This editorial comments on the study by Tao et al,emphasizing the scalable diagnostic tool for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Classical indices such as...This editorial comments on the study by Tao et al,emphasizing the scalable diagnostic tool for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Classical indices such as the fatty liver index(FLI),hepatic steatosis index(HSI),and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-liver fat score have provided valuable insights.Still,their predictive accuracy often varies across populations and clinical settings.In Western cohorts,FLI and HSI are widely applied,yet they depend heavily on anthropometric or categorical variables,which limits their sensitivity in Asian populations.The Zhejiang University index(ZJU index),developed in China,integrates fasting glucose,triglycerides,hepatic enzyme ratios,and body mass index into a composite score of insulin resistance.Recent studies show that the ZJU index outperforms FLI and HSI in predicting MASLD among Chinese patients,particularly those with T2DM,where it demonstrates a nonlinear association with disease risk and identifies a critical threshold of 38.87.The ZJU index links to conditions like sarcopenia,sleep apnea,and gallstones,showing its versatility in metabolic health.This editorial compares its performance with other indices and emphasizes the ZJU index as a nextgeneration tool for MASLD risk stratification globally.展开更多
This paper deals with the issues involved during the design of a complex gymnasium located at the new campus of Zhejiang University. The complexity comes from the gymnasium’s being of three parts: long-span membrane ...This paper deals with the issues involved during the design of a complex gymnasium located at the new campus of Zhejiang University. The complexity comes from the gymnasium’s being of three parts: long-span membrane structure, prestressed concrete structure and extraordinarily long tubular steel structure without seams. The paper first presents considera- tions of the prestress design, followed by analyses of the stress states due to temperature changes and concrete shrinkage. Buckling and postbuckling analyses were performed to determine the load-carrying capacity of the perfect and imperfect tubular steel structure of the inclined arch system, while dynamic relaxation method and general nonlinear finite element analysis were used to carry out shape-finding and stress analyses of the membrane structure respectively. Finally, collated monitoring date was applied to control the construction quality and verify the design parameters. Some useful conclusions are available at the end of the paper.展开更多
OverviewThe Research Lab on 3D Bioprinting of Zhejiang University focuses on developing innovative 3D bioprinting equipment and technology for healthcare and biomedical applications, since founded in 2017. To further ...OverviewThe Research Lab on 3D Bioprinting of Zhejiang University focuses on developing innovative 3D bioprinting equipment and technology for healthcare and biomedical applications, since founded in 2017. To further enhance the international collaboration, a joint international research lab on 3D bioprinting of Zhejiang University and University of Oxford was set up. The lab is based on the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems and the Oxford Centre for Tissue Engineering and Bioprocessing. The aim of the lab is to establish a world class research and development platform on 3D bioprinting. The lab has extensive and close collaborations with University of Oxford, University College London and multidisciplinary partners of Zhejiang University.展开更多
In 1978, Professor Songshou Jin, a Chinese prestigious physical chemist, established Institute of Catalysis, Hangzhou University, the forerunner of Institute of Catalysis, Zhejiang University. In 1998, the current Ins...In 1978, Professor Songshou Jin, a Chinese prestigious physical chemist, established Institute of Catalysis, Hangzhou University, the forerunner of Institute of Catalysis, Zhejiang University. In 1998, the current Institute of Catalysis was re-established through the merger of Zhejiang University and Hangzhou University et al. During the past forty years, researchers in Institute of Catalysis had always paid much attention to the combination of fundamental researches and industrial applications under the lead of Songshou Jin, Xiaoming Zheng, Weimin Lu, Hui Lou, and Yong Wang. The major research interest includes:(1) basic application research and exploitation of catalysts and catalytic process regarding conversion of biomass, methane, syngas and carbon dioxide;(2) development of catalysts and reaction apparatus for industrial hazardous gas, indoor gas, vehicle emissions and oil smoke from hotels and restaurants;(3) synthesis, characterization of functional materials and their applications in the green synthesis in fields of medicine, pesticide and fine chemical;(4) heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic reaction kinetics and surface chemistry;(5) catalytic researches regarding military project.展开更多
Zhejiang University is home to 1700 young faculty members and scholars,who serve as the backbone driving the university's future academic innovation and development.To foster the growth and academic progress of th...Zhejiang University is home to 1700 young faculty members and scholars,who serve as the backbone driving the university's future academic innovation and development.To foster the growth and academic progress of these young scholars,the Academic Committee of Zhejiang University launched the“Top 10 Academic Advances of Young Scholars at Zhejiang University”project in January 2023.展开更多
