0 INTRODUCTION Shale oil has become a significant component of unconventional oil and gas exploration worldwide,dramatically transforming the global energy landscape over the past two decades(Xu et al.,2024;Guo et al....0 INTRODUCTION Shale oil has become a significant component of unconventional oil and gas exploration worldwide,dramatically transforming the global energy landscape over the past two decades(Xu et al.,2024;Guo et al.,2023;Wan et al.,2023;Zou et al.,2020).The successful commercial development of shale oil resources in North America has triggered a global surge in unconventional petroleum exploration,with many countries now actively pursuing their own shale resource development programs(Yang and Jin,2019).展开更多
Dissolved organic carbon(DOC)constitutes the largest organic carbon reservoir in the ocean and plays a vital role in the oceanic carbon cycle.However,research on DOC in Antarctica has been limited,largely due to diffi...Dissolved organic carbon(DOC)constitutes the largest organic carbon reservoir in the ocean and plays a vital role in the oceanic carbon cycle.However,research on DOC in Antarctica has been limited,largely due to difficulties in sample collection.In this study,we investigate chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in the Cosmonaut Sea and Cooperation Sea,Antarctica.The relative abundances of CDOM,as indicated by the absorption coefficient at 254 nm(a_(254)),exhibit significant variability,ranging from 1.29 m^(-1) to 8.37 m^(-1).The diatom species B is the primary contributor to CDOM in the region influenced by the Antarctic slope current.Using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis(EEM-PARAFAC),we identify three fluorescent components:one protein-like component(C1)and two humic-like components(C2 and C3).Our findings indicate that strong microbial activity in the euphotic zones of the Cosmonaut Sea and Cooperation Sea serves as a primary pathway for the removal of protein-like substances while also acting as a significant source of humic-like substances.Microbial degradation likely accounts for the decoupling of the vertical distribution of DOC and phytoplankton.Furthermore,the intrusion of modified circumpolar deep water(mCDW)into the euphotic zones of open ocean areas influences the distribution of CDOM at depths shallower than 200 m.These results have important implications for enhancing our understanding of the dynamics of CDOM and DOC in east Antarctica,as well as for improving assessments of the carbon cycle.展开更多
Both straw incorporation and irrigation practices affect biological nitrogen(N)fixation(BNF),but it is still unclear how straw incorporation impacts BNF under continuous(CFI)or intermittent(IFI)flooding irrigation in ...Both straw incorporation and irrigation practices affect biological nitrogen(N)fixation(BNF),but it is still unclear how straw incorporation impacts BNF under continuous(CFI)or intermittent(IFI)flooding irrigation in a rice cropping system.A15N2-labeling chamber system was placed in a rice field to evaluate BNF with straw incorporation under CFI or IFI for 90 d.The nif H(gene encoding the nitrogenase reductase subunit)DNA and c DNA in soil were amplified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and high-throughput sequencing was applied to the nif H gene.The total fixed N in the straw incorporation treatment was 14.3 kg ha^(-1)under CFI,being 116%higher than that under IFI(6.62 kg ha^(-1)).Straw incorporation and CFI showed significant interactive effects on the total fixed N and abundances of nif H DNA and c DNA.The increase in BNF was mainly due to the increase in the abundances of heterotrophic diazotrophs such as Desulfovibrio,Azonexus,and Azotobacter.These results indicated that straw incorporation stimulated BNF under CFI relative to IFI,which might ultimately lead to a rapid enhancement of soil fertility.展开更多
Aqueous zinc ion batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy stor-age due to their high safety,cost-effectiveness,and environ-mental friendliness.However,uncontrolled zinc den...Aqueous zinc ion batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy stor-age due to their high safety,cost-effectiveness,and environ-mental friendliness.However,uncontrolled zinc dendrite growth and side reactions of the zinc anode decrease the sta-bility of Zn batteries.We report the synthesis of an air-oxid-ized carbon nanotube(O-CNT)film by chemical vapor de-position followed by heat treatment in air which is used as a protective layer on the Zn foil to suppress zinc dendrite growth.The increase in the hydrophilicity of the O-CNT film caused by air oxidation facilitates zinc deposition between the film and the anode instead of deposition on the film surface.The porous structure of the O-CNT film homogenizes the Zn^(2+)ion flux and the electric field on the surface of the Zn foil,leading to the uniform deposition of Zn.As a result,a O-CNT@Zn symmetric cell has a much better cycling stability with a life of more than 3000 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) with a capacity of 1 mAh cm^(−2),and values of more than 2000 h and 1 mAh cm^(−2) at 5 mA cm^(−2).In addition,a O-CNT@Zn||Mn^(2+)inserted hydrated vanadium pentoxide(MnVOH)full cell has a better rate per-formance than a Zn||MnVOH cell,achieving a high discharge capacity of 194 mAh g^(−1) at a high current density of 8 A g^(−1).In a long-term cycling test,the O-CNT@Zn||MnVOH full cell has a capacity retention of 58.8%after 2000 cycles at a current density of 5 A·g^(−1).展开更多
Water-soluble organic matter(WSOM)significantly influences the transport of metals and organic contaminants in soils,yet the interaction specifics with antimony(Sb)remain largely unexplored.Antimony is of particular e...Water-soluble organic matter(WSOM)significantly influences the transport of metals and organic contaminants in soils,yet the interaction specifics with antimony(Sb)remain largely unexplored.Antimony is of particular environmental concern due to its toxic properties and harmful effects on ecosystems and human health.Employing a three-step fractionation method with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),this study aimed to isolate and analyze humic acids(HA),PVP-non adsorbed fulvic acids(FAA),and PVP-adsorbed fulvic acids(FAB)from WSOM in soil spiked with Sb and incubated for 18 months.These fractions underwent chemical analysis for carbon(C),nitrogen(N),total organic carbon(TOC),and Sb,complemented by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic characterization.The study revealed that HA wasmore aliphatic,with Sb predominantly associating with the fulvic acid(FA)fraction,accounting for 97%of Sb in extracts.Specifically,the FAA subfraction held substantial portions of total carbon(TC),total nitrogen(TN),total organic carbon(TOC),and Sb.Correlations between Sb concentrations and TN,TC,and TOC were significant.Extraction methods showed NaOH and Na_(4)P_(2)O_(7) outperformed HCl and deionised water in extracting TC,TN,and TOC,with higher Sb concentrations found in Na_(4)P_(2)O_(7) and NaOH extracts.This underscores the role of Fe/Al-SOM complexes in Sb soil availability.The results revealed that FAA subfraction accounted for 76%,64%and 94%of TN,TOC and Sb,respectively.Therefore,this research highlights the FAA fraction’s central role,predominantly comprising non-humic substances like amines,in the availability of C,N,and Sb in Sb-impacted soils.The findings offer insights for environmental management and remediation strategies.展开更多
Triflumezopyrim(TFM)is a novel mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones insecticide,which acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(n ACh Rs)and has no cross-resistance with other insecticides.Herein,we firstly developed...Triflumezopyrim(TFM)is a novel mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones insecticide,which acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(n ACh Rs)and has no cross-resistance with other insecticides.Herein,we firstly developed a new continuous flow approach to synthesis 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]malonic acid,a key intermate of TFM,coupling with esterification,condensation,and hydrolysis.All three-step reactions were optimized and transformed into a continuous synthesis mode by three micro reaction units.Compared with the batch mode,the total reaction time and overall separation yield were improved from more than 12 h and 60%to 18 min and 73.38%,respectively.The solvent consumption and waste emission were significantly reduced,which also provides an eco-friendly and efficient potential tool for the development and production of mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones insecticide.展开更多
