022-137963OB-I00)Generalitat de Catalunya(2021-SGR-00635 AGAUR)+1 种基金CERCA Programme(Generalitat de Catalunya)by ICREA,ICREA-Academia 2020(to SV)。
文摘Alpha-synuclein and Parkinson's disease:Neuronal damage and inflammation caused by the aggregation of alpha-synuclein(α-syn)are central to a group of disorders known as synucleopathies,which includes Parkinson's disease(PD),dementia with Lewy bodies,and multiple system atrophy,among others.PD,the most common synucleinopathy,is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease,and it is the fastest growing.Its primary hallmark is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta,disrupting the communication with the striatum.
文摘Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)seeds,often discarded as by-products during date fruit processing,represent approximately 6-20%of the fruit’s mass depending on cultivar and maturity stage.Although traditionally used for producing activated charcoal and in environmental remediation,their pharmacological potential remains underexplored.This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition,biological activity,and potential commercial value of seeds from four widely consumed Saharan cultivars(Assiane,Boufegouss,Aziza,and Majhoul)collected in the Figuig region.Soxhlet extraction was employed to obtain seed extracts,which were subsequently characterized by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening.The analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids,alkaloids,and other secondary metabolites.The Aziza and Boufegouss varieties were particularly rich in flavonoids(82.09-139.61 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g dry matter)and total polyphenols(69.81-1183.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry matter).Mineral profiling confirmed the occurrence of essential trace elements,including Zn,Cu,Fe,and Co.To investigate their antidiabetic potential,in vitro assays ofα-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibition were performed.Acetone extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against both enzymes,suggesting a promising role of P.dactylifera seed extracts as natural agents for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11804348,11775056,11975154,12225505,and 12405281)the Science Challenge(Project No.TZ2018005)+2 种基金supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program(Grant No.23PJ1414600)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0890203)supported by the Accelerator Technology Helmholtz Infrastructure consortium ATHENA.
文摘The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.
基金The World Class Professor(WCP)Program of the Directorate of Resources,Directorate General of Higher Education,Ministry of Education and Culture in 2023 supports this studythe JAPAN-ASEAN Science and Technology Innovation Platform(JASTIP-WP4)+3 种基金the University of Bengkulu's International Collaboration Research Fund(2183/UN30.15/LT/2019)for partial fundingthe C2F Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship from Chulalongkorn Universitythe Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University(DISF68210001)the National Research Council of Thailand(N42A670572)。
文摘The research findings on the ground motion and liquefaction potential analyses during the 2018 Great Indonesia Earthquake(M_(w)7.5)are significant and crucial.The earthquake triggered soil-structure damage due to liquefaction.This study,which thoroughly investigated four sites at Palu,was conducted by performing a comprehensive ground motion parameter analysis.The ground motion characteristics were presented and justified,particularly for the most impacted direction.Ground motion predictions were analysed to define the spectral accelerations,and matching spectral accelerations were conducted to produce ground motions for each site.Non-linear seismic ground response analysis based on the hyperbolic model of pressure pressure-dependent was performed to investigate cyclic soil behaviour.The results revealed that ground motion is crucial in significant soil damage,and the earthquake energy could trigger deep liquefaction.As the most significant ground motion,the vertical ground motion is essential in determining deep liquefaction.The discussion on the impact of liquefaction based on the results of the numerical analysis is presented.Significant ground motion with a longer duration could have a substantial impact on deep liquefaction in the study area.These findings depict how the 2018 Indonesia Earthquake(M_(w)7.5)triggered a mega-liquefaction in Palu City.The results could enhance the understanding of the importance of seismic hazard assessment.It is recommended that site investigation and soil improvement should be planned to counteract liquefaction damage before construction.This study also suggests conducting seismic hazard assessments for city development to minimise the potential disaster impact in the study area.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2022YFF1301801)Agricultural scientific and technological innovation project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(333 Project)(06202214442066)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(5232018)Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(06202214442062).
