Highlights ZmMYC2 promoter contains favorable haplotypes selected during domestication,enhancing its expression level in modern maize.ZmMYC2 may balance the trade-off between growth and defense via jasmonate and auxin...Highlights ZmMYC2 promoter contains favorable haplotypes selected during domestication,enhancing its expression level in modern maize.ZmMYC2 may balance the trade-off between growth and defense via jasmonate and auxin signaling pathways.ZmMYC2 regulates drought-response genes(CER2 and TIP3c)to optimize drought stress resilience.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to observe the effects of xiusanzhen acupuncture(olfactory three-needling therapy)on the behavior,hippocampal histopathology and microglial(MG)activation of rats with vascular dementia(VD),a...Objective:This study aimed to observe the effects of xiusanzhen acupuncture(olfactory three-needling therapy)on the behavior,hippocampal histopathology and microglial(MG)activation of rats with vascular dementia(VD),and to assess the role of the trigeminal nerve.Methods:Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to the sham-operation,model,xiusanzhen,and trigeminal neurotomy groups(n=15 per group).Bilateral common carotid artery ligation was performed to prepare the VD models.Models of trigeminal neurotomy were prepared through the excision of the frontal nerve and infraorbital nerve.Xiusanzhen acupuncture was delivered via electric stimulation.The acupoints selected were bilateral“Yingxiang(LI20)”and“Yintang(EX-HN3)”,and the stimulation parameters were as follows:disperse-dense wave,at a frequency of 2/15HZ and intensity of 1 mA.The course of treatment was once daily,with one course lasting five days,followed by an interval of two days,yielding a total of four courses.Behavioral changes were detected using the Morris water maze,changes in histomorphology in the hippocampal CA1 region were determined with hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,and MG activation in the hippocampal CA1 region was detected using immunofluorescence.Results:The escape latency:From days 3 to 5,the escape latency was higher in the model group compared to the sham-operation group(P<0.05),but was lower in the xiusanzhen group compared to the model and trigeminal neurotomy groups(P<0.05).The frequency for platform crossing and swimming distance:both were reduced in the model group compared to the sham-operation group(P<0.01);and were elevated in the xiusanzhen group compared to the model group and trigeminal neurotomy group(P<0.01).Hippocampal pathomorphological changes:In the sham-operation group,the morphological structure and nucleoli were well-defined;in the model group and the trigeminal neurotomy group,cell numbers were reduced and karyopyknosis increased;while in the xiusanzhen group,the cell numbers were elevated and karyopyknosis was reduced compared with the model group.MG:the positive rate was higher in the model group compared to the sham-operation group(P<0.05);lower in the xiusanzhen group compared to the model group(P<0.05);and higher in the trigeminal neurotomy group compared to the xiusanzhen group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Xiusanzhen acupuncture attenuates cognitive impairment in VD rats,inhibits MG activation,and reduces hippocampal tissue damage.Its effects depend on the structural integrity of the trigeminal nerve.展开更多
Soil erosion from water has become a relevant issue at global level.In Guinea in particular,erosion has worrying effects,due to natural conditions and human impact,especially in the Nzérékore city in forest ...Soil erosion from water has become a relevant issue at global level.In Guinea in particular,erosion has worrying effects,due to natural conditions and human impact,especially in the Nzérékore city in forest region.This paper proposed a soil erosion modeling by rainfall effect in the prefecture of N'Zérékoré.To achieve this objective,monthly and annual rainfall data for the N'Zérékorécity were collected at the meteorological station over the period from 1980 to 2024.The analysis of rainfall aggressiveness was possible using the Fournier index.For data processing,we used Microsoft Excel,Python and the ARIMA(AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average)model for soil aggressiveness predicted by rainfall.It was found that,from 2000 to 2009,erosion was higher compared to other periods with a rate of 60%,or 6 years of high rainfall aggression.From the periods 1990 to 1999 and 2010 to 2019,the lowest rainfall aggressiveness was recorded,with 60%or 6 years of low erosivity.However,from period 1980 to 1989 the highest rate(70%)of very high rainfall erosivity was recorded.The results show three levels of rainfall aggressiveness on an annual scale:a very high level of erosivity with a rate of 22.2%or 10 years,followed by a high level of 35.6%or 16 years of strong erosion.The moderate erosivity level corresponds to 42.2%or 19 years.The model predicts a stability of the erosivity index around 77.14 over the period 2025-2034.During the forty(45)years the rainfall erosivity index was very unstable characterized by strong erosion,however it would be stable in the next ten(10)years.展开更多
Based on microstructure analysis,diffusion theory,and hot deformation experiments,the solidification microstructure and element segregation of the Alloy 625 Plus ingot,the diffusion kinetics of Ti,Nb,and Mo during hom...Based on microstructure analysis,diffusion theory,and hot deformation experiments,the solidification microstructure and element segregation of the Alloy 625 Plus ingot,the diffusion kinetics of Ti,Nb,and Mo during homogenization and the hot deformation behavior of the homogenized ingot were investigated in this study.The results indicate that:(1)the solidified ingot exhibits a typical dendritic microstructure,and significant element segregation occurs,leading to the presence of Ti,Nb,and Mo-rich precipitates in the interdendritic region;(2)Following homogenization,the degree of element segregation in the ingot is significantly reduced.The diffusion coefficients(D)of Ti,Nb,and Mo under various homogenization conditions were calculated.Subsequently,the diffusion constants(D_(0))and activation energies(Q)of Ti,Nb,and Mo were obtained to be 0.01432,0.00397 and 0.00195 cm^(2)/s and 244.851,230.312,and 222.125 kJ/mol,respectively.Finally,the diffusion kinetics formulas for Ti,Nb,and Mo in Alloy 625 Plus were established.After homogenization at 1220℃for 8 h,the alloy exhibits low deformation resistance,a high degree of recrystallization,and optimal deformation coordination ability.Therefore,this represents a rational single-stage homogenization process.展开更多
