Studying tiie urban landscape pattern plays a crucial role in scientific land use and management and in improving the urban ecological environment In this paper, AutoCAD, ArcGIS, Fragstats, and other software were u...Studying tiie urban landscape pattern plays a crucial role in scientific land use and management and in improving the urban ecological environment In this paper, AutoCAD, ArcGIS, Fragstats, and other software were used to analyse the data of the fourth phase of land use in the core atea of Yangling Demonstration Zone. The results showed that： ① in the core area, the percentage of construction land incteased from 18.22% to 61.72%, and the percentage of agricultufal land decreased from 58.36% to 11.14%. And the fafm land was fragmented, and traffic connectivily was strengthened. The afea of garden land was reduced from 251.89 hm2 to 50.38 hm^2, and the landscape metric of forest land showed an inverted V-shaped curve. ②The year 2009 in four phases witnessed the greatest landscape fragmentation, both Edge Density （ED） and Ingest Patch Index （LPI） increased, and human interference enhanced the overall landscape complexity. Measures were fotmulated in terms of deaf development goals, optimized allocation of land resoutces, effective protection of ecological ted lines, and definite ecological responsibility, so as to optimize the urban landscape pattern.展开更多
Based on the overall planning of environmental cultural construction of Yangling Vocational & Technical College and the college–enterprise co-construction of Doucun Farm, this paper combined environmental cultura...Based on the overall planning of environmental cultural construction of Yangling Vocational & Technical College and the college–enterprise co-construction of Doucun Farm, this paper combined environmental cultural reformation inside and outside the college and reform of off-campus teaching experiment farm in view of outstanding agricultural characteristics of the bioengineering branch, with environmental health preservation as the fundamental goal and "health-preserving agriculture" as the link. In addition, four major characteristic landscape frameworks of "point, line, surface, and body" were established, and the effective construction approaches of health-preserving environmental cultural landscapes in vocational colleges were explored.展开更多
[Objectives]To evaluate the pollution status of phthalate esters(PAEs)in the soil of facility vegetable base in Yangling District of Xianyang City.[Methods]A total of 15 kinds of PAEs in soil samples were detected and...[Objectives]To evaluate the pollution status of phthalate esters(PAEs)in the soil of facility vegetable base in Yangling District of Xianyang City.[Methods]A total of 15 kinds of PAEs in soil samples were detected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.[Results]A total of 12 kinds of PAEs were detected in analyzed soil samples,with a total content of 53.4-3524.1μg/kg and an average of 602.7μg/kg.Specifically,DEHP,DBP,DIBP,DMEP,BBP and DNOP were the main PAEs pollutants in the soil,with the detection rates of 100%,100%,100%,73.3%,63.3%and 53.3%,and the average content were 286.3,167.3,123.1,157.6,121.3,and 130.5μg/kg,respectively.[Conclusions]Compared with the soil in other regions,the pollution level of PAEs in the soil of facility vegetable base in Yangling District is lower,but such compounds are widespread in the facility vegetable base,and their potential environmental risks should attract close attention.展开更多
[Objectives]To evaluate the pollution status of antibiotics in the soil of vegetable bases in Yangling District.[Methods]The contents of 19 antibiotics in 4 categories of quinolones,tetracyclines,sulfonamides and macr...[Objectives]To evaluate the pollution status of antibiotics in the soil of vegetable bases in Yangling District.[Methods]The contents of 19 antibiotics in 4 categories of quinolones,tetracyclines,sulfonamides and macrolides in soil samples from 20 bases were detected and analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS.[Results]The quinolones,sulfonamides and tetracyclines were all detected in 100%of soil samples,and the detection rate of macrolides was 62%.The average contents of the four antibiotics from high to low were quinolones(51.76μg/kg)>tetracyclines(12.77μg/kg)>sulfonamides(1.14μg/kg)>macrolides(0.28μg/kg),and norfloxacin,oxytetracycline,sulfamethazine and erythromycin were the main contents,respectively.According to the trigger value of ecological toxic effect of antibiotics in soil(100μg/kg)proposed by the Steering Committee of the International Coordinating Committee for Veterinary Medicine(VICH),the contents of the four classes of antibiotics in the soil of the study area were all lower than the trigger value,indicating a small ecological risk.[Conclusions]Compared with other domestic research reports,the vegetable bases in this study area are also at a relatively low level of antibiotic pollution.展开更多
Taking the Yangling demonstration area as the research object,this paper analyzes the local climate and combines the micro-environmental characteristics of rooftop gardens in Yangling to explore the principles of plan...Taking the Yangling demonstration area as the research object,this paper analyzes the local climate and combines the micro-environmental characteristics of rooftop gardens in Yangling to explore the principles of plant configuration in rooftop gardens.It selects suitable plants for rooftop gardens and investigates their ecological benefits in improving the urban heat island effect,reducing rainwater accumulation,and purifying the air,providing a reference for the construction and management of rooftop gardens in the Guanzhong region.展开更多
The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use e...The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency and enhancing crop stress resistance.Nevertheless,the precise interaction between soil warming(SW)and SN remains unclear.In order to ascertain the impact of SW on maize growth and whether SN can improve the tolerance of maize to SW,a two-year field experiment was conducted(2022-2023).The aim was to examine the influence of two SW ranges(MT,warming 1.40℃;HT,warming 2.75℃)and two nitrogen application methods(N1,one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer;N2,one third of base nitrogen fertilizer+two thirds of jointing stage supplemental nitrogen fertilizer)on maize root growth,photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield.The results demonstrated that SW impeded root growth and precipitated the premature aging of maize leaves following anthesis,particularly in the HT,which led to a notable reduction in maize yield.In comparison to N1,SN has been shown to increase root length density by 8.54%,root bleeding rate by 8.57%,and enhance root distribution ratio in the middle soil layers(20-60 cm).The interaction between SW and SN had a notable impact on maize growth and yield.The SN improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen by promoting root development and downward canopy growth,thus improving the tolerance of maize to SW at the later stage of growth.In particular,the N2HT resulted in a 14.51%increase in the photosynthetic rate,a 18.58%increase in nitrogen absorption efficiency,and a 18.32%increase in maize yield compared with N1HT.It can be posited that the SN represents a viable nitrogen management measure with the potential to enhance maize tolerance to soil high-temperature stress.展开更多
