Two protected sites located on the outskirts of the Sena Oura National Park (PNSO) in West Mayo-Kebbi cover an area of 1800 m2 is pattern choose in pastoral enclave in both village. This study was undertaken to highli...Two protected sites located on the outskirts of the Sena Oura National Park (PNSO) in West Mayo-Kebbi cover an area of 1800 m2 is pattern choose in pastoral enclave in both village. This study was undertaken to highlight the floristic diversity of the herbaceous and woody vegetation on these sites in the offing to know the ability of charge into UBT that most support the park peripheral. It took place on two experimental sites on a natural course in two villages: Wazetelan and Massang. The approach used for the study was a survey using the systematic sampling method and a 30 m × 30 m plot. The survey consisted in listing all the taxa in a floristically homogeneous plot, each assigned the Braun-Blanquet dominance abundance coefficient. These surveys revealed a floristic richness of 73 species, 58 genera, including 46 herbaceous and 26 woody species. The Shannon result gives H1' = 0.12 bit for herbaceous species and H2' = 0.44 bit for woody species, meaning that the herbaceous and woody populations of all the surveys have a very low species diversity, as H' < 3 according to the Shannon index assessment threshold. Herbaceous species are divided into 13 families and 33 genera. The most represented families are Fabaceae (27.3%) and Poaceae (21.9%). Most of the other families (1.3%) have only one species, if any. Herbaceous species are divided into 33 genera grouped into 13 families. The most represented families are Fabaces (16 species), 34%, and Poaceae (12 species), 26%. The 26 woody species, most of which come from itinerant surveys, are distributed across 24 genera and 12 families, the most important of which is Fabaceae with 09 species (34.6%). This floristic assessment, in terms of quantity and quality, has enabled us to estimate the carrying capacity of the two pastoral enclaves in Dari and Goumadji cantons, and to guide the government’s actions with regard to rangeland management.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of different acupuncture-related therapies in treating postoperative pain in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs)after percutaneous kyphoplasty(...Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of different acupuncture-related therapies in treating postoperative pain in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs)after percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)or percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)using a network meta-analysis.Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,Chinese Scientific Journal Database,and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(SinoMed)from their inception to January 15,2025.Outcome measures included the Visual Analog Scale(VAS)score,Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)score,and overall efficacy rate.Literature screening,data extraction,and risk-of-bias assessment were independently performed by two researchers.Data analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 software.Results A total of 35 randomized controlled trials involving 2860 patients were included.The data analysis revealed that,in terms of improving VAS and ODI scores,the top three effective therapies were Fu's subcutaneous needling,wrist-ankle acupuncture,and acupotomy.For the overall efficacy rates in pain treatment,the top three therapies were wrist-ankle acupuncture,warm acupuncture and moxibustion,and Fu's subcutaneous needling.Based on the combined results across the three outcome measures,Fu's subcutaneous needling was found to be the most effective in relieving pain and improving lumbar function.Conclusion Fu's subcutaneous needling,wrist-ankle acupuncture,warm acupuncture and moxibustion,and acupotomy were all effective in treating postoperative pain post-PKP/PVP and improving lumbar function.However,further high-quality,large-sample studies are required to confirm these findings.展开更多
Multivisceral resection and/or pelvic exenteration represents the only potential curative treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC);however,it poses significant technical challenges,which account for the high...Multivisceral resection and/or pelvic exenteration represents the only potential curative treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC);however,it poses significant technical challenges,which account for the high risk of morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure.As complete histopathologic resection is the most important determinant of patient outcomes,LARC often requires an extended resection beyond the total mesorectal excision plane to obtain clear re-section margins.In an era when laparoscopic surgery and robot-assisted surgery are becoming commonplace,the optimal approach to extensive pelvic inter-ventions remains controversial.However,acceptance of the suitability of mini-mally invasive surgery is slowly gaining traction.Nonetheless,there is still a lack of evidence in the literature about minimally invasive approaches in multiple and extensive surgical resections,highlighting the need for research studies to explore,validate,and develop this issue.This editorial aims to provide a critical overview of the currently available applications and challenges of minimally invasive abdo-minopelvic surgery for LARC.Furthermore,we discuss recent developments in the field of robotic surgery for LARC,with a specific focus on new innovations and emerging frontiers.展开更多
In the process of concept design of offshore platforms, it is necessary to select the best from feasible alternatives through comparison and filter. The criterion set, used to evaluate and select the satisfying altern...In the process of concept design of offshore platforms, it is necessary to select the best from feasible alternatives through comparison and filter. The criterion set, used to evaluate and select the satisfying alternative, consists of many qualitative and quantitative factors. Therefore, the selection is a problem of multicriteria and semi-structural decision-making. Different from traditional methods in semi-structural decision-making, a new framework and methodology is presented in this paper for evaluation of offshore platform alternatives, First, the criterion set is established for the evaluation of alternatives. Next, the approach is studied to construct the relative membership degree matrix, in which both qualitative and quantitative factors are consistent with the uniform calculating standard. And then a new weight-assessing method is developed for calculation of the weights based on the relative membership degree matrix. Finally, a multi-hierarchy fuzzy optimum model is adopted to select the satisfying offshore platform alternative. A case study shows that the new framework and methodology are scientific, reasonable and easy to use in practice.展开更多
