Pulpotomy,which belongs to vital pulp therapy,has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades.This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing l...Pulpotomy,which belongs to vital pulp therapy,has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades.This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes.Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy(PP),the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue,and full pulpotomy(FP),the removal of whole coronal pulp,which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth.Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality,the overall treatment plan,the patient’s general health status,and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation.This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics,Chinese Stomatological Association.It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment(RCT)on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis,the development of capping biomaterial,and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine.This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy,which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.展开更多
Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate a...Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system,instrument-related factors,and instrumentation techniques.Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning,shaping,and obturation of the root canal,posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes.Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible,it carries risks including perforation,excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures.Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors,meticulous preoperative assessment,and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty.The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes.The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes,risk factors,and clinical management principles of instrument separation.By integrating effective strategies,endodontists can enhance decision-making,improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.展开更多
The prevalence of Class Ⅲ malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can serio...The prevalence of Class Ⅲ malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore,early orthodontic treatment for Class Ⅲ malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class Ⅲ malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class Ⅲ malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class Ⅲ malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.展开更多
Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but a...Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment.The prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties.This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment,advocating for proactive prevention,early detection,timely treatment,scientific follow-up,and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process,thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.展开更多
Intentional tooth replantation(ITR)is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions.ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction...Intentional tooth replantation(ITR)is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions.ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth;evaluation of the root surface,endodontic manipulation,and repair;and placement of the tooth back into its original socket.Case reports,case series,cohort studies,and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ITR in the retention of natural teeth that are untreatable or difficult to manage with root canal treatment or endodontic microsurgery.However,variations in clinical protocols for ITR exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the field of oral biology and dental materials.This heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners;therefore,guidelines and considerations for ITR should be explicated.This expert consensus discusses the biological foundation of ITR,the available clinical protocols and current status of ITR in treating teeth with refractory apical periodontitis or anatomical aberration,and the main complications of this treatment,aiming to refine the clinical management of ITR in accordance with the progress of basic research and clinical studies;the findings suggest that ITR may become a more consistent evidence-based option in dental treatment.展开更多
Herpes simplex virus （HSV）, a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a significant human pathogen that results in mucocutaneous lesions in the oral cavity or genital infections. Acyclovir （ACV） and related nucleos...Herpes simplex virus （HSV）, a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a significant human pathogen that results in mucocutaneous lesions in the oral cavity or genital infections. Acyclovir （ACV） and related nucleoside analogues can successfully treat HSV infections, but the emergence of drug resistance to ACV has created a barrier for the treatment of HSV infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. There is an urgent need to explore new and effective tactics to circumvent drug resistance to HSV. This review summarises the current strategies in the development of new targets （the DNA helicase/primase （H/P） complex）, new types of molecules （nature products） and new antiviral mechanisms （lethal mutagenesis of Janus-type nucleosides） to fight the drug resistance of HSV.展开更多
To improve five-year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),the development of a novel composite material of black phosphorus nanosheets(BPNSs)and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)for tumor treatment was carried ...To improve five-year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),the development of a novel composite material of black phosphorus nanosheets(BPNSs)and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)for tumor treatment was carried out.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cytostatic effects of BPNSs,AuNPs loaded with cisplatin(CDDP)on human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells lines(SCC-9),and 7,12-dimethylbenz anthracene induced cheek squamous cell carcinoma was validated in golden hamsters animal models.The results showed that BPNSs could efficiently inhibit the metastasis and growth of OSCC compared with CDDP and AuNPs.And a combination composite of AuNPs−BPNSs loaded with CDDP could more effectively inhibit the metastasis and growth of OSCC,which might be due to the high drug-loading capacity,excellent photothermal properties and the combination of photodynamic and photothermal therapy of BPNSs and AuNPs,as well as the synergistic effects of AuNPs,BPNSs and CDDP.展开更多