With the same level of measurement accuracy,more portable and miniaturized measurement systems will have greater advantages,providing users with more flexible and convenient measurement solutions.Here,we introduce a n...With the same level of measurement accuracy,more portable and miniaturized measurement systems will have greater advantages,providing users with more flexible and convenient measurement solutions.Here,we introduce a new type of digital image correlation(DIC)system that incorporates a binocular meta-lens,featuring a simple and compact configuration.Meta-lens is one of the promising flat optical imaging devices that are ultra-thin,customizable,and well-suited for use in confined spaces.We evaluated this binocular meta-lens based DIC(BM-DIC)system through classic in-plane and out-of-plane translation tests,followed by a bending test on a helicopter wing model to capture 3D displacement and deformation fields.For in-plane translations,the system achieved high precision with a standard deviation(σ)below 2μm.Despite a small baseline of 4 mm,the system maintained aσof approximately 32μm for out-of-plane translations.Comparative analysis with conventional dual-camera stereo DIC systems showed that the BM-DIC system maintains an acceptable relative error margin of about 1%in measured strain fields despite a 75-fold reduction in baseline length.This research demonstrates the integration of DIC techniques with advanced meta-lens technology,indicating substantial potential to enhance the capabilities of DIC technology in experimental solid mechanics.展开更多
Single-photon entanglement(SPE) is an important source in quantum communication. In this paper, we put forward a single-photon-assisted noiseless linear amplification protocol to protect the SPE of an arbitrary polari...Single-photon entanglement(SPE) is an important source in quantum communication. In this paper, we put forward a single-photon-assisted noiseless linear amplification protocol to protect the SPE of an arbitrary polarization–time-bin qudit from the photon transmission loss caused by the practical channel noise. After the amplification, the fidelity of the SPE can be effectively increased. Meanwhile, the encoded polarization–time-bin features of the qudit can be well preserved. The protocol can be realized under the current experimental conditions. Moreover, the amplification protocol can be extended to resist complete photon loss and partial photon loss during the photon transmission. After the amplification, we can not only increase the fidelity of the target state, but also solve the decoherence problem simultaneously. Based on the above features, our amplification protocol may be useful in future quantum communication.展开更多
The dual impact of climate change and human activities has precipitated a sharp decline in primate biodiversity globally.China is home to the most diverse primate species in the Northern hemisphere,which face severe e...The dual impact of climate change and human activities has precipitated a sharp decline in primate biodiversity globally.China is home to the most diverse primate species in the Northern hemisphere,which face severe ecological threats due to the expansion of modern agriculture,extensive exploitation and consumption of natural resources,and excessive land development during its transition from an agricultural to a modern society.In response,China has implemented various ecological conservation measures,including habitat restoration and protection.These efforts have made substantial strides in biodiversity conservation,with certain regions witnessing an increase in primate populations.In the current study,we conducted a systematic review of historical documents and field research data related to Chinese primates,evaluating the endangered status of primate species in China.Despite improvements in the habitats of most primate species and some population growth,many species still face severe threats,including declining and small populations.Species such as the Myanmar snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri),eastern black crested gibbon(Nomascus nasutus),and Hainan gibbon(N.hainanus)remain particularly vulnerable due to their limited distribution ranges and extremely small populations.Insufficient scientific data,fragmented information,and not enough studies in conservation biology further compound the challenges.Moreover,there is a notable lack of detailed population monitoring data for species such as the Bengal slow loris(Nycticebus bengalensis),pygmy slow loris(N.pygmaeus),Indochinese gray langur(Trachypithecus crepusculus),Shortridge’s langur(T.shortridgei),and capped langur(T.pileatus),which hinders the development of practical and targeted conservation management strategies.Therefore,for national biodiversity conservation,there is an urgent need for specialized primate surveys,enhancing habitat protection and restoration,and increasing focus on cross-border conservation strategies and regional cooperation.There is also a need to establish a comprehensive and systematic research database platform,conduct continuous and in-depth research in primate biology,and actively engage in the scientific assessment of ecotourism.Additionally,strengthening public awareness and education on wildlife conservation remains essential.Such integrated and systematic efforts will provide scientific support for the current and future conservation and management of primate species in China.展开更多
Using the JQ-II high pressure hydrogenation micro-reactor unit, the reactivity of Athabasca bitumen derived heavy gas oil was studied over commercial and homemade hydrotreating catalysts. The effects of catalyst prepa...Using the JQ-II high pressure hydrogenation micro-reactor unit, the reactivity of Athabasca bitumen derived heavy gas oil was studied over commercial and homemade hydrotreating catalysts. The effects of catalyst preparation variables and the influences of operation conditions, such as pressure, temperature, hydrogen/oil ratio and space velocity were also examined. It was shown that the optimal concentrations of the active components were 5% of NiO, 20% of MoO3 and 3.5% of phosphorus (by mass), and the suitable operation conditions were determined experimentally.展开更多
White blood cells (WBC) or leukocytes are a vital component ofthe blood which forms the immune system, which is accountable to fightforeign elements. The WBC images can be exposed to different data analysisapproaches ...White blood cells (WBC) or leukocytes are a vital component ofthe blood which forms the immune system, which is accountable to fightforeign elements. The WBC images can be exposed to different data analysisapproaches which categorize different kinds of WBC. Conventionally, laboratorytests are carried out to determine the kind of WBC which is erroneousand time consuming. Recently, deep learning (DL) models can be employedfor automated investigation of WBC images in short duration. Therefore,this paper introduces an Aquila Optimizer with Transfer Learning basedAutomated White Blood Cells Classification (AOTL-WBCC) technique. Thepresented AOTL-WBCC model executes data normalization and data augmentationprocess (rotation and zooming) at the initial stage. In addition,the residual network (ResNet) approach was used for feature extraction inwhich the initial hyperparameter values of the ResNet model are tuned by theuse of AO algorithm. Finally, Bayesian neural network (BNN) classificationtechnique has been implied for the identification of WBC images into distinctclasses. The experimental validation of the AOTL-WBCC methodology isperformed with the help of Kaggle dataset. The experimental results foundthat the AOTL-WBCC model has outperformed other techniques which arebased on image processing and manual feature engineering approaches underdifferent dimensions.展开更多