Objective： To study the anti-fatigue effects of salidroside in mice. Methods： Totally 120 normal male Kunming mice were randomized into 5 groups （4 salidroside intervention groups and the control group） based on b...Objective： To study the anti-fatigue effects of salidroside in mice. Methods： Totally 120 normal male Kunming mice were randomized into 5 groups （4 salidroside intervention groups and the control group） based on body weight. The control group was given distilled water and the 4 intervention groups were given various doses of salidroside （60, 180, 360, 720 mg/kg） for 15 consecutive days, respectively. The levels of lactate, serum urea nitrogen, muscle and liver glycogen, the longest swimming time and hemoglobin were determined before and after swimming test. Results： Different doses of salidroside significantly lengthened the swimming time and increased the contents of hemoglobin and muscle and liver glycogen, while reducing that of lactate in blood significantly compared with control group, especially in the 180 mg/kg salidroside group. Conclusion： Salidroside has noticeable anti-fatigue effect on mice. These effects were dose-dependent, and the strongest effect on most biomarkers was seen with an intermediate dose.展开更多
Impedance control is a well-established technique to control interaction forces in robotics. However, real implementations of impedance control with an inner loop may suffer from several limitations. In particular, th...Impedance control is a well-established technique to control interaction forces in robotics. However, real implementations of impedance control with an inner loop may suffer from several limitations. In particular, the viable range of stable stiffness and damping values can be strongly affected by the bandwidth of the inner control loops （e.g., a torque loop） as well as by the filtering and sampling frequency. This paper provides an extensive analysis on how these aspects influence the stability region of impedance parameters as well as the passivity of the system. This will be supported by both simulations and experimental data. Moreover, a methodology for designing joint impedance controllers based on an inner torque loop and a positive velocity feedback loop will be presented. The goal of the velocity feedback is to increase （given the constraints to preserve stability） the bandwidth of the torque loop without the need of a complex controller.展开更多
High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFC) possess distinct technical advantages of high output power, simplified water/heat management, increased tolerance to fuel impurities and diverse fuel sour...High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFC) possess distinct technical advantages of high output power, simplified water/heat management, increased tolerance to fuel impurities and diverse fuel sources, within the temperature range of 120–200 ℃. However, for practical automobile applications, it was crucial to broaden their low-temperature operating window and enable cold start-up capability. Herein, gel-state phosphoric acid(PA) doped sulfonated polybenzimidazole(PBI) proton exchange membranes(PEMs) were designed and synthesized via PPA sol-gel process and in-situ sultone ring-opening reactions with various proton transport pathways based on absorbed PA, flexible alkyl chain connected sulfonic acid groups and imidazole sites. The effects of flexible alkyl sulfonic acid side chain length and content on PA doping level, proton conductivity, and membrane stability under different temperature and relative humidity(RH) were thoroughly investigated. The prepared gel-state membranes contained a self-assembled lamellar and porous structure that facilitated the absorption of a large amount of PA with rapid proton transporting mechanisms. At room temperature, the optimized membrane exhibited a proton conductivity of 0.069 S cm^(-1), which was further increased to 0.162 and 0.358 S cm^(-1)at 80 and 200 ℃, respectively, without additional humidification. The most significant contribution of this work was demonstrating the feasibility of gel-state sulfonated PBI membranes in expanding HT-PEMFC application opportunities over a wider operating range of 25 to 240 ℃.展开更多
The present paper deals with the distribution patterns of heavy metals and the associated influenc- ing factors in the Yalu River Estuary and its adjacent coastal waters. Based upon the analysis of the surficial and c...The present paper deals with the distribution patterns of heavy metals and the associated influenc- ing factors in the Yalu River Estuary and its adjacent coastal waters. Based upon the analysis of the surficial and core sediments measurements, the pollution of heavy metal and potentiM ecological risk were evaluated. The burial flux and contents of heavy metals （except for copper） have been continuously increasing since the 1920s. Therefore, the gross potential ecological risk for the sedi- ments was high or very high, and the study area was endangered by heavy metals contamination. Heavy metals originated mainly from upstream pollutant input, correlation analysis showed that chromium, nickel, zinc~ cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury in the sediments of the middle and west channels as well as the sea area of the western Yalu River Estuary concentrations were most probably derived from similar sources. In contrast, the metal of copper most probably originated from sources different from the other metals. Preliminary studies indicate that copper contamina- tion was most likely the result of emission from mining activities situated at the upstream of the river. The contents of heavy metals in the sediments of estuarine turbidity maximum zone of Yalu River were larger than those of any other areas in the middle channel. With large portion of fine sediments, weaker hydrodynamics, and richer sources of heavy metals, the sediments of the west channel, were even more enriched with heavy metals than those of the middle channel.展开更多
Teleconnection between El Nino/La Nina-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） phenomenon and anomalous Antarctic sea-ice variation has been studied extensively.In this study,impacts of sea surface temperature in the Indian Oce...Teleconnection between El Nino/La Nina-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） phenomenon and anomalous Antarctic sea-ice variation has been studied extensively.In this study,impacts of sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean on Antarctic sea-ice change were investigated during Janaury 1979 and October 2009.Based on previous research results,sea areas in the western Indian Ocean （WIO;50°–70°E,10 °–20 °S） are selected for the resreach.All variables showed 1-10 year interannual timescales by Fast Founer Tranaform （FFT） transformation.Results show that i） strong WIO signals emerged in the anomalous changes of Antarctic sea-ice concentration;ii） significant positive correlations occurred around the Antarctic Peninsula,Ross Sea and its northwest peripheral sea region iii） negative correlation occurred in the Indian Ocean section of the Southern Ocean,Amundsen Seas,and the sea area over northern Ross Sea;and iv） the atmospheric anomalies associated with the WIO including wind,meridional heat flux,and surface air temperature over southern high latitudes were the possible factors for the teleconnection.展开更多