Background:Fibroblast activation protein(FAP),a cell surface serine protease,plays roles in tumor invasion and immune regulation.However,there is currently no pan-cancer analysis of FAP.Objective:We aimed to assess th...Background:Fibroblast activation protein(FAP),a cell surface serine protease,plays roles in tumor invasion and immune regulation.However,there is currently no pan-cancer analysis of FAP.Objective:We aimed to assess the pan-cancer expression profile of FAP,its molecular function,and its potential role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSC).Methods:We analyzed gene expression,survival status,immune infiltration,and molecular functional pathways of FAP in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Genotype Tissue Expression(GTEx)tumors.Furthermore,to elucidate the role of FAP in HNSC,we performed proliferation,migration,and invasion assays post-FAP overexpression or knock-down.Results:FAP expression was elevated in nine tumor types and was associated with poor survival in eight of them.In the context of immune infiltration,FAP expression negatively correlated with CD8+T-cell infiltration infive tumor types and positively with regulatory T-cell infiltration in four tumor types.Our enrichment analysis highlighted FAP’s involvement in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.In HNSC cells,FAP overexpression activated the PI3K-Akt pathway,promoting tumor proliferation,migration,and invasion.Conversely,FAP knockdown showed inhibitory effects.Conclusion:Our study unveils the association of FAP with poor tumor prognosis across multiple cancers and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target in HNSC.展开更多
Formate is an important liquid chemical,which can be produced by electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Most of the metal catalysts for CO_(2)RR to formate are toxic or noble metals,such as Cd,Hg...Formate is an important liquid chemical,which can be produced by electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Most of the metal catalysts for CO_(2)RR to formate are toxic or noble metals,such as Cd,Hg,Pb and Pd,leading to the environmental pollution or increased production costs.Herein,we develop an environmentally friendly and low-cost NiZn alloy catalyst for CO_(2)RR to formate.The X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)confirm the alloy structure of the prepared NiZn catalyst.As for a catalyst for CO_(2)RR,the NiZn alloy exhibits the FE_(HCOO)^(-)(Faraday efficiency of HCOO^(-))of 36±0.7%at-0.9 V vs.RHE in 0.1 M KHCO_(3),and remarkable stability for 40,000 s at-0.8,-0.9,-1.0 and-1.1 V vs.RHE,respectively.Theoretical calculation results indicate that the NiZn alloy exhibits the middle valence electron structure between the Zn and Ni metal,resulting in the favorable pathway for HCOOH formation but unfavorable for the hydrogen evolution reaction and CO production.The Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy results verify the modulated valence electron structure for NiZn alloy as compared to Ni and Zn,consistent with the theoretical calculation results.This work provides new insights into design of alloy catalysts for CO_(2)RR to formate.展开更多
Converting carbon dioxide(CO2)into value-added chemicals by CO2 reduction has been considered as a potential way to solve the current energy crisis and environmental problem.Among the methods of CO2 reduction,the elec...Converting carbon dioxide(CO2)into value-added chemicals by CO2 reduction has been considered as a potential way to solve the current energy crisis and environmental problem.Among the methods of CO2 reduction,the electrochemical method has been widely used due to its mild reaction condition and high reaction efficiency.In the electrochemical reduction system,the CO2 electrocatalyst is the most important part.Although many CO2 electrocatalysts have been developed,efficient catalysts with high activity,selectivity and stability are still lacking.Copper sulfide compound,as a low-toxicity and emerging material,has broad prospects in the field of CO2 reduction due to its unique structural and electrochemical properties.Much progress has been achieved with copper sulfide nanocrystalline and the field is rapidly developing.This paper summarizes the preparation,recent progress in development,and factors affecting the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction performance with copper sulfide compound as a catalyst.Prospects for future development are also outlined,with the aim of using copper sulfide compound as a highly active and stable electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction.展开更多
Co-delivery of chemical drugs and therapeutic genes for synergistic therapy provides a promising strategy to treat devastating diseases. However, the real-time coordination patterns between chemical drugs and therapeu...Co-delivery of chemical drugs and therapeutic genes for synergistic therapy provides a promising strategy to treat devastating diseases. However, the real-time coordination patterns between chemical drugs and therapeutic genes remain poorly understood. Herein, the complexes of doxorubicin/graphene oxidepolyethyleneimine/p53 plasmid（Dox/GO-PEI/p53） were fabricated and employed to investigate the synergistic manner between Dox and p53 in the inhibition of He La cell growth. GO was conjugated with PEI to form the GO-PEI backbone as the delivery vector. The GO backbone provided surfaces with a high specific area to load Dox via the π-π stacking interaction, and was able to release Dox significantly faster at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.0, while the positively charged PEI section of GO-PEI could condense plasmids into GO-PEI/DNA nanoparticles via the electrostatic interaction. The nanoparticles efficiently mediated the transfection of DNA in He La cells, with lower cytotoxicity compared to PEI/DNA nanoparticles. Furthermore, the complexes of Dox/GO-PEI/p53 released Dox and expressed p53 gene in a sequential manner,and showed successive inhibition of the in vitro growth of He La cells. This type of drug/GO-PEI/DNA complex can be employed as a platform to investigate the coordination pattern between chemical drugs and therapeutic genes for tumor therapy.展开更多