Virtual machine(VM)consolidation aims to run VMs on the least number of physical machines(PMs).The optimal consolidation significantly reduces energy consumption(EC),quality of service(QoS)in applications,and resource...Virtual machine(VM)consolidation aims to run VMs on the least number of physical machines(PMs).The optimal consolidation significantly reduces energy consumption(EC),quality of service(QoS)in applications,and resource utilization.This paper proposes a prediction-basedmulti-objective VMconsolidation approach to search for the best mapping between VMs and PMs with good timeliness and practical value.We use a hybrid model based on Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA)and Support Vector Regression(SVR)(HPAS)as a prediction model and consolidate VMs to PMs based on prediction results by HPAS,aiming at minimizing the total EC,performance degradation(PD),migration cost(MC)and resource wastage(RW)simultaneously.Experimental results usingMicrosoft Azure trace show the proposed approach has better prediction accuracy and overcomes the multi-objective consolidation approach without prediction(i.e.,Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm 2,Nsga2)and the renowned Overload Host Detection(OHD)approaches without prediction,such as Linear Regression(LR),Median Absolute Deviation(MAD)and Inter-Quartile Range(IQR).展开更多
Objective:This study investigated the clinical significance of DICER1 mutations in patients with distant metastatic follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer(FDTC).Methods:This study included 310 Chinese patients with di...Objective:This study investigated the clinical significance of DICER1 mutations in patients with distant metastatic follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer(FDTC).Methods:This study included 310 Chinese patients with distant metastatic FDTC.We analyzed the interactions between DICER1 mutations and other gene alterations and compared the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with pathogenic(P)or likely pathogenic(LP)DICER1 mutations(n=9),other gene alterations(n=253),and no gene alterations(n=37).To compare FDTCs with different drivers,isolated BRAFV600E,RAS mutations,and RET fusions were compared with isolated DICER1 mutations.Results:The prevalence of DICER1 mutations was 6.5%(20/310)in the patient cohort.Among patients with DICER1 mutations,45%(9/20)harbored P or LP DICER1 variants and 55%(11/20)harbored DICER1 variants of uncertain significance(VUS).The coexistence of DICER1 mutations and other gene alterations was detected in65%(13/20)of patients.Compared with VUS,P or LP DICER1 variants were almost mutually exclusive with early driver alterations(such as BRAFV600E)(11.1%vs.81.8%,P=0.002)and more coexisted with late-hit events,particularly TP53 mutations(44.4%vs.27.3%,P=0.642).Clinically,compared with the no alteration and other alteration groups,the DICER1 mutation group exhibited larger primary tumors,higher poorly differentiated thyroid cancer proportion,more extrathyroidal extension,more extrapulmonary metastases,and higher radioactive iodine-refractory proportion(all P<0.05).Cases with isolated DICER1 mutations differed from those with isolated BRAFV600E and RET fusions in terms of tumor size,poorly differentiated thyroid cancer proportion,and metastatic sites,but were similar to cases with isolated RAS mutations in the high proportion of follicular thyroid cancer,N0,and extrapulmonary metastases.Conclusions:Mutation of DICER1 gene is a non-negligible molecular event and it may represent an aggressive subset of FDTCs.DICER1 has RAS-like clinical characteristics and DICER1-mutant tumors exhibit more aggressive clinical behaviors compared with those with BRAFV600E and RET fusions.展开更多
Background:In recent years,there has been increased research interest in both smartphone addiction and social media addiction as well as the development of psychometric instruments to assess these constructs.However,t...Background:In recent years,there has been increased research interest in both smartphone addiction and social media addiction as well as the development of psychometric instruments to assess these constructs.However,there is a lack of psychometric evaluation for instruments assessing smartphone addiction and social media addiction in Thailand.The present study evaluated the psychometric properties and gender measurement invariance of the Thai version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale(SABAS)and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale(BSMAS).Method:A total of 801 Thai university students participated in an online survey from January 2022 to July 2022 which included demographic information,SABAS,BSMAS,and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form(IGDS9-SF).Results:Confirmatory Factor Analyses(CFAs)found that both the SABAS and BSMAS had a one-factor structure.Findings demonstrated adequate psychometric properties of both instruments and also supported measurement invariance across genders.Moreover,scores on the SABAS and BSMAS were correlated with scores on the IGDS9-SF.Conclusion:The results indicated that the SABAS and BSMAS are useful psychometric instruments for assessing the risk of smartphone addiction and social media addiction among Thai young adults.展开更多
Soil salinity is a serious land degradation issue in agriculture.It is a major threat to agriculture productivity.Extra irrigation water is applied to leach down the salts from the root zone of the plants in the form ...Soil salinity is a serious land degradation issue in agriculture.It is a major threat to agriculture productivity.Extra irrigation water is applied to leach down the salts from the root zone of the plants in the form of a Leaching fraction(LF)of irrigation water.For the leaching process to be effective,the LF of irriga-tion water needs to be adjusted according to the environmental conditions and soil salinity level in the form of Evapotranspiration(ET)rate.The relationship between environmental conditions and ET rate is hard to be defined by a linear relationship and data-driven Machine learning(ML)based decisions are required to determine the calibrated Evapotranspiration(ETc)rate.ML-assisted ETc is pro-posed to adjust the LF according to the ETc and soil salinity level.A regression model is proposed to determine the ETc rate according to the prevailing tempera-ture,humidity,and sunshine,which would be used to determine the smart LF according to the ETc and soil salinity level.The proposed model is trained and tested against the Blaney Criddle method of Reference evapotranspiration(ETo)determination.The validation of the model from the test dataset reveals the accu-racy of the ML model in terms of Root mean squared errors(RMSE)are 0.41,Mean absolute errors(MAE)are 0.34,and Mean squared errors(MSE)are 0.28 mm day-1.The applications of the proposed solution in a real-time environ-ment show that the LF by the proposed solution is more effective in reducing the soil salinity as compared to the traditional process of leaching.展开更多
The effect of rapid solidification on structure and electrochemical performance of the LaNi4.5Co0.25Al0.25 hydrogen storage alloy was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and a simulated battery test, including ma...The effect of rapid solidification on structure and electrochemical performance of the LaNi4.5Co0.25Al0.25 hydrogen storage alloy was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and a simulated battery test, including maximum capacity, cycling stability, self-discharge, and high-rate discharge ability （HRD）. All the melt-spun alloys were single-phase with the CaCu5-type structure （space groupP6/mmm）. In comparison to the as-cast alloy, the rapidly quenched alloys manifested an improved homogeneity of com-position and expanded lattice parameters. The electrochemical measurements showed that the activation property, cycling stability and self-discharge of the alloy electrodes were also improved for the rapid solidified alloys. The HRDof the as-cast alloy was better than those of all the rapidly solidified alloys. As the quenching rate increased, the HRD and exchange current density first decreased and then increased.展开更多