The increasing frequency of extreme weather events raises the likelihood of forest wildfires.Therefore,establishing an effective fire prediction model is vital for protecting human life and property,and the environmen...The increasing frequency of extreme weather events raises the likelihood of forest wildfires.Therefore,establishing an effective fire prediction model is vital for protecting human life and property,and the environment.This study aims to build a prediction model to understand the spatial characteristics and piecewise effects of forest fire drivers.Using monthly grid data from 2006 to 2020,a modeling study analyzed fire occurrences during the September to April fire season in Fujian Province,China.We compared the fitting performance of the logistic regression model(LRM),the generalized additive logistic model(GALM),and the spatial generalized additive logistic model(SGALM).The results indicate that SGALMs had the best fitting results and the highest prediction accuracy.Meteorological factors significantly impacted forest fires in Fujian Province.Areas with high fire incidence were mainly concentrated in the northwest and southeast.SGALMs improved the fitting effect of fire prediction models by considering spatial effects and the flexible fitting ability of nonlinear interpretation.This model provides piecewise interpretations of forest wildfire occurrences,which can be valuable for relevant departments and will assist forest managers in refining prevention measures based on temporal and spatial differences.展开更多
Assessing the benefits and costs of digitalization in the energy industry is a complex issue.Traditional cost-benefit analysis(CBA)might encounter problems in addressing uncertainties,dynamic stakeholder interactions,...Assessing the benefits and costs of digitalization in the energy industry is a complex issue.Traditional cost-benefit analysis(CBA)might encounter problems in addressing uncertainties,dynamic stakeholder interactions,and feedback loops arising out of the evolving nature of digitalization.This paper introduces a methodological framework to help address the intricate inter connections between digital applications and business models in the energy industry.The proposed framework leverages system dynamics to achieve two primary objectives.It investigates how digitalization generally influences the value proposi-tion,value capture,and value creation dimensions of business models.It also quantifies the financial and social impacts of digitalization from a dynamic perspective.The proposed dynamic CBA allows for a more precise quantification of the benefits and costs,associated with evidence-based decision-making.Findings from an illustrative case study challenge the static assumptions of conventional methods.These methods often presume continuous operation,neglecting reinvestment and operational feedback loops,and resulting in negative net present values.Conversely,the outcomes of the proposed method indicate positive net present values when accounting for factors such as reinvestment rates and the will-ingness to invest in digitalization projects.The principles outlined in this paper can enable a more accu-rate assessment of digitalization projects,thus catalyzing the development of new CBA applications and guidelines for digitalization.展开更多
Magnetic skyrmions are recognized as potential information carriers for building the next-generation spintronic memory and logic devices.Towards functional device applications,efficient electrical detection of skyrmio...Magnetic skyrmions are recognized as potential information carriers for building the next-generation spintronic memory and logic devices.Towards functional device applications,efficient electrical detection of skyrmions at room temperature is one of the most important prerequisites.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide,causing dementia and affecting millions of individuals.One prominent characteristic in the brains of AD patients is glucose hypometabo...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide,causing dementia and affecting millions of individuals.One prominent characteristic in the brains of AD patients is glucose hypometabolism.In the context of galactose metabolism,intracellular glucose levels are heightened.Galactose mutarotase(GALM)plays a crucial role in maintaining normal galactose metabolism by catalyzing the conversion ofβ-D-galactose intoα-D-galactose(α-D-G).The latter is then converted into glucose-6-phosphate,improving glucose metabolism levels.However,the involvement of GALM in AD progression is still unclear.In the present study,we found that the expression of GALM was significantly increased in AD patients and model mice.Genetic knockdown of GALM using adeno-associated virus did not change the expression of amyloid precursor protein(APP)and APP-cleaving enzymes including a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10(ADAM10),β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1),and presenilin-1(PS1).Interestingly,genetic overexpression of GALM reduced APP and Aβdeposition by increasing the maturation of ADAM10,although it did not alter the expression of BACE1 and PS1.Further electrophysiological and behavioral experiments showed that GALM overexpression significantly ameliorated the deficits in hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation(LTP)and spatial learning and memory in AD model mice.Importantly,directα-D-G(20 mg/kg,i.p.)also inhibited Aβdeposition by increasing the maturation of ADAM10,thereby improving hippocampal CA1 LTP and spatial learning and memory in AD model mice.Taken together,our results indicate that GALM shifts APP processing towardsα-cleavage,preventing Aβgeneration by increasing the level of mature ADAM10.These findings indicate that GALM may be a potential therapeutic target for AD,andα-D-G has the potential to be used as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of AD.展开更多