Infection is a common problem after implantation,and the currently used Ti-based implants have insufficient antibacterial activities.The newly developed Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys exhibited good mechanical propert...Infection is a common problem after implantation,and the currently used Ti-based implants have insufficient antibacterial activities.The newly developed Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys exhibited good mechanical properties,low elastic moduli,and high corrosion resistance.In this work,their antibacterial activities and antibacterial mechanisms were investigated.The surface roughness,wettability,and charge of the alloys were evaluated using a profilometer,drop shape analyzer,and electrokinetic analyzer,respectively.The antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis was investigated using the inhibition zone assay,plate count assay,live/dead staining,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The reactive oxygen species release(ROS)was evaluated using the 2’7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)assay.The results demonstrated that Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys had favorable smooth,hydrophilic,negatively charged surfaces that decreased bacteria adhesion and prevented biofilm formation.Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys also exhibited a time-dependent decrease in the bacteria adhesion and viability.Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys were also found to induce direct membrane damage and increase ROS production,resulting in significantly better antibacterial activities than CP-Ti.Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys exhibited comparable antibacterial activities.This work suggests that the newly developed Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys have good antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis and are promising candidate materials for dental and orthopedic implants.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence rate of severely curved root canals in mandibular molars is low,and the root canal treatment of mandibular molars with this aberrant canal anatomy may be technically challenging.CASE SUMMARY A...BACKGROUND The incidence rate of severely curved root canals in mandibular molars is low,and the root canal treatment of mandibular molars with this aberrant canal anatomy may be technically challenging.CASE SUMMARY A 26-year-old Chinese female patient presented with intermittent and occlusal pain in the left mandibular second molar.The patient had undergone filling restoration for caries before endodontic consultation.With the aid of cone beam computed tomography(CBCT),a large periapical radiolucency was observed,and curved root canals in a mandibular second molar were confirmed,depicting a severe and curved distolingual root.Nonsurgical treatments,including novel individualized preparation skills and techniques and the use of bioceramic materials as an apical barrier,were performed,and complete healing of the periapical lesion and a satisfactory effect were achieved.CONCLUSION A case of severely curved root canals in a mandibular second molar was successfully treated and are reported herein.The complex anatomy of the tooth and the postoperative effect were also evaluated via the three-dimensional reconstruction of CBCT images,which accurately identified the aberrant canal morphology.New devices and biomaterial applications combined with novel synthesis techniques can increase the success rate of intractable endodontic treatment.展开更多
Enhancing the antibacterial properties of the currently used implant materials is a major concern of healthcare providers to minimize the impact of peri-implant infection and improve implant survival rates.In this stu...Enhancing the antibacterial properties of the currently used implant materials is a major concern of healthcare providers to minimize the impact of peri-implant infection and improve implant survival rates.In this study,titanium-copper sintered alloys(3 wt% and 5 wt%Cu) were developed for medical implant applications.The phase identification,microstructure,copper ions release,and wettability of these alloys were evaluated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope(EDS),inductively coupled plasma spectroscope(ICP) and drop shape analyzer.The antibacterial activities of Ti-Cu alloys against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans were evaluated using inhibition zone assay,plate counting assay,live/dead fluorescent staining,SEM and reactive oxygen species(ROS) staining assay.The results demonstrated that Ti-Cu alloys are composed of α-Ti and Ti_(2)Cu phases that increased with increased Cu content of the alloy.Ti-Cu alloys exhibited antibacterial activity against both bacteria species in a time-dependent manner.The antibacterial rates of Ti-3Cu and Ti-5Cu after72 h were 57% and 70% against Porphyromonas gingivalis and 63% and 78% against Streptococcus mutans,respectively.The highest amount of Cu^(2+) released from these alloys was 0.3 mg·L^(-1) during the first 24 h,within the safe range.The copper ions release and ROS production were suggested as the main antibacterial mechanisms.Overall,Ti-Cu sintered alloys are promising materials for dental and orthopedic implants.展开更多
The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry,particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry,resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy,e...The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry,particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry,resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy,endodontic surgery,and dental restoration.However,the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings,primarily due to operators’insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment.In October 2019,Professor Jingping Liang,Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology,Chinese Stomatological Association,organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry.The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope.Subsequently,a consensus was reached and officially issued.Over the span of about four years,the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.展开更多
Chemical cleaning and disinfection are crucial steps for eliminating infection in root canal treatment. However, irrigant selection or irrigation procedures are far from clear. The vapor lock effect in the apical regi...Chemical cleaning and disinfection are crucial steps for eliminating infection in root canal treatment. However, irrigant selection or irrigation procedures are far from clear. The vapor lock effect in the apical region has yet to be solved, impeding irrigation efficacy and resulting in residual infections and compromised treatment outcomes.展开更多
The optical response of metal nanoparticles can be modified through near-field or far-field interaction,yet the lattice plasmon modes(LPMs)considered can only be excited from the latter.Here instead,we present a theor...The optical response of metal nanoparticles can be modified through near-field or far-field interaction,yet the lattice plasmon modes(LPMs)considered can only be excited from the latter.Here instead,we present a theoretical evaluation for LPM excitation via the near-field coupling process.The sample is an arrayed structure with specific units composed of upper metal disks,a lower metal hole and a sandwiched dielectric post.The excitation process and underlying mechanism of the LPM and the influence of the structure parameters on the optical properties have been investigated in detail by using a finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)numerical method.Our investigation presented here should advance the understanding of near-field interaction of plasmon modes for LPM excitation,and LPMs could find some potential applications,such as in near-field optical microscopes,biosensors,optical filters and plasmonic lasers.展开更多