Long-term mulching has improved crop yields and farmland productivity in semiarid areas,but it has also increased greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and depleted soil fertility.Biochar application has emerged as a promising...Long-term mulching has improved crop yields and farmland productivity in semiarid areas,but it has also increased greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and depleted soil fertility.Biochar application has emerged as a promising solution for addressing these issues.In this study,we investigated the effects of four biochar application rates(no biochar(N)=0 t ha^(-1),low(L)=3 t ha^(-1),medium(M)=6 t ha^(-1),and high(H)=9 t ha^(-1))under film mulching and no mulching conditions over three growing seasons.We assessed the impacts on GHG emissions,soil organic carbon sequestration(SOCS),and maize yield to evaluate the productivity and sustainability of farmland ecosystems.Our results demonstrated that mulching increased maize yield(18.68-41.80%),total fixed C in straw(23.64%),grain(28.87%),and root(46.31%)biomass,and GHG emissions(CO_(2),10.78%;N_(2)O,3.41%),while reducing SOCS(6.57%)and GHG intensity(GHGI;13.61%).Under mulching,biochar application significantly increased maize yield(10.20%),total fixed C in straw(17.97%),grain(17.69%)and root(16.75%)biomass,and SOCS(4.78%).Moreover,it reduced the GHG emissions(CO_(2),3.09%;N_(2)O,6.36%)and GHGI(12.28%).These effects correlated with the biochar addition rate,with the optimal rate being 9.0 t ha^(-1).In conclusion,biochar application reduces CO_(2) and N_(2)O emissions,enhances CH_(4) absorption,and improves maize yield under film mulching.It also improves the soil carbon fixation capacity while mitigating the warming potential,making it a promising sustainable management method for mulched farmland in semiarid areas.展开更多
Treatment of precious metals in electronic waste has attracted tremendous attention and is essential for both environmental protection and resource sustainable development.In this study,a novel adsorbent for precious ...Treatment of precious metals in electronic waste has attracted tremendous attention and is essential for both environmental protection and resource sustainable development.In this study,a novel adsorbent for precious metal ions,V_(2)O_(3)spiny hollow nanospheres(pV_(2)O_(3)SHN),was synthe sized through a one-step hydrothermal-as sis ted methodology for the adsorption of Au(Ⅲ),Ag(Ⅰ),Pd(Ⅱ),and Pt(Ⅳ) from the leaching solution of electronic waste.The results reveal that the p-V2O3SHN hierarchy was successfully constructed with a hollow structure and dense spiny morphology.The prepared p-V2O3SHN can effectively remove precious metal ions such as Au(Ⅲ),Ag(Ⅰ),Pd(Ⅱ),and Pt(Ⅳ),with the selective capture order being Au(Ⅲ)> Ag(Ⅰ)> Pt(Ⅳ)> Pd(Ⅱ)> other metal ions.This superior adsorption capability can be attributed to the multi-diffusible,intermingled composition,and numerous active sites decorating the p-V2O3SHN hierarchy,facilitating the uptake of Au(Ⅲ),Ag(Ⅰ),Pd(Ⅱ),and Pt(Ⅳ) ions from electronic waste.The Langmuir model provided a better fit for the uptake process,revealing maximum uptake capacities of 833.33 mg/g for Au(Ⅲ),370.37 mg/g for Ag(Ⅰ),42.01 mg/g for Pd(Ⅱ),and 77.51 mg/g for Pt(Ⅳ) on p-V_(2)O_(3)SHN.Remarkably,p-V_(2)O_(3)SHN exhibited a robust affinity for the adsorbate due to the presence of surface defects and reduction reactions.The new p-V2O3SHN also demonstrated good reusability for three sorption cycles,highlighting its potential for electronic waste treatment.Due to its facile synthesis and excellent efficiency,hierarchical p-V2O3SHN presents itself as a promising candidate for the selective uptake of Au(Ⅲ),Ag(Ⅰ),Pt(Ⅳ),and Pd(Ⅱ) from electronic waste.展开更多
To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation acti...To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation activity across different plant parts(branch wood,branch bark,and pericarp)using various solvents(water,methanol,ethanol,and n-hexane).Our findings revealed that water extracts displayed superior antioxidant activities in ABTS and RP assays,while methanol extracts exhibited better performance in DPPH and FRAP assays.Moreover,methanol extracts demonstrated the highest effectiveness against anti-HepG2 cell proliferation,whereas n-hexane extracts showed greater efficiency in cholinesterase inhibition.Notably,branch bark extracts exhibited the highest levels of phytochemical compounds,with both branch bark and pericarp extracts demonstrating significant effects in cholinesterase inhibition and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation.Correlation analysis indicated that phytochemical compounds were primarily responsible for the observed biological activities.Overall,extracts from the branch bark and pericarp of E.mollis showed promising potential for antioxidant and anticancer activities,suggesting their suitability for applications in the pharmaceutical industry as health-promoting products.展开更多
Background Increased backfat thickness of sows in early gestation is negative to reproductive performance.Endometrial receptivity is an important determinant of reproductive success,but it is unclear whether the effec...Background Increased backfat thickness of sows in early gestation is negative to reproductive performance.Endometrial receptivity is an important determinant of reproductive success,but it is unclear whether the effect of sow backfat thickness on litter size is associated with endometrial receptivity and whether melatonin treatment may have benefits.The present study seeks to answer these questions through in vitro and in vivo investigations.Results Excessive lipid deposition and lower melatonin levels in the uterus are detrimental to endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation in high backfat thickness sows.In cells treated with melatonin,the MT2/PI3K/LIF axis played a role in reducing lipid accumulation in porcine endometrial epithelium cells and improved endometrial receptivity.Furthermore,we found a reduction of lipids in the uterus after eight weeks of intraperitoneal administration of melatonin to HFD mice.Notably,melatonin treatment caused a significant reduction in the deposition of endometrial collagen,an increase in the number of glands,and repair of the pinopode structure,ultimately improving endometrial receptivity,promoting embryo implantation,and increasing the number of litter size of mice.Conclusions Collectively,the finding reveals the harmful effects of high backfat thickness sows on embryo implantation and highlight the role of melatonin and the MT2/PI3K/LIF axis in improving endometrial receptivity by enhancing metabolism and reducing the levels of uterine lipids in obese animals.展开更多
Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation.However,its influence on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil remains uncertain.This study investigated the dyn...Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation.However,its influence on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil remains uncertain.This study investigated the dynamic changes in soil communities,potential bacterial pathogens,and ARG profiles under various organicmaterial treatments during RSD,including distillers’grains,potato peel,peanut vine,and peanut vine combined with charcoal.Results revealed that applying diverse organic materials in RSD significantly altered bacterial community composition and diminished the relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogens(P<0.05).The relative abundance of high-risk ARGs decreased by 10.7%-30.6%after RSD treatments,the main decreased ARG subtypeswere AAC(3)_Via,dfrA1,ErmB,lnuB,aadA.Actinobacteria was the primary host of ARGs and was suppressed by RSD.Soil physicochemical properties,such as total nitrogen,soil pH,total carbon,were crucial factors affecting ARG profiles.Our findings demonstrated that RSD treatment inhibited pathogenic bacteria and could be an option for reducing high-risk ARG proliferation in soil.展开更多
Background N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)methylation is a key epigenetic modification that can modulate gene expression and strongly affect mammalian developmental processes.However,the genome-wide methylation of long ...Background N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)methylation is a key epigenetic modification that can modulate gene expression and strongly affect mammalian developmental processes.However,the genome-wide methylation of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)and its implications for the development of skeletal muscle remain poorly understood.Bovine skeletal muscle samples from five developmental stages were analyzed in this study to establish lncRNA methylome and transcriptomic maps.Results Globally,59.67%of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle with m^(6)A modifications,and this percentage decreased progressively during development.lncRNA expression levels were positively associated with the number of m^(6)A peaks,with lncRNAs possessing 3 or more peaks showing significantly higher expression levels than those with 1 or 2 peaks.Specific lncRNAs involved in skeletal muscle development were identified through two analytical approaches.The first approach employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)of transcriptomic data to identify correlations between annotated lncRNAs and growth-related traits,resulting in 21 candidate hub lncRNAs.The intersection of these 21 hub lncRNAs with 151 differentially methylated lncRNAs(DM-lncRNAs)identified 10 shared candidate lncRNAs.The second approach integrated MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data to identify 36 lncRNAs that were both differentially m^(6)A modified and differentially expressed(dme-lncRNAs).GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of cis-target genes associated with these dme-lncRNAs identified eight candidate lncRNAs.Combining the results from the two approaches identified 16 key m^(6)A-modified lncRNAs likely involved in skeletal muscle development.Conclusions These findings highlight the regulatory and functional significance of dynamic lncRNA methylation in skeletal muscle development.展开更多
Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize production.Plastic film mulc...Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize production.Plastic film mulching is commonly used in the Loess Plateau region.Incorporating slow-release fertilizers as a replacement for urea within this practice can reduce nitrogen losses and enhance crop productivity.Combining these techniques represents a novel agricultural approach in semi-arid areas.However,the impact of this integration on soil carbon storage(SOCS),carbon footprint(CF),and economic benefits has received limited research attention.Therefore,we conducted an eight-year study(2015-2022)in the semi-arid northwestern region to quantify the effects of four treatments[urea supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-U),slow-release fertilizer supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-S),urea supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-U),and slow-release fertilizer supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-S)]on soil fertility,economic and environmental benefits.The results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary contributor to total GHG emissions(≥71.97%).Compared to other treatments,PM-S increased average grain yield by 12.01%-37.89%,water use efficiency by 9.19%-23.33%,nitrogen accumulation by 27.07%-66.19%,and net return by 6.21%-29.57%.Furthermore,PM-S decreased CF by 12.87%-44.31%and CF per net return by 14.25%-41.16%.After eight years,PM-S increased SOCS(0-40 cm)by 2.46%,while PM-U decreased it by 7.09%.These findings highlight the positive effects of PM-S on surface soil fertility,economic gains,and environmental benefits in spring maize production on the Loess Plateau,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption and application.展开更多
In order to study the characteristics of pure fly ash-based geopolymer concrete(PFGC)conveniently,we used a machine learning method that can quantify the perception of characteristics to predict its compressive streng...In order to study the characteristics of pure fly ash-based geopolymer concrete(PFGC)conveniently,we used a machine learning method that can quantify the perception of characteristics to predict its compressive strength.In this study,505 groups of data were collected,and a new database of compressive strength of PFGC was constructed.In order to establish an accurate prediction model of compressive strength,five different types of machine learning networks were used for comparative analysis.The five machine learning models all showed good compressive strength prediction performance on PFGC.Among them,R2,MSE,RMSE and MAE of decision tree model(DT)are 0.99,1.58,1.25,and 0.25,respectively.While R2,MSE,RMSE and MAE of random forest model(RF)are 0.97,5.17,2.27 and 1.38,respectively.The two models have high prediction accuracy and outstanding generalization ability.In order to enhance the interpretability of model decision-making,we used importance ranking to obtain the perception of machine learning model to 13 variables.These 13 variables include chemical composition of fly ash(SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3),Si/Al),the ratio of alkaline liquid to the binder,curing temperature,curing durations inside oven,fly ash dosage,fine aggregate dosage,coarse aggregate dosage,extra water dosage and sodium hydroxide dosage.Curing temperature,specimen ages and curing durations inside oven have the greatest influence on the prediction results,indicating that curing conditions have more prominent influence on the compressive strength of PFGC than ordinary Portland cement concrete.The importance of curing conditions of PFGC even exceeds that of the concrete mix proportion,due to the low reactivity of pure fly ash.展开更多
Lysobacter enzymogenes is less-studied, but emerging as a powerful biocontrol bacterium producing multiple antimicrobial weapons including lytic enzymes, toxins, secondary metabolites and protein secretion systems.The...Lysobacter enzymogenes is less-studied, but emerging as a powerful biocontrol bacterium producing multiple antimicrobial weapons including lytic enzymes, toxins, secondary metabolites and protein secretion systems.The loss of surface-attached flagellum, production of heat-stable antifungal factor(HSAF, also named as Ningrongmycin) as a novel antifungal antibiotic, and the use of the type Ⅳ secretion system(T4SS) rather than the common type Ⅵ secretion system(T6SS) to kill competitor bacteria make this species unique. These distinct features set L. enzymogenes apart from well-studied plant beneficial biocontrol agents, such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas. This review describes what takes L. enzymogenes to be a unique biocontrol warrior by focusing to illustrate how the lack of flagellum governs morphological and functional co-adaptability, what adapted signaling transduction pathways are adopted to coordinate the biosynthesis of HSAF, and how to ecologically adapt plant rhizosphere by cell-to-cell interacting with microbiome members via the bacterial-killing T4SS.展开更多
Organic material combined with inorganic fertilizer has been shown to greatly improve crop yield and maintain soil fertility globally. However, it remains unclear if crop yield and soil fertility can be sustained in t...Organic material combined with inorganic fertilizer has been shown to greatly improve crop yield and maintain soil fertility globally. However, it remains unclear if crop yield and soil fertility can be sustained in the long term under the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Three long-term field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of organic amendments on the grain sustainable yield index(SYI), soil fertility index(SFI)and nutrient balance in maize–wheat cropping systems of central and southern China during 1991–2019. Five treatments were included in the trials: 1) no fertilization(control);2) balanced mineral fertilization(NPK);3) NPK plus manure(NPKM);4) high dose of NPK plus manure(1.5NPKM);and 5) NPK plus crop straw(NPKS). Over time, the grain yields of wheat and maize showed an increasing trend in all four fertilization treatments at the Yangling(YL) and Zhengzhou(ZZ) locations, while they declined at Qiyang(QY). The grain yield in the NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments gradually exceeded that of the NPK and NPKS treatments at the QY site. The largest SYI was recorded in the NPKM treatment across the three sites, suggesting that inorganic fertilizer combined with manure can effectively improve crop yield sustainability. Higher SYI values were recorded at the YL and ZZ sites than at the QY site, possibly because the soil was more acid at QY. The key factors affecting grain yield were soil available phosphorus(AP) and available potassium(AK) at the YL and ZZ sites, and pH and AP at the QY site.All fertilization treatments resulted in soil N and P surpluses at the three sites, but soil K surpluses were recorded only at the QY site. The SFI was greater in the 1.5NPKM, NPKM and NPKS treatments than in the NPK treatment by 13.3–40.0 and 16.4–63.6% at the YL and ZZ sites, respectively, and was significantly higher in the NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments than in the NPK and NPKS treatments at the QY site. A significant, positive linear relationship was found between SFI and crop yield, and SYI and nutrient balance, indicating that grain yield and its sustainability significantly increased with increasing soil fertility. The apparent N, P and K balances positively affected SFI.This study suggests that the appropriate amount of manure mixed with mineral NPK fertilizer is beneficial to the development of sustainable agriculture, which effectively increases the crop yield and yield sustainability by improving soil fertility.展开更多
