Nano-trace element additives, with a particle size of 1-100 nm, are absorbed directly by osmosis in animals without ion exchange. When added to the feed, they can not only promote the growth by own nutrition at the co...Nano-trace element additives, with a particle size of 1-100 nm, are absorbed directly by osmosis in animals without ion exchange. When added to the feed, they can not only promote the growth by own nutrition at the conventional size, but also greatly improve the utilization and ab-sorption rate of additives by animals. In this paper, the researches on micro-element feed additives such as nano-selenium, nano-copper, nano-zinc and nano-chromium were reviewed, which will provide basis for breeding production.展开更多
Background Ovarian follicular fluid(FF)is a dynamic environment that changes with the seasons,affecting follicle development,ovulation,and oocyte quality.Cells in the follicles release tiny particles called extracellu...Background Ovarian follicular fluid(FF)is a dynamic environment that changes with the seasons,affecting follicle development,ovulation,and oocyte quality.Cells in the follicles release tiny particles called extracellular vesicles(EVs)containing vital regulatory molecules,such as microRNAs(miRNAs).These miRNAs are pivotal in facilitating commu-nication within the follicles through diverse signaling and information transfer forms.EV-coupled miRNA signaling is implicated to be associated with ovarian function,follicle and oocyte growth and response to various environmen-tal insults.Herein,we investigated how seasonal variations directly influence the ovulatory and anovulatory states of ovarian follicles and how are they associated with follicular fluid EV-coupled miRNA dynamics in horses.Results Ultrasonographic monitoring and follicular fluid aspiration of preovulatory follicles in horses during the ano-vulatory(spring:non-breeding)and ovulatory(spring,summer,and fall:breeding)seasons and subsequent EV isola-tion and miRNA profiling identified significant variation in EV-miRNA cargo content.We identified 97 miRNAs with dif-ferential expression among the groups and specific clusters of miRNAs involved in the spring transition(miR-149,-200b,-206,-221,-328,and-615)and peak breeding period(including miR-143,-192,-451,-302b,-100,and let-7c).Bioinformatic analyses showed enrichments in various biological functions,e.g.,transcription factor activity,transcrip-tion and transcription regulation,nucleic acid binding,sequence-specific DNA binding,p53 signaling,and post-trans-lational modifications.Cluster analyses revealed distinct sets of significantly up-and down-regulated miRNAs associ-ated with spring anovulatory(Cluster 1)and summer ovulation–the peak breeding season(Clusters 4 and 6).Conclusions The findings from the current study shed light on the dynamics of FF-EV-coupled miRNAs in relation to equine ovulatory and anovulatory seasons,and their roles in understanding the mechanisms involved in seasonal shifts and ovulation during the breeding season warrant further investigation.展开更多
The probative value of animal forensic genetic evidence relies on laboratory accuracy and reliability.Inter-laboratory comparisons allow laboratories to evaluate their performance on specific tests and analyses and to...The probative value of animal forensic genetic evidence relies on laboratory accuracy and reliability.Inter-laboratory comparisons allow laboratories to evaluate their performance on specific tests and analyses and to continue to monitor their output.The International Society for Animal Genetics(ISAG)administered animal forensic comparison tests(AFCTs)in 2016 and 2018 to assess the limitations and capabilities of laboratories offering forensic identification,parentage and species determination services.The AFCTs revealed that analyses of low DNA template concentrations(≤300 pg/μL)constitute a significant challenge that has prevented many laboratories from reporting correct identification and parentage results.Moreover,a lack of familiarity with species testing protocols,interpretation guidelines and representative databases prevented over a quarter of the participating laboratories from submitting correct species determination results.Several laboratories showed improvement in their genotyping accuracy over time.However,the use of forensically validated standards,such as a standard forensic short tandem repeat(STR)kit,preferably with an allelic ladder,and stricter guidelines for STR typing,may have prevented some common issues from occurring,such as genotyping inaccuracies,missing data,elevated stutter products and loading errors.The AFCTs underscore the importance of conducting routine forensic comparison tests to allow laboratories to compare results from each other.Laboratories should keep improving their scientific and technical capabilities and continuously evaluate their personnel’s proficiency in critical techniques such as low copy number(LCN)analysis and species testing.Although this is the first time that the ISAG has conducted comparison tests for forensic testing,findings from these AFCTs may serve as the foundation for continuous improvements of the overall quality of animal forensic genetic testing.展开更多