The functional regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex is pivotal for tooth preservation,yet the molecular mechanisms governing odontoblast differentiation remain poorly understood.In the current study,we revealed a d...The functional regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex is pivotal for tooth preservation,yet the molecular mechanisms governing odontoblast differentiation remain poorly understood.In the current study,we revealed a distinct NKD1^(+) subpopulation exhibiting secretory odontoblast characteristics,which was specifically induced in dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs) by Wnt3a,but not by Wnt5a or Wnt10a through single-cell transcriptomic profiling.We then found that the NKD1^(+) subpopulation was functional conservation,which were consistently identified in the odontoblast layers of developing tooth germs in both murine and miniature pig models,as well as within the apical open area in human molars.This conserved spatial distribution and co-localization with DSPP strongly indicates that NKD1^(+) cells were active dentin-secreting odontoblasts.Analysis of gene regulatory networks using SCENIC identified MSX1 as a key transcription factor regulating the specification of NKD1^(+) lineage.Mechanistically,Wnt3a orchestrates a tripartite cascade:upregulating NKD1/MSX1 expression,triggering NKD1 membrane detachment,and facilitating direct NKD1-MSX1interaction to promote MSX1 nuclear translocation.CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated MSX1 occupancy at promoters of odontogenic regulato rs,esta blishing its necessity for odontogenic gene activation.Murine pulp exposure models validated that Wnt3a-activated NKD1-MSX1 signaling significantly enhances reparative dentin formation.This study delineates an evolutionarily conserved Wnt3aNKD1-MSX1 axis that resolves stem cell heterogeneity into functional odontoblast commitment,providing both mechanistic insights into dentin-pulp regeneration and a foundation for targeted regenerative therapies.展开更多
The incorporation of hydroxyapatite(HAP)into poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)matrix serving as bone scaffold is expected to exhibit bioactivity and osteoconductivity to those of the living bone.While too low degradation rate ...The incorporation of hydroxyapatite(HAP)into poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)matrix serving as bone scaffold is expected to exhibit bioactivity and osteoconductivity to those of the living bone.While too low degradation rate of HAP/PLLA scaffold hinders the activity because the embedded HAP in the PLLA matrix is difficult to contact and exchange ions with body fluid.In this study,biodegradable polymer poly(glycolic acid)(PGA)was blended into the HAP/PLLA scaffold fabricated by laser 3D printing to accelerate the degradation.The results indicated that the incorporation of PGA enhanced the degradation rate of scaffold as indicated by the weight loss increasing from 3.3%to 25.0%after immersion for 28 days,owing to the degradation of high hydrophilic PGA and the subsequent accelerated hydrolysis of PLLA chains.Moreover,a lot of pores produced by the degradation of the scaffold promoted the exposure of HAP from the matrix,which not only activated the deposition of bone like apatite on scaffold but also accelerated apatite growth.Cytocompatibility tests exhibited a good osteoblast adhesion,spreading and proliferation,suggesting the scaffold provided a suitable environment for cell cultivation.Furthermore,the scaffold displayed excellent bone defect repair capacity with the formation of abundant new bone tissue and blood vessel tissue,and both ends of defect region were bridged after 8 weeks of implantation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82170941 and 82370948 to Lu Zhang,82071110 and 82230029 to Zhi Chen)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1105100)。
文摘Pulpotomy,which belongs to vital pulp therapy,has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades.This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes.Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy(PP),the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue,and full pulpotomy(FP),the removal of whole coronal pulp,which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth.Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality,the overall treatment plan,the patient’s general health status,and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation.This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics,Chinese Stomatological Association.It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment(RCT)on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis,the development of capping biomaterial,and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine.This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy,which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
文摘Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system,instrument-related factors,and instrumentation techniques.Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning,shaping,and obturation of the root canal,posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes.Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible,it carries risks including perforation,excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures.Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors,meticulous preoperative assessment,and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty.The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes.The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes,risk factors,and clinical management principles of instrument separation.By integrating effective strategies,endodontists can enhance decision-making,improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
文摘The prevalence of Class Ⅲ malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore,early orthodontic treatment for Class Ⅲ malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class Ⅲ malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class Ⅲ malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class Ⅲ malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
基金funded with National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2405904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11932012,and 32171348).