An organoid is a three-dimensional(3D)cell culture model that can reproduce the distinct structure and inherent functionality of certain organs.Nevertheless,a major limitation of organoids is the absence of a complex ...An organoid is a three-dimensional(3D)cell culture model that can reproduce the distinct structure and inherent functionality of certain organs.Nevertheless,a major limitation of organoids is the absence of a complex vascular network,thus restricting the supply of oxygen and essential nutrients.Coupled with their inherent size constraints and metabolite accumulation,it is challenging for organoids to replicate the natural intricacies of organs,thereby limiting their applicability.To overcome the challenges associated with this technology,we developed a culture platform to cultivate tumors or organ-derived organoids up to the centimeter scale.Initially,a customized organoid-on-a-chip including a microvascular network at the micron scale was designed using 3D printing.Further,by integrating an infusion device,the chip ensures an adequate supply of nutrients and fluid immersion while mimicking blood flow dynamics.Our method overcomes the issue of the limited size of organoids due to insufficient nutrient access,making it possible to produce large-scale tumor and normal tissue models in vitro,while providing insights into drug efficacy and toxicology evaluation as well as standardized organoid production.展开更多
The utilization of caves is a rather rare phenomenon in nonhuman primates, found almost exclusively in those members of the genus Trachypithecus that share a preference for forest on limestone （karst） hills in Vietn...The utilization of caves is a rather rare phenomenon in nonhuman primates, found almost exclusively in those members of the genus Trachypithecus that share a preference for forest on limestone （karst） hills in Vietnam and southern China. Here we report a new case of usage of caves as overnight sleeping shelters by Franqois＇ or black langurs （Trachypithecusfraru;oisi） at Mayanghe National Nature Reserve in Yanhe County, Guizhou Province, China. We tentatively address three possible hypotheses that may account for the use of caves in Francois＇ langurs at Mayanghe： shelter against climatic conditions, acquisition of minerals and protection from predators. utilization展开更多
The application of large amounts of fertilizers, a conventional practice in northern China for the production of vegetable crops, generally leads to substantial accumulation of soil nutrients within a relatively short...The application of large amounts of fertilizers, a conventional practice in northern China for the production of vegetable crops, generally leads to substantial accumulation of soil nutrients within a relatively short period of time. A fixed field experiment was designed to study the effects of nitrogen （N） and potassium （K） fertilizers applied to optimize the yield and quality of typical vegetable crops. Application of N and K fertilizers significantly increased the yields of kidney bean. The largest yields were obtained in the first and second years after application of 1 500 kg N and 300 kg K20 ha^-1. In the third year, however, there was a general decline in yields. Maximum yields occurred when intermediate rates of N and K （750 kg N and 300 kg K20 ha 1） were applied. However, no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of vitamin C （VC） in kidney bean among different years and various rates of fertilizer treatments. Yields of tomato grown in rotation after kidney bean showed significant responses to the application of N and K in the first year. In the second year, the yields of tomato were much lower. This suggested that the application of N fertilizer did not have any effect upon tomato yield, whereas application of K fertilizer did increase the yield. Application of K fertilizer was often associated with increased sugar concentrations.展开更多
Fractures in rock strata serve as flow pathways for gas flow.The undulation of fracture channels can influence the guidance of gas flow.In this context,four-point bending experiments on prefabricated fractured rocks a...Fractures in rock strata serve as flow pathways for gas flow.The undulation of fracture channels can influence the guidance of gas flow.In this context,four-point bending experiments on prefabricated fractured rocks at different angles under stable stepped loading stress.The experiment results clarified the evolutionary law that the undulation degree of the rock tensile fracture surface is separated by an initial fracture angle of 45°.The high undulation intervals were less than 45°,whereas the low undulation intervals were more than 45°.Furthermore,the relative undulation degree,undulation frequency,and matching degree of the fracture surface were quantified.The relationship between the change in fracture surface undulation and gas flow guidance was established.Based on this,the stability,tortuosity,and uniformity of the gas flow in the fracture channel were quantitatively characterized.Subsequently,numerical models of the fracture channels were constructed to validate the indices proposed in this study.The results of the study clarified the influence of different initial fracture angles on the undulation changes of fracture surfaces,and established the relationship between these changes and gas flow,which is conducive to understanding the role of internal fracture channels in rocks in guiding the gas flow process.展开更多