文摘Maize yield is critically endangered by diseases throughout its growth cycle,posing significant risks to food security.The spatial and temporal dynamics of maize yield loss and the rate of yield loss attributable to these threats on a regional scale have been challenging to ascertain due to scarce continuous observation data.This study compiled county-level data on maize yield and yield loss across China's six primary cropping regions over twenty years from 1999 to 2018.These include the Spring-sown area of Northern China(1-NC),the Summer-sown Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(2-HHP),the Southwest Mountain(3-SM),the Southern Hilly(4-SH),the Northwest Irrigated(5-NI),and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Maize Regions(6-QTP).We identified 15 major diseases affecting these regions.The annual average yield loss due to maize diseases in the regions 1-NC,2-HHP,3-SM,4-SH,5-NI,and 6-QTP were 0.40,0.58,0.12,0.05,0.04 and<0.01 million tons,respectively,and the corresponding average yield loss rate(the ratio of yield loss to total yield)in these regions was 0.63,0.90,0.65,0.63,0.44,and 0.05.The yield loss due to all diseases increased for three regions in 3-SM,4-SH and 5-NI.The yield loss rate due to diseases significantly increased in region 4-SH and 5-NI.Predominantly,maize leaf blight has become the most significant threats.In region 1-NC,maize head smut(D1)and maize leaf blight(D2)were the primary diseases.In region 2-HHP,maize leaf blight(D2),maize rust(D3),maize brown spot(D5),Curvularia leaf spot(D7),and maize virus disease(D14)were the key pathogens.Bivariate trend analysis(joint analysis of yield loss and loss rate trends)indicated that maize head smut(D1)decreased significantly in 1-NC,while in 2-HHP,six diseases showed a significant decrease in both yield loss and loss rate,namely sheath blight(D4),brown spot(D5),root rot(D11),downy mildew(D12)and virus disease(D14).By providing a long-term,national-scale perspective,this study not only supports the development of broad management strategies but also guides the creation of precise,region-specific control protocols to safeguard maize production.
基金Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2023B0909020004)Project of Innovation Research Team in Zhongshan(CXTD2023006)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515011573)Zhongshan Social Welfare Science and Technology Research Project(2024B2022)。
文摘Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)is highly suitable for forming 18Ni300 mold steel,thanks to its excellent capability in manufacturing complex shapes and outstanding capacity for regulating microstructures.It is widely used in fields such as injection molding,die casting,and stamping dies.Adding reinforcing particles into steel is an effective means to improve its performance.Nb/18Ni300 composites were fabricated by LPBF using two kinds of Nb powders with different particle sizes,and their microstructures and properties were studied.The results show that the unmelted Nb particles are uniformly distributed in the 18Ni300 matrix and the grains are refined,which is particularly pronounced with fine Nb particles.In addition,element diffusion occurs between the particles and the matrix.The main phases of the base alloy are α-Fe and a small amount of γ-Fe.With the addition of Nb,part of the α-Fe is transformed into γ-Fe,and unmelted Nb phases appear.The addition of Nb also enhances the hardness and wear resistance of the composites but slightly reduces their tensile properties.After aging treatment,the molten pools and grain boundaries become blurred,grains are further refined,and the interfaces around the particles are thinned.The aging treatment also promotes the formation of reverted austenite.The hardness,ultimate tensile strength,and volumetric wear rate of the base alloy reach 51.9 HRC,1704 MPa,and 17.8×10^(-6) mm^(3)/(N·m),respectively.In contrast,the sample added with fine Nb particles has the highest hardness(56.1 HRC),ultimate tensile strength(1892 MPa)and yield strength(1842 MPa),and the volume wear rate of the sample added with coarse Nb particles is reduced by 90%to 1.7×10^(-6) mm^(3)/(N·m).
文摘Objective:To evaluate and compare coagulation and hematological parameters in hypertensive and normotensive pregnant women.Methods:This present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics&Gynaecology at Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College,Hospital&Research Centre,Pimpri,Pune,India from September 2023 to March 2025.Hematological parameters[platelet count,mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet distribution width(PDW)]were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer,while coagulation parameters[prothrombin time(PT)/international normalised ratio,activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT),and D-dimer]were assessed by standard automated assays.Results were compared between normotensive and hypertensive groups and correlated with disease severity.Results:The study included 212 antenatal females,with 106 normotensive pregnant women and 106 hypertensive women.Hypertensive women include cases of gestational hypertension(n=55);mild preeclampsia(n=39),and severe preeclampsia(n=12).A significant progressive decrease in platelet count and significant increases in MPV,PDW,PT,aPTT,and D-dimer levels were associated with increasing severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension(P<0.001).Women with severe preeclampsia had the lowest mean platelet counts and the highest coagulation parameter values compared to women with gestational hypertension,mild preeclampsia,and normotensive pregnancies.These findings indicate enhanced platelet activation,endothelial dysfunction,and activation of the coagulation–fibrinolytic system with worsening disease severity.Conclusions:Significant hematologic and coagulation abnormalities were present in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension.For better maternal-fetal outcomes and early management,routine monitoring is essential.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3603705(to DX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82302866(to YZ).