Cemented paste backill(CPB)is a susta inable mining technology that is widely used in mines and helps to improve the mine environment.To investigate the relationship between aggregate grading and different affecting f...Cemented paste backill(CPB)is a susta inable mining technology that is widely used in mines and helps to improve the mine environment.To investigate the relationship between aggregate grading and different affecting factors and the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of the cemented paste backill(CPB),Talbol gradation theory and neural networks is used to evaluate aggregate gradation to determine the optimum aggregate ratio.The mixed aggregate ratio with the least amount of cement(waste stone content river sand content=7:3)is obtained by using Talbol grading theory and pile compactness function and combined with experiments.In addition,the response surface method is used to design strength speaific ratio experiments.The UCS prediction model which ues the ISTM and considers the aggregates gradation have high accuracy.The root mean square error(RMSE)of the prediction results is 0.0914,the coefficient of determination(R^(2))is 0.9973 and the variance account for(VAF)is 99.73.Compared with back propagation neural network(BP-ANN),extreme lea ming machine(ELM)and madal basis function neural network(RBF ANN),LSTM can efectively characterize the nonlinear relationship between UCS and individual affecting factors and predict UCS with high accuracy.The sensitivity analysis of different affecting factors on UCS shows that all 4 factors have significant effect on UCS and sensitivity is in the following ranking:cement content(0.9264)>slurry concentration(0.9179)>aggregate gradation(waste rodk content)(0.9031)>curing time(09031).展开更多
Fruit classification is found to be one of the rising fields in computer and machine vision.Many deep learning-based procedures worked out so far to classify images may have some ill-posed issues.The performance of th...Fruit classification is found to be one of the rising fields in computer and machine vision.Many deep learning-based procedures worked out so far to classify images may have some ill-posed issues.The performance of the classification scheme depends on the range of captured images,the volume of features,types of characters,choice of features from extracted features,and type of classifiers used.This paper aims to propose a novel deep learning approach consisting of Convolution Neural Network(CNN),Recurrent Neural Network(RNN),and Long Short-TermMemory(LSTM)application to classify the fruit images.Classification accuracy depends on the extracted and selected optimal features.Deep learning applications CNN,RNN,and LSTM were collectively involved to classify the fruits.CNN is used to extract the image features.RNN is used to select the extracted optimal features and LSTM is used to classify the fruits based on extracted and selected images features by CNN and RNN.Empirical study shows the supremacy of proposed over existing Support Vector Machine(SVM),Feed-forwardNeural Network(FFNN),and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)competitive techniques for fruit images classification.The accuracy rate of the proposed approach is quite better than the SVM,FFNN,and ANFIS schemes.It has been concluded that the proposed technique outperforms existing schemes.展开更多
Background:Vegetation phenology research has largely focused on temperate deciduous forests,thus limiting our understanding of the response of evergreen vegetation to climate change in tropical and subtropical regions...Background:Vegetation phenology research has largely focused on temperate deciduous forests,thus limiting our understanding of the response of evergreen vegetation to climate change in tropical and subtropical regions.Results:Using satellite solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)and MODIS enhanced vegetation index(EVI)data,we applied two methods to evaluate temporal and spatial patterns of the end of the growing season(EGS)in subtropical vegetation in China,and analyze the dependence of EGS on preseason maximum and minimum temperatures as well as cumulative precipitation.Our results indicated that the averaged EGS derived from the SIF and EVI based on the two methods(dynamic threshold method and derivative method)was later than that derived from gross primary productivity(GPP)based on the eddy covariance technique,and the time-lag for EGSsif and EGSevi was approximately 2 weeks and 4 weeks,respectively.We found that EGS was positively correlated with preseason minimum temperature and cumulative precipitation(accounting for more than 73%and 62%of the study areas,respectively),but negatively correlated with preseason maximum temperature(accounting for more than 59%of the study areas).In addition,EGS was more sensitive to the changes in the preseason minimum temperature than to other climatic factors,and an increase in the preseason minimum temperature significantly delayed the EGS in evergreen forests,shrub and grassland.Conclusions:Our results indicated that the SIF outperformed traditional vegetation indices in capturing the autumn photosynthetic phenology of evergreen forest in the subtropical region of China.We found that minimum temperature plays a significant role in determining autumn photosynthetic phenology in the study region.These findings contribute to improving our understanding of the response of the EGS to climate change in subtropical vegetation of China,and provide a new perspective for accurately evaluating the role played by evergreen vegetation in the regional carbon budget.展开更多
This study examines the seasonal variations of tropical cyclogenesis over the South China Sea (SCS) using a genesis potential (GP) index developed by Emanuel and Nolan. How different environmental factors (including l...This study examines the seasonal variations of tropical cyclogenesis over the South China Sea (SCS) using a genesis potential (GP) index developed by Emanuel and Nolan. How different environmental factors (including low-level vorticity, mid-level relative humidity, vertical wind shear, and potential intensity) contribute to these variations is investigated. Composite anomalies of the GP index are produced for the summer and winter monsoons separately. These composites replicate the observed seasonal variations of the observed frequency and location of tropical cyclogenesis over the SCS. The degree of contribution by each factor in different regions is determined quantitatively by producing composites of modified indices in which only one of the contributing factors varies, with the others set to climatology. Over the northern SCS, potential intensity makes the largest contributions to the seasonal variations in tropical cyclogenesis. Over the southern SCS, the low-level relative vorticity plays the primary role in the seasonal modulation of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency, and the vertical wind shear plays the secondary role. Thermodynamic factors play more important roles for the seasonal variations in tropical cyclogenesis over the northern SCS, while dynamic factors are more important in the seasonal modulation of TC genesis frequency over the southern SCS.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(No.PRE/open-2501)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION Shale oil has become a significant component of unconventional oil and gas exploration worldwide,dramatically transforming the global energy landscape over the past two decades(Xu et al.,2024;Guo et al.,2023;Wan et al.,2023;Zou et al.,2020).The successful commercial development of shale oil resources in North America has triggered a global surge in unconventional petroleum exploration,with many countries now actively pursuing their own shale resource development programs(Yang and Jin,2019).