Diapycnal mixing plays an important role in the ocean circulation.Internal waves are a kind of bridge relating the diapycnal mixing to external sources of mechanical energy.Difficulty in obtaining eigen solutions of i...Diapycnal mixing plays an important role in the ocean circulation.Internal waves are a kind of bridge relating the diapycnal mixing to external sources of mechanical energy.Difficulty in obtaining eigen solutions of internal waves over curved topography is a limitation for further theoretical study on the generation problem and scattering process.In this study,a kind of transform method is put forward to derive the eigen solutions of internal waves over subcritical topography in twodimensional and linear framework.The transform converts the curved topography in physical space to flat bottom in transform space while the governing equation of internal waves is still hyperbolic if proper transform function is selected.Thus,one can obtain eigen solutions of internal waves in the transform space.Several examples of transform functions,which convert the linear slope,the convex slope,and the concave slope to flat bottom,and the corresponding eigen solutions are illustrated.A method,using a polynomial to approximate the transform function and least squares method to estimate the undetermined coefficients in the polynomial,is introduced to calculate the approximate expression of the transform function for the given subcritical topography.展开更多
Coactivators and corepressors regulate transcriptionby controlling interactions between sequence-specific transcription factors, the basal transcriptional machinery andthe chromatin environment. This review consider t...Coactivators and corepressors regulate transcriptionby controlling interactions between sequence-specific transcription factors, the basal transcriptional machinery andthe chromatin environment. This review consider the access of nuclear and steroid receptors to chromatin, theiruse of corepressors and coactivators to modify chromatinstructure and the implications for transcriptional control.The assembly of specific nucleoprotein architectures andtargeted histone modification emerge as central controlling elements for gene expression.展开更多
The undecapeptide substance P(SP) was shown to be intimately involved in both the structural and functional aspects of the anterior pituitary. Yet, in addition to its influences on hormonal secretion, SP may well poss...The undecapeptide substance P(SP) was shown to be intimately involved in both the structural and functional aspects of the anterior pituitary. Yet, in addition to its influences on hormonal secretion, SP may well possess more actions in this master gland. The present study was ftherefore aimed to investigate the effect of SP on the proliferation of rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture. It was found that SP could dose-dependently increase the ineorporation of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR)into cultured anterior pituitary cells. Other mammalian tachykinins such as neurokinin A and neurokinin B had similar effect but to varying degrees. The equipotent analogue of SP, Norleucine(11) -SP(Nle(11)-SP), also acted likewise, with its action antagonizable by spantide, a SP receptor blocker. To further characterize the nature of cells responsive to the challenge of SP, immunocytochemical staining against S-100 protein and some adenohypophyseal hormones was performed alone or plus autoradiography The results showed that the percentage of S-100 proteinimmunoreactive cells was apparently elevated by the addtion of Nle(11)-SP for 48 h, which indicates a preferential proliferation of folliculo-stellate cells under the regime. This was confirmed by increases in immunocytochemical or autoradiographical labelling indices of anterior pituitary cells treated similarly. Taken togethbr, these results reveal that the trophic action of SP observed previously in other tissues is also present at least in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells, with responding cells being predominantly folliculo-stellate cells as typified by S-100 proteinimmunoreactivity. Therefore, an intra-pituitary trophic action of SP in vivo could be anticipated.展开更多
In this paper,we present a IP_N×IP_N spectral element method and a detailed comparison with existing methods for the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equa- tions.The main purpose of this work consists of:(i)...In this paper,we present a IP_N×IP_N spectral element method and a detailed comparison with existing methods for the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equa- tions.The main purpose of this work consists of:(i) detailed comparison and discussion of some recent developments of the temporal discretizations in the frame of spectral el- ement approaches in space;(ii) construction of a stable IP_N×IP_N method together with a IP_N→IP_(N-2) post-filtering.The link of different methods will be clarified.The key feature of our method lies in that only one grid is needed for both velocity and pressure variables,which differs from most well-known solvers for the Navier-Stokes equations. Although not yet proven by rigorous theoretical analysis,the stability and accuracy of this one-grid spectral method are demonstrated by a series of numerical experiments.展开更多
Magnetic fields are observed everywhere in the universe. In this review, we concentrate on the observational aspects of the magnetic fields of Galactic and extragalactic objects. Readers can follow the milestones in t...Magnetic fields are observed everywhere in the universe. In this review, we concentrate on the observational aspects of the magnetic fields of Galactic and extragalactic objects. Readers can follow the milestones in the observations of cosmic magnetic fields obtained from the most important tracers of magnetic fields, namely, the star-light polarization, the Zeeman effect, the rotation measures (RMs, hereafter) of extragalactic radio sources, the pulsar RMs, radio polarization observations, as well as the newly implemented sub-mm and mm polarization capabilities. The magnetic field of the Galaxy was first discovered in 1949 by optical polarization observations. The local magnetic fields within one or two kpc have been well delineated by starlight polarization data. The polarization observations of diffuse Galactic radio background emission in 1962 confirmed unequivocally the existence of a Galactic magnetic field. The bulk of the present information about the magnetic fields in the Galaxy comes from analysis of rotation measures of extragalactic radio sources and pulsars, which can be used to construct the 3-D magnetic field structure in the Galactic halo and Galactic disk. Radio synchrotron spurs in the Galactic center show a poloidal field, and the polarization mapping of dust emission and Zeeman observation in the central molecular zone reveal a toroidal magnetic field parallel to the Galactic plane. For nearby galaxies, both optical polarization and multifrequency radio polarization data clearly show the large-scale magnetic field following the spiral arms or dust lanes. For more distant objects, radio polarization is the only approach