Individuals may gather information about environmental conditions when deciding where to breed in order to maximize their lifetime fitness.They can obtain social information by observing conspecifics and heterospecifi...Individuals may gather information about environmental conditions when deciding where to breed in order to maximize their lifetime fitness.They can obtain social information by observing conspecifics and heterospecifics with similar ecological needs.Many studies have shown that birds can rely on social information to select their nest sites.The location of active nests and the reproductive success of conspecifics and heterospecifics can provide accurate predictions about the quality of the breeding habitat.Some short-lived species can facultatively reproduce two and/or more times within a breeding season.However,few studies have focused on how multiplebrooding individuals select nest sites for their second breeding attempts.In this study,we use long-term data to test whether the Japanese Tit(Parus minor)can use social information from conspecifics and/or heterospecifics(the Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea,the Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus and the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia)to select a nest site for the second breeding attempt.Our results showed that the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt tended to be surrounded by more breeding conspecific nests,successful first nests of conspecifics,and fewer failed first nests of conspecifics than the nest boxes that remained unoccupied(the control group).However,the numbers of breeding heterospecific nests,successful heterospecific nests,and failed heterospecific nests did not differ between the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt and the unoccupied nest boxes.Furthermore,the tits with local successful breeding experience tended to choose areas with more successful first nests of conspecifics than those without successful breeding experience.Thus,we suggest that conspecifics'but not heterospecifics'social information within the same breeding season is the major factor influencing the nest site selection of Japanese Tits during second breeding attempts.展开更多
Presently,integrating multi-omics information into a prediction model has become a ameliorate strategy for genomic selection to improve genomic prediction accuracy.Here,we set the genomic and transcriptomic data as th...Presently,integrating multi-omics information into a prediction model has become a ameliorate strategy for genomic selection to improve genomic prediction accuracy.Here,we set the genomic and transcriptomic data as the training population data,using BSLMM,TWAS,and eQTL mapping to prescreen features according to |β_(b)|>0,top 1%of phenotypic variation explained(PVE),expression-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms(eSNPs),and egenes(false discovery rate(FDR)<0.01),where these loci were set as extra fixed effects(named GBLUP-Fix)and random effects(GFBLUP)to improve the prediction accuracy in the validation population,respectively.The results suggested that both GBLUP-Fix and GFBLUP models could improve the accuracy of longissimus dorsi muscle(LDM),water holding capacity(WHC),shear force(SF),and pH in Huaxi cattle on average from 2.14 to 8.69%,especially the improvement of GFBLUP-TWAS over GBLUP was 13.66%for SF.These methods also captured more genetic variance than GBLUP.Our study confirmed that multi-omics-assisted large-effects loci prescreening could improve the accuracyofgenomic prediction.展开更多
At present time when climate change has negative effect on soil moisture and can decrease significantly the productivity, good agricultural practises have a high importance via their direct influence on soil propertie...At present time when climate change has negative effect on soil moisture and can decrease significantly the productivity, good agricultural practises have a high importance via their direct influence on soil properties, regimes and biodiversity. Objectives of this study have been focused on the assessment of good agricultural practises in different soil cultivation types: conventional, minimum till, mulch, no-till and organic farming. Method used was based on two case study areas where organic and/or minimal farming systems have been applied. As a control, we chose soil with traditional cultivation. In organic farm, we evaluated earthworms;their amount and status and in farm with different types of cultivation we evaluated the microbial activity to assess the biodiversity conditions. Basic soil properties and soil structure have been set to be able to assess the influence of good agricultural practises on soil environment. Our study shows positive effect of these practises on soil moisture content, biodiversity and soil structure stability. These findings can be used for further studies determining the ways of soil cultivation in harmony with nature—in sustainable way.展开更多
文摘Nano-trace element additives, with a particle size of 1-100 nm, are absorbed directly by osmosis in animals without ion exchange. When added to the feed, they can not only promote the growth by own nutrition at the conventional size, but also greatly improve the utilization and ab-sorption rate of additives by animals. In this paper, the researches on micro-element feed additives such as nano-selenium, nano-copper, nano-zinc and nano-chromium were reviewed, which will provide basis for breeding production.