文摘After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions,combined with the limitations of current methods.To address these challenges,various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.Notably,neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration,provide neuroprotection,restore neurons,and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract.To improve the effectiveness of these interventions,the implementation of multitarget early interventional neuromodulation strategies,such as electrical and magnetic stimulation,is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury.This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury,synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection,repair,and regeneration of impaired connections,and advocates for multi-targeted,task-oriented,and timely interventions.
基金supported by the Vall d’Hebron Research Institute(PI23/01345)the Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering,Biomaterials,and Nanomedicine(CIBER-BBN),which is financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)+4 种基金supported by ANID FONDECYT REGULAR(Chile)through project No.1250634,and FOVI230019 granted to Esteban Duran-LaraDiana Rafael was supported by Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions(MSCA-PF ID 101107735),“La Caixa Foundation”(LCF/BQ/PR24/12050008),and ISCIII(PI24/00745)Fernanda Andrade was granted by the Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer(FCAECC Refs.INVES211530DASI and SNRGS247164DASI)“La Caixa Foundation”(HR24-00927).Júlia German-Cortés was granted by the 791 FAECC(PRDBA258393GERM)The authors also thank the denomination of Consolidated group from Generalitat de Catalunya(2021 SGR 01173)granted to the CB-DDT group。
文摘Despite remarkable advances in nanomedicine,localized delivery of advanced cancer therapeutics remains underexploited.Advanced therapies based on biopharmaceuticals,immunotherapy,or gene therapy have revolutionized oncology.Yet,their systemic administration is often associated with limitations such as poor sitespecific accumulation,instability,and systemic toxicity.Hydrogels/macrogels offer the ability to encapsulate,protect,and release biomolecules in situ with sustained and stimulus-responsive profiles,addressing key translational gaps.This review provides a focused synthesis of the last five years of hydrogel-based research for cancer therapy,with emphasis on peptides,antibodies,immunotherapeutic agents,and gene delivery systems.We discuss design principles,release mechanisms,and clinical translation challenges,highlighting structure-function relationships and comparative performance across therapeutic classes.By integrating mechanistic insights with recent breakthroughs,we outline how next-generation hydrogels can synergize with personalized medicine and combination therapies to redefine localized cancer treatment.This work explores the fundamental aspects and provides examples of hydrogel-based delivery for the advanced treatment of cancer.The review summarizes the dynamic landscape of hydrogel research of the last 5 years,showcasing their potential systems for the precise delivery of biomolecules.Specifically,we explore the multidimensional role of hydrogels in the sustained and localized release of antibodies,immunotherapeutic agents,and genes as next-generation platforms for localized cancer treatment.This review aims to critically evaluate the mechanisms and applications of these systems in order to assess their potential to transform medical interventions and advance patient care.
基金funded by the Irish Environmental Protection Agencies EPA Research Programme via grant number 2019-CCRP-PhD.6.
文摘Traffic emissions directly impact indoor air quality in near-road buildings.Adjustable wind deflectors on building roofs were previously shown to be effective in mitigating air pollution for ideal city-type environments.This was based on the hypothesis that wind deflectors promoted higher pollutant removal by reducing the dependence on turbulent fluctuations.However,the question of whether such a deflector system would work in a more complex city-type environment such as an asymmetric street canyon remains unanswered.In addition,the fundamental impact a deflector could impart on flow dynamics within street canyons in the context of pollution removal through differing mechanisms also requires further research.The current study seeks to answer both questions by introducing adjustable wind deflectors for step-up and step-down asymmetric canyons with two traffic flow directions.For the step-down canyon,the deflectors promoted CO reduction in building facades by 73.55%and 34.79%from leeward and windward walls under a Cross Road Pollution(CRP)source.A 16.57%reduction was achieved on side walls under a Side Road Pollution(SRP)source.However,apart from the 13.87%CO reduction across windward walls under the CRP source,the wind deflectors predominantly resulted in detrimental results for step-up canyons.The ratio of pollution exchange rate achieved by mean flow-induced fluxes and total pollution exchange rate(θ),Sherwood number is the ratio of convective and diffusive mass transfer(Sh)and average canyon concentration(C_(canyon))were used as indices to investigate pollution removal mechanisms.Although both Shv/s C_(canyon)andθv/sC C_(canyon)relationships exhibited good inverse correlations when the deflector was positioned at different locations,the Shv/s C_(canyon)showed superior performance in distinguishing the scenarios where a deflector was involved and when not.This implies that the introduction of wind deflectors impacted more in effecting convective fluxes than fluctuations for pollution removal.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A04013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204610)+1 种基金the Qihang Talent Program(L2022046)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ15-YQ-041 and L2021029).