The aim of this study was to synthesize zinc borate using zinc oxide, reference boric acid, and reference zinc borate （reference ZB） as the seed, and to investigate the effects of modifying agents and reaction param...The aim of this study was to synthesize zinc borate using zinc oxide, reference boric acid, and reference zinc borate （reference ZB） as the seed, and to investigate the effects of modifying agents and reaction parameters on the hydrophobicity and yield, respectively. The reaction parameters include reaction time （1-5 h）, reactant ratio （H3BO3/ZnO by mass： 2-5）, seed ratio （seed crystal/（H3BO3＋ZnO） by mass： 0-2wt%）, reaction temperature （50-120~C）, cooling temperature （10-80~C）, and stirring rate （400-700 r/min）; the modifying agents involve propylene glycol （PG, 0-6wt%）, kerosene （lwt%-6wt%）, and oleic acid （OA, lwt%-6wt%） with solvents （isopropyl alcohol （IPA）, ethanol, and methanol）. The results of reaction yield obtained from either magnetically or mechanically stirred systems were compared. Zinc borate produced was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, and contact angle tests to identify the hydrophobicity. In conclusion, zinc borate is synthesized successfully under the optimized reaction conditions, and the different modifying agents with various solvents affect the hydrophobicity of zinc borate.展开更多
Flexible thermoelectric thin films offer a promising avenue for the development of portable and sustainable flexible power supplies.However,a lack of thin films with excellent performance restricts their application i...Flexible thermoelectric thin films offer a promising avenue for the development of portable and sustainable flexible power supplies.However,a lack of thin films with excellent performance restricts their application in flexible thermoelectric devices.In this study,high-performance BiSbTe films are successfully prepared using a combination of magnetron sputtering and thermal diffusion.By optimizing carrier concentration to~4.47×10^(19)cm^(−3)and simultaneously realizing high carrier mobility of>120 cm^(2)·V^(−1)·s^(−1),an impressive room-temperature power factor of 24.13μW·cm^(−1)·K^(−2)is achieved in a Bi_(0.4)Sb_(1.6)Te_(3)thin film.The flexible Bi_(0.4)Sb_(1.6)Te_(3)thin film also demonstrates excellent bending resistance and stability(ΔR/R_(0)<5%,ΔS/S_(0)<5%,andΔS^(2)σ/S_(0)^(2)σ_(0)<10%)after 1000 bending cycles at a minimum bending radius of 6 mm.A flexible thin-film thermoelectric device assembled with p-type Bi_(0.4)Sb_(1.6)Te_(3)legs achieves a remarkable power output of~82.15 nW and a power density of~547.68μW·cm^(−2)under a temperature difference of 20 K.展开更多
The nature and distribution of Cu species in Cu-SSZ-13 play a vital role in selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3(NH3-SCR),but existing methods for adjusting the Cu distribution are complex and difficult to contr...The nature and distribution of Cu species in Cu-SSZ-13 play a vital role in selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3(NH3-SCR),but existing methods for adjusting the Cu distribution are complex and difficult to control.Herein,we report a simple and effective ion-exchange approach to regulate the Cu distribution in the one-pot synthesized Cu-SSZ-13 that possesses sufficient initial Cu species and thus provides a“natural environment”for adjusting Cu distribution precisely.By using this proposed strategy,a series of Cu-SSZ-13x zeolites with different Cu contents and distributions were obtained.It is shown that the dealumination of the as-synthesized Cu-SSZ-13 during the ion-exchange generates abundant vacant sites in the double six-membered-rings of the SSZ-13 zeolite for relocating Cu2+species and thus allows the redistribution of the Cu species.The catalytic results showed that the ion-exchanged Cu-SSZ-13 zeolites exhibit quite different catalytic performance in NH3-SCR reaction but superior to the parent counterpart.The structure–activity relationship analysis indicates that the redistribution of Cu species rather than other factors(e.g.,crystallinity,chemical composition,and porous structure)is responsible for the improved NH3-SCR performance and SO_(2) and H_(2)O resistance.Our work offers an effective method to precisely adjust the Cu distribution in preparing the industrial SCR catalysts.展开更多
The global commitment to pivoting to sustainable energy and products calls for technology development to utilize solar energy for hydrogen(H_(2))and value-added chemicals production by biomass photoreforming.Herein,a ...The global commitment to pivoting to sustainable energy and products calls for technology development to utilize solar energy for hydrogen(H_(2))and value-added chemicals production by biomass photoreforming.Herein,a novel dual-functional marigold-like Zn_(x)Cd_(1-x)S homojunction has been the production of lactic acid with high-yield and H_(2)with high-efficiency by selective glucose photoreforming.The optimized Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S exhibits outstanding H_(2)generation(13.64 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)),glucose conversion(96.40%),and lactic acid yield(76.80%),over 272.80 and 19.21 times higher than that of bare ZnS(0.05 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))and CdS(0.71 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))in H_(2)generation,respectively.The marigold-like morphology provides abundant active sites and sufficient substrates accessibility for the photocatalyst,while the specific role of the homojunction formed by hexagonal wurtzite(WZ)and cubic zinc blende(ZB)in photoreforming biomass has been demonstrated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Glucose is converted to lactic acid on the WZ surface of Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S via the photoactive species·O_(2)^(-),while the H_(2)is evolved from protons(H^(+))in H_(2)O on the ZB surface of Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S.This work paves a promising road for the production of sustainable energy and products by integrating photocatalysis and biorefine.展开更多
In this article, we give the area formula of the closed projection curve of a closed space curve in Lorentzian 3-space L3. For the 1-parameter closed Lorentzian space motion in L3, we obtain a Holditch Theorem taking ...In this article, we give the area formula of the closed projection curve of a closed space curve in Lorentzian 3-space L3. For the 1-parameter closed Lorentzian space motion in L3, we obtain a Holditch Theorem taking into account the Lorentzian matrix multiplication for the closed space curves by using their othogonal projections onto the Euclidean plane in the fixed Lorentzian space. Moreover, we generalize this Holditch Theorem for noncollinear three fixed points of the moving Lorentzian space and any other fixed point on the plane which is determined by these three fixed points.展开更多