基金Southern Illinois University,Carbondale,ILMinistry of Higher Education&Scientific Research,Baghdad,Iraq+2 种基金NIFA-USDA Hatch project accession#1016077(Multistate#W4171)USDAARS project 6066-31000-015-00DNIH MS-IDeA network of Biomedical Research Excellence award 5P20GMI03476-19.GMI received a PhD scholarship from the Ministry of Higher Education&Scientific Research,Baghdad,Iraq.
文摘Background Ovarian follicular fluid(FF)is a dynamic environment that changes with the seasons,affecting follicle development,ovulation,and oocyte quality.Cells in the follicles release tiny particles called extracellular vesicles(EVs)containing vital regulatory molecules,such as microRNAs(miRNAs).These miRNAs are pivotal in facilitating commu-nication within the follicles through diverse signaling and information transfer forms.EV-coupled miRNA signaling is implicated to be associated with ovarian function,follicle and oocyte growth and response to various environmen-tal insults.Herein,we investigated how seasonal variations directly influence the ovulatory and anovulatory states of ovarian follicles and how are they associated with follicular fluid EV-coupled miRNA dynamics in horses.Results Ultrasonographic monitoring and follicular fluid aspiration of preovulatory follicles in horses during the ano-vulatory(spring:non-breeding)and ovulatory(spring,summer,and fall:breeding)seasons and subsequent EV isola-tion and miRNA profiling identified significant variation in EV-miRNA cargo content.We identified 97 miRNAs with dif-ferential expression among the groups and specific clusters of miRNAs involved in the spring transition(miR-149,-200b,-206,-221,-328,and-615)and peak breeding period(including miR-143,-192,-451,-302b,-100,and let-7c).Bioinformatic analyses showed enrichments in various biological functions,e.g.,transcription factor activity,transcrip-tion and transcription regulation,nucleic acid binding,sequence-specific DNA binding,p53 signaling,and post-trans-lational modifications.Cluster analyses revealed distinct sets of significantly up-and down-regulated miRNAs associ-ated with spring anovulatory(Cluster 1)and summer ovulation–the peak breeding season(Clusters 4 and 6).Conclusions The findings from the current study shed light on the dynamics of FF-EV-coupled miRNAs in relation to equine ovulatory and anovulatory seasons,and their roles in understanding the mechanisms involved in seasonal shifts and ovulation during the breeding season warrant further investigation.