The open-source movement profoundly impacts the development of computer education.The current requirements for postgraduate cultivation in Chinese universities mainly include publishing papers,applying for patents,win...The open-source movement profoundly impacts the development of computer education.The current requirements for postgraduate cultivation in Chinese universities mainly include publishing papers,applying for patents,winning awards,and conducting research projects,which demonstrate the capabilities of students when they graduate from university.However,in today’s prevalent open-source culture,these types of assessments are still not comprehensive enough for postgraduate cultivation,especially for professional postgraduate degrees.For this reason,Zhejiang University takes the lead in proposing educational reforms for postgraduate cultivation based on the open-source ecosystem.It has implemented a new“trinity”mechanism(i.e.,open-source course,open-source training,and open-source capability evaluation)for graduate training centered on open source,serving as a novel supplement to the traditional methods of postgraduate cultivation.After a year of pilot operation,this new approach,deeply loved by teachers and students,has achieved good results and positive feedback.展开更多
The College of Life Sciences (CLS) remains one of the most prestigious—and the oldest—colleges in Zhejiang University. This special issue, which includes 16 reviews contributed by our alumni and faculties, is dedica...The College of Life Sciences (CLS) remains one of the most prestigious—and the oldest—colleges in Zhejiang University. This special issue, which includes 16 reviews contributed by our alumni and faculties, is dedicated to mark the 90th Anniversary of CLS.展开更多
Practice education is an important part of application-oriented higher education. Yet it poses many challenges when the design of practice education is questioned concerning whether it actually fulfills the education ...Practice education is an important part of application-oriented higher education. Yet it poses many challenges when the design of practice education is questioned concerning whether it actually fulfills the education purpose for high quality future professionals. This paper thus introduces an innovated ＂base＂-driven model of practice education in Zhejiang University City College in China, with a purpose to provide empirical experiences that may be valuable for the decision-making of practice education design in higher education institutions. The paper progresses by examining the philosophy of its innovated model, discussing the framework, and further highlights a strategic consideration when designing practice education activities in higher education institutions.展开更多
Founded in 1897 and one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in China,Zhejiang University has the reputation as"Cambridge of the East."It has always been one of the top universities in China,in term...Founded in 1897 and one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in China,Zhejiang University has the reputation as"Cambridge of the East."It has always been one of the top universities in China,in terms of its comprehensive academic strength in teaching,research and facilities.In September of 1998,a new Zhejiang University was established on the basis of amalgamation of the four former individual universities,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou University,Zhejiang Agricultural University and Zhejiang Medical University,all located in the garden city of Hangzhou.Endowed with a pleasant climate,picturesque surroundings and a favorable academic atmosphere,Zhejiang University is an ideal place for teaching,research and learning.展开更多
This report is based on a questionnaire survey of teachers of specialised reading in Zhejiang University.Fifteen questionnaires out of twenty have been returned from teachers from thirteen departments.They have been i...This report is based on a questionnaire survey of teachers of specialised reading in Zhejiang University.Fifteen questionnaires out of twenty have been returned from teachers from thirteen departments.They have been involved in the teaching of specialised reading for between one and seven years(onaverage three years).Generally the specialised reading courses run for two hours per week over onesemester(4,5,6.or 7 and more often towards the end of the undergraduate programmes).Howeverthe Philosophy Department and Electrical Engineering spread the course over two semesters(one hourper week).Most teachers teach specialised reading for two hours per week for half the year.展开更多
Center of Digital Agriculture and Rural Information in Zhejiang University focuses on digital agriculture,Internet of Things(IOT)applications in agriculture and rural information,and has directed over 60 related proje...Center of Digital Agriculture and Rural Information in Zhejiang University focuses on digital agriculture,Internet of Things(IOT)applications in agriculture and rural information,and has directed over 60 related projects funded by 863 National High-Tech Research and Development Plan,National Support Projects Plan,National Natural Science Foundation Projects and Provincial Key Scientific Projects.It carried on early in China with research in digital agriculture and precision agricultural technologies and equipment,particularly taking the lead in fast acquisition of information of crop life,biological and abiotic stress perception and monitoring,soil nutrient information and physical and chemical index,IOT based plant-soil-environment information acquisition and intelligent fertilizer water irrigation.展开更多