Tuojiang River Basin is a first-class tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River—which is the longest river in China.As phytoplankton are sensitive indicators of trophic changes inwater bodies,characterizing...Tuojiang River Basin is a first-class tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River—which is the longest river in China.As phytoplankton are sensitive indicators of trophic changes inwater bodies,characterizing phytoplankton communities and their growth influencing factors in polluted urban rivers can provide new ideas for pollution control.Here,we used direct microscopic count and environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding methods to investigate phytoplankton community structure in Tuojiang River Basin(Chengdu,Sichuan Province,China).The association between phytoplankton community structure and water environmental factors was evaluated by Mantel analysis.Additional environmental monitoring data were used to pinpoint major factors that influenced phytoplankton growth based on structural equation modeling.At the phylum level,the dominant phytoplankton taxa identified by the conventional microscopic method mainly belonged to Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta,and Cyanophyta,in contrast with Chlorophyta,Dinophyceae,and Bacillariophyta identified by eDNA metabarcoding.Inα-diversity analysis,eDNA metabarcoding detected greater species diversity and achieved higher precision than the microscopic method.Phytoplankton growth was largely limited by phosphorus based on the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios>16:1 in all water samples.Redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling also confirmed that the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio was the principal factor influencing phytoplankton growth.The results could be useful for implementing comprehensive management of the river basin environment.It is recommended to control the discharge of point-and surface-source pollutants and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in areas with excessive nutrients(e.g.,Jianyang-Ziyang).Algae monitoring techniques and removal strategies should be improved in 201 Hospital,Hongrihe Bridge and Colmar Town areas.展开更多
Overview of root system architecture.The plant root system is a highly dynamic and multifunctional organ system composed of primary roots,lateral roots,adventitious roots,and root hairs.Based on topological morphology...Overview of root system architecture.The plant root system is a highly dynamic and multifunctional organ system composed of primary roots,lateral roots,adventitious roots,and root hairs.Based on topological morphology,root systems can be classified as taproot systems or fibrous root systems.Root system architecture(RSA)refers to the spatial distribution and extension patterns of roots within soil,encompassing characteristics such as root length,branching angle,density,and spatial arrangement.RSA not only determines the plant’s capacity to acquire water and nutrients but also influences other root functions,playing a decisive role in overall plant health.展开更多
Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), is an airborne disease. In China, it frequently develops initially in central Shaanxi and southwestern Gansu, and from there, inoculum spreads to ...Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), is an airborne disease. In China, it frequently develops initially in central Shaanxi and southwestern Gansu, and from there, inoculum spreads to the eastern wheat production regions. Field investigations have suggested that Pst could spread from the west to the east within central Shaanxi andthat Gansu could serve as the inoculum source for central Shaanxi, but there is no direct evidence for this hypothetical dispersal route. In the current study, 321 Pst isolates collected from central Shaanxi and Gansu in the 2019–2020 and2020–2021 winter wheat cropping seasons were genotyped using 23 pairs of KASP-SNP markers. The dispersion among subpopulations was analyzed using several approaches, and overall, the populations were found to exhibit high levels of genetic diversity. There was little genetic divergence(0.05>FST>0) within central Shaanxi. However, significant gene flow(Nm>4) driven by wind-oriented dispersal from west(Baoji) to east(Weinan) occurred. There was also gene flow among the 4 Gansu subpopulations of Tianshui, Longnan, Pingliang, and Qingyang. Migration of the pathogen occurred between central Shaanxi and Gansu. Migration from Gansu to central Shaanxi was major compared with that from central Shaanxi to Gansu that was minor. Genetic variation occurred among isolates, instead of among subpopulations and within isolates. Linkage disequilibrium revealed that there was strong genetic recombination in the subpopulations from Gansu and central Shaanxi. Therefore, the present study provides molecular evidence that Pst spread from west to east in central Shaanxi and showed that Gansu(especially Longnan and Tianshui) was one of the major origins of the pathogen inoculum of wheat stripe rust in central Shaanxi. The results revealed the west-to-east transmission route of wheat stripe rust in central Shaanxi, being used to guide integrated management of the disease.展开更多
Hair follicle stem cell(HFSC),capable of self-renewal and differentiation in hair follicle,represents an emerging stem cell model for regenerative medicine.The interaction between HFSC and dermal papilla cell(DPC)gove...Hair follicle stem cell(HFSC),capable of self-renewal and differentiation in hair follicle,represents an emerging stem cell model for regenerative medicine.The interaction between HFSC and dermal papilla cell(DPC)governs hair follicle development.FGF7 functions as a paracrine protein regulating epithelial proliferation,differentiation and migration.The single-cell transcriptome profling and immunofuorescence analysis demonstrated that FGF7 localizes at DPC,while FGF7 receptor(FGFR2)expresses in both DPC and HFSC.Through co-culture experiments of HFSC and DPC,the results indicated that FGF7 secreted from DPC promotes the proliferation of DPC and HFSC via Wnt signaling pathway and induces HFSC differentiation.Furthermore,CUT&Tag assay revealed genomic colocalization between FGF7 and pluripotency-related genes and GSK3β.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA)demonstrated that FGF7 interacts with the promoter region of CISH and PRKX.This research provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the hair cycle.Understanding the interaction between HFSC and DPC,as well as the role of FGF7,may advance regenerative medicine and hair loss treatment.展开更多
基金Sponsored by Humanities and Social Sciences Project in Northwest A&F University(2015RWYB38)
文摘Studying tiie urban landscape pattern plays a crucial role in scientific land use and management and in improving the urban ecological environment In this paper, AutoCAD, ArcGIS, Fragstats, and other software were used to analyse the data of the fourth phase of land use in the core atea of Yangling Demonstration Zone. The results showed that： ① in the core area, the percentage of construction land incteased from 18.22% to 61.72%, and the percentage of agricultufal land decreased from 58.36% to 11.14%. And the fafm land was fragmented, and traffic connectivily was strengthened. The afea of garden land was reduced from 251.89 hm2 to 50.38 hm^2, and the landscape metric of forest land showed an inverted V-shaped curve. ②The year 2009 in four phases witnessed the greatest landscape fragmentation, both Edge Density （ED） and Ingest Patch Index （LPI） increased, and human interference enhanced the overall landscape complexity. Measures were fotmulated in terms of deaf development goals, optimized allocation of land resoutces, effective protection of ecological ted lines, and definite ecological responsibility, so as to optimize the urban landscape pattern.