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42276255,41976228,42176227 and 42306262the National Polar Special Program under contract Nos IRASCC 01-01-02,IRASCC 02-02-03,and IRASCC 02-02-05the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography under contract Nos JG2211 and JG2212.
文摘Dissolved organic carbon(DOC)constitutes the largest organic carbon reservoir in the ocean and plays a vital role in the oceanic carbon cycle.However,research on DOC in Antarctica has been limited,largely due to difficulties in sample collection.In this study,we investigate chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in the Cosmonaut Sea and Cooperation Sea,Antarctica.The relative abundances of CDOM,as indicated by the absorption coefficient at 254 nm(a_(254)),exhibit significant variability,ranging from 1.29 m^(-1) to 8.37 m^(-1).The diatom species B is the primary contributor to CDOM in the region influenced by the Antarctic slope current.Using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis(EEM-PARAFAC),we identify three fluorescent components:one protein-like component(C1)and two humic-like components(C2 and C3).Our findings indicate that strong microbial activity in the euphotic zones of the Cosmonaut Sea and Cooperation Sea serves as a primary pathway for the removal of protein-like substances while also acting as a significant source of humic-like substances.Microbial degradation likely accounts for the decoupling of the vertical distribution of DOC and phytoplankton.Furthermore,the intrusion of modified circumpolar deep water(mCDW)into the euphotic zones of open ocean areas influences the distribution of CDOM at depths shallower than 200 m.These results have important implications for enhancing our understanding of the dynamics of CDOM and DOC in east Antarctica,as well as for improving assessments of the carbon cycle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177333 and 31870500)the National Special Program for Key Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2015FY110700)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(No.JASTIFCX(20)2003)。
文摘Both straw incorporation and irrigation practices affect biological nitrogen(N)fixation(BNF),but it is still unclear how straw incorporation impacts BNF under continuous(CFI)or intermittent(IFI)flooding irrigation in a rice cropping system.A15N2-labeling chamber system was placed in a rice field to evaluate BNF with straw incorporation under CFI or IFI for 90 d.The nif H(gene encoding the nitrogenase reductase subunit)DNA and c DNA in soil were amplified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and high-throughput sequencing was applied to the nif H gene.The total fixed N in the straw incorporation treatment was 14.3 kg ha^(-1)under CFI,being 116%higher than that under IFI(6.62 kg ha^(-1)).Straw incorporation and CFI showed significant interactive effects on the total fixed N and abundances of nif H DNA and c DNA.The increase in BNF was mainly due to the increase in the abundances of heterotrophic diazotrophs such as Desulfovibrio,Azonexus,and Azotobacter.These results indicated that straw incorporation stimulated BNF under CFI relative to IFI,which might ultimately lead to a rapid enhancement of soil fertility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179093 and21905202)。
文摘Aqueous zinc ion batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy stor-age due to their high safety,cost-effectiveness,and environ-mental friendliness.However,uncontrolled zinc dendrite growth and side reactions of the zinc anode decrease the sta-bility of Zn batteries.We report the synthesis of an air-oxid-ized carbon nanotube(O-CNT)film by chemical vapor de-position followed by heat treatment in air which is used as a protective layer on the Zn foil to suppress zinc dendrite growth.The increase in the hydrophilicity of the O-CNT film caused by air oxidation facilitates zinc deposition between the film and the anode instead of deposition on the film surface.The porous structure of the O-CNT film homogenizes the Zn^(2+)ion flux and the electric field on the surface of the Zn foil,leading to the uniform deposition of Zn.As a result,a O-CNT@Zn symmetric cell has a much better cycling stability with a life of more than 3000 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) with a capacity of 1 mAh cm^(−2),and values of more than 2000 h and 1 mAh cm^(−2) at 5 mA cm^(−2).In addition,a O-CNT@Zn||Mn^(2+)inserted hydrated vanadium pentoxide(MnVOH)full cell has a better rate per-formance than a Zn||MnVOH cell,achieving a high discharge capacity of 194 mAh g^(−1) at a high current density of 8 A g^(−1).In a long-term cycling test,the O-CNT@Zn||MnVOH full cell has a capacity retention of 58.8%after 2000 cycles at a current density of 5 A·g^(−1).