available to show the magnetic fields in the jets or lobes of radio galaxies or quasars. Clusters of galaxies also contain widely distributed magnetic fields, which are reflected by radio halos or the RM distribution of background objects. The intergalactic space could have been magnetized by outflows or galactic superwinds even in the early universe. The Zeeman effect and polarization of sub-mm and mm emission can be used for the study of magnetic fields in some Galactic molecular clouds but it is observed only at high intensity. Both approaches together can clearly show the role that magnetic fields play in star formation and cloud structure, which in principle would be analogous to galaxy formation from protogalactic clouds. The origin of the cosmic magnetic fields is an active field of research. A primordial magnetic field has not been as yet directly detected, but itsexistence must be considered to give the seed field necessary for many amplification processes that have been developed. Possibly, the magnetic fields were generated in protogalactic plasma clouds by the dynamo process, and maintained again by the dynamo after galaxies were formed.展开更多
A new solid waste disposal technology setup with DC are plasma is presented. Being different from conventional combustion or burning such as incineration, it is based on a process called controlled high-temperature py...A new solid waste disposal technology setup with DC are plasma is presented. Being different from conventional combustion or burning such as incineration, it is based on a process called controlled high-temperature pyrolysis, the thermal destruction and recovery process. The results of vitrification of the circuit board is presented. The properties of vitrified product including hardness and leaching test results are presented. The final product (vitrified material) and air emission from the plasma treatment is environmentally acceptable.展开更多
The effects of vacancy defects on the thermal conductivity of Ge thin films were investigated by employing molecular dynamics （MD） simula- tions and theoretical analysis based on the Boltzmann equation. Both the MD ...The effects of vacancy defects on the thermal conductivity of Ge thin films were investigated by employing molecular dynamics （MD） simula- tions and theoretical analysis based on the Boltzmann equation. Both the MD and theoretical results show that the lattice thermal conductivity dramatically decreases with the increasing of vacancy concentration at 400 and 500 K. In addition, the dependence of vacancy concentration on the thermal conductivity of Ge thin films becomes less sensitive as the temperature increases. Theoretical results also confirm that the major part of the lattice thermal conductivity reduction is associated with the point-defect scattering and phonon-phonon scattering processes.展开更多
The proposed algorithm for reflectance measured with optical glass has been verified with materials of various forms. The reflectances measured with optical glass ( raw), without glass (true) and corrected by the algo...The proposed algorithm for reflectance measured with optical glass has been verified with materials of various forms. The reflectances measured with optical glass ( raw), without glass (true) and corrected by the algorithm are compared. The results show that the corrected reflectance agrees very well with true one and their color differences fall below the acceptable limit, which indicates the validity of the correction algorithm. The algorithm could be used not only for fiber-forming materials, but also for powder-forming, granulate-forming, etc.展开更多
In offshore tubular structures, a typical tubular joint may be subjected to three different types of basic loadings: axial, in-plane bending and out-of-plane bending, through its brace members. Each type will cause a ...In offshore tubular structures, a typical tubular joint may be subjected to three different types of basic loadings: axial, in-plane bending and out-of-plane bending, through its brace members. Each type will cause a different stress distribution at the joint intersection of structures. Moreover, the actual load condition of a tubular joint can be any combination of the above three basic load cases, for this reason, a combined loading was investigated in addition to these three basic loadings. This load is composed of an axial loading combined with a continuation of rotational bending loading obtained while rotate center of the brace around a circle. Different types of planar joints such as T, Y, X, K, DT, DY, DX, TY, TK, DTX, DTDY, and DTDK, with braces subjected to combined loading, were numerically analyzed to study the effect of those different cases of loading and different types of joints, on the stress concentration zone and values.展开更多
Caspase-8 （CASPS） plays a key role in apoptosis. We examined by genotyping whether the -652 six-nucleotide insertion-deletion （6N ins/del） polymorphism in the CASP8 promoter region was associated with prostate can...Caspase-8 （CASPS） plays a key role in apoptosis. We examined by genotyping whether the -652 six-nucleotide insertion-deletion （6N ins/del） polymorphism in the CASP8 promoter region was associated with prostate cancer risk in a hospital-based case-control study of 406 Chinese prostate cancer patients and 408 age-matched cancerfree controls. Additionally, 23 prostate cancer tissues were analyzed for CASP8 mRNA expression. We found a significantly decreased prostate cancer risk for the 6N ins/del genotype [adjusted odds ratio （OR）=0.68; 95% confidence interval （C/）=0.51-0.92] and del/del genotype （OR=0.34; 95% CI=0.19-0.63） compared with the ins/ins genotype. The 6N del allele was associated dose-dependently with decreased prostate cancer risk （Ptrend = 0.001）. RT-PCR showed that individuals with the 6N del allele had lower CASP8 mRNA levels than those with the ins/ ins genotype （P = 0.024）. These findings suggested that the CASPS-652 6N ins/del polymorphism may affect the susceptibility to prostate cancer and reduce prostate cancer risk among Chinese men.展开更多
The sunflower has the potential to be a highly competitive crop owing to its diversity market and the valuable oil it produces.Nevertheless,the amount of sunflower seed oil-a key factor for the crushing industry-is af...The sunflower has the potential to be a highly competitive crop owing to its diversity market and the valuable oil it produces.Nevertheless,the amount of sunflower seed oil-a key factor for the crushing industry-is affected by genotype and environment,which sometimes is difficult to predict.The paper analyzes the theoretical principles of sunflower growth in Ukraine,highlights the current trends in the sowing of this crop,the influence of climatic factors of the environment on the prospects of the oilseed sunflower yield.The results of the research are presented for 3 years(2014-2016),during the authors conducted a grain quality observatory at the regional level,taking into account the climatic conditions of sunflower growth in different natural zones of Ukraine(from 45to 51north latitude and from 22to 37east longitude).Additionally,the research includes the coefficient of significance of the deviation from long-term climatic indicators,which makes it possible to forecast sunflower yield in the future.The analyzed data was obtained from the commercial fields with a minimum area of 40 ha in all Ukrainian regions except Crimea peninsula,Donetsk and Luhansk regions.The results obtained in research show the great diversity of oil content index as per both latitude and longitude meaning.If we consider the entire country,this survey shows that the seed oil content can change dramatically from year to year:e.g.47.5%in one year versus 45.7%in another year.Regionally,these changes have a completely different dynamic with a gradual decrease in seed oil content in the southern part of the country.The main goal of the research was to identify the best sunflower growing areas in Ukraine according to the oil content index.展开更多