International student enrollment has rapidly grown in China,positioning transnational education as a significant component of the country’s higher education system.So our study investigates an innovative teaching app...International student enrollment has rapidly grown in China,positioning transnational education as a significant component of the country’s higher education system.So our study investigates an innovative teaching approach that combines the Knowing-Understanding-Doing(KUD)framework with the BOPPPS pedagogical model(which includes the Bridge-in,Objective,Pre-assessment,Participatory Learning,Post-assessment,and Summary components),with specific application to undergraduate mathematics teaching for international students at a Chinese university.Taking Calculus 1 as a case study,our study evaluates the implementation efficacy of this integrated approach.The findings offer valuable insights for those seeking to enhance the quality and effectiveness of their teaching methodologies in culturally diverse undergraduate mathematics classrooms.展开更多
The“government-industry-university-research”model has significant practical significance in promoting the development of industries in colleges and universities and improving the quality of talent cultivation.This p...The“government-industry-university-research”model has significant practical significance in promoting the development of industries in colleges and universities and improving the quality of talent cultivation.This paper first provides a brief explanation of the concept and significance of the“government-industry-university-research”model,then conducts an in-depth analysis of the problems faced by the development of university industries,and finally proposes effective solutions to the problems faced by the development of university industries,hoping to provide some references and lessons for promoting the continuous development of university industries and the integration of industry and education.展开更多
Cyclopentadithiophene(CPDT)-based polymers have emerged as promising research platforms for multi⁃color electrochromic materials due to their favorable color tunability.However,insufficient cyclic stability has hinder...Cyclopentadithiophene(CPDT)-based polymers have emerged as promising research platforms for multi⁃color electrochromic materials due to their favorable color tunability.However,insufficient cyclic stability has hindered their translation into practical applications.In this study,two CPDT-based conjugated polymers with distinct substituent groups were designed and synthesized:PCPDT-Ph(copolymerized with unsubstituted benzene units)and PCPDT-PhOMe(copolymerized with dimethoxy-substituted benzene units).The influence of dimethoxy substitution on the electrochromic properties and stability of the polymers was systematically investigated.Electro⁃chemical and electrochromic characterizations demonstrated that the electron-donating ability of the dimethoxy groups not only effectively regulated the polymer’s intrinsic properties but also significantly enhanced its cycling stability.Compared with PCPDT-Ph,PCPDT-PhOMe exhibited a reduced onset oxidation potential from 0.66 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)to 0.46 V,an upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy level,and a narrowed optical band gap(calculated theoretically)from 1.73 eV to 1.61 eV.The PCPDT-PhOMe film showed magenta in the neutral state and transparency in the oxidized state,with a color difference(ΔE*a b)of 46.36.The coloring/bleaching response times were measured as 0.7/0.6 s,and the optical contrast retention reached 84%after 1000 cycles,outperforming the PCPDT-Ph film(79.5%retention after 500 cycles).Additionally,it exhibited a coloration efficiency of 543.9 cm^(2)/C,demonstrating favorable comprehensive electrochromic performance.Electrochromic devices assembled with PCPDT-PhOMe achieved reversible switching between magenta and transparent states,with a response time of≤1.0 s and a contrast retention of 71%after 30000 cycles,indicating good stability.This work clarifies the role of substituent electronic effects in regulating the electrochromic properties of CPDT-based polymers,providing experimental basis and theoretical support for the molecular design of solution-processable thiophene-based electrochromic materials.Furthermore,it validates the potential application of PCPDT-PhOMe in smart windows,electronic displays,and other related fields.展开更多
The cerebellum is receiving increasing attention for its cognitive,emotional,and social functions,as well as its unique metabolic profiles.Cerebellar microglia exhibit specialized and highly immunogenic phenotypes und...The cerebellum is receiving increasing attention for its cognitive,emotional,and social functions,as well as its unique metabolic profiles.Cerebellar microglia exhibit specialized and highly immunogenic phenotypes under both physiological and pathological conditions.These immune cells communicate with intrinsic and systemic factors and contribute to the structural and functional compartmentalization of the cerebellum.In this review,we discuss the roles of microglia in the cerebellar microenvironment,neuroinflammation,cerebellar adaptation,and neuronal activity,the associated molecular and cellular mechanisms,and potential therapeutic strategies targeting cerebellar microglia in the context of neuroinflammation.Future directions and unresolved questions in this field are further highlighted,particularly regarding therapeutic interventions targeting cerebellar microglia,functional mechanisms and activities of microglia in the cerebellar circuitry,neuronal connectivity,and neurofunctional outcomes of their activity.Cerebellar morphology and neuronal performance are influenced by both intrinsic and systemic factors that are actively monitored by microglia in both healthy and diseased states.Under pathological conditions,local subsets of microglia exhibit diverse responses to the altered microenvironment that contribute to the structural and functional compartmentalization of the cerebellum.Microglia in the cerebellum undergo early maturation during the embryonic stage and display specialized,highly immunogenic phenotypes.In summary,cerebellar microglia have the capacity to serve as regulatory tools that influence outcomes across a wide range of neurological and systemic conditions,including neurodevelopmental,neurodegenerative,metabolic,and stress-related disorders.展开更多