基金financial support provided by the University of New England,Australia for conducting this research。
文摘Water-soluble organic matter(WSOM)significantly influences the transport of metals and organic contaminants in soils,yet the interaction specifics with antimony(Sb)remain largely unexplored.Antimony is of particular environmental concern due to its toxic properties and harmful effects on ecosystems and human health.Employing a three-step fractionation method with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),this study aimed to isolate and analyze humic acids(HA),PVP-non adsorbed fulvic acids(FAA),and PVP-adsorbed fulvic acids(FAB)from WSOM in soil spiked with Sb and incubated for 18 months.These fractions underwent chemical analysis for carbon(C),nitrogen(N),total organic carbon(TOC),and Sb,complemented by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic characterization.The study revealed that HA wasmore aliphatic,with Sb predominantly associating with the fulvic acid(FA)fraction,accounting for 97%of Sb in extracts.Specifically,the FAA subfraction held substantial portions of total carbon(TC),total nitrogen(TN),total organic carbon(TOC),and Sb.Correlations between Sb concentrations and TN,TC,and TOC were significant.Extraction methods showed NaOH and Na_(4)P_(2)O_(7) outperformed HCl and deionised water in extracting TC,TN,and TOC,with higher Sb concentrations found in Na_(4)P_(2)O_(7) and NaOH extracts.This underscores the role of Fe/Al-SOM complexes in Sb soil availability.The results revealed that FAA subfraction accounted for 76%,64%and 94%of TN,TOC and Sb,respectively.Therefore,this research highlights the FAA fraction’s central role,predominantly comprising non-humic substances like amines,in the availability of C,N,and Sb in Sb-impacted soils.The findings offer insights for environmental management and remediation strategies.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFD1700303,2022YFD17800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21878088,21476077)for financial support。
文摘Triflumezopyrim(TFM)is a novel mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones insecticide,which acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(n ACh Rs)and has no cross-resistance with other insecticides.Herein,we firstly developed a new continuous flow approach to synthesis 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]malonic acid,a key intermate of TFM,coupling with esterification,condensation,and hydrolysis.All three-step reactions were optimized and transformed into a continuous synthesis mode by three micro reaction units.Compared with the batch mode,the total reaction time and overall separation yield were improved from more than 12 h and 60%to 18 min and 73.38%,respectively.The solvent consumption and waste emission were significantly reduced,which also provides an eco-friendly and efficient potential tool for the development and production of mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones insecticide.
基金financial support from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.C5031-22G,CityU11310522,CityU11300123)City University of Hong Kong(Project No.9610628)+5 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12172222,12302368,22227901)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(J2019-V-0004-0095)Science Center for Gas Turbine Project(2023-B-V-002-001)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(20230046057018)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M742231)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20231561。
文摘With the same level of measurement accuracy,more portable and miniaturized measurement systems will have greater advantages,providing users with more flexible and convenient measurement solutions.Here,we introduce a new type of digital image correlation(DIC)system that incorporates a binocular meta-lens,featuring a simple and compact configuration.Meta-lens is one of the promising flat optical imaging devices that are ultra-thin,customizable,and well-suited for use in confined spaces.We evaluated this binocular meta-lens based DIC(BM-DIC)system through classic in-plane and out-of-plane translation tests,followed by a bending test on a helicopter wing model to capture 3D displacement and deformation fields.For in-plane translations,the system achieved high precision with a standard deviation(σ)below 2μm.Despite a small baseline of 4 mm,the system maintained aσof approximately 32μm for out-of-plane translations.Comparative analysis with conventional dual-camera stereo DIC systems showed that the BM-DIC system maintains an acceptable relative error margin of about 1%in measured strain fields despite a 75-fold reduction in baseline length.This research demonstrates the integration of DIC techniques with advanced meta-lens technology,indicating substantial potential to enhance the capabilities of DIC technology in experimental solid mechanics.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474168 and 11747161)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Chinathe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M642293)
文摘Single-photon entanglement(SPE) is an important source in quantum communication. In this paper, we put forward a single-photon-assisted noiseless linear amplification protocol to protect the SPE of an arbitrary polarization–time-bin qudit from the photon transmission loss caused by the practical channel noise. After the amplification, the fidelity of the SPE can be effectively increased. Meanwhile, the encoded polarization–time-bin features of the qudit can be well preserved. The protocol can be realized under the current experimental conditions. Moreover, the amplification protocol can be extended to resist complete photon loss and partial photon loss during the photon transmission. After the amplification, we can not only increase the fidelity of the target state, but also solve the decoherence problem simultaneously. Based on the above features, our amplification protocol may be useful in future quantum communication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371563)and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31020302)。
文摘The dual impact of climate change and human activities has precipitated a sharp decline in primate biodiversity globally.China is home to the most diverse primate species in the Northern hemisphere,which face severe ecological threats due to the expansion of modern agriculture,extensive exploitation and consumption of natural resources,and excessive land development during its transition from an agricultural to a modern society.In response,China has implemented various ecological conservation measures,including habitat restoration and protection.These efforts have made substantial strides in biodiversity conservation,with certain regions witnessing an increase in primate populations.In the current study,we conducted a systematic review of historical documents and field research data related to Chinese primates,evaluating the endangered status of primate species in China.Despite improvements in the habitats of most primate species and some population growth,many species still face severe threats,including declining and small populations.Species such as the Myanmar snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri),eastern black crested gibbon(Nomascus nasutus),and Hainan gibbon(N.hainanus)remain particularly vulnerable due to their limited distribution ranges and extremely small populations.Insufficient scientific data,fragmented information,and not enough studies in conservation biology further compound the challenges.Moreover,there is a notable lack of detailed population monitoring data for species such as the Bengal slow loris(Nycticebus bengalensis),pygmy slow loris(N.pygmaeus),Indochinese gray langur(Trachypithecus crepusculus),Shortridge’s langur(T.shortridgei),and capped langur(T.pileatus),which hinders the development of practical and targeted conservation management strategies.Therefore,for national biodiversity conservation,there is an urgent need for specialized primate surveys,enhancing habitat protection and restoration,and increasing focus on cross-border conservation strategies and regional cooperation.There is also a need to establish a comprehensive and systematic research database platform,conduct continuous and in-depth research in primate biology,and actively engage in the scientific assessment of ecotourism.Additionally,strengthening public awareness and education on wildlife conservation remains essential.Such integrated and systematic efforts will provide scientific support for the current and future conservation and management of primate species in China.
文摘Using the JQ-II high pressure hydrogenation micro-reactor unit, the reactivity of Athabasca bitumen derived heavy gas oil was studied over commercial and homemade hydrotreating catalysts. The effects of catalyst preparation variables and the influences of operation conditions, such as pressure, temperature, hydrogen/oil ratio and space velocity were also examined. It was shown that the optimal concentrations of the active components were 5% of NiO, 20% of MoO3 and 3.5% of phosphorus (by mass), and the suitable operation conditions were determined experimentally.
基金The Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR)at King Abdulaziz University (KAU),Jeddah,Saudi Arabia has funded this project,under Grant No.KEP-1–120–42.
