The Internet of Things(IoT)is integral to modern infrastructure,enabling connectivity among a wide range of devices from home automation to industrial control systems.With the exponential increase in data generated by...The Internet of Things(IoT)is integral to modern infrastructure,enabling connectivity among a wide range of devices from home automation to industrial control systems.With the exponential increase in data generated by these interconnected devices,robust anomaly detection mechanisms are essential.Anomaly detection in this dynamic environment necessitates methods that can accurately distinguish between normal and anomalous behavior by learning intricate patterns.This paper presents a novel approach utilizing generative adversarial networks(GANs)for anomaly detection in IoT systems.However,optimizing GANs involves tuning hyper-parameters such as learning rate,batch size,and optimization algorithms,which can be challenging due to the non-convex nature of GAN loss functions.To address this,we propose a five-dimensional Gray wolf optimizer(5DGWO)to optimize GAN hyper-parameters.The 5DGWO introduces two new types of wolves:gamma(γ)for improved exploitation and convergence,and theta(θ)for enhanced exploration and escaping local minima.The proposed system framework comprises four key stages:1)preprocessing,2)generative model training,3)autoencoder(AE)training,and 4)predictive model training.The generative models are utilized to assist the AE training,and the final predictive models(including convolutional neural network(CNN),deep belief network(DBN),recurrent neural network(RNN),random forest(RF),and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost))are trained using the generated data and AE-encoded features.We evaluated the system on three benchmark datasets:NSL-KDD,UNSW-NB15,and IoT-23.Experiments conducted on diverse IoT datasets show that our method outperforms existing anomaly detection strategies and significantly reduces false positives.The 5DGWO-GAN-CNNAE exhibits superior performance in various metrics,including accuracy,recall,precision,root mean square error(RMSE),and convergence trend.The proposed 5DGWO-GAN-CNNAE achieved the lowest RMSE values across the NSL-KDD,UNSW-NB15,and IoT-23 datasets,with values of 0.24,1.10,and 0.09,respectively.Additionally,it attained the highest accuracy,ranging from 94%to 100%.These results suggest a promising direction for future IoT security frameworks,offering a scalable and efficient solution to safeguard against evolving cyber threats.展开更多
Animal coloration has a wide range of biological functions and may be subject to different,sometimes conficting,selective pressures.In crustaceans,the evolution of coloration is relatively unstudied,despite the broad ...Animal coloration has a wide range of biological functions and may be subject to different,sometimes conficting,selective pressures.In crustaceans,the evolution of coloration is relatively unstudied,despite the broad range of colors and color patterns,which includes variability at multiple levels.Freshwater crayfsh are known to show color variability within species and populations,as well as intra-individual variability,but thefunction,if any,of crayfsh coloration is largely unknown.Here,I report on an experiment to understand patterns of color variability in the crayfsh Faxonius virilis and show that variation is strongly correlated to ontogenetic changes from a summer non-reproductive form to a fall reproductiveform.Crayfsh showed comparatively little inter-and intra-individual color variation in their non-reproductive form,but substantial variation at bothlevels in the reproductive form.Transition to the reproductive form was associated with the development of greener or bluer coloration localizedto the chelae on a subset of individuals,but these changes showed no clear correlation with sex or body size.Future investigations should focuson determining whether differences in color between individuals in the mating season are associated with any physiological or behavioral differences,or with differential susceptibility to predation.展开更多
Designing high-performance high-entropy alloys(HEAs)with transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)or twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)effects requires precise control over stacking fault energy(SFE)and phase stability.H...Designing high-performance high-entropy alloys(HEAs)with transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)or twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)effects requires precise control over stacking fault energy(SFE)and phase stability.However,the vast complexity of multicomponent systems poses a major challenge for identifying promising candidates through conventional experimental or computational methods.A high-throughput CALPHAD framework is developed to identify compositions with potential TWIP/TRIP