文摘Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment.The prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties.This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment,advocating for proactive prevention,early detection,timely treatment,scientific follow-up,and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process,thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
文摘Intentional tooth replantation(ITR)is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions.ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth;evaluation of the root surface,endodontic manipulation,and repair;and placement of the tooth back into its original socket.Case reports,case series,cohort studies,and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ITR in the retention of natural teeth that are untreatable or difficult to manage with root canal treatment or endodontic microsurgery.However,variations in clinical protocols for ITR exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the field of oral biology and dental materials.This heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners;therefore,guidelines and considerations for ITR should be explicated.This expert consensus discusses the biological foundation of ITR,the available clinical protocols and current status of ITR in treating teeth with refractory apical periodontitis or anatomical aberration,and the main complications of this treatment,aiming to refine the clinical management of ITR in accordance with the progress of basic research and clinical studies;the findings suggest that ITR may become a more consistent evidence-based option in dental treatment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundations of China(document no.:81321002,81500860,81300888)a grant from 111 Project of Ministry of Education,China,for fi nancial support
文摘Herpes simplex virus （HSV）, a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a significant human pathogen that results in mucocutaneous lesions in the oral cavity or genital infections. Acyclovir （ACV） and related nucleoside analogues can successfully treat HSV infections, but the emergence of drug resistance to ACV has created a barrier for the treatment of HSV infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. There is an urgent need to explore new and effective tactics to circumvent drug resistance to HSV. This review summarises the current strategies in the development of new targets （the DNA helicase/primase （H/P） complex）, new types of molecules （nature products） and new antiviral mechanisms （lethal mutagenesis of Janus-type nucleosides） to fight the drug resistance of HSV.
基金The authors are grateful for financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81671003)Hunan Graduate Education Innovation and Professional Ability Improvement Project,China(No.CX20200329)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,China(No.2020zzts056).
文摘To improve five-year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),the development of a novel composite material of black phosphorus nanosheets(BPNSs)and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)for tumor treatment was carried out.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cytostatic effects of BPNSs,AuNPs loaded with cisplatin(CDDP)on human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells lines(SCC-9),and 7,12-dimethylbenz anthracene induced cheek squamous cell carcinoma was validated in golden hamsters animal models.The results showed that BPNSs could efficiently inhibit the metastasis and growth of OSCC compared with CDDP and AuNPs.And a combination composite of AuNPs−BPNSs loaded with CDDP could more effectively inhibit the metastasis and growth of OSCC,which might be due to the high drug-loading capacity,excellent photothermal properties and the combination of photodynamic and photothermal therapy of BPNSs and AuNPs,as well as the synergistic effects of AuNPs,BPNSs and CDDP.
基金This study was supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170972).