基金Sponsored by Humanities and Social Sciences Research Foundation of Yangling Vocational&Technical College(GJ1423)
文摘Based on the overall planning of environmental cultural construction of Yangling Vocational & Technical College and the college–enterprise co-construction of Doucun Farm, this paper combined environmental cultural reformation inside and outside the college and reform of off-campus teaching experiment farm in view of outstanding agricultural characteristics of the bioengineering branch, with environmental health preservation as the fundamental goal and "health-preserving agriculture" as the link. In addition, four major characteristic landscape frameworks of "point, line, surface, and body" were established, and the effective construction approaches of health-preserving environmental cultural landscapes in vocational colleges were explored.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund Project of Yangling Vocational and Technical College(A2018053)Science and Technology Plan Project of Yangling Agricultural High-tech Industry Demonstration Zone(2018SF-02).
文摘[Objectives]To evaluate the pollution status of phthalate esters(PAEs)in the soil of facility vegetable base in Yangling District of Xianyang City.[Methods]A total of 15 kinds of PAEs in soil samples were detected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.[Results]A total of 12 kinds of PAEs were detected in analyzed soil samples,with a total content of 53.4-3524.1μg/kg and an average of 602.7μg/kg.Specifically,DEHP,DBP,DIBP,DMEP,BBP and DNOP were the main PAEs pollutants in the soil,with the detection rates of 100%,100%,100%,73.3%,63.3%and 53.3%,and the average content were 286.3,167.3,123.1,157.6,121.3,and 130.5μg/kg,respectively.[Conclusions]Compared with the soil in other regions,the pollution level of PAEs in the soil of facility vegetable base in Yangling District is lower,but such compounds are widespread in the facility vegetable base,and their potential environmental risks should attract close attention.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Plan Project of Yangling Demonstration Zone(2018SF-02)Scientific Researchof Yangling Vocational and Technical College(A2018053)。
文摘[Objectives]To evaluate the pollution status of antibiotics in the soil of vegetable bases in Yangling District.[Methods]The contents of 19 antibiotics in 4 categories of quinolones,tetracyclines,sulfonamides and macrolides in soil samples from 20 bases were detected and analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS.[Results]The quinolones,sulfonamides and tetracyclines were all detected in 100%of soil samples,and the detection rate of macrolides was 62%.The average contents of the four antibiotics from high to low were quinolones(51.76μg/kg)>tetracyclines(12.77μg/kg)>sulfonamides(1.14μg/kg)>macrolides(0.28μg/kg),and norfloxacin,oxytetracycline,sulfamethazine and erythromycin were the main contents,respectively.According to the trigger value of ecological toxic effect of antibiotics in soil(100μg/kg)proposed by the Steering Committee of the International Coordinating Committee for Veterinary Medicine(VICH),the contents of the four classes of antibiotics in the soil of the study area were all lower than the trigger value,indicating a small ecological risk.[Conclusions]Compared with other domestic research reports,the vegetable bases in this study area are also at a relatively low level of antibiotic pollution.
文摘Taking the Yangling demonstration area as the research object,this paper analyzes the local climate and combines the micro-environmental characteristics of rooftop gardens in Yangling to explore the principles of plant configuration in rooftop gardens.It selects suitable plants for rooftop gardens and investigates their ecological benefits in improving the urban heat island effect,reducing rainwater accumulation,and purifying the air,providing a reference for the construction and management of rooftop gardens in the Guanzhong region.
基金supported by the Natural Science Fund of China(31771724)the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2024NC-ZDCYL-01-10).
文摘The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency and enhancing crop stress resistance.Nevertheless,the precise interaction between soil warming(SW)and SN remains unclear.In order to ascertain the impact of SW on maize growth and whether SN can improve the tolerance of maize to SW,a two-year field experiment was conducted(2022-2023).The aim was to examine the influence of two SW ranges(MT,warming 1.40℃;HT,warming 2.75℃)and two nitrogen application methods(N1,one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer;N2,one third of base nitrogen fertilizer+two thirds of jointing stage supplemental nitrogen fertilizer)on maize root growth,photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield.The results demonstrated that SW impeded root growth and precipitated the premature aging of maize leaves following anthesis,particularly in the HT,which led to a notable reduction in maize yield.In comparison to N1,SN has been shown to increase root length density by 8.54%,root bleeding rate by 8.57%,and enhance root distribution ratio in the middle soil layers(20-60 cm).The interaction between SW and SN had a notable impact on maize growth and yield.The SN improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen by promoting root development and downward canopy growth,thus improving the tolerance of maize to SW at the later stage of growth.In particular,the N2HT resulted in a 14.51%increase in the photosynthetic rate,a 18.58%increase in nitrogen absorption efficiency,and a 18.32%increase in maize yield compared with N1HT.It can be posited that the SN represents a viable nitrogen management measure with the potential to enhance maize tolerance to soil high-temperature stress.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFE0101300 and 2021YFD1901102)the project supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province,China(2023-JC-YB-185)the Ningxia Key Research and Development Program,China(2023BCF01018)。
文摘Long-term mulching has improved crop yields and farmland productivity in semiarid areas,but it has also increased greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and depleted soil fertility.Biochar application has emerged as a promising solution for addressing these issues.In this study,we investigated the effects of four biochar application rates(no biochar(N)=0 t ha^(-1),low(L)=3 t ha^(-1),medium(M)=6 t ha^(-1),and high(H)=9 t ha^(-1))under film mulching and no mulching conditions over three growing seasons.We assessed the impacts on GHG emissions,soil organic carbon sequestration(SOCS),and maize yield to evaluate the productivity and sustainability of farmland ecosystems.Our results demonstrated that mulching increased maize yield(18.68-41.80%),total fixed C in straw(23.64%),grain(28.87%),and root(46.31%)biomass,and GHG emissions(CO_(2),10.78%;N_(2)O,3.41%),while reducing SOCS(6.57%)and GHG intensity(GHGI;13.61%).Under mulching,biochar application significantly increased maize yield(10.20%),total fixed C in straw(17.97%),grain(17.69%)and root(16.75%)biomass,and SOCS(4.78%).Moreover,it reduced the GHG emissions(CO_(2),3.09%;N_(2)O,6.36%)and GHGI(12.28%).These effects correlated with the biochar addition rate,with the optimal rate being 9.0 t ha^(-1).In conclusion,biochar application reduces CO_(2) and N_(2)O emissions,enhances CH_(4) absorption,and improves maize yield under film mulching.It also improves the soil carbon fixation capacity while mitigating the warming potential,making it a promising sustainable management method for mulched farmland in semiarid areas.