behaviors in the Cr-Co-Ni and Cr-Co-Ni-Fe systems through systematic screening of stacking fault energy(SFE),FCC phase stability,and FCC-to-HCP transition temperatures(T0).The approach combines TC-Python automation with parallel Gibbs energy calculations across hundreds of thousands of compositions,enabling efficient extraction of metastable FCC-dominant alloys.The high-throughput results find 214 compositions with desired properties from 160,000 candidates.Detailed analysis of the Gibbs energy distributions,phase fraction trends,and temperature-dependent SFE evolution reveals critical insights into the thermodynamic landscape governing plasticity mechanisms in HEAs.The results show that only a narrow region of the compositional space satisfies all screening criteria,emphasizing the necessity of an integrated approach.The screened compositions and trends provide a foundation for targeted experimental validation.Furthermore,this work demonstrates a scalable,composition-resolved strategy for predicting deformation mechanisms in multicomponent alloys and offers a blueprint for integrating thermodynamic screening with mechanistic understanding in HEA design.展开更多
The intrinsic property of MXenes to adsorb dyes with high Raman scattering cross-sections makes them promising candidates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)biosensors.In the study,we report a vanadium carbide...The intrinsic property of MXenes to adsorb dyes with high Raman scattering cross-sections makes them promising candidates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)biosensors.In the study,we report a vanadium carbide MXene(V_(2)CT_(x))-based SERS biosensor tag,V_(2)CT_(x)@Thi(thionine)@Au NPs(gold nanoparticles)-Ab(antibody),owing to its large interlayer spacing and superior dye adsorption capacity.The tag V_(2)CT_(x)@Thi@Au NPs-Ab was fully characterized and validated,demonstrating a significantly enhanced Raman signal through both electromagnetic and chemical enhancement mechanisms.Using a handheld Raman spectrometer as a readout tool,the developed handheld SERS biosensor was successfully applied for the detection of viral antigens.The biosensor exhibited excellent linearity(1.562–100 nM)and achieved a low limit of detection(LOD)1.562 nM.Moreover,the biosensor demonstrated good selectivity and stability for detecting the target S protein in saliva samples.Our study highlights the potential of V_(2)CT_(x)MXene as a powerful material for handheld SERS biosensors,paving the way for portable and efficient viral diagnostics.展开更多
Herein,the effect of in situ formation of the stereocomplex polylactide(sc-PLA)on the crystallization behaviors of poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide)(PLLA/PDLA)blends was assessed.When the melt-blending temperature of th...Herein,the effect of in situ formation of the stereocomplex polylactide(sc-PLA)on the crystallization behaviors of poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide)(PLLA/PDLA)blends was assessed.When the melt-blending temperature of the PLLA/PDLA blend approached the melting temperature of sc-PLA(approximately 220℃),a higher relative content of sc-PLA was achieved.Additionally,the relative content of sc-PLA in the PLLA/PDLA blend increased progressively with the increase in PDLA content.Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that the overall crystallization rate of the homocrystal polylactide were enhanced by the presence of sc-PLA.After crystallization at the same temperature(115 and 120℃),the PLLA/PDLA blends exhibited a shorter half-crystallization time compared to PLLA alone.The size of the microcrystals of PLLA decreased as the sc-PLA content increased.Furthermore,the storage modulus and complex viscosity of the PLLA/PDLA blend increased with higher sc-PLA content.Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature of PLLA in the PLLA/PDLA blends increased with increasing sc-PLA content.Additionally,the Vicat softening temperature increased from 67.8℃ for PLLA alone to 164.7℃ for the PLLA/25PDLA blend,enhancing the heat resistance of the PLLA/PDLA blends.Compared to PLLA alone,the hydrolytic resistance of the PLLA/PDLA blends showed marked improvement.展开更多