文摘Background:Fibroblast activation protein(FAP),a cell surface serine protease,plays roles in tumor invasion and immune regulation.However,there is currently no pan-cancer analysis of FAP.Objective:We aimed to assess the pan-cancer expression profile of FAP,its molecular function,and its potential role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSC).Methods:We analyzed gene expression,survival status,immune infiltration,and molecular functional pathways of FAP in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Genotype Tissue Expression(GTEx)tumors.Furthermore,to elucidate the role of FAP in HNSC,we performed proliferation,migration,and invasion assays post-FAP overexpression or knock-down.Results:FAP expression was elevated in nine tumor types and was associated with poor survival in eight of them.In the context of immune infiltration,FAP expression negatively correlated with CD8+T-cell infiltration infive tumor types and positively with regulatory T-cell infiltration in four tumor types.Our enrichment analysis highlighted FAP’s involvement in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.In HNSC cells,FAP overexpression activated the PI3K-Akt pathway,promoting tumor proliferation,migration,and invasion.Conversely,FAP knockdown showed inhibitory effects.Conclusion:Our study unveils the association of FAP with poor tumor prognosis across multiple cancers and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target in HNSC.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(21872174,22002189,U1932148)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program(2017YFE0127800,2018YFE0203402)+5 种基金the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Program(2017XK2026)the Hunan Province Key Field R&D Program(2020WK2002)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2020JJ2041,2020JJ5691)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Project(JCYJ20180307151313532)the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(2017TP1001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University。
文摘Formate is an important liquid chemical,which can be produced by electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Most of the metal catalysts for CO_(2)RR to formate are toxic or noble metals,such as Cd,Hg,Pb and Pd,leading to the environmental pollution or increased production costs.Herein,we develop an environmentally friendly and low-cost NiZn alloy catalyst for CO_(2)RR to formate.The X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)confirm the alloy structure of the prepared NiZn catalyst.As for a catalyst for CO_(2)RR,the NiZn alloy exhibits the FE_(HCOO)^(-)(Faraday efficiency of HCOO^(-))of 36±0.7%at-0.9 V vs.RHE in 0.1 M KHCO_(3),and remarkable stability for 40,000 s at-0.8,-0.9,-1.0 and-1.1 V vs.RHE,respectively.Theoretical calculation results indicate that the NiZn alloy exhibits the middle valence electron structure between the Zn and Ni metal,resulting in the favorable pathway for HCOOH formation but unfavorable for the hydrogen evolution reaction and CO production.The Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy results verify the modulated valence electron structure for NiZn alloy as compared to Ni and Zn,consistent with the theoretical calculation results.This work provides new insights into design of alloy catalysts for CO_(2)RR to formate.
基金the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents of China,Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2018M640759)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21872174 and U1932148)+4 种基金Project of Innovation-Driven Plan in Central South University(Grant No.20180018050001)State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,International Science and Technology Cooperation Program(Grant No.2017YFE0127800)Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Program(2017XK2026)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Project(Grant No.JCYJ20180307151313532)Thousand Youth Talents Plan of China and Hundred Youth Talents Program of Hunan.
文摘Converting carbon dioxide(CO2)into value-added chemicals by CO2 reduction has been considered as a potential way to solve the current energy crisis and environmental problem.Among the methods of CO2 reduction,the electrochemical method has been widely used due to its mild reaction condition and high reaction efficiency.In the electrochemical reduction system,the CO2 electrocatalyst is the most important part.Although many CO2 electrocatalysts have been developed,efficient catalysts with high activity,selectivity and stability are still lacking.Copper sulfide compound,as a low-toxicity and emerging material,has broad prospects in the field of CO2 reduction due to its unique structural and electrochemical properties.Much progress has been achieved with copper sulfide nanocrystalline and the field is rapidly developing.This paper summarizes the preparation,recent progress in development,and factors affecting the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction performance with copper sulfide compound as a catalyst.Prospects for future development are also outlined,with the aim of using copper sulfide compound as a highly active and stable electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670997)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2015JJ1007)the Basic Research Program of Shenzhen City(No.JCYJ20160530193417959)
文摘Co-delivery of chemical drugs and therapeutic genes for synergistic therapy provides a promising strategy to treat devastating diseases. However, the real-time coordination patterns between chemical drugs and therapeutic genes remain poorly understood. Herein, the complexes of doxorubicin/graphene oxidepolyethyleneimine/p53 plasmid（Dox/GO-PEI/p53） were fabricated and employed to investigate the synergistic manner between Dox and p53 in the inhibition of He La cell growth. GO was conjugated with PEI to form the GO-PEI backbone as the delivery vector. The GO backbone provided surfaces with a high specific area to load Dox via the π-π stacking interaction, and was able to release Dox significantly faster at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.0, while the positively charged PEI section of GO-PEI could condense plasmids into GO-PEI/DNA nanoparticles via the electrostatic interaction. The nanoparticles efficiently mediated the transfection of DNA in He La cells, with lower cytotoxicity compared to PEI/DNA nanoparticles. Furthermore, the complexes of Dox/GO-PEI/p53 released Dox and expressed p53 gene in a sequential manner,and showed successive inhibition of the in vitro growth of He La cells. This type of drug/GO-PEI/DNA complex can be employed as a platform to investigate the coordination pattern between chemical drugs and therapeutic genes for tumor therapy.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2020JJ4732 and 2020JJ4933)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52071343)
文摘Infection is a common problem after implantation,and the currently used Ti-based implants have insufficient antibacterial activities.The newly developed Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys exhibited good mechanical properties,low elastic moduli,and high corrosion resistance.In this work,their antibacterial activities and antibacterial mechanisms were investigated.The surface roughness,wettability,and charge of the alloys were evaluated using a profilometer,drop shape analyzer,and electrokinetic analyzer,respectively.The antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis was investigated using the inhibition zone assay,plate count assay,live/dead staining,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The reactive oxygen species release(ROS)was evaluated using the 2’7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)assay.The results demonstrated that Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys had favorable smooth,hydrophilic,negatively charged surfaces that decreased bacteria adhesion and prevented biofilm formation.Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys also exhibited a time-dependent decrease in the bacteria adhesion and viability.Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys were also found to induce direct membrane damage and increase ROS production,resulting in significantly better antibacterial activities than CP-Ti.Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys exhibited comparable antibacterial activities.This work suggests that the newly developed Zr-30Ta and Zr-25Ta-5Ti alloys have good antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis and are promising candidate materials for dental and orthopedic implants.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.S2021JJQNJJ1682Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.kq 2014215.