文摘Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewable,and clinical demand is increasingly difficult to meet,leading to a proliferation of counterfeit products.During prolonged geological burial,static pressure from the surrounding strata severely compromises the microstructural integrity of osteons in Os Draconis,but Os Draconis still largely retains the structural features of mammalian bone.Methods:Using verified authentic Os Draconis samples over 10,000 years old as a baseline,this study summarizes the ultrastructural characteristics of genuine Os Draconis.Employing electron probe microanalysis and optical polarized light microscopy,we examined 28 batches of authentic Os Draconis and 31 batches of counterfeits to identify their ultrastructural differences.Key points for ultrastructural identification of Os Draconis were compiled,and a new identification approach was proposed based on these differences.Results:Authentic Os Draconis exhibited distinct ultrastructural markers:irregularly shaped osteons with traversing fissures,deformed/displaced Haversian canals,and secondary mineral infill(predominantly calcium carbonate).Counterfeits showed regular osteon arrangements,absent traversal fissures,and homogeneous hydroxyapatite composition.Lab-simulated samples lacked structural degradation features.EPMA confirmed calcium carbonate infill in fossilized Haversian canals,while elemental profiles differentiated lacunae types(void vs.mineral-packed).Conclusion:The study established ultrastructural criteria for authentic Os Draconis identification:osteon deformation,geological fissures penetrating bone units,and heterogenous mineral deposition.These features,unattainable in counterfeits or modern processed bones,provide a cost-effective,accurate identification method.This approach bridges gaps in TCM material standardization and supports quality control for clinical applications.
文摘Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers.Traditional formulations are less effective due to their limited water solubility and bioavailability.Methods:The study used solubility tests,pseudo-ternary phase diagrams,and central composite design(CCD)to optimize.The formulation was optimized by varying the oil concentration(10–40%)and surfactant/cosurfactant ratio(0.33–3.00),and then tested for droplet size,drug content,emulsification,phase stability,and in vitro dissolution.Results:The study found that the optimized formulation contained 14%Capmul PG 8NF oil,62%Labrasol surfactant,and 24%Tween 80 cosurfactant.This combination generated an average droplet size of 111.02 nm and improved drug release properties.Furthermore,the formulation was stable without phase separation,with a drug content of 88.2–99.8%.Conclusion:SMEDDS significantly improves lafutidine delivery by increasing solubility and absorption,thereby overcoming oral administration challenges.The system quickly formed small droplets in water and released the drug in 15 min.Enhancing lafutidine’s bioavailability may improve its efficacy in treating gastric ulcers,resulting in better patient outcomes and potentially lower dosing frequency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42304050)Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province,grant number(202103a05020026)+1 种基金Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Universities in Anhui Province for Prevention of Mine Geological Disasters(2022-MGDP-08)University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province(2023AH051190)。
文摘Satellite clock bias(SCB)prediction is essential for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of real-time precise point positioning(RT-PPP)in Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS).To address the nonlinearity,non-stationarity,and short-term interruptions of SCB data under complex environments,this paper proposes an enhanced SCB prediction model combining Temporal Convolutional Networks(TCN)and Transformers.Experimental results indicate that,in a 24-h prediction task,the proposed model reduces root mean square error(RMSE)and range error(RE)by 95.6%,86.0%,and 61.3%,and93.7%,86.3%,and 58.8%,respectively,compared with LSTM,Transformer,and CNN-BiGRU-Attention models,while improving computational efficiency by 48.6%over the Transformer.Moreover,although the clock bias products generated by the proposed method result in slightly higher static PPP positioning errors than the International GNSS Service(IGS)rapid clock products,the error differences are generally at the millimeter level,demonstrating the feasibility of using predicted clock bias products to replace rapid clock products in the short term.This method addresses the PPP positioning issue during short-term network service interruptions from the perspective of time series prediction and provides potential solutions for engineering applications such as landslide,earthquake,and subsidence monitoring.