基金supported by the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.ES202306).
文摘Treatment of precious metals in electronic waste has attracted tremendous attention and is essential for both environmental protection and resource sustainable development.In this study,a novel adsorbent for precious metal ions,V_(2)O_(3)spiny hollow nanospheres(pV_(2)O_(3)SHN),was synthe sized through a one-step hydrothermal-as sis ted methodology for the adsorption of Au(Ⅲ),Ag(Ⅰ),Pd(Ⅱ),and Pt(Ⅳ) from the leaching solution of electronic waste.The results reveal that the p-V2O3SHN hierarchy was successfully constructed with a hollow structure and dense spiny morphology.The prepared p-V2O3SHN can effectively remove precious metal ions such as Au(Ⅲ),Ag(Ⅰ),Pd(Ⅱ),and Pt(Ⅳ),with the selective capture order being Au(Ⅲ)> Ag(Ⅰ)> Pt(Ⅳ)> Pd(Ⅱ)> other metal ions.This superior adsorption capability can be attributed to the multi-diffusible,intermingled composition,and numerous active sites decorating the p-V2O3SHN hierarchy,facilitating the uptake of Au(Ⅲ),Ag(Ⅰ),Pd(Ⅱ),and Pt(Ⅳ) ions from electronic waste.The Langmuir model provided a better fit for the uptake process,revealing maximum uptake capacities of 833.33 mg/g for Au(Ⅲ),370.37 mg/g for Ag(Ⅰ),42.01 mg/g for Pd(Ⅱ),and 77.51 mg/g for Pt(Ⅳ) on p-V_(2)O_(3)SHN.Remarkably,p-V_(2)O_(3)SHN exhibited a robust affinity for the adsorbate due to the presence of surface defects and reduction reactions.The new p-V2O3SHN also demonstrated good reusability for three sorption cycles,highlighting its potential for electronic waste treatment.Due to its facile synthesis and excellent efficiency,hierarchical p-V2O3SHN presents itself as a promising candidate for the selective uptake of Au(Ⅲ),Ag(Ⅰ),Pt(Ⅳ),and Pd(Ⅱ) from electronic waste.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31600549).
文摘To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation activity across different plant parts(branch wood,branch bark,and pericarp)using various solvents(water,methanol,ethanol,and n-hexane).Our findings revealed that water extracts displayed superior antioxidant activities in ABTS and RP assays,while methanol extracts exhibited better performance in DPPH and FRAP assays.Moreover,methanol extracts demonstrated the highest effectiveness against anti-HepG2 cell proliferation,whereas n-hexane extracts showed greater efficiency in cholinesterase inhibition.Notably,branch bark extracts exhibited the highest levels of phytochemical compounds,with both branch bark and pericarp extracts demonstrating significant effects in cholinesterase inhibition and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation.Correlation analysis indicated that phytochemical compounds were primarily responsible for the observed biological activities.Overall,extracts from the branch bark and pericarp of E.mollis showed promising potential for antioxidant and anticancer activities,suggesting their suitability for applications in the pharmaceutical industry as health-promoting products.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35-PIG)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272847,U22A20516)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF1000602)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2022ZDLNY01–04)。
文摘Background Increased backfat thickness of sows in early gestation is negative to reproductive performance.Endometrial receptivity is an important determinant of reproductive success,but it is unclear whether the effect of sow backfat thickness on litter size is associated with endometrial receptivity and whether melatonin treatment may have benefits.The present study seeks to answer these questions through in vitro and in vivo investigations.Results Excessive lipid deposition and lower melatonin levels in the uterus are detrimental to endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation in high backfat thickness sows.In cells treated with melatonin,the MT2/PI3K/LIF axis played a role in reducing lipid accumulation in porcine endometrial epithelium cells and improved endometrial receptivity.Furthermore,we found a reduction of lipids in the uterus after eight weeks of intraperitoneal administration of melatonin to HFD mice.Notably,melatonin treatment caused a significant reduction in the deposition of endometrial collagen,an increase in the number of glands,and repair of the pinopode structure,ultimately improving endometrial receptivity,promoting embryo implantation,and increasing the number of litter size of mice.Conclusions Collectively,the finding reveals the harmful effects of high backfat thickness sows on embryo implantation and highlight the role of melatonin and the MT2/PI3K/LIF axis in improving endometrial receptivity by enhancing metabolism and reducing the levels of uterine lipids in obese animals.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(No 2021CXGC010803)Pan’an County Chinese Medicine Industry Project(No.PZYF202103).
文摘Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation.However,its influence on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil remains uncertain.This study investigated the dynamic changes in soil communities,potential bacterial pathogens,and ARG profiles under various organicmaterial treatments during RSD,including distillers’grains,potato peel,peanut vine,and peanut vine combined with charcoal.Results revealed that applying diverse organic materials in RSD significantly altered bacterial community composition and diminished the relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogens(P<0.05).The relative abundance of high-risk ARGs decreased by 10.7%-30.6%after RSD treatments,the main decreased ARG subtypeswere AAC(3)_Via,dfrA1,ErmB,lnuB,aadA.Actinobacteria was the primary host of ARGs and was suppressed by RSD.Soil physicochemical properties,such as total nitrogen,soil pH,total carbon,were crucial factors affecting ARG profiles.Our findings demonstrated that RSD treatment inhibited pathogenic bacteria and could be an option for reducing high-risk ARG proliferation in soil.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1300103)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Yantai City(2023ZDCX024)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372852)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shaanxi Province(2024JC-JCQN-30)Shaanxi Provincial Innovation Leadership Program in Sciences and Technologies for Young and Middle-aged Scientists(2023SR205)the China Agriculture Research System-beef(CARS-37)the Innovation Team of Cattle Industry in Technological System of Shandong Modern Agriculture Industry(SDAIT-09-03)the Key Research and Development Project in Shandong Province(Competitive Innovation Platform)(2022CXPT010).