Scientific knowledge about the ancestral genome of core eudicot plant kingdom can potentially have profound impacts on both basic and applied research,including evolution,genetics,genomics,ecology,agriculture,forestry...Scientific knowledge about the ancestral genome of core eudicot plant kingdom can potentially have profound impacts on both basic and applied research,including evolution,genetics,genomics,ecology,agriculture,forestry,and global climate.To investigate which plant conserves best the core eudicots common ancestor genome,we compared Arcto-Tertiary relict Nyssaceae and 30 other eudicot plant families.The genomes of Davidia involucrata(a known living fossil),Camptotheca acuminata and Nyssa sinensis,one per existent genus of Nyssaceae,were performed comparative genomic analysis.We found that Nyssaceae originated from a single Nyssaceae common tetraploidization event(NCT)-autotetraploidization 28-31 Mya after the core eudicot common hexaploidization(ECH).We identified Nyssaceae orthologous and paralogous genes,determined its chromosomal evolutionary trajectory,and reconstructed the Nyssaceae most recent ancestor genome.D.involucrata genome contained the entire seven paleochromosomes and 17 ECH-generated eudicot common ancestor chromosomes and was the slowest in mutation among the analyzed 42 species of 31 plant families.Combing both its high retention of paleochromosomes and its low mutation rate,D.involucrata provides the best case in conservation of the core eudicot paleogenome.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200503 to Shuai Ma and 2021YFD1200700 to Tianyu Wang)。
文摘Highlights ZmMYC2 promoter contains favorable haplotypes selected during domestication,enhancing its expression level in modern maize.ZmMYC2 may balance the trade-off between growth and defense via jasmonate and auxin signaling pathways.ZmMYC2 regulates drought-response genes(CER2 and TIP3c)to optimize drought stress resilience.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China Young Scientists Fund:82004480。
文摘Objective:This study aimed to observe the effects of xiusanzhen acupuncture(olfactory three-needling therapy)on the behavior,hippocampal histopathology and microglial(MG)activation of rats with vascular dementia(VD),and to assess the role of the trigeminal nerve.Methods:Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to the sham-operation,model,xiusanzhen,and trigeminal neurotomy groups(n=15 per group).Bilateral common carotid artery ligation was performed to prepare the VD models.Models of trigeminal neurotomy were prepared through the excision of the frontal nerve and infraorbital nerve.Xiusanzhen acupuncture was delivered via electric stimulation.The acupoints selected were bilateral“Yingxiang(LI20)”and“Yintang(EX-HN3)”,and the stimulation parameters were as follows:disperse-dense wave,at a frequency of 2/15HZ and intensity of 1 mA.The course of treatment was once daily,with one course lasting five days,followed by an interval of two days,yielding a total of four courses.Behavioral changes were detected using the Morris water maze,changes in histomorphology in the hippocampal CA1 region were determined with hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,and MG activation in the hippocampal CA1 region was detected using immunofluorescence.Results:The escape latency:From days 3 to 5,the escape latency was higher in the model group compared to the sham-operation group(P<0.05),but was lower in the xiusanzhen group compared to the model and trigeminal neurotomy groups(P<0.05).The frequency for platform crossing and swimming distance:both were reduced in the model group compared to the sham-operation group(P<0.01);and were elevated in the xiusanzhen group compared to the model group and trigeminal neurotomy group(P<0.01).Hippocampal pathomorphological changes:In the sham-operation group,the morphological structure and nucleoli were well-defined;in the model group and the trigeminal neurotomy group,cell numbers were reduced and karyopyknosis increased;while in the xiusanzhen group,the cell numbers were elevated and karyopyknosis was reduced compared with the model group.MG:the positive rate was higher in the model group compared to the sham-operation group(P<0.05);lower in the xiusanzhen group compared to the model group(P<0.05);and higher in the trigeminal neurotomy group compared to the xiusanzhen group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Xiusanzhen acupuncture attenuates cognitive impairment in VD rats,inhibits MG activation,and reduces hippocampal tissue damage.Its effects depend on the structural integrity of the trigeminal nerve.
文摘Soil erosion from water has become a relevant issue at global level.In Guinea in particular,erosion has worrying effects,due to natural conditions and human impact,especially in the Nzérékore city in forest region.This paper proposed a soil erosion modeling by rainfall effect in the prefecture of N'Zérékoré.To achieve this objective,monthly and annual rainfall data for the N'Zérékorécity were collected at the meteorological station over the period from 1980 to 2024.The analysis of rainfall aggressiveness was possible using the Fournier index.For data processing,we used Microsoft Excel,Python and the ARIMA(AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average)model for soil aggressiveness predicted by rainfall.It was found that,from 2000 to 2009,erosion was higher compared to other periods with a rate of 60%,or 6 years of high rainfall aggression.From the periods 1990 to 1999 and 2010 to 2019,the lowest rainfall aggressiveness was recorded,with 60%or 6 years of low erosivity.However,from period 1980 to 1989 the highest rate(70%)of very high rainfall erosivity was recorded.The results show three levels of rainfall aggressiveness on an annual scale:a very high level of erosivity with a rate of 22.2%or 10 years,followed by a high level of 35.6%or 16 years of strong erosion.The moderate erosivity level corresponds to 42.2%or 19 years.The model predicts a stability of the erosivity index around 77.14 over the period 2025-2034.During the forty(45)years the rainfall erosivity index was very unstable characterized by strong erosion,however it would be stable in the next ten(10)years.