基金financially supported by the Bordeaux Wine Interprofessional Council(French acronym CIVB)in the framework of the EXTRACUIVRE projectby the French National Research Institute for Agriculture,Food and Environment(INRAE)in the framework of the COPOFTEA projectpartially supported by the TSU Program Priority 2030,Russia。
文摘Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and sustainability of vineyard ecosystems(Cornu et al.,2022).
基金supported by Postdoc Fellowship from the Foundation for Angelman Syndrome Therapeutics(FT2022-005 to JM,PD2023-001 to XY,and FT2024-001 to YAH)STTR R41 MH118747(to JM)。
文摘Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and memory.The activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term potentiation.Postsynaptically,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term potentiation.In this review,we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and depression.Treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 isoform.Although TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific functions.Targeting TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62162009the Key Technologies R&D Program of He’nan Province under Grant No.242102211065+2 种基金the Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province under Grant Nos.YJS2025GZZ36,YJS2024AL112,and YJS2024JD38the Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province under Grant No.CXTD2017099the Scientific Research Innovation Team of Xuchang University under Grant No.2022CXTD003.
文摘With the increasing complexity of malware attack techniques,traditional detection methods face significant challenges,such as privacy preservation,data heterogeneity,and lacking category information.To address these issues,we propose Federated Dynamic Prototype Learning(FedDPL)for malware classification by integrating Federated Learning with a specifically designed K-means.Under the Federated Learning framework,model training occurs locally without data sharing,effectively protecting user data privacy and preventing the leakage of sensitive information.Furthermore,to tackle the challenges of data heterogeneity and the lack of category information,FedDPL introduces a dynamic prototype learning mechanism,which adaptively adjusts the clustering prototypes in terms of position and number.Thus,the dependency on predefined category numbers in typical K-means and its variants can be significantly reduced,resulting in improved clustering performance.Theoretically,it provides a more accurate detection of malicious behavior.Experimental results confirm that FedDPL excels in handling malware classification tasks,demonstrating superior accuracy,robustness,and privacy protection.
基金funded by Grants PID2021-127191OB-I00,RTI2018-101708-A-I00,PRE2018-084542 and PRE2022-102680 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by“ERDF A way of making Europe”Grant RYC2018-025502-I is funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by“ESF Investing in your future”+1 种基金Grant MDM-20170720 Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program funded by the Spanish State Research Agencysupported by Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ,Infrastructure of Precision Medicine associated with Science and Technology(IMPaCT)of the Strategic Action in Health(iDATA-MP)。
文摘Endochondral ossification is a physiological process involving a sequential formation of cartilage and bone tissues.Classically,cartilage and bone formation have been considered independent processes at cellular level.However,the recently described multiple cell differentiation dynamics suggest that some bone cells are indeed the progeny of cartilage cells,or chondrocyte-derived osteoblasts.We hypothesized that the cartilage-to-bone phenotype transition is triggered by specific molecular events.First,the process was assessed in mouse bone tissue,and then,it was mimicked using in vivo cell implantation and in vitro serial differentiation protocols.Data indicates that cartilage cells transition to bone cell phenotype during postnatal physiological bone formation.This process can be reproduced using cartilage precursor cells coupled to specific implantation procedures or differentiation protocols.Gene expression profiling reveals that NOTCH,BMP and MAPK signaling pathways are relevant at the phenotype-switch,while the transcription factors Mesp1,Alx1,Grhl3 and Hmx3 are the feasible driver genes for chondrocyte-derived osteoblasts formation.Altogether,this report shows that endochondral ossification can be modeled using primary cell cultures and data indicate that this process is regulated by specific molecular events,previously described at skeleton morphogenesis during embryo development,and from now on also linkable to postnatal bone development and regeneration processes.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2022YFD1800400).
文摘Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contributors to staphylococcal food poisoning(SFP),causing vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,headache,muscle cramps,and other acute gastroenteritis symptoms.More than 25 SEs and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins(SE/s)have been described and which together comprise a superfamily of pyrogenic toxin superantigens(SAgs)[2].