文摘Two protected sites located on the outskirts of the Sena Oura National Park (PNSO) in West Mayo-Kebbi cover an area of 1800 m2 is pattern choose in pastoral enclave in both village. This study was undertaken to highlight the floristic diversity of the herbaceous and woody vegetation on these sites in the offing to know the ability of charge into UBT that most support the park peripheral. It took place on two experimental sites on a natural course in two villages: Wazetelan and Massang. The approach used for the study was a survey using the systematic sampling method and a 30 m × 30 m plot. The survey consisted in listing all the taxa in a floristically homogeneous plot, each assigned the Braun-Blanquet dominance abundance coefficient. These surveys revealed a floristic richness of 73 species, 58 genera, including 46 herbaceous and 26 woody species. The Shannon result gives H1' = 0.12 bit for herbaceous species and H2' = 0.44 bit for woody species, meaning that the herbaceous and woody populations of all the surveys have a very low species diversity, as H' < 3 according to the Shannon index assessment threshold. Herbaceous species are divided into 13 families and 33 genera. The most represented families are Fabaceae (27.3%) and Poaceae (21.9%). Most of the other families (1.3%) have only one species, if any. Herbaceous species are divided into 33 genera grouped into 13 families. The most represented families are Fabaces (16 species), 34%, and Poaceae (12 species), 26%. The 26 woody species, most of which come from itinerant surveys, are distributed across 24 genera and 12 families, the most important of which is Fabaceae with 09 species (34.6%). This floristic assessment, in terms of quantity and quality, has enabled us to estimate the carrying capacity of the two pastoral enclaves in Dari and Goumadji cantons, and to guide the government’s actions with regard to rangeland management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82305273)the Central High-Level Clinical Research Fund for Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals(DZMG-QNGG0010).
文摘Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of different acupuncture-related therapies in treating postoperative pain in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs)after percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)or percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)using a network meta-analysis.Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,Chinese Scientific Journal Database,and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(SinoMed)from their inception to January 15,2025.Outcome measures included the Visual Analog Scale(VAS)score,Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)score,and overall efficacy rate.Literature screening,data extraction,and risk-of-bias assessment were independently performed by two researchers.Data analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 software.Results A total of 35 randomized controlled trials involving 2860 patients were included.The data analysis revealed that,in terms of improving VAS and ODI scores,the top three effective therapies were Fu's subcutaneous needling,wrist-ankle acupuncture,and acupotomy.For the overall efficacy rates in pain treatment,the top three therapies were wrist-ankle acupuncture,warm acupuncture and moxibustion,and Fu's subcutaneous needling.Based on the combined results across the three outcome measures,Fu's subcutaneous needling was found to be the most effective in relieving pain and improving lumbar function.Conclusion Fu's subcutaneous needling,wrist-ankle acupuncture,warm acupuncture and moxibustion,and acupotomy were all effective in treating postoperative pain post-PKP/PVP and improving lumbar function.However,further high-quality,large-sample studies are required to confirm these findings.
文摘Multivisceral resection and/or pelvic exenteration represents the only potential curative treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC);however,it poses significant technical challenges,which account for the high risk of morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure.As complete histopathologic resection is the most important determinant of patient outcomes,LARC often requires an extended resection beyond the total mesorectal excision plane to obtain clear re-section margins.In an era when laparoscopic surgery and robot-assisted surgery are becoming commonplace,the optimal approach to extensive pelvic inter-ventions remains controversial.However,acceptance of the suitability of mini-mally invasive surgery is slowly gaining traction.Nonetheless,there is still a lack of evidence in the literature about minimally invasive approaches in multiple and extensive surgical resections,highlighting the need for research studies to explore,validate,and develop this issue.This editorial aims to provide a critical overview of the currently available applications and challenges of minimally invasive abdo-minopelvic surgery for LARC.Furthermore,we discuss recent developments in the field of robotic surgery for LARC,with a specific focus on new innovations and emerging frontiers.
基金The work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 59179376)
文摘In the process of concept design of offshore platforms, it is necessary to select the best from feasible alternatives through comparison and filter. The criterion set, used to evaluate and select the satisfying alternative, consists of many qualitative and quantitative factors. Therefore, the selection is a problem of multicriteria and semi-structural decision-making. Different from traditional methods in semi-structural decision-making, a new framework and methodology is presented in this paper for evaluation of offshore platform alternatives, First, the criterion set is established for the evaluation of alternatives. Next, the approach is studied to construct the relative membership degree matrix, in which both qualitative and quantitative factors are consistent with the uniform calculating standard. And then a new weight-assessing method is developed for calculation of the weights based on the relative membership degree matrix. Finally, a multi-hierarchy fuzzy optimum model is adopted to select the satisfying offshore platform alternative. A case study shows that the new framework and methodology are scientific, reasonable and easy to use in practice.