Image-based computational models have been used for vulnerable plaque progression and rupture predictions,and good results have been reported.However,mechanisms and predictions for plaque erosion are underinvestigated...Image-based computational models have been used for vulnerable plaque progression and rupture predictions,and good results have been reported.However,mechanisms and predictions for plaque erosion are underinvestigated.Patient-specific fluid-structure interaction(FSI)models based on optical coherence tomography(OCT)follow-up data from patients with plaque erosion and who received conservative antithrombotic treatment(using medication,no stenting)to identify risk factors that could be used to predict the treatment outcome.OCT and angiography datawere obtained from10 patientswho received conservative antithrombotic treatment.Five participants had worse outcomes(WOG,stenosis severity≥70%at one-year follow-up),while the other five had better outcomes(BOG,stenosis severity<70%at one-year follow-up).Patient-specific 3D FSI models were constructed to obtain morphological and biomechanical risk factor values(a total of nine risk factors)for comparison and prediction.A logistic regressionmodel was used to identify optimal predictors with the best treatment outcome prediction accuracies.Our results indicated that the combination of wall shear stress(WSS),lipid percent,and thrombus burden was the best group predictor according to the mean area under the curve(AUC)of 0.96(90%confidence interval=(0.85,1.00)).WSS was the best single predictor withmean AUC=0.70(90%confidence interval=(0.20,1.00)).Thrombus burden was the only risk factor showing statistically significant group difference,suggesting its crucial role in the outcomes of conservative anti-thrombotic therapy.This pilot study indicated that integratingmorphological and biomechanical risk factors could improve treatment outcome prediction accuracy in patients with plaque erosion compared to predictions using single predictors.Large-scale patient studies are needed to further validate our findings.展开更多
Magnetically responsive microstructured functional surface(MRMFS),capable of dynamically and reversibly switching the surface topography under magnetic actuation,provides a wireless,noninvasive,and instantaneous way t...Magnetically responsive microstructured functional surface(MRMFS),capable of dynamically and reversibly switching the surface topography under magnetic actuation,provides a wireless,noninvasive,and instantaneous way to accurately control the microscale engineered surface.In the last decade,many studies have been conducted to design and optimize MRMFSs for diverse applications,and significant progress has been accomplished.This review comprehensively presents recent advancements and the potential prospects in MRMFSs.We first classify MRMFSs into one-dimensional linear array MRMFSs,two-dimensional planar array MRMFSs,and dynamic self-assembly MRMFSs based on their morphology.Subsequently,an overview of three deformation mechanisms,including magnetically actuated bending deformation,magnetically driven rotational deformation,and magnetically induced self-assembly deformation,are provided.Four main fabrication strategies employed to create MRMFSs are summarized,including replica molding,magnetization-induced self-assembly,laser cutting,and ferrofluid-infused method.Furthermore,the applications of MRMFS in droplet manipulation,solid transport,information encryption,light manipulation,triboelectric nanogenerators,and soft robotics are presented.Finally,the challenges that limit the practical applications of MRMFSs are discussed,and the future development of MRMFSs is proposed.展开更多
The possibility of underground imbalance between heat emission and absorption has a negative impact on the performance of ground-source heat pump systems （GSHPs）. Numerical and experimental researches were made in a...The possibility of underground imbalance between heat emission and absorption has a negative impact on the performance of ground-source heat pump systems （GSHPs）. Numerical and experimental researches were made in a residential building, which is supplied with a GSHP system and a ceiling radiation system combined with a replacement fresh air system. EnergyPlus simulations were used to estimate heating and cooling loads, and to assess the heat generated from the water pump, the fan and the heat pump unit. Then, Fluent simulations were used to compare three different control strategies of handling the underground heat exchange. These simulations were strongly based on an experimentally verified model. It is obtained that a ratio between cooling and heating loads is 5.08 ： 1 in a case study in Nanjing. Moreover, the control strategy based on the starting time is more efficient and reliable than the temperature and temperature difference strategies to control the underground heat exchange.展开更多