基金Project(52174303)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023JH2/101700302)supported by the Joint Program of Science and Technology Plans in Liaoning Province,China。
文摘Based on microstructure analysis,diffusion theory,and hot deformation experiments,the solidification microstructure and element segregation of the Alloy 625 Plus ingot,the diffusion kinetics of Ti,Nb,and Mo during homogenization and the hot deformation behavior of the homogenized ingot were investigated in this study.The results indicate that:(1)the solidified ingot exhibits a typical dendritic microstructure,and significant element segregation occurs,leading to the presence of Ti,Nb,and Mo-rich precipitates in the interdendritic region;(2)Following homogenization,the degree of element segregation in the ingot is significantly reduced.The diffusion coefficients(D)of Ti,Nb,and Mo under various homogenization conditions were calculated.Subsequently,the diffusion constants(D_(0))and activation energies(Q)of Ti,Nb,and Mo were obtained to be 0.01432,0.00397 and 0.00195 cm^(2)/s and 244.851,230.312,and 222.125 kJ/mol,respectively.Finally,the diffusion kinetics formulas for Ti,Nb,and Mo in Alloy 625 Plus were established.After homogenization at 1220℃for 8 h,the alloy exhibits low deformation resistance,a high degree of recrystallization,and optimal deformation coordination ability.Therefore,this represents a rational single-stage homogenization process.
基金supported by the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Program“University-Industry Cooperation Project”(2024Y4015)National Key R&D Plan of Strategic International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Project(2018YFE0207800).
文摘The increasing frequency of extreme weather events raises the likelihood of forest wildfires.Therefore,establishing an effective fire prediction model is vital for protecting human life and property,and the environment.This study aims to build a prediction model to understand the spatial characteristics and piecewise effects of forest fire drivers.Using monthly grid data from 2006 to 2020,a modeling study analyzed fire occurrences during the September to April fire season in Fujian Province,China.We compared the fitting performance of the logistic regression model(LRM),the generalized additive logistic model(GALM),and the spatial generalized additive logistic model(SGALM).The results indicate that SGALMs had the best fitting results and the highest prediction accuracy.Meteorological factors significantly impacted forest fires in Fujian Province.Areas with high fire incidence were mainly concentrated in the northwest and southeast.SGALMs improved the fitting effect of fire prediction models by considering spatial effects and the flexible fitting ability of nonlinear interpretation.This model provides piecewise interpretations of forest wildfire occurrences,which can be valuable for relevant departments and will assist forest managers in refining prevention measures based on temporal and spatial differences.
基金conducted as part of the project Innovative Tools for Cyber-Physical Energy Systems(InnoCyPES)received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation pro-gram under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie(956433).
文摘Assessing the benefits and costs of digitalization in the energy industry is a complex issue.Traditional cost-benefit analysis(CBA)might encounter problems in addressing uncertainties,dynamic stakeholder interactions,and feedback loops arising out of the evolving nature of digitalization.This paper introduces a methodological framework to help address the intricate inter connections between digital applications and business models in the energy industry.The proposed framework leverages system dynamics to achieve two primary objectives.It investigates how digitalization generally influences the value proposi-tion,value capture,and value creation dimensions of business models.It also quantifies the financial and social impacts of digitalization from a dynamic perspective.The proposed dynamic CBA allows for a more precise quantification of the benefits and costs,associated with evidence-based decision-making.Findings from an illustrative case study challenge the static assumptions of conventional methods.These methods often presume continuous operation,neglecting reinvestment and operational feedback loops,and resulting in negative net present values.Conversely,the outcomes of the proposed method indicate positive net present values when accounting for factors such as reinvestment rates and the will-ingness to invest in digitalization projects.The principles outlined in this paper can enable a more accu-rate assessment of digitalization projects,thus catalyzing the development of new CBA applications and guidelines for digitalization.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1405100)the NSFC distinguished Young Scholar program(Grant No.12225409)+6 种基金the Basic Science Center Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.52388201)the NSFC general program(Grant Nos.52271181,51831005,and 12421004)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2023ZD0300500)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z240006)supported by the KAUST Office of Sponsored Research(OSR)under Award Nos.ORA-CRG102021-4665 and ORA-CRG11-2022-5031supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFA1408503)Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(No.2025YFHZ0147)。
文摘Magnetic skyrmions are recognized as potential information carriers for building the next-generation spintronic memory and logic devices.Towards functional device applications,efficient electrical detection of skyrmions at room temperature is one of the most important prerequisites.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371030,82371194,and 82071395)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0010 and CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0269)the CQMU Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine(W0044).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide,causing dementia and affecting millions of individuals.One prominent characteristic in the brains of AD patients is glucose hypometabolism.In the context of galactose metabolism,intracellular glucose levels are heightened.Galactose mutarotase(GALM)plays a crucial role in maintaining normal galactose metabolism by catalyzing the conversion ofβ-D-galactose intoα-D-galactose(α-D-G).The latter is then converted into glucose-6-phosphate,improving glucose metabolism levels.However,the involvement of GALM in AD progression is still unclear.In the present study,we found that the expression of GALM was significantly increased in AD patients and model mice.Genetic knockdown of GALM using adeno-associated virus did not change the expression of amyloid precursor protein(APP)and APP-cleaving enzymes including a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10(ADAM10),β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1),and presenilin-1(PS1).Interestingly,genetic overexpression of GALM reduced APP and Aβdeposition by increasing the maturation of ADAM10,although it did not alter the expression of BACE1 and PS1.Further electrophysiological and behavioral experiments showed that GALM overexpression significantly ameliorated the deficits in hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation(LTP)and spatial learning and memory in AD model mice.Importantly,directα-D-G(20 mg/kg,i.p.)also inhibited Aβdeposition by increasing the maturation of ADAM10,thereby improving hippocampal CA1 LTP and spatial learning and memory in AD model mice.Taken together,our results indicate that GALM shifts APP processing towardsα-cleavage,preventing Aβgeneration by increasing the level of mature ADAM10.These findings indicate that GALM may be a potential therapeutic target for AD,andα-D-G has the potential to be used as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of AD.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFA1300128)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82372663)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province(No.202302AA310024)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20232BBG70024)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023LSW008).