基金the Foundation of the Gym Sport Bureau of Shanghai (04JT017)
文摘Objective： To study the anti-fatigue effects of salidroside in mice. Methods： Totally 120 normal male Kunming mice were randomized into 5 groups （4 salidroside intervention groups and the control group） based on body weight. The control group was given distilled water and the 4 intervention groups were given various doses of salidroside （60, 180, 360, 720 mg/kg） for 15 consecutive days, respectively. The levels of lactate, serum urea nitrogen, muscle and liver glycogen, the longest swimming time and hemoglobin were determined before and after swimming test. Results： Different doses of salidroside significantly lengthened the swimming time and increased the contents of hemoglobin and muscle and liver glycogen, while reducing that of lactate in blood significantly compared with control group, especially in the 180 mg/kg salidroside group. Conclusion： Salidroside has noticeable anti-fatigue effect on mice. These effects were dose-dependent, and the strongest effect on most biomarkers was seen with an intermediate dose.
基金This work was supported by the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, and Dr. J. Buchli was supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation professorship.
文摘Impedance control is a well-established technique to control interaction forces in robotics. However, real implementations of impedance control with an inner loop may suffer from several limitations. In particular, the viable range of stable stiffness and damping values can be strongly affected by the bandwidth of the inner control loops （e.g., a torque loop） as well as by the filtering and sampling frequency. This paper provides an extensive analysis on how these aspects influence the stability region of impedance parameters as well as the passivity of the system. This will be supported by both simulations and experimental data. Moreover, a methodology for designing joint impedance controllers based on an inner torque loop and a positive velocity feedback loop will be presented. The goal of the velocity feedback is to increase （given the constraints to preserve stability） the bandwidth of the torque loop without the need of a complex controller.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-22209147)。
文摘High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFC) possess distinct technical advantages of high output power, simplified water/heat management, increased tolerance to fuel impurities and diverse fuel sources, within the temperature range of 120–200 ℃. However, for practical automobile applications, it was crucial to broaden their low-temperature operating window and enable cold start-up capability. Herein, gel-state phosphoric acid(PA) doped sulfonated polybenzimidazole(PBI) proton exchange membranes(PEMs) were designed and synthesized via PPA sol-gel process and in-situ sultone ring-opening reactions with various proton transport pathways based on absorbed PA, flexible alkyl chain connected sulfonic acid groups and imidazole sites. The effects of flexible alkyl sulfonic acid side chain length and content on PA doping level, proton conductivity, and membrane stability under different temperature and relative humidity(RH) were thoroughly investigated. The prepared gel-state membranes contained a self-assembled lamellar and porous structure that facilitated the absorption of a large amount of PA with rapid proton transporting mechanisms. At room temperature, the optimized membrane exhibited a proton conductivity of 0.069 S cm^(-1), which was further increased to 0.162 and 0.358 S cm^(-1)at 80 and 200 ℃, respectively, without additional humidification. The most significant contribution of this work was demonstrating the feasibility of gel-state sulfonated PBI membranes in expanding HT-PEMFC application opportunities over a wider operating range of 25 to 240 ℃.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 40976051,40976036,40871019,40506022and 40506013
文摘The present paper deals with the distribution patterns of heavy metals and the associated influenc- ing factors in the Yalu River Estuary and its adjacent coastal waters. Based upon the analysis of the surficial and core sediments measurements, the pollution of heavy metal and potentiM ecological risk were evaluated. The burial flux and contents of heavy metals （except for copper） have been continuously increasing since the 1920s. Therefore, the gross potential ecological risk for the sedi- ments was high or very high, and the study area was endangered by heavy metals contamination. Heavy metals originated mainly from upstream pollutant input, correlation analysis showed that chromium, nickel, zinc~ cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury in the sediments of the middle and west channels as well as the sea area of the western Yalu River Estuary concentrations were most probably derived from similar sources. In contrast, the metal of copper most probably originated from sources different from the other metals. Preliminary studies indicate that copper contamina- tion was most likely the result of emission from mining activities situated at the upstream of the river. The contents of heavy metals in the sediments of estuarine turbidity maximum zone of Yalu River were larger than those of any other areas in the middle channel. With large portion of fine sediments, weaker hydrodynamics, and richer sources of heavy metals, the sediments of the west channel, were even more enriched with heavy metals than those of the middle channel.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under contract No. 2010CB950301the National Nature Science Foundation of China (40706015)+1 种基金Special Fund Basic Research and Operating Expenses under contract No. 2010T01National Key Technology R&D Program of China under contract No.2011BAC03B02
文摘Teleconnection between El Nino/La Nina-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） phenomenon and anomalous Antarctic sea-ice variation has been studied extensively.In this study,impacts of sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean on Antarctic sea-ice change were investigated during Janaury 1979 and October 2009.Based on previous research results,sea areas in the western Indian Ocean （WIO;50°–70°E,10 °–20 °S） are selected for the resreach.All variables showed 1-10 year interannual timescales by Fast Founer Tranaform （FFT） transformation.Results show that i） strong WIO signals emerged in the anomalous changes of Antarctic sea-ice concentration;ii） significant positive correlations occurred around the Antarctic Peninsula,Ross Sea and its northwest peripheral sea region iii） negative correlation occurred in the Indian Ocean section of the Southern Ocean,Amundsen Seas,and the sea area over northern Ross Sea;and iv） the atmospheric anomalies associated with the WIO including wind,meridional heat flux,and surface air temperature over southern high latitudes were the possible factors for the teleconnection.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China under contract No. 40876015the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) under contract No. 2008AA09A402
文摘Diapycnal mixing plays an important role in the ocean circulation.Internal waves are a kind of bridge relating the diapycnal mixing to external sources of mechanical energy.Difficulty in obtaining eigen solutions of internal waves over curved topography is a limitation for further theoretical study on the generation problem and scattering process.In this study,a kind of transform method is put forward to derive the eigen solutions of internal waves over subcritical topography in twodimensional and linear framework.The transform converts the curved topography in physical space to flat bottom in transform space while the governing equation of internal waves is still hyperbolic if proper transform function is selected.Thus,one can obtain eigen solutions of internal waves in the transform space.Several examples of transform functions,which convert the linear slope,the convex slope,and the concave slope to flat bottom,and the corresponding eigen solutions are illustrated.A method,using a polynomial to approximate the transform function and least squares method to estimate the undetermined coefficients in the polynomial,is introduced to calculate the approximate expression of the transform function for the given subcritical topography.