文摘White blood cells (WBC) or leukocytes are a vital component ofthe blood which forms the immune system, which is accountable to fightforeign elements. The WBC images can be exposed to different data analysisapproaches which categorize different kinds of WBC. Conventionally, laboratorytests are carried out to determine the kind of WBC which is erroneousand time consuming. Recently, deep learning (DL) models can be employedfor automated investigation of WBC images in short duration. Therefore,this paper introduces an Aquila Optimizer with Transfer Learning basedAutomated White Blood Cells Classification (AOTL-WBCC) technique. Thepresented AOTL-WBCC model executes data normalization and data augmentationprocess (rotation and zooming) at the initial stage. In addition,the residual network (ResNet) approach was used for feature extraction inwhich the initial hyperparameter values of the ResNet model are tuned by theuse of AO algorithm. Finally, Bayesian neural network (BNN) classificationtechnique has been implied for the identification of WBC images into distinctclasses. The experimental validation of the AOTL-WBCC methodology isperformed with the help of Kaggle dataset. The experimental results foundthat the AOTL-WBCC model has outperformed other techniques which arebased on image processing and manual feature engineering approaches underdifferent dimensions.
基金funded by Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province,Grant Numbers:2019GY-020 and 2024JC-YBQN-0730.
文摘Virtual machine(VM)consolidation aims to run VMs on the least number of physical machines(PMs).The optimal consolidation significantly reduces energy consumption(EC),quality of service(QoS)in applications,and resource utilization.This paper proposes a prediction-basedmulti-objective VMconsolidation approach to search for the best mapping between VMs and PMs with good timeliness and practical value.We use a hybrid model based on Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA)and Support Vector Regression(SVR)(HPAS)as a prediction model and consolidate VMs to PMs based on prediction results by HPAS,aiming at minimizing the total EC,performance degradation(PD),migration cost(MC)and resource wastage(RW)simultaneously.Experimental results usingMicrosoft Azure trace show the proposed approach has better prediction accuracy and overcomes the multi-objective consolidation approach without prediction(i.e.,Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm 2,Nsga2)and the renowned Overload Host Detection(OHD)approaches without prediction,such as Linear Regression(LR),Median Absolute Deviation(MAD)and Inter-Quartile Range(IQR).
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.2022-PUMCHB-072)。
文摘Objective:This study investigated the clinical significance of DICER1 mutations in patients with distant metastatic follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer(FDTC).Methods:This study included 310 Chinese patients with distant metastatic FDTC.We analyzed the interactions between DICER1 mutations and other gene alterations and compared the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with pathogenic(P)or likely pathogenic(LP)DICER1 mutations(n=9),other gene alterations(n=253),and no gene alterations(n=37).To compare FDTCs with different drivers,isolated BRAFV600E,RAS mutations,and RET fusions were compared with isolated DICER1 mutations.Results:The prevalence of DICER1 mutations was 6.5%(20/310)in the patient cohort.Among patients with DICER1 mutations,45%(9/20)harbored P or LP DICER1 variants and 55%(11/20)harbored DICER1 variants of uncertain significance(VUS).The coexistence of DICER1 mutations and other gene alterations was detected in65%(13/20)of patients.Compared with VUS,P or LP DICER1 variants were almost mutually exclusive with early driver alterations(such as BRAFV600E)(11.1%vs.81.8%,P=0.002)and more coexisted with late-hit events,particularly TP53 mutations(44.4%vs.27.3%,P=0.642).Clinically,compared with the no alteration and other alteration groups,the DICER1 mutation group exhibited larger primary tumors,higher poorly differentiated thyroid cancer proportion,more extrathyroidal extension,more extrapulmonary metastases,and higher radioactive iodine-refractory proportion(all P<0.05).Cases with isolated DICER1 mutations differed from those with isolated BRAFV600E and RET fusions in terms of tumor size,poorly differentiated thyroid cancer proportion,and metastatic sites,but were similar to cases with isolated RAS mutations in the high proportion of follicular thyroid cancer,N0,and extrapulmonary metastases.Conclusions:Mutation of DICER1 gene is a non-negligible molecular event and it may represent an aggressive subset of FDTCs.DICER1 has RAS-like clinical characteristics and DICER1-mutant tumors exhibit more aggressive clinical behaviors compared with those with BRAFV600E and RET fusions.
基金This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan(MOST 110-2410-H-006-115)the Higher Education Sprout Project,Ministry of Education to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University(NCKU)the 2021 Southeast and South Asia and Taiwan Universities Joint Research Scheme(NCKU 31),and the E-Da Hospital(EDAHC111004).
文摘Background:In recent years,there has been increased research interest in both smartphone addiction and social media addiction as well as the development of psychometric instruments to assess these constructs.However,there is a lack of psychometric evaluation for instruments assessing smartphone addiction and social media addiction in Thailand.The present study evaluated the psychometric properties and gender measurement invariance of the Thai version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale(SABAS)and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale(BSMAS).Method:A total of 801 Thai university students participated in an online survey from January 2022 to July 2022 which included demographic information,SABAS,BSMAS,and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form(IGDS9-SF).Results:Confirmatory Factor Analyses(CFAs)found that both the SABAS and BSMAS had a one-factor structure.Findings demonstrated adequate psychometric properties of both instruments and also supported measurement invariance across genders.Moreover,scores on the SABAS and BSMAS were correlated with scores on the IGDS9-SF.Conclusion:The results indicated that the SABAS and BSMAS are useful psychometric instruments for assessing the risk of smartphone addiction and social media addiction among Thai young adults.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King AbdulAziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia under Grant No.(RG-11-611-43).
文摘Soil salinity is a serious land degradation issue in agriculture.It is a major threat to agriculture productivity.Extra irrigation water is applied to leach down the salts from the root zone of the plants in the form of a Leaching fraction(LF)of irrigation water.For the leaching process to be effective,the LF of irriga-tion water needs to be adjusted according to the environmental conditions and soil salinity level in the form of Evapotranspiration(ET)rate.The relationship between environmental conditions and ET rate is hard to be defined by a linear relationship and data-driven Machine learning(ML)based decisions are required to determine the calibrated Evapotranspiration(ETc)rate.ML-assisted ETc is pro-posed to adjust the LF according to the ETc and soil salinity level.A regression model is proposed to determine the ETc rate according to the prevailing tempera-ture,humidity,and sunshine,which would be used to determine the smart LF according to the ETc and soil salinity level.The proposed model is trained and tested against the Blaney Criddle method of Reference evapotranspiration(ETo)determination.The validation of the model from the test dataset reveals the accu-racy of the ML model in terms of Root mean squared errors(RMSE)are 0.41,Mean absolute errors(MAE)are 0.34,and Mean squared errors(MSE)are 0.28 mm day-1.The applications of the proposed solution in a real-time environ-ment show that the LF by the proposed solution is more effective in reducing the soil salinity as compared to the traditional process of leaching.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundations of China(51161004,51371061,51001033)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2012GXNSFGA060002)
文摘The effect of rapid solidification on structure and electrochemical performance of the LaNi4.5Co0.25Al0.25 hydrogen storage alloy was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and a simulated battery test, including maximum capacity, cycling stability, self-discharge, and high-rate discharge ability （HRD）. All the melt-spun alloys were single-phase with the CaCu5-type structure （space groupP6/mmm）. In comparison to the as-cast alloy, the rapidly quenched alloys manifested an improved homogeneity of com-position and expanded lattice parameters. The electrochemical measurements showed that the activation property, cycling stability and self-discharge of the alloy electrodes were also improved for the rapid solidified alloys. The HRDof the as-cast alloy was better than those of all the rapidly solidified alloys. As the quenching rate increased, the HRD and exchange current density first decreased and then increased.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC 1900603,2018YFC0604604).