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence rate of severely curved root canals in mandibular molars is low,and the root canal treatment of mandibular molars with this aberrant canal anatomy may be technically challenging.CASE SUMMARY A 26-year-old Chinese female patient presented with intermittent and occlusal pain in the left mandibular second molar.The patient had undergone filling restoration for caries before endodontic consultation.With the aid of cone beam computed tomography(CBCT),a large periapical radiolucency was observed,and curved root canals in a mandibular second molar were confirmed,depicting a severe and curved distolingual root.Nonsurgical treatments,including novel individualized preparation skills and techniques and the use of bioceramic materials as an apical barrier,were performed,and complete healing of the periapical lesion and a satisfactory effect were achieved.CONCLUSION A case of severely curved root canals in a mandibular second molar was successfully treated and are reported herein.The complex anatomy of the tooth and the postoperative effect were also evaluated via the three-dimensional reconstruction of CBCT images,which accurately identified the aberrant canal morphology.New devices and biomaterial applications combined with novel synthesis techniques can increase the success rate of intractable endodontic treatment.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51404302 and 51801003)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Nos.2020JJ4732 and 2020JJ4933)。
文摘Enhancing the antibacterial properties of the currently used implant materials is a major concern of healthcare providers to minimize the impact of peri-implant infection and improve implant survival rates.In this study,titanium-copper sintered alloys(3 wt% and 5 wt%Cu) were developed for medical implant applications.The phase identification,microstructure,copper ions release,and wettability of these alloys were evaluated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope(EDS),inductively coupled plasma spectroscope(ICP) and drop shape analyzer.The antibacterial activities of Ti-Cu alloys against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans were evaluated using inhibition zone assay,plate counting assay,live/dead fluorescent staining,SEM and reactive oxygen species(ROS) staining assay.The results demonstrated that Ti-Cu alloys are composed of α-Ti and Ti_(2)Cu phases that increased with increased Cu content of the alloy.Ti-Cu alloys exhibited antibacterial activity against both bacteria species in a time-dependent manner.The antibacterial rates of Ti-3Cu and Ti-5Cu after72 h were 57% and 70% against Porphyromonas gingivalis and 63% and 78% against Streptococcus mutans,respectively.The highest amount of Cu^(2+) released from these alloys was 0.3 mg·L^(-1) during the first 24 h,within the safe range.The copper ions release and ROS production were suggested as the main antibacterial mechanisms.Overall,Ti-Cu sintered alloys are promising materials for dental and orthopedic implants.
文摘The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry,particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry,resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy,endodontic surgery,and dental restoration.However,the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings,primarily due to operators’insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment.In October 2019,Professor Jingping Liang,Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology,Chinese Stomatological Association,organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry.The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope.Subsequently,a consensus was reached and officially issued.Over the span of about four years,the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.
文摘Chemical cleaning and disinfection are crucial steps for eliminating infection in root canal treatment. However, irrigant selection or irrigation procedures are far from clear. The vapor lock effect in the apical region has yet to be solved, impeding irrigation efficacy and resulting in residual infections and compromised treatment outcomes.
基金Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies(Southern University of Science and Technology),Ministry of Education,Shenzhen,China,the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB0406702)Professorship Startup Funding(Grant No.217056)+1 种基金Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University(Grant No.2018CX001)Project of State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing,Central South University(Grant No.ZZYJKT2018-01).