文摘An organoid is a three-dimensional(3D)cell culture model that can reproduce the distinct structure and inherent functionality of certain organs.Nevertheless,a major limitation of organoids is the absence of a complex vascular network,thus restricting the supply of oxygen and essential nutrients.Coupled with their inherent size constraints and metabolite accumulation,it is challenging for organoids to replicate the natural intricacies of organs,thereby limiting their applicability.To overcome the challenges associated with this technology,we developed a culture platform to cultivate tumors or organ-derived organoids up to the centimeter scale.Initially,a customized organoid-on-a-chip including a microvascular network at the micron scale was designed using 3D printing.Further,by integrating an infusion device,the chip ensures an adequate supply of nutrients and fluid immersion while mimicking blood flow dynamics.Our method overcomes the issue of the limited size of organoids due to insufficient nutrient access,making it possible to produce large-scale tumor and normal tissue models in vitro,while providing insights into drug efficacy and toxicology evaluation as well as standardized organoid production.
文摘The utilization of caves is a rather rare phenomenon in nonhuman primates, found almost exclusively in those members of the genus Trachypithecus that share a preference for forest on limestone （karst） hills in Vietnam and southern China. Here we report a new case of usage of caves as overnight sleeping shelters by Franqois＇ or black langurs （Trachypithecusfraru;oisi） at Mayanghe National Nature Reserve in Yanhe County, Guizhou Province, China. We tentatively address three possible hypotheses that may account for the use of caves in Francois＇ langurs at Mayanghe： shelter against climatic conditions, acquisition of minerals and protection from predators. utilization
基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No.2006BAD17B07)the IndependentInnovation Program of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences of China (No.2007ycx023-01).
文摘The application of large amounts of fertilizers, a conventional practice in northern China for the production of vegetable crops, generally leads to substantial accumulation of soil nutrients within a relatively short period of time. A fixed field experiment was designed to study the effects of nitrogen （N） and potassium （K） fertilizers applied to optimize the yield and quality of typical vegetable crops. Application of N and K fertilizers significantly increased the yields of kidney bean. The largest yields were obtained in the first and second years after application of 1 500 kg N and 300 kg K20 ha^-1. In the third year, however, there was a general decline in yields. Maximum yields occurred when intermediate rates of N and K （750 kg N and 300 kg K20 ha 1） were applied. However, no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of vitamin C （VC） in kidney bean among different years and various rates of fertilizer treatments. Yields of tomato grown in rotation after kidney bean showed significant responses to the application of N and K in the first year. In the second year, the yields of tomato were much lower. This suggested that the application of N fertilizer did not have any effect upon tomato yield, whereas application of K fertilizer did increase the yield. Application of K fertilizer was often associated with increased sugar concentrations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52522405)Henan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.252300421323).
文摘Fractures in rock strata serve as flow pathways for gas flow.The undulation of fracture channels can influence the guidance of gas flow.In this context,four-point bending experiments on prefabricated fractured rocks at different angles under stable stepped loading stress.The experiment results clarified the evolutionary law that the undulation degree of the rock tensile fracture surface is separated by an initial fracture angle of 45°.The high undulation intervals were less than 45°,whereas the low undulation intervals were more than 45°.Furthermore,the relative undulation degree,undulation frequency,and matching degree of the fracture surface were quantified.The relationship between the change in fracture surface undulation and gas flow guidance was established.Based on this,the stability,tortuosity,and uniformity of the gas flow in the fracture channel were quantitatively characterized.Subsequently,numerical models of the fracture channels were constructed to validate the indices proposed in this study.The results of the study clarified the influence of different initial fracture angles on the undulation changes of fracture surfaces,and established the relationship between these changes and gas flow,which is conducive to understanding the role of internal fracture channels in rocks in guiding the gas flow process.
文摘The aim of this study was to synthesize zinc borate using zinc oxide, reference boric acid, and reference zinc borate （reference ZB） as the seed, and to investigate the effects of modifying agents and reaction parameters on the hydrophobicity and yield, respectively. The reaction parameters include reaction time （1-5 h）, reactant ratio （H3BO3/ZnO by mass： 2-5）, seed ratio （seed crystal/（H3BO3＋ZnO） by mass： 0-2wt%）, reaction temperature （50-120~C）, cooling temperature （10-80~C）, and stirring rate （400-700 r/min）; the modifying agents involve propylene glycol （PG, 0-6wt%）, kerosene （lwt%-6wt%）, and oleic acid （OA, lwt%-6wt%） with solvents （isopropyl alcohol （IPA）, ethanol, and methanol）. The results of reaction yield obtained from either magnetically or mechanically stirred systems were compared. Zinc borate produced was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, and contact angle tests to identify the hydrophobicity. In conclusion, zinc borate is synthesized successfully under the optimized reaction conditions, and the different modifying agents with various solvents affect the hydrophobicity of zinc borate.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023ME001),China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M732609)the Doctoral Research Initiation Fund of Weifang University(No.2023BS01).