文摘Background N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)methylation is a key epigenetic modification that can modulate gene expression and strongly affect mammalian developmental processes.However,the genome-wide methylation of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)and its implications for the development of skeletal muscle remain poorly understood.Bovine skeletal muscle samples from five developmental stages were analyzed in this study to establish lncRNA methylome and transcriptomic maps.Results Globally,59.67%of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle with m^(6)A modifications,and this percentage decreased progressively during development.lncRNA expression levels were positively associated with the number of m^(6)A peaks,with lncRNAs possessing 3 or more peaks showing significantly higher expression levels than those with 1 or 2 peaks.Specific lncRNAs involved in skeletal muscle development were identified through two analytical approaches.The first approach employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)of transcriptomic data to identify correlations between annotated lncRNAs and growth-related traits,resulting in 21 candidate hub lncRNAs.The intersection of these 21 hub lncRNAs with 151 differentially methylated lncRNAs(DM-lncRNAs)identified 10 shared candidate lncRNAs.The second approach integrated MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data to identify 36 lncRNAs that were both differentially m^(6)A modified and differentially expressed(dme-lncRNAs).GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of cis-target genes associated with these dme-lncRNAs identified eight candidate lncRNAs.Combining the results from the two approaches identified 16 key m^(6)A-modified lncRNAs likely involved in skeletal muscle development.Conclusions These findings highlight the regulatory and functional significance of dynamic lncRNA methylation in skeletal muscle development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071980)the Key Projects of Shaanxi Agricultural Collaborative Innovation and Extension Alliance(No.LMZD202201)+1 种基金the Key R&D Project in Shaanxi Province(No.2021LLRH-07)Shaanxi Natural Scientific Basic Research Program project(No.2022JQ-157).
文摘Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize production.Plastic film mulching is commonly used in the Loess Plateau region.Incorporating slow-release fertilizers as a replacement for urea within this practice can reduce nitrogen losses and enhance crop productivity.Combining these techniques represents a novel agricultural approach in semi-arid areas.However,the impact of this integration on soil carbon storage(SOCS),carbon footprint(CF),and economic benefits has received limited research attention.Therefore,we conducted an eight-year study(2015-2022)in the semi-arid northwestern region to quantify the effects of four treatments[urea supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-U),slow-release fertilizer supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-S),urea supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-U),and slow-release fertilizer supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-S)]on soil fertility,economic and environmental benefits.The results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary contributor to total GHG emissions(≥71.97%).Compared to other treatments,PM-S increased average grain yield by 12.01%-37.89%,water use efficiency by 9.19%-23.33%,nitrogen accumulation by 27.07%-66.19%,and net return by 6.21%-29.57%.Furthermore,PM-S decreased CF by 12.87%-44.31%and CF per net return by 14.25%-41.16%.After eight years,PM-S increased SOCS(0-40 cm)by 2.46%,while PM-U decreased it by 7.09%.These findings highlight the positive effects of PM-S on surface soil fertility,economic gains,and environmental benefits in spring maize production on the Loess Plateau,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption and application.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52109168)。
文摘In order to study the characteristics of pure fly ash-based geopolymer concrete(PFGC)conveniently,we used a machine learning method that can quantify the perception of characteristics to predict its compressive strength.In this study,505 groups of data were collected,and a new database of compressive strength of PFGC was constructed.In order to establish an accurate prediction model of compressive strength,five different types of machine learning networks were used for comparative analysis.The five machine learning models all showed good compressive strength prediction performance on PFGC.Among them,R2,MSE,RMSE and MAE of decision tree model(DT)are 0.99,1.58,1.25,and 0.25,respectively.While R2,MSE,RMSE and MAE of random forest model(RF)are 0.97,5.17,2.27 and 1.38,respectively.The two models have high prediction accuracy and outstanding generalization ability.In order to enhance the interpretability of model decision-making,we used importance ranking to obtain the perception of machine learning model to 13 variables.These 13 variables include chemical composition of fly ash(SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3),Si/Al),the ratio of alkaline liquid to the binder,curing temperature,curing durations inside oven,fly ash dosage,fine aggregate dosage,coarse aggregate dosage,extra water dosage and sodium hydroxide dosage.Curing temperature,specimen ages and curing durations inside oven have the greatest influence on the prediction results,indicating that curing conditions have more prominent influence on the compressive strength of PFGC than ordinary Portland cement concrete.The importance of curing conditions of PFGC even exceeds that of the concrete mix proportion,due to the low reactivity of pure fly ash.
基金funded by the the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (RENCAI2024002 and KJJQ2024014)the Natural Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1400200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20486, 32072470, 32001955 and 32470112)
文摘Lysobacter enzymogenes is less-studied, but emerging as a powerful biocontrol bacterium producing multiple antimicrobial weapons including lytic enzymes, toxins, secondary metabolites and protein secretion systems.The loss of surface-attached flagellum, production of heat-stable antifungal factor(HSAF, also named as Ningrongmycin) as a novel antifungal antibiotic, and the use of the type Ⅳ secretion system(T4SS) rather than the common type Ⅵ secretion system(T6SS) to kill competitor bacteria make this species unique. These distinct features set L. enzymogenes apart from well-studied plant beneficial biocontrol agents, such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas. This review describes what takes L. enzymogenes to be a unique biocontrol warrior by focusing to illustrate how the lack of flagellum governs morphological and functional co-adaptability, what adapted signaling transduction pathways are adopted to coordinate the biosynthesis of HSAF, and how to ecologically adapt plant rhizosphere by cell-to-cell interacting with microbiome members via the bacterial-killing T4SS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42177341)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shanxi,China(202203021222138).