In this work,we constructed a three-dimensional electrochemical system(3D-ECO),which included the cathode and anode electrode plates,as well as the screening of three-dimensional particle electrodes and parameter opti...In this work,we constructed a three-dimensional electrochemical system(3D-ECO),which included the cathode and anode electrode plates,as well as the screening of three-dimensional particle electrodes and parameter opti-mization,for the degradation of landfill leachate(LL)containing elevated levels of tetracycline(TC),and explored its mechanism of action.Firstly,titanium-based ruthenium-iridium(Ti/RuO_(2)-IrO_(2)),titanium-based ruthenium-iridium-platinum(Ti/Pt-RuO_(2)-IrO_(2)),and titanium-based tin-antimony(Ti/SnO_(2)-Sb_(2)O_(3))were employed as an-odes in the electrocatalytic oxidation system,with titanium and stainless steel plates serving as cathodes,to construct the optimal two-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation system(2D-ECO)through cross-comparison ex-periments.Subsequently,using granular activated carbon(GAC),coconut shell biochar(CBC),walnut shell carbon(WBC),and bamboo charcoal(BBC)as particle electrodes,a 3D-ECO system was developed.The influence of var-ious operational parameters on treating TC-containing LL was investigated.The optimal operating parameters obtained from the study was:pH=5,current density of 30 mA/cm^(2),particle dosage of 7 g/L,particle size ranging from 1.70 to 2.00 mm,and electrode spacing of 4 cm.Under these conditions,the COD removal rate of 3D-ECO within three hours was 90.25%,the TC removal rate was 72.41%,and the NH_(3)-N removal rate was 39.52%.The removal of TC followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model.Additionally,degradation mechanisms were elucidated through electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectrometer and Tert-Butanol(TBA)quenching experiments,indicating that the degradation primarily occurred through a non-radical(1O_(2))pathway.This re-search offers a comprehensive analysis of the simultaneous breakdown of intricate LL matrices and TC,enhancing our comprehension of the degradation processes and underlying mechanisms.展开更多
Functional neurological recovery remains the primary objective when treating ischemic stroke.However,current therapeutic approaches often fall short of achieving optimal outcomes.One of the most significant challenges...Functional neurological recovery remains the primary objective when treating ischemic stroke.However,current therapeutic approaches often fall short of achieving optimal outcomes.One of the most significant challenges in stroke treatment is the effective delivery of neuroprotective agents across the blood–brain barrier to ischemic regions within the brain.The blood–brain barrier,while essential for protecting the brain from harmful substances,also restricts the passage of many therapeutic compounds,thus limiting their efficacy.In this review,we summarizes the emerging role of nanoparticle-based therapies for the treatment of ischemic stroke and investigate their potential to revolutionize drug delivery,enhance neuroprotection,and promote functional recovery.Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of engineered nanoparticles specifically designed to overcome the blood–brain barrier,thus enabling the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents directly to the affected brain areas.Preclinical studies have demonstrated the remarkable potential of nanoparticle-based therapies to activate key neuroprotective pathways,such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/c AMP response element-binding protein signaling cascade,which is crucial for neuronal survival,synaptic plasticity,and post-stroke recovery.By modulating these pathways,nanoparticles could mitigate neuronal damage,reduce inflammation,and promote tissue repair.Furthermore,nanoparticles offer a unique advantage by enabling multimodal therapeutic strategies that simultaneously target multiple pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke,including oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,and apoptosis.This multifaceted approach enhances the overall efficacy of treatment,addressing the complex and interconnected processes that contribute to stroke-related brain injury.Surface modifications,such as functionalization with specific ligands or targeting molecules,further improve the precision of drug delivery,enhance targeting specificity,and prolong systemic circulation,thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes.Nanoparticlebased therapeutics represent a paradigm shift for the management of stroke and provide a promising avenue for reducing post-stroke disability and improving the outcomes of long-term rehabilitation.By combining targeted drug delivery with the ability to modulate critical neuroprotective pathways,nanoparticles hold the potential to transform the treatment landscape for ischemic stroke.However,while preclinical data are highly encouraging,significant challenges remain in translating these advancements into clinical practice.Further research is needed to refine nanoparticle designs,optimize their safety profiles,and ensure their scalability for widespread application.Rigorous clinical trials are essential to validate their efficacy,assess long-term biocompatibility,and address potential off-target effects.The integration of interdisciplinary approaches,combining insights from nanotechnology,neuroscience,and pharmacology,will be critical if we are to overcome these challenges.Ultimately,nanoparticle-based therapies offer a foundation for innovative,precision-based treatments that could significantly improve outcomes for stroke patients,thus paving the way for a new era in stroke care and neurological rehabilitation.展开更多