文摘The probative value of animal forensic genetic evidence relies on laboratory accuracy and reliability.Inter-laboratory comparisons allow laboratories to evaluate their performance on specific tests and analyses and to continue to monitor their output.The International Society for Animal Genetics(ISAG)administered animal forensic comparison tests(AFCTs)in 2016 and 2018 to assess the limitations and capabilities of laboratories offering forensic identification,parentage and species determination services.The AFCTs revealed that analyses of low DNA template concentrations(≤300 pg/μL)constitute a significant challenge that has prevented many laboratories from reporting correct identification and parentage results.Moreover,a lack of familiarity with species testing protocols,interpretation guidelines and representative databases prevented over a quarter of the participating laboratories from submitting correct species determination results.Several laboratories showed improvement in their genotyping accuracy over time.However,the use of forensically validated standards,such as a standard forensic short tandem repeat(STR)kit,preferably with an allelic ladder,and stricter guidelines for STR typing,may have prevented some common issues from occurring,such as genotyping inaccuracies,missing data,elevated stutter products and loading errors.The AFCTs underscore the importance of conducting routine forensic comparison tests to allow laboratories to compare results from each other.Laboratories should keep improving their scientific and technical capabilities and continuously evaluate their personnel’s proficiency in critical techniques such as low copy number(LCN)analysis and species testing.Although this is the first time that the ISAG has conducted comparison tests for forensic testing,findings from these AFCTs may serve as the foundation for continuous improvements of the overall quality of animal forensic genetic testing.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971402 to H.Wang,32001094 to J.Yu,31870368 to K.Zhang)the High-level Startup Talents Introduced Scientific Research Fund Project of Baotou Teacher's College,China(No.BTTCRCQD2024-C34)。
文摘Individuals may gather information about environmental conditions when deciding where to breed in order to maximize their lifetime fitness.They can obtain social information by observing conspecifics and heterospecifics with similar ecological needs.Many studies have shown that birds can rely on social information to select their nest sites.The location of active nests and the reproductive success of conspecifics and heterospecifics can provide accurate predictions about the quality of the breeding habitat.Some short-lived species can facultatively reproduce two and/or more times within a breeding season.However,few studies have focused on how multiplebrooding individuals select nest sites for their second breeding attempts.In this study,we use long-term data to test whether the Japanese Tit(Parus minor)can use social information from conspecifics and/or heterospecifics(the Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea,the Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus and the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia)to select a nest site for the second breeding attempt.Our results showed that the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt tended to be surrounded by more breeding conspecific nests,successful first nests of conspecifics,and fewer failed first nests of conspecifics than the nest boxes that remained unoccupied(the control group).However,the numbers of breeding heterospecific nests,successful heterospecific nests,and failed heterospecific nests did not differ between the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt and the unoccupied nest boxes.Furthermore,the tits with local successful breeding experience tended to choose areas with more successful first nests of conspecifics than those without successful breeding experience.Thus,we suggest that conspecifics'but not heterospecifics'social information within the same breeding season is the major factor influencing the nest site selection of Japanese Tits during second breeding attempts.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(31872975)the Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(2020GG0210)the Program of National Beef Cattle and Yak Industrial Technology System,China(CARS-37).
文摘Presently,integrating multi-omics information into a prediction model has become a ameliorate strategy for genomic selection to improve genomic prediction accuracy.Here,we set the genomic and transcriptomic data as the training population data,using BSLMM,TWAS,and eQTL mapping to prescreen features according to |β_(b)|>0,top 1%of phenotypic variation explained(PVE),expression-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms(eSNPs),and egenes(false discovery rate(FDR)<0.01),where these loci were set as extra fixed effects(named GBLUP-Fix)and random effects(GFBLUP)to improve the prediction accuracy in the validation population,respectively.The results suggested that both GBLUP-Fix and GFBLUP models could improve the accuracy of longissimus dorsi muscle(LDM),water holding capacity(WHC),shear force(SF),and pH in Huaxi cattle on average from 2.14 to 8.69%,especially the improvement of GFBLUP-TWAS over GBLUP was 13.66%for SF.These methods also captured more genetic variance than GBLUP.Our study confirmed that multi-omics-assisted large-effects loci prescreening could improve the accuracyofgenomic prediction.
文摘At present time when climate change has negative effect on soil moisture and can decrease significantly the productivity, good agricultural practises have a high importance via their direct influence on soil properties, regimes and biodiversity. Objectives of this study have been focused on the assessment of good agricultural practises in different soil cultivation types: conventional, minimum till, mulch, no-till and organic farming. Method used was based on two case study areas where organic and/or minimal farming systems have been applied. As a control, we chose soil with traditional cultivation. In organic farm, we evaluated earthworms;their amount and status and in farm with different types of cultivation we evaluated the microbial activity to assess the biodiversity conditions. Basic soil properties and soil structure have been set to be able to assess the influence of good agricultural practises on soil environment. Our study shows positive effect of these practises on soil moisture content, biodiversity and soil structure stability. These findings can be used for further studies determining the ways of soil cultivation in harmony with nature—in sustainable way.