文摘Organic material combined with inorganic fertilizer has been shown to greatly improve crop yield and maintain soil fertility globally. However, it remains unclear if crop yield and soil fertility can be sustained in the long term under the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Three long-term field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of organic amendments on the grain sustainable yield index(SYI), soil fertility index(SFI)and nutrient balance in maize–wheat cropping systems of central and southern China during 1991–2019. Five treatments were included in the trials: 1) no fertilization(control);2) balanced mineral fertilization(NPK);3) NPK plus manure(NPKM);4) high dose of NPK plus manure(1.5NPKM);and 5) NPK plus crop straw(NPKS). Over time, the grain yields of wheat and maize showed an increasing trend in all four fertilization treatments at the Yangling(YL) and Zhengzhou(ZZ) locations, while they declined at Qiyang(QY). The grain yield in the NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments gradually exceeded that of the NPK and NPKS treatments at the QY site. The largest SYI was recorded in the NPKM treatment across the three sites, suggesting that inorganic fertilizer combined with manure can effectively improve crop yield sustainability. Higher SYI values were recorded at the YL and ZZ sites than at the QY site, possibly because the soil was more acid at QY. The key factors affecting grain yield were soil available phosphorus(AP) and available potassium(AK) at the YL and ZZ sites, and pH and AP at the QY site.All fertilization treatments resulted in soil N and P surpluses at the three sites, but soil K surpluses were recorded only at the QY site. The SFI was greater in the 1.5NPKM, NPKM and NPKS treatments than in the NPK treatment by 13.3–40.0 and 16.4–63.6% at the YL and ZZ sites, respectively, and was significantly higher in the NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments than in the NPK and NPKS treatments at the QY site. A significant, positive linear relationship was found between SFI and crop yield, and SYI and nutrient balance, indicating that grain yield and its sustainability significantly increased with increasing soil fertility. The apparent N, P and K balances positively affected SFI.This study suggests that the appropriate amount of manure mixed with mineral NPK fertilizer is beneficial to the development of sustainable agriculture, which effectively increases the crop yield and yield sustainability by improving soil fertility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.72091511)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hebei Province (No.E2022402064).
文摘Tuojiang River Basin is a first-class tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River—which is the longest river in China.As phytoplankton are sensitive indicators of trophic changes inwater bodies,characterizing phytoplankton communities and their growth influencing factors in polluted urban rivers can provide new ideas for pollution control.Here,we used direct microscopic count and environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding methods to investigate phytoplankton community structure in Tuojiang River Basin(Chengdu,Sichuan Province,China).The association between phytoplankton community structure and water environmental factors was evaluated by Mantel analysis.Additional environmental monitoring data were used to pinpoint major factors that influenced phytoplankton growth based on structural equation modeling.At the phylum level,the dominant phytoplankton taxa identified by the conventional microscopic method mainly belonged to Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta,and Cyanophyta,in contrast with Chlorophyta,Dinophyceae,and Bacillariophyta identified by eDNA metabarcoding.Inα-diversity analysis,eDNA metabarcoding detected greater species diversity and achieved higher precision than the microscopic method.Phytoplankton growth was largely limited by phosphorus based on the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios>16:1 in all water samples.Redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling also confirmed that the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio was the principal factor influencing phytoplankton growth.The results could be useful for implementing comprehensive management of the river basin environment.It is recommended to control the discharge of point-and surface-source pollutants and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in areas with excessive nutrients(e.g.,Jianyang-Ziyang).Algae monitoring techniques and removal strategies should be improved in 201 Hospital,Hongrihe Bridge and Colmar Town areas.
文摘Overview of root system architecture.The plant root system is a highly dynamic and multifunctional organ system composed of primary roots,lateral roots,adventitious roots,and root hairs.Based on topological morphology,root systems can be classified as taproot systems or fibrous root systems.Root system architecture(RSA)refers to the spatial distribution and extension patterns of roots within soil,encompassing characteristics such as root length,branching angle,density,and spatial arrangement.RSA not only determines the plant’s capacity to acquire water and nutrients but also influences other root functions,playing a decisive role in overall plant health.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD1401000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072358 and 32272507)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province, China (2020JZ-15)。
文摘Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), is an airborne disease. In China, it frequently develops initially in central Shaanxi and southwestern Gansu, and from there, inoculum spreads to the eastern wheat production regions. Field investigations have suggested that Pst could spread from the west to the east within central Shaanxi andthat Gansu could serve as the inoculum source for central Shaanxi, but there is no direct evidence for this hypothetical dispersal route. In the current study, 321 Pst isolates collected from central Shaanxi and Gansu in the 2019–2020 and2020–2021 winter wheat cropping seasons were genotyped using 23 pairs of KASP-SNP markers. The dispersion among subpopulations was analyzed using several approaches, and overall, the populations were found to exhibit high levels of genetic diversity. There was little genetic divergence(0.05>FST>0) within central Shaanxi. However, significant gene flow(Nm>4) driven by wind-oriented dispersal from west(Baoji) to east(Weinan) occurred. There was also gene flow among the 4 Gansu subpopulations of Tianshui, Longnan, Pingliang, and Qingyang. Migration of the pathogen occurred between central Shaanxi and Gansu. Migration from Gansu to central Shaanxi was major compared with that from central Shaanxi to Gansu that was minor. Genetic variation occurred among isolates, instead of among subpopulations and within isolates. Linkage disequilibrium revealed that there was strong genetic recombination in the subpopulations from Gansu and central Shaanxi. Therefore, the present study provides molecular evidence that Pst spread from west to east in central Shaanxi and showed that Gansu(especially Longnan and Tianshui) was one of the major origins of the pathogen inoculum of wheat stripe rust in central Shaanxi. The results revealed the west-to-east transmission route of wheat stripe rust in central Shaanxi, being used to guide integrated management of the disease.
基金supported by the National Key Research And Development Program of China(2022YFD1300204)。
文摘Hair follicle stem cell(HFSC),capable of self-renewal and differentiation in hair follicle,represents an emerging stem cell model for regenerative medicine.The interaction between HFSC and dermal papilla cell(DPC)governs hair follicle development.FGF7 functions as a paracrine protein regulating epithelial proliferation,differentiation and migration.The single-cell transcriptome profling and immunofuorescence analysis demonstrated that FGF7 localizes at DPC,while FGF7 receptor(FGFR2)expresses in both DPC and HFSC.Through co-culture experiments of HFSC and DPC,the results indicated that FGF7 secreted from DPC promotes the proliferation of DPC and HFSC via Wnt signaling pathway and induces HFSC differentiation.Furthermore,CUT&Tag assay revealed genomic colocalization between FGF7 and pluripotency-related genes and GSK3β.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA)demonstrated that FGF7 interacts with the promoter region of CISH and PRKX.This research provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the hair cycle.Understanding the interaction between HFSC and DPC,as well as the role of FGF7,may advance regenerative medicine and hair loss treatment.