Superconducting diodes,which enable dissipationless supercurrent flow in one direction while blocking it in the reverse direction,are emerging as pivotal components for superconducting electronics.The development of e...Superconducting diodes,which enable dissipationless supercurrent flow in one direction while blocking it in the reverse direction,are emerging as pivotal components for superconducting electronics.The development of editable superconducting diodes could unlock transformative applications,including dynamically reconfigurable quantum circuits that adapt to operational requirements.Here,we report the first observation of the superconducting diode effect(SDE)in LaAlO_(3)/KTaO_(3) heterostructures—a two-dimensional oxide interface superconductor with exceptional tunability.We observe a strong SDE in Hall-bar(or strip-shaped)devices under perpendicular magnetic fields(<15 Oe),with efficiencies above 40%and rectification signals exceeding 10 mV.Through conductive atomic force microscope lithography,we demonstrate reversible nanoscale editing of the SDE’s polarity and efficiency by locally modifying the superconducting channel edges.This approach enables multiple nonvolatile configurations within a single device,realizing an editable superconducting diode.Our work establishes LaAlO_(3)/KTaO_(3) as a platform for vortex-based nonreciprocal transport and provides a pathway toward designer quantum circuits with on-demand functionalities.展开更多
文摘This editorial comments on the study by Tao et al,emphasizing the scalable diagnostic tool for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Classical indices such as the fatty liver index(FLI),hepatic steatosis index(HSI),and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-liver fat score have provided valuable insights.Still,their predictive accuracy often varies across populations and clinical settings.In Western cohorts,FLI and HSI are widely applied,yet they depend heavily on anthropometric or categorical variables,which limits their sensitivity in Asian populations.The Zhejiang University index(ZJU index),developed in China,integrates fasting glucose,triglycerides,hepatic enzyme ratios,and body mass index into a composite score of insulin resistance.Recent studies show that the ZJU index outperforms FLI and HSI in predicting MASLD among Chinese patients,particularly those with T2DM,where it demonstrates a nonlinear association with disease risk and identifies a critical threshold of 38.87.The ZJU index links to conditions like sarcopenia,sleep apnea,and gallstones,showing its versatility in metabolic health.This editorial compares its performance with other indices and emphasizes the ZJU index as a nextgeneration tool for MASLD risk stratification globally.
基金Project (No. 59908011) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘This paper deals with the issues involved during the design of a complex gymnasium located at the new campus of Zhejiang University. The complexity comes from the gymnasium’s being of three parts: long-span membrane structure, prestressed concrete structure and extraordinarily long tubular steel structure without seams. The paper first presents considera- tions of the prestress design, followed by analyses of the stress states due to temperature changes and concrete shrinkage. Buckling and postbuckling analyses were performed to determine the load-carrying capacity of the perfect and imperfect tubular steel structure of the inclined arch system, while dynamic relaxation method and general nonlinear finite element analysis were used to carry out shape-finding and stress analyses of the membrane structure respectively. Finally, collated monitoring date was applied to control the construction quality and verify the design parameters. Some useful conclusions are available at the end of the paper.
文摘OverviewThe Research Lab on 3D Bioprinting of Zhejiang University focuses on developing innovative 3D bioprinting equipment and technology for healthcare and biomedical applications, since founded in 2017. To further enhance the international collaboration, a joint international research lab on 3D bioprinting of Zhejiang University and University of Oxford was set up. The lab is based on the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems and the Oxford Centre for Tissue Engineering and Bioprocessing. The aim of the lab is to establish a world class research and development platform on 3D bioprinting. The lab has extensive and close collaborations with University of Oxford, University College London and multidisciplinary partners of Zhejiang University.
文摘In 1978, Professor Songshou Jin, a Chinese prestigious physical chemist, established Institute of Catalysis, Hangzhou University, the forerunner of Institute of Catalysis, Zhejiang University. In 1998, the current Institute of Catalysis was re-established through the merger of Zhejiang University and Hangzhou University et al. During the past forty years, researchers in Institute of Catalysis had always paid much attention to the combination of fundamental researches and industrial applications under the lead of Songshou Jin, Xiaoming Zheng, Weimin Lu, Hui Lou, and Yong Wang. The major research interest includes:(1) basic application research and exploitation of catalysts and catalytic process regarding conversion of biomass, methane, syngas and carbon dioxide;(2) development of catalysts and reaction apparatus for industrial hazardous gas, indoor gas, vehicle emissions and oil smoke from hotels and restaurants;(3) synthesis, characterization of functional materials and their applications in the green synthesis in fields of medicine, pesticide and fine chemical;(4) heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic reaction kinetics and surface chemistry;(5) catalytic researches regarding military project.