文摘Coactivators and corepressors regulate transcriptionby controlling interactions between sequence-specific transcription factors, the basal transcriptional machinery andthe chromatin environment. This review consider the access of nuclear and steroid receptors to chromatin, theiruse of corepressors and coactivators to modify chromatinstructure and the implications for transcriptional control.The assembly of specific nucleoprotein architectures andtargeted histone modification emerge as central controlling elements for gene expression.
文摘The undecapeptide substance P(SP) was shown to be intimately involved in both the structural and functional aspects of the anterior pituitary. Yet, in addition to its influences on hormonal secretion, SP may well possess more actions in this master gland. The present study was ftherefore aimed to investigate the effect of SP on the proliferation of rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture. It was found that SP could dose-dependently increase the ineorporation of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR)into cultured anterior pituitary cells. Other mammalian tachykinins such as neurokinin A and neurokinin B had similar effect but to varying degrees. The equipotent analogue of SP, Norleucine(11) -SP(Nle(11)-SP), also acted likewise, with its action antagonizable by spantide, a SP receptor blocker. To further characterize the nature of cells responsive to the challenge of SP, immunocytochemical staining against S-100 protein and some adenohypophyseal hormones was performed alone or plus autoradiography The results showed that the percentage of S-100 proteinimmunoreactive cells was apparently elevated by the addtion of Nle(11)-SP for 48 h, which indicates a preferential proliferation of folliculo-stellate cells under the regime. This was confirmed by increases in immunocytochemical or autoradiographical labelling indices of anterior pituitary cells treated similarly. Taken togethbr, these results reveal that the trophic action of SP observed previously in other tissues is also present at least in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells, with responding cells being predominantly folliculo-stellate cells as typified by S-100 proteinimmunoreactivity. Therefore, an intra-pituitary trophic action of SP in vivo could be anticipated.
基金partially supported by National NSF of China under Grant 10602049The research of the second author was partially supported by National NSF of China under Grant 10531080+1 种基金the Excellent Young Teachers Program by the Ministry of Education of China973 High Performance Scientific Computation Research Program 2005CB321703.
文摘In this paper,we present a IP_N×IP_N spectral element method and a detailed comparison with existing methods for the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equa- tions.The main purpose of this work consists of:(i) detailed comparison and discussion of some recent developments of the temporal discretizations in the frame of spectral el- ement approaches in space;(ii) construction of a stable IP_N×IP_N method together with a IP_N→IP_(N-2) post-filtering.The link of different methods will be clarified.The key feature of our method lies in that only one grid is needed for both velocity and pressure variables,which differs from most well-known solvers for the Navier-Stokes equations. Although not yet proven by rigorous theoretical analysis,the stability and accuracy of this one-grid spectral method are demonstrated by a series of numerical experiments.
文摘Magnetic fields are observed everywhere in the universe. In this review, we concentrate on the observational aspects of the magnetic fields of Galactic and extragalactic objects. Readers can follow the milestones in the observations of cosmic magnetic fields obtained from the most important tracers of magnetic fields, namely, the star-light polarization, the Zeeman effect, the rotation measures (RMs, hereafter) of extragalactic radio sources, the pulsar RMs, radio polarization observations, as well as the newly implemented sub-mm and mm polarization capabilities. The magnetic field of the Galaxy was first discovered in 1949 by optical polarization observations. The local magnetic fields within one or two kpc have been well delineated by starlight polarization data. The polarization observations of diffuse Galactic radio background emission in 1962 confirmed unequivocally the existence of a Galactic magnetic field. The bulk of the present information about the magnetic fields in the Galaxy comes from analysis of rotation measures of extragalactic radio sources and pulsars, which can be used to construct the 3-D magnetic field structure in the Galactic halo and Galactic disk. Radio synchrotron spurs in the Galactic center show a poloidal field, and the polarization mapping of dust emission and Zeeman observation in the central molecular zone reveal a toroidal magnetic field parallel to the Galactic plane. For nearby galaxies, both optical polarization and multifrequency radio polarization data clearly show the large-scale magnetic field following the spiral arms or dust lanes. For more distant objects, radio polarization is the only approach available to show the magnetic fields in the jets or lobes of radio galaxies or quasars. Clusters of galaxies also contain widely distributed magnetic fields, which are reflected by radio halos or the RM distribution of background objects. The intergalactic space could have been magnetized by outflows or galactic superwinds even in the early universe. The Zeeman effect and polarization of sub-mm and mm emission can be used for the study of magnetic fields in some Galactic molecular clouds but it is observed only at high intensity. Both approaches together can clearly show the role that magnetic fields play in star formation and cloud structure, which in principle would be analogous to galaxy formation from protogalactic clouds. The origin of the cosmic magnetic fields is an active field of research. A primordial magnetic field has not been as yet directly detected, but itsexistence must be considered to give the seed field necessary for many amplification processes that have been developed. Possibly, the magnetic fields were generated in protogalactic plasma clouds by the dynamo process, and maintained again by the dynamo after galaxies were formed.