文摘The optical response of metal nanoparticles can be modified through near-field or far-field interaction,yet the lattice plasmon modes(LPMs)considered can only be excited from the latter.Here instead,we present a theoretical evaluation for LPM excitation via the near-field coupling process.The sample is an arrayed structure with specific units composed of upper metal disks,a lower metal hole and a sandwiched dielectric post.The excitation process and underlying mechanism of the LPM and the influence of the structure parameters on the optical properties have been investigated in detail by using a finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)numerical method.Our investigation presented here should advance the understanding of near-field interaction of plasmon modes for LPM excitation,and LPMs could find some potential applications,such as in near-field optical microscopes,biosensors,optical filters and plasmonic lasers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82170951,82470961)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7222079)+4 种基金the Beijing Hospital Authority"Dengfeng"Talent Training Plan (DFL 20221301)the Beijing Stomatological HospitalCapital Medical University Young Scientist Program (No.YSP202401)the Laboratory for Clinical Medicine and the Central Laboratory of Capital Medical University for their technical support and fundingthe Japan China Sasakawa Medical Fellowship for their generous support and funding。
文摘The functional regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex is pivotal for tooth preservation,yet the molecular mechanisms governing odontoblast differentiation remain poorly understood.In the current study,we revealed a distinct NKD1^(+) subpopulation exhibiting secretory odontoblast characteristics,which was specifically induced in dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs) by Wnt3a,but not by Wnt5a or Wnt10a through single-cell transcriptomic profiling.We then found that the NKD1^(+) subpopulation was functional conservation,which were consistently identified in the odontoblast layers of developing tooth germs in both murine and miniature pig models,as well as within the apical open area in human molars.This conserved spatial distribution and co-localization with DSPP strongly indicates that NKD1^(+) cells were active dentin-secreting odontoblasts.Analysis of gene regulatory networks using SCENIC identified MSX1 as a key transcription factor regulating the specification of NKD1^(+) lineage.Mechanistically,Wnt3a orchestrates a tripartite cascade:upregulating NKD1/MSX1 expression,triggering NKD1 membrane detachment,and facilitating direct NKD1-MSX1interaction to promote MSX1 nuclear translocation.CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated MSX1 occupancy at promoters of odontogenic regulato rs,esta blishing its necessity for odontogenic gene activation.Murine pulp exposure models validated that Wnt3a-activated NKD1-MSX1 signaling significantly enhances reparative dentin formation.This study delineates an evolutionarily conserved Wnt3aNKD1-MSX1 axis that resolves stem cell heterogeneity into functional odontoblast commitment,providing both mechanistic insights into dentin-pulp regeneration and a foundation for targeted regenerative therapies.
基金This work was supported by the following funds:(1)The Natural Science Foundation of China(51905553,51935014,81871494,81871498)(2)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2019JJ50774,2019JJ50588)+5 种基金(3)The Provincial Key R&D Projects of Jiangxi(20201BBE51012)(4)JiangXi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(20192ACB20005)(5)Guangdong Province Higher Vocational Colleges&Schools Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(2018)(6)The Project of Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan(2017RS3008)(7)The Project of State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing,Central South University(8)Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan Project(JCYJ20170817112445033).
文摘The incorporation of hydroxyapatite(HAP)into poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)matrix serving as bone scaffold is expected to exhibit bioactivity and osteoconductivity to those of the living bone.While too low degradation rate of HAP/PLLA scaffold hinders the activity because the embedded HAP in the PLLA matrix is difficult to contact and exchange ions with body fluid.In this study,biodegradable polymer poly(glycolic acid)(PGA)was blended into the HAP/PLLA scaffold fabricated by laser 3D printing to accelerate the degradation.The results indicated that the incorporation of PGA enhanced the degradation rate of scaffold as indicated by the weight loss increasing from 3.3%to 25.0%after immersion for 28 days,owing to the degradation of high hydrophilic PGA and the subsequent accelerated hydrolysis of PLLA chains.Moreover,a lot of pores produced by the degradation of the scaffold promoted the exposure of HAP from the matrix,which not only activated the deposition of bone like apatite on scaffold but also accelerated apatite growth.Cytocompatibility tests exhibited a good osteoblast adhesion,spreading and proliferation,suggesting the scaffold provided a suitable environment for cell cultivation.Furthermore,the scaffold displayed excellent bone defect repair capacity with the formation of abundant new bone tissue and blood vessel tissue,and both ends of defect region were bridged after 8 weeks of implantation.
