The pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has become an undying virus to spread a sustainable disease named COVID-19 for upcoming few years.Mortality rates are rising rapidly as approved drugs are not yet available.Isolation from the i...The pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has become an undying virus to spread a sustainable disease named COVID-19 for upcoming few years.Mortality rates are rising rapidly as approved drugs are not yet available.Isolation from the infected person or community is the preferred choice to protect our health.Since humans are the only carriers,it might be possible to control the positive rate if the infected population or host carriers are isolated from each other.Isolation alone may not be a proper solution.These are the resolutions of previous research work carried out on COVID-19 throughout the world.The present scenario of the world and public health is knocking hard with a big question of critical uncertainty of COVID-19 because of its imprecise database as per daily positive cases recorded all over the world and in India as well.In this research work,we have pre-sented an optimal control model for COVID-19 using granular differentiability based on fuzzy dynamical systems.In the first step,we created a fuzzy Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Asymptomatic-Hospitalized-Recovered-Death(SEIAHRD)model for COVID-19,analyzed it using granular differentiability,and reported disease dynamics for time-independent disease control parameters.In the second step,we upgraded the fuzzy dynamical system and granular differentiability model related to time-dependent disease control parameters as an optimal control problem invader.Theoretical studies have been validated with some practical data from the epidemic COVID-19 related to the Indian perspective during first wave and early second wave.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to determine the relationship between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration through the mechanism of moral courage and enhance our understanding of the importance of these nursing...Objectives:This study aimed to determine the relationship between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration through the mechanism of moral courage and enhance our understanding of the importance of these nursing concepts to enable the nurses to develop better coping strategies for work-life integration.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was performed with 249 nurses,including staff nurses,ICU and critical care nurses,operation theatre nurses,pediatric nurses from 17 hospitals.Emotional Reflexivity,work-life integration,and courage were measured using a demographic information questionnaire,Life Project Reflexivity Scale(LPRS),Nurse’s Moral Courage Scale(NMCS),andWork-Life Boundary Enactment(WLBE)scale.A series of multiple regressions analyzed the mediating effect.Results:Emotional Reflexivity was positively correlated with work-life integration(b=0.66,P<0.01).There was a positive correlation between emotional reflexivity and moral courage.But the path did not get the necessary support in the structural equation modeling(SEM)(b=0.13,P=0.40).When controlling for courage(b=0.42,P<0.01),the association was significant between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration with partial mediation.Conclusion:The study reported a positive correlation between reflexivity and work-life integration.Thus,nurses’work-life integration becomes better by reinforcing their emotional reflexivity and moral courage.展开更多
In the nonparametric data envelopment analysis literature,scale elasticity is evaluated in two alternative ways:using either the technical efficiency model or the cost efficiency model.This evaluation becomes problema...In the nonparametric data envelopment analysis literature,scale elasticity is evaluated in two alternative ways:using either the technical efficiency model or the cost efficiency model.This evaluation becomes problematic in several situations,for example(a)when input proportions change in the long run,(b)when inputs are heterogeneous,and(c)when firms face ex-ante price uncertainty in making their production decisions.To address these situations,a scale elasticity evaluation was performed using a value-based cost efficiency model.However,this alternative value-based scale elasticity evaluation is sensitive to the uncertainty and variability underlying input and output data.Therefore,in this study,we introduce a stochastic cost-efficiency model based on chance-constrained programming to develop a value-based measure of the scale elasticity of firms facing data uncertainty.An illustrative empirical application to the Indian banking industry comprising 71 banks for eight years(1998–2005)was made to compare inferences about their efficiency and scale properties.The key findings are as follows:First,both the deterministic model and our proposed stochastic model yield distinctly different results concerning the efficiency and scale elasticity scores at various tolerance levels of chance constraints.However,both models yield the same results at a tolerance level of 0.5,implying that the deterministic model is a special case of the stochastic model in that it reveals the same efficiency and returns to scale characterizations of banks.Second,the stochastic model generates higher efficiency scores for inefficient banks than its deterministic counterpart.Third,public banks exhibit higher efficiency than private and foreign banks.Finally,public and old private banks mostly exhibit either decreasing or constant returns to scale,whereas foreign and new private banks experience either increasing or decreasing returns to scale.Although the application of our proposed stochastic model is illustrative,it can be potentially applied to all firms in the information and distribution-intensive industry with high fixed costs,which have ample potential for reaping scale and scope benefits.展开更多