基金The project supported by Science and Technology Fund of Anhui Province(No.3045105)
文摘A new solid waste disposal technology setup with DC are plasma is presented. Being different from conventional combustion or burning such as incineration, it is based on a process called controlled high-temperature pyrolysis, the thermal destruction and recovery process. The results of vitrification of the circuit board is presented. The properties of vitrified product including hardness and leaching test results are presented. The final product (vitrified material) and air emission from the plasma treatment is environmentally acceptable.
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in the Universities of the Ministry of Education of China (No. IRT0520)
文摘The effects of vacancy defects on the thermal conductivity of Ge thin films were investigated by employing molecular dynamics （MD） simula- tions and theoretical analysis based on the Boltzmann equation. Both the MD and theoretical results show that the lattice thermal conductivity dramatically decreases with the increasing of vacancy concentration at 400 and 500 K. In addition, the dependence of vacancy concentration on the thermal conductivity of Ge thin films becomes less sensitive as the temperature increases. Theoretical results also confirm that the major part of the lattice thermal conductivity reduction is associated with the point-defect scattering and phonon-phonon scattering processes.
文摘The proposed algorithm for reflectance measured with optical glass has been verified with materials of various forms. The reflectances measured with optical glass ( raw), without glass (true) and corrected by the algorithm are compared. The results show that the corrected reflectance agrees very well with true one and their color differences fall below the acceptable limit, which indicates the validity of the correction algorithm. The algorithm could be used not only for fiber-forming materials, but also for powder-forming, granulate-forming, etc.
文摘In offshore tubular structures, a typical tubular joint may be subjected to three different types of basic loadings: axial, in-plane bending and out-of-plane bending, through its brace members. Each type will cause a different stress distribution at the joint intersection of structures. Moreover, the actual load condition of a tubular joint can be any combination of the above three basic load cases, for this reason, a combined loading was investigated in addition to these three basic loadings. This load is composed of an axial loading combined with a continuation of rotational bending loading obtained while rotate center of the brace around a circle. Different types of planar joints such as T, Y, X, K, DT, DY, DX, TY, TK, DTX, DTDY, and DTDK, with braces subjected to combined loading, were numerically analyzed to study the effect of those different cases of loading and different types of joints, on the stress concentration zone and values.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30872084 and No. 30972444)the Key Programfor Basic Research of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education (No.08KJA330001)"Qinglan Project" Foundation for the Young Academic Leader of Jiangsu Province (Zhengdong Zhang)
文摘Caspase-8 （CASPS） plays a key role in apoptosis. We examined by genotyping whether the -652 six-nucleotide insertion-deletion （6N ins/del） polymorphism in the CASP8 promoter region was associated with prostate cancer risk in a hospital-based case-control study of 406 Chinese prostate cancer patients and 408 age-matched cancerfree controls. Additionally, 23 prostate cancer tissues were analyzed for CASP8 mRNA expression. We found a significantly decreased prostate cancer risk for the 6N ins/del genotype [adjusted odds ratio （OR）=0.68; 95% confidence interval （C/）=0.51-0.92] and del/del genotype （OR=0.34; 95% CI=0.19-0.63） compared with the ins/ins genotype. The 6N del allele was associated dose-dependently with decreased prostate cancer risk （Ptrend = 0.001）. RT-PCR showed that individuals with the 6N del allele had lower CASP8 mRNA levels than those with the ins/ ins genotype （P = 0.024）. These findings suggested that the CASPS-652 6N ins/del polymorphism may affect the susceptibility to prostate cancer and reduce prostate cancer risk among Chinese men.
文摘The sunflower has the potential to be a highly competitive crop owing to its diversity market and the valuable oil it produces.Nevertheless,the amount of sunflower seed oil-a key factor for the crushing industry-is affected by genotype and environment,which sometimes is difficult to predict.The paper analyzes the theoretical principles of sunflower growth in Ukraine,highlights the current trends in the sowing of this crop,the influence of climatic factors of the environment on the prospects of the oilseed sunflower yield.The results of the research are presented for 3 years(2014-2016),during the authors conducted a grain quality observatory at the regional level,taking into account the climatic conditions of sunflower growth in different natural zones of Ukraine(from 45to 51north latitude and from 22to 37east longitude).Additionally,the research includes the coefficient of significance of the deviation from long-term climatic indicators,which makes it possible to forecast sunflower yield in the future.The analyzed data was obtained from the commercial fields with a minimum area of 40 ha in all Ukrainian regions except Crimea peninsula,Donetsk and Luhansk regions.The results obtained in research show the great diversity of oil content index as per both latitude and longitude meaning.If we consider the entire country,this survey shows that the seed oil content can change dramatically from year to year:e.g.47.5%in one year versus 45.7%in another year.Regionally,these changes have a completely different dynamic with a gradual decrease in seed oil content in the southern part of the country.The main goal of the research was to identify the best sunflower growing areas in Ukraine according to the oil content index.