文摘Zhejiang University is home to 1700 young faculty members and scholars,who serve as the backbone driving the university's future academic innovation and development.To foster the growth and academic progress of these young scholars,the Academic Committee of Zhejiang University launched the“Top 10 Academic Advances of Young Scholars at Zhejiang University”project in January 2023.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226202200064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62202419)+1 种基金the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(No.2022J184)the State Street Zhejiang University Technology Center。
文摘The open-source movement profoundly impacts the development of computer education.The current requirements for postgraduate cultivation in Chinese universities mainly include publishing papers,applying for patents,winning awards,and conducting research projects,which demonstrate the capabilities of students when they graduate from university.However,in today’s prevalent open-source culture,these types of assessments are still not comprehensive enough for postgraduate cultivation,especially for professional postgraduate degrees.For this reason,Zhejiang University takes the lead in proposing educational reforms for postgraduate cultivation based on the open-source ecosystem.It has implemented a new“trinity”mechanism(i.e.,open-source course,open-source training,and open-source capability evaluation)for graduate training centered on open source,serving as a novel supplement to the traditional methods of postgraduate cultivation.After a year of pilot operation,this new approach,deeply loved by teachers and students,has achieved good results and positive feedback.
文摘The College of Life Sciences (CLS) remains one of the most prestigious—and the oldest—colleges in Zhejiang University. This special issue, which includes 16 reviews contributed by our alumni and faculties, is dedicated to mark the 90th Anniversary of CLS.
文摘Practice education is an important part of application-oriented higher education. Yet it poses many challenges when the design of practice education is questioned concerning whether it actually fulfills the education purpose for high quality future professionals. This paper thus introduces an innovated ＂base＂-driven model of practice education in Zhejiang University City College in China, with a purpose to provide empirical experiences that may be valuable for the decision-making of practice education design in higher education institutions. The paper progresses by examining the philosophy of its innovated model, discussing the framework, and further highlights a strategic consideration when designing practice education activities in higher education institutions.
文摘Founded in 1897 and one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in China,Zhejiang University has the reputation as"Cambridge of the East."It has always been one of the top universities in China,in terms of its comprehensive academic strength in teaching,research and facilities.In September of 1998,a new Zhejiang University was established on the basis of amalgamation of the four former individual universities,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou University,Zhejiang Agricultural University and Zhejiang Medical University,all located in the garden city of Hangzhou.Endowed with a pleasant climate,picturesque surroundings and a favorable academic atmosphere,Zhejiang University is an ideal place for teaching,research and learning.
文摘This report is based on a questionnaire survey of teachers of specialised reading in Zhejiang University.Fifteen questionnaires out of twenty have been returned from teachers from thirteen departments.They have been involved in the teaching of specialised reading for between one and seven years(onaverage three years).Generally the specialised reading courses run for two hours per week over onesemester(4,5,6.or 7 and more often towards the end of the undergraduate programmes).Howeverthe Philosophy Department and Electrical Engineering spread the course over two semesters(one hourper week).Most teachers teach specialised reading for two hours per week for half the year.
文摘Center of Digital Agriculture and Rural Information in Zhejiang University focuses on digital agriculture,Internet of Things(IOT)applications in agriculture and rural information,and has directed over 60 related projects funded by 863 National High-Tech Research and Development Plan,National Support Projects Plan,National Natural Science Foundation Projects and Provincial Key Scientific Projects.It carried on early in China with research in digital agriculture and precision agricultural technologies and equipment,particularly taking the lead in fast acquisition of information of crop life,biological and abiotic stress perception and monitoring,soil nutrient information and physical and chemical index,IOT based plant-soil-environment information acquisition and intelligent fertilizer water irrigation.
基金Zhejiang Provincial First-Class Undergraduate Internationalized Course of‘Calculus 1’Teaching Reform Project of the Research and Development Center for University Mathematics Teaching in Higher Education Institutions(Project No.:CMC20240641)Provincial-level undergraduate teaching reform projects in Zhejiang province(Project No.:JGBA2024350)。
文摘International student enrollment has rapidly grown in China,positioning transnational education as a significant component of the country’s higher education system.So our study investigates an innovative teaching approach that combines the Knowing-Understanding-Doing(KUD)framework with the BOPPPS pedagogical model(which includes the Bridge-in,Objective,Pre-assessment,Participatory Learning,Post-assessment,and Summary components),with specific application to undergraduate mathematics teaching for international students at a Chinese university.Taking Calculus 1 as a case study,our study evaluates the implementation efficacy of this integrated approach.The findings offer valuable insights for those seeking to enhance the quality and effectiveness of their teaching methodologies in culturally diverse undergraduate mathematics classrooms.