文摘Flexible thermoelectric thin films offer a promising avenue for the development of portable and sustainable flexible power supplies.However,a lack of thin films with excellent performance restricts their application in flexible thermoelectric devices.In this study,high-performance BiSbTe films are successfully prepared using a combination of magnetron sputtering and thermal diffusion.By optimizing carrier concentration to~4.47×10^(19)cm^(−3)and simultaneously realizing high carrier mobility of>120 cm^(2)·V^(−1)·s^(−1),an impressive room-temperature power factor of 24.13μW·cm^(−1)·K^(−2)is achieved in a Bi_(0.4)Sb_(1.6)Te_(3)thin film.The flexible Bi_(0.4)Sb_(1.6)Te_(3)thin film also demonstrates excellent bending resistance and stability(ΔR/R_(0)<5%,ΔS/S_(0)<5%,andΔS^(2)σ/S_(0)^(2)σ_(0)<10%)after 1000 bending cycles at a minimum bending radius of 6 mm.A flexible thin-film thermoelectric device assembled with p-type Bi_(0.4)Sb_(1.6)Te_(3)legs achieves a remarkable power output of~82.15 nW and a power density of~547.68μW·cm^(−2)under a temperature difference of 20 K.
基金supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22178059 and 91934301)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(2020J01513)+1 种基金Sinochem Quanzhou Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.(ZHQZKJ-19-F-ZS-0076)Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory(No.00121002),and Fujian Hundred Talent Program.
文摘The nature and distribution of Cu species in Cu-SSZ-13 play a vital role in selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3(NH3-SCR),but existing methods for adjusting the Cu distribution are complex and difficult to control.Herein,we report a simple and effective ion-exchange approach to regulate the Cu distribution in the one-pot synthesized Cu-SSZ-13 that possesses sufficient initial Cu species and thus provides a“natural environment”for adjusting Cu distribution precisely.By using this proposed strategy,a series of Cu-SSZ-13x zeolites with different Cu contents and distributions were obtained.It is shown that the dealumination of the as-synthesized Cu-SSZ-13 during the ion-exchange generates abundant vacant sites in the double six-membered-rings of the SSZ-13 zeolite for relocating Cu2+species and thus allows the redistribution of the Cu species.The catalytic results showed that the ion-exchanged Cu-SSZ-13 zeolites exhibit quite different catalytic performance in NH3-SCR reaction but superior to the parent counterpart.The structure–activity relationship analysis indicates that the redistribution of Cu species rather than other factors(e.g.,crystallinity,chemical composition,and porous structure)is responsible for the improved NH3-SCR performance and SO_(2) and H_(2)O resistance.Our work offers an effective method to precisely adjust the Cu distribution in preparing the industrial SCR catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071713)the Outstanding Youth Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province of China(JQ2019C001)。
文摘The global commitment to pivoting to sustainable energy and products calls for technology development to utilize solar energy for hydrogen(H_(2))and value-added chemicals production by biomass photoreforming.Herein,a novel dual-functional marigold-like Zn_(x)Cd_(1-x)S homojunction has been the production of lactic acid with high-yield and H_(2)with high-efficiency by selective glucose photoreforming.The optimized Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S exhibits outstanding H_(2)generation(13.64 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)),glucose conversion(96.40%),and lactic acid yield(76.80%),over 272.80 and 19.21 times higher than that of bare ZnS(0.05 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))and CdS(0.71 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))in H_(2)generation,respectively.The marigold-like morphology provides abundant active sites and sufficient substrates accessibility for the photocatalyst,while the specific role of the homojunction formed by hexagonal wurtzite(WZ)and cubic zinc blende(ZB)in photoreforming biomass has been demonstrated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Glucose is converted to lactic acid on the WZ surface of Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S via the photoactive species·O_(2)^(-),while the H_(2)is evolved from protons(H^(+))in H_(2)O on the ZB surface of Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S.This work paves a promising road for the production of sustainable energy and products by integrating photocatalysis and biorefine.
文摘In this article, we give the area formula of the closed projection curve of a closed space curve in Lorentzian 3-space L3. For the 1-parameter closed Lorentzian space motion in L3, we obtain a Holditch Theorem taking into account the Lorentzian matrix multiplication for the closed space curves by using their othogonal projections onto the Euclidean plane in the fixed Lorentzian space. Moreover, we generalize this Holditch Theorem for noncollinear three fixed points of the moving Lorentzian space and any other fixed point on the plane which is determined by these three fixed points.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32170236,31501333,and 32000405)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.C2020209064)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of North China University of Science and Technology(Grant No.X2019252)。
文摘Scientific knowledge about the ancestral genome of core eudicot plant kingdom can potentially have profound impacts on both basic and applied research,including evolution,genetics,genomics,ecology,agriculture,forestry,and global climate.To investigate which plant conserves best the core eudicots common ancestor genome,we compared Arcto-Tertiary relict Nyssaceae and 30 other eudicot plant families.The genomes of Davidia involucrata(a known living fossil),Camptotheca acuminata and Nyssa sinensis,one per existent genus of Nyssaceae,were performed comparative genomic analysis.We found that Nyssaceae originated from a single Nyssaceae common tetraploidization event(NCT)-autotetraploidization 28-31 Mya after the core eudicot common hexaploidization(ECH).We identified Nyssaceae orthologous and paralogous genes,determined its chromosomal evolutionary trajectory,and reconstructed the Nyssaceae most recent ancestor genome.D.involucrata genome contained the entire seven paleochromosomes and 17 ECH-generated eudicot common ancestor chromosomes and was the slowest in mutation among the analyzed 42 species of 31 plant families.Combing both its high retention of paleochromosomes and its low mutation rate,D.involucrata provides the best case in conservation of the core eudicot paleogenome.