文摘The pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has become an undying virus to spread a sustainable disease named COVID-19 for upcoming few years.Mortality rates are rising rapidly as approved drugs are not yet available.Isolation from the infected person or community is the preferred choice to protect our health.Since humans are the only carriers,it might be possible to control the positive rate if the infected population or host carriers are isolated from each other.Isolation alone may not be a proper solution.These are the resolutions of previous research work carried out on COVID-19 throughout the world.The present scenario of the world and public health is knocking hard with a big question of critical uncertainty of COVID-19 because of its imprecise database as per daily positive cases recorded all over the world and in India as well.In this research work,we have pre-sented an optimal control model for COVID-19 using granular differentiability based on fuzzy dynamical systems.In the first step,we created a fuzzy Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Asymptomatic-Hospitalized-Recovered-Death(SEIAHRD)model for COVID-19,analyzed it using granular differentiability,and reported disease dynamics for time-independent disease control parameters.In the second step,we upgraded the fuzzy dynamical system and granular differentiability model related to time-dependent disease control parameters as an optimal control problem invader.Theoretical studies have been validated with some practical data from the epidemic COVID-19 related to the Indian perspective during first wave and early second wave.
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to determine the relationship between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration through the mechanism of moral courage and enhance our understanding of the importance of these nursing concepts to enable the nurses to develop better coping strategies for work-life integration.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was performed with 249 nurses,including staff nurses,ICU and critical care nurses,operation theatre nurses,pediatric nurses from 17 hospitals.Emotional Reflexivity,work-life integration,and courage were measured using a demographic information questionnaire,Life Project Reflexivity Scale(LPRS),Nurse’s Moral Courage Scale(NMCS),andWork-Life Boundary Enactment(WLBE)scale.A series of multiple regressions analyzed the mediating effect.Results:Emotional Reflexivity was positively correlated with work-life integration(b=0.66,P<0.01).There was a positive correlation between emotional reflexivity and moral courage.But the path did not get the necessary support in the structural equation modeling(SEM)(b=0.13,P=0.40).When controlling for courage(b=0.42,P<0.01),the association was significant between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration with partial mediation.Conclusion:The study reported a positive correlation between reflexivity and work-life integration.Thus,nurses’work-life integration becomes better by reinforcing their emotional reflexivity and moral courage.
文摘In the nonparametric data envelopment analysis literature,scale elasticity is evaluated in two alternative ways:using either the technical efficiency model or the cost efficiency model.This evaluation becomes problematic in several situations,for example(a)when input proportions change in the long run,(b)when inputs are heterogeneous,and(c)when firms face ex-ante price uncertainty in making their production decisions.To address these situations,a scale elasticity evaluation was performed using a value-based cost efficiency model.However,this alternative value-based scale elasticity evaluation is sensitive to the uncertainty and variability underlying input and output data.Therefore,in this study,we introduce a stochastic cost-efficiency model based on chance-constrained programming to develop a value-based measure of the scale elasticity of firms facing data uncertainty.An illustrative empirical application to the Indian banking industry comprising 71 banks for eight years(1998–2005)was made to compare inferences about their efficiency and scale properties.The key findings are as follows:First,both the deterministic model and our proposed stochastic model yield distinctly different results concerning the efficiency and scale elasticity scores at various tolerance levels of chance constraints.However,both models yield the same results at a tolerance level of 0.5,implying that the deterministic model is a special case of the stochastic model in that it reveals the same efficiency and returns to scale characterizations of banks.Second,the stochastic model generates higher efficiency scores for inefficient banks than its deterministic counterpart.Third,public banks exhibit higher efficiency than private and foreign banks.Finally,public and old private banks mostly exhibit either decreasing or constant returns to scale,whereas foreign and new private banks experience either increasing or decreasing returns to scale.Although the application of our proposed stochastic model is illustrative,it can be potentially applied to all firms in the information and distribution-intensive industry with high fixed costs,which have ample potential for reaping scale and scope benefits.