文摘The“government-industry-university-research”model has significant practical significance in promoting the development of industries in colleges and universities and improving the quality of talent cultivation.This paper first provides a brief explanation of the concept and significance of the“government-industry-university-research”model,then conducts an in-depth analysis of the problems faced by the development of university industries,and finally proposes effective solutions to the problems faced by the development of university industries,hoping to provide some references and lessons for promoting the continuous development of university industries and the integration of industry and education.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52103232)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Nos.LY24E030012,LY19E030006)。
文摘Cyclopentadithiophene(CPDT)-based polymers have emerged as promising research platforms for multi⁃color electrochromic materials due to their favorable color tunability.However,insufficient cyclic stability has hindered their translation into practical applications.In this study,two CPDT-based conjugated polymers with distinct substituent groups were designed and synthesized:PCPDT-Ph(copolymerized with unsubstituted benzene units)and PCPDT-PhOMe(copolymerized with dimethoxy-substituted benzene units).The influence of dimethoxy substitution on the electrochromic properties and stability of the polymers was systematically investigated.Electro⁃chemical and electrochromic characterizations demonstrated that the electron-donating ability of the dimethoxy groups not only effectively regulated the polymer’s intrinsic properties but also significantly enhanced its cycling stability.Compared with PCPDT-Ph,PCPDT-PhOMe exhibited a reduced onset oxidation potential from 0.66 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)to 0.46 V,an upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy level,and a narrowed optical band gap(calculated theoretically)from 1.73 eV to 1.61 eV.The PCPDT-PhOMe film showed magenta in the neutral state and transparency in the oxidized state,with a color difference(ΔE*a b)of 46.36.The coloring/bleaching response times were measured as 0.7/0.6 s,and the optical contrast retention reached 84%after 1000 cycles,outperforming the PCPDT-Ph film(79.5%retention after 500 cycles).Additionally,it exhibited a coloration efficiency of 543.9 cm^(2)/C,demonstrating favorable comprehensive electrochromic performance.Electrochromic devices assembled with PCPDT-PhOMe achieved reversible switching between magenta and transparent states,with a response time of≤1.0 s and a contrast retention of 71%after 30000 cycles,indicating good stability.This work clarifies the role of substituent electronic effects in regulating the electrochromic properties of CPDT-based polymers,providing experimental basis and theoretical support for the molecular design of solution-processable thiophene-based electrochromic materials.Furthermore,it validates the potential application of PCPDT-PhOMe in smart windows,electronic displays,and other related fields.
基金supported by grants from STI2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD0204000(to YS)Key Strategic Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.SQ2023YFE0201430(to YS)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31820103005(to YS),32200620(to LW)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China,No.LZ24C090003(to YS)。
文摘The cerebellum is receiving increasing attention for its cognitive,emotional,and social functions,as well as its unique metabolic profiles.Cerebellar microglia exhibit specialized and highly immunogenic phenotypes under both physiological and pathological conditions.These immune cells communicate with intrinsic and systemic factors and contribute to the structural and functional compartmentalization of the cerebellum.In this review,we discuss the roles of microglia in the cerebellar microenvironment,neuroinflammation,cerebellar adaptation,and neuronal activity,the associated molecular and cellular mechanisms,and potential therapeutic strategies targeting cerebellar microglia in the context of neuroinflammation.Future directions and unresolved questions in this field are further highlighted,particularly regarding therapeutic interventions targeting cerebellar microglia,functional mechanisms and activities of microglia in the cerebellar circuitry,neuronal connectivity,and neurofunctional outcomes of their activity.Cerebellar morphology and neuronal performance are influenced by both intrinsic and systemic factors that are actively monitored by microglia in both healthy and diseased states.Under pathological conditions,local subsets of microglia exhibit diverse responses to the altered microenvironment that contribute to the structural and functional compartmentalization of the cerebellum.Microglia in the cerebellum undergo early maturation during the embryonic stage and display specialized,highly immunogenic phenotypes.In summary,cerebellar microglia have the capacity to serve as regulatory tools that influence outcomes across a wide range of neurological and systemic conditions,including neurodevelopmental,neurodegenerative,metabolic,and stress-related disorders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42477406 and 51878617)the Horizontal Scientific Research Project(No.KYY-HX-20220803)the Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Renewable Energy Infrastructure Construction Technology.