文摘Cemented paste backill(CPB)is a susta inable mining technology that is widely used in mines and helps to improve the mine environment.To investigate the relationship between aggregate grading and different affecting factors and the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of the cemented paste backill(CPB),Talbol gradation theory and neural networks is used to evaluate aggregate gradation to determine the optimum aggregate ratio.The mixed aggregate ratio with the least amount of cement(waste stone content river sand content=7:3)is obtained by using Talbol grading theory and pile compactness function and combined with experiments.In addition,the response surface method is used to design strength speaific ratio experiments.The UCS prediction model which ues the ISTM and considers the aggregates gradation have high accuracy.The root mean square error(RMSE)of the prediction results is 0.0914,the coefficient of determination(R^(2))is 0.9973 and the variance account for(VAF)is 99.73.Compared with back propagation neural network(BP-ANN),extreme lea ming machine(ELM)and madal basis function neural network(RBF ANN),LSTM can efectively characterize the nonlinear relationship between UCS and individual affecting factors and predict UCS with high accuracy.The sensitivity analysis of different affecting factors on UCS shows that all 4 factors have significant effect on UCS and sensitivity is in the following ranking:cement content(0.9264)>slurry concentration(0.9179)>aggregate gradation(waste rodk content)(0.9031)>curing time(09031).
基金This research is funded by Taif University,TURSP-2020/150.
文摘Fruit classification is found to be one of the rising fields in computer and machine vision.Many deep learning-based procedures worked out so far to classify images may have some ill-posed issues.The performance of the classification scheme depends on the range of captured images,the volume of features,types of characters,choice of features from extracted features,and type of classifiers used.This paper aims to propose a novel deep learning approach consisting of Convolution Neural Network(CNN),Recurrent Neural Network(RNN),and Long Short-TermMemory(LSTM)application to classify the fruit images.Classification accuracy depends on the extracted and selected optimal features.Deep learning applications CNN,RNN,and LSTM were collectively involved to classify the fruits.CNN is used to extract the image features.RNN is used to select the extracted optimal features and LSTM is used to classify the fruits based on extracted and selected images features by CNN and RNN.Empirical study shows the supremacy of proposed over existing Support Vector Machine(SVM),Feed-forwardNeural Network(FFNN),and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)competitive techniques for fruit images classification.The accuracy rate of the proposed approach is quite better than the SVM,FFNN,and ANFIS schemes.It has been concluded that the proposed technique outperforms existing schemes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41901117)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2020JJ5362)+1 种基金the Outstanding Youth Project of Hu’nan Provincial Education Department(No.18B001)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discover Grant.
文摘Background:Vegetation phenology research has largely focused on temperate deciduous forests,thus limiting our understanding of the response of evergreen vegetation to climate change in tropical and subtropical regions.Results:Using satellite solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)and MODIS enhanced vegetation index(EVI)data,we applied two methods to evaluate temporal and spatial patterns of the end of the growing season(EGS)in subtropical vegetation in China,and analyze the dependence of EGS on preseason maximum and minimum temperatures as well as cumulative precipitation.Our results indicated that the averaged EGS derived from the SIF and EVI based on the two methods(dynamic threshold method and derivative method)was later than that derived from gross primary productivity(GPP)based on the eddy covariance technique,and the time-lag for EGSsif and EGSevi was approximately 2 weeks and 4 weeks,respectively.We found that EGS was positively correlated with preseason minimum temperature and cumulative precipitation(accounting for more than 73%and 62%of the study areas,respectively),but negatively correlated with preseason maximum temperature(accounting for more than 59%of the study areas).In addition,EGS was more sensitive to the changes in the preseason minimum temperature than to other climatic factors,and an increase in the preseason minimum temperature significantly delayed the EGS in evergreen forests,shrub and grassland.Conclusions:Our results indicated that the SIF outperformed traditional vegetation indices in capturing the autumn photosynthetic phenology of evergreen forest in the subtropical region of China.We found that minimum temperature plays a significant role in determining autumn photosynthetic phenology in the study region.These findings contribute to improving our understanding of the response of the EGS to climate change in subtropical vegetation of China,and provide a new perspective for accurately evaluating the role played by evergreen vegetation in the regional carbon budget.
基金funded by the tropical marine meteorology fund from the Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology CMAthe National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB403500)+2 种基金SOED1108LED1002the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.11lgpy13)
文摘This study examines the seasonal variations of tropical cyclogenesis over the South China Sea (SCS) using a genesis potential (GP) index developed by Emanuel and Nolan. How different environmental factors (including low-level vorticity, mid-level relative humidity, vertical wind shear, and potential intensity) contribute to these variations is investigated. Composite anomalies of the GP index are produced for the summer and winter monsoons separately. These composites replicate the observed seasonal variations of the observed frequency and location of tropical cyclogenesis over the SCS. The degree of contribution by each factor in different regions is determined quantitatively by producing composites of modified indices in which only one of the contributing factors varies, with the others set to climatology. Over the northern SCS, potential intensity makes the largest contributions to the seasonal variations in tropical cyclogenesis. Over the southern SCS, the low-level relative vorticity plays the primary role in the seasonal modulation of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency, and the vertical wind shear plays the secondary role. Thermodynamic factors play more important roles for the seasonal variations in tropical cyclogenesis over the northern SCS, while dynamic factors are more important in the seasonal modulation of TC genesis frequency over the southern SCS.