文摘In this work,we constructed a three-dimensional electrochemical system(3D-ECO),which included the cathode and anode electrode plates,as well as the screening of three-dimensional particle electrodes and parameter opti-mization,for the degradation of landfill leachate(LL)containing elevated levels of tetracycline(TC),and explored its mechanism of action.Firstly,titanium-based ruthenium-iridium(Ti/RuO_(2)-IrO_(2)),titanium-based ruthenium-iridium-platinum(Ti/Pt-RuO_(2)-IrO_(2)),and titanium-based tin-antimony(Ti/SnO_(2)-Sb_(2)O_(3))were employed as an-odes in the electrocatalytic oxidation system,with titanium and stainless steel plates serving as cathodes,to construct the optimal two-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation system(2D-ECO)through cross-comparison ex-periments.Subsequently,using granular activated carbon(GAC),coconut shell biochar(CBC),walnut shell carbon(WBC),and bamboo charcoal(BBC)as particle electrodes,a 3D-ECO system was developed.The influence of var-ious operational parameters on treating TC-containing LL was investigated.The optimal operating parameters obtained from the study was:pH=5,current density of 30 mA/cm^(2),particle dosage of 7 g/L,particle size ranging from 1.70 to 2.00 mm,and electrode spacing of 4 cm.Under these conditions,the COD removal rate of 3D-ECO within three hours was 90.25%,the TC removal rate was 72.41%,and the NH_(3)-N removal rate was 39.52%.The removal of TC followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model.Additionally,degradation mechanisms were elucidated through electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectrometer and Tert-Butanol(TBA)quenching experiments,indicating that the degradation primarily occurred through a non-radical(1O_(2))pathway.This re-search offers a comprehensive analysis of the simultaneous breakdown of intricate LL matrices and TC,enhancing our comprehension of the degradation processes and underlying mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China,Nos.82272163,82472164(both MF)。
文摘Functional neurological recovery remains the primary objective when treating ischemic stroke.However,current therapeutic approaches often fall short of achieving optimal outcomes.One of the most significant challenges in stroke treatment is the effective delivery of neuroprotective agents across the blood–brain barrier to ischemic regions within the brain.The blood–brain barrier,while essential for protecting the brain from harmful substances,also restricts the passage of many therapeutic compounds,thus limiting their efficacy.In this review,we summarizes the emerging role of nanoparticle-based therapies for the treatment of ischemic stroke and investigate their potential to revolutionize drug delivery,enhance neuroprotection,and promote functional recovery.Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of engineered nanoparticles specifically designed to overcome the blood–brain barrier,thus enabling the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents directly to the affected brain areas.Preclinical studies have demonstrated the remarkable potential of nanoparticle-based therapies to activate key neuroprotective pathways,such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/c AMP response element-binding protein signaling cascade,which is crucial for neuronal survival,synaptic plasticity,and post-stroke recovery.By modulating these pathways,nanoparticles could mitigate neuronal damage,reduce inflammation,and promote tissue repair.Furthermore,nanoparticles offer a unique advantage by enabling multimodal therapeutic strategies that simultaneously target multiple pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke,including oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,and apoptosis.This multifaceted approach enhances the overall efficacy of treatment,addressing the complex and interconnected processes that contribute to stroke-related brain injury.Surface modifications,such as functionalization with specific ligands or targeting molecules,further improve the precision of drug delivery,enhance targeting specificity,and prolong systemic circulation,thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes.Nanoparticlebased therapeutics represent a paradigm shift for the management of stroke and provide a promising avenue for reducing post-stroke disability and improving the outcomes of long-term rehabilitation.By combining targeted drug delivery with the ability to modulate critical neuroprotective pathways,nanoparticles hold the potential to transform the treatment landscape for ischemic stroke.However,while preclinical data are highly encouraging,significant challenges remain in translating these advancements into clinical practice.Further research is needed to refine nanoparticle designs,optimize their safety profiles,and ensure their scalability for widespread application.Rigorous clinical trials are essential to validate their efficacy,assess long-term biocompatibility,and address potential off-target effects.The integration of interdisciplinary approaches,combining insights from nanotechnology,neuroscience,and pharmacology,will be critical if we are to overcome these challenges.Ultimately,nanoparticle-based therapies offer a foundation for innovative,precision-based treatments that could significantly improve outcomes for stroke patients,thus paving the way for a new era in stroke care and neurological rehabilitation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2023YFA1406400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12534005 and 12325402)。
文摘Superconducting diodes,which enable dissipationless supercurrent flow in one direction while blocking it in the reverse direction,are emerging as pivotal components for superconducting electronics.The development of editable superconducting diodes could unlock transformative applications,including dynamically reconfigurable quantum circuits that adapt to operational requirements.Here,we report the first observation of the superconducting diode effect(SDE)in LaAlO_(3)/KTaO_(3) heterostructures—a two-dimensional oxide interface superconductor with exceptional tunability.We observe a strong SDE in Hall-bar(or strip-shaped)devices under perpendicular magnetic fields(<15 Oe),with efficiencies above 40%and rectification signals exceeding 10 mV.Through conductive atomic force microscope lithography,we demonstrate reversible nanoscale editing of the SDE’s polarity and efficiency by locally modifying the superconducting channel edges.This approach enables multiple nonvolatile configurations within a single device,realizing an editable superconducting diode.Our work establishes LaAlO_(3)/KTaO_(3) as a platform for vortex-based nonreciprocal transport and provides a pathway toward designer quantum circuits with on-demand functionalities.