Iron oxide nanoparticles are the most popular magnetic nanoparticles used in biomedical applications due to their low cost, low toxicity, and unique magnetic property. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, including magn...Iron oxide nanoparticles are the most popular magnetic nanoparticles used in biomedical applications due to their low cost, low toxicity, and unique magnetic property. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, including magnetite （Fe304） and maghemite （γ-Fe203）, usually exhibit a superparamagnetic property as their size goes smaller than 20 nm, which are often denoted as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （SPIONs） and utilized for drug delivery, diagnosis, therapy, and etc. This review article gives a brief introduction on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in terms of their fundamentals of magnetism, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and drug delivery, as well as the synthesis approaches, surface coating, and application examples from recent key literatures. Because the quality and surface chemistry play important roles in biomedical applications, our review focuses on the synthesis approaches and surface modifications of iron oxide nanopar- ticles. We aim to provide a detailed introduction to readers who are new to this field, helping them to choose suitable synthesis methods and to optimize the surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles for their interests.展开更多
Purpose： This study aims to explore the effects of running on different surfaces on the characteristics of in-shoe plantar pressure and tibial acceleration. Methods： Thirteen male recreational runners were required ...Purpose： This study aims to explore the effects of running on different surfaces on the characteristics of in-shoe plantar pressure and tibial acceleration. Methods： Thirteen male recreational runners were required to run at 12 km/h velocity on concrete, synthetic track, natural grass, a normal treadmill, and a treadmill equipped with an ethylene vinyl acetate （EVA） cushioning underlay （treadmill_EVA）, respectively. An in-shoe plantar pressure system and an accelerometer attached to the tibial tuberosity were used to record and analyze the characteristics of plantar pressure and tibial impact during running. Results： The results showed that there were no significant differences in the 1 st and 2nd peak plantar pressures （time of occurrence）, pressure-time integral, and peak pressure distribution for the concrete, synthetic, grass, and normal treadmill surfaces. No significant differences in peak positive acceleration were observed among the five tested surface conditions. Compared to the concrete surface, however, running on treadmillEVA showed a significant decrease in the 1st peak plantar pressure and the pressure time integral for the impact phase （p 〈 0.05）. These can be further ascribed to a reduced peak pressure observed at heel region （p 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： There may not be an inevitable relationship between the surface and the lower-limb impact in runners. It is, however, still noteworthy that the effects of different treadmill surfaces should be considered in the interpretation of plantar pressure performance and translation of such results to overground running.展开更多
Understanding cardiac blood flow behaviors is of importance for cardiovascular research and clinical assessment of ventricle functions.Patient-specific Echo-based left ventricle(LV)fluid-structure interaction(FSI)mode...Understanding cardiac blood flow behaviors is of importance for cardiovascular research and clinical assessment of ventricle functions.Patient-specific Echo-based left ventricle(LV)fluid-structure interaction(FSI)models were introduced to perform ventricle mechanical analysis,investigate flow behaviors,and evaluate the impact of myocardial infarction(MI)and hypertension on blood flow in the LV.Echo image data were acquired from 3 patients with consent obtained:one healthy volunteer(P1),one hypertension patient(P2),and one patient who had an inferior and posterior myocardial infarction(P3).The nonlinear Mooney-Rivlin model was used for ventricle tissue with material parameter values chosen to match echo-measure LV volume data.Using the healthy case as baseline,LV with MI had lower peak flow velocity(30%lower at beginejection)and hypertension LV had higher peak flow velocity(16%higher at begin-filling).The vortex area(defined as the area with vorticity>0)for P3 was 19%smaller than that of P1.The vortex area for P2 was 12%smaller than that of P1.At peak of filling,the maximum flow shear stress(FSS)for P2 and P3 were 390%higher and 63%lower than that of P1,respectively.Meanwhile,LV stress and strain of P2 were 41%and 15%higher than those of P1,respectively.LV stress and strain of P3 were 36%and 42%lower than those of P1,respectively.In conclusion,FSI models could provide both flow and structural stress/strain information which would serve as the base for further cardiovascular investigations related to disease initiation,progression,and treatment strategy selections.Large-scale studies are needed to validate our findings.展开更多
Binary gas mixture adsorption equilibrium data for the ethylene-carbon dioxide system were obtained for cation exchanged forms of ZSM5 (Li^+, Na^+, K^+, Rb^+, Mg^(+2), Ca^(+2), Sr^(+2), and Ba^(+2)) for the gas phase ...Binary gas mixture adsorption equilibrium data for the ethylene-carbon dioxide system were obtained for cation exchanged forms of ZSM5 (Li^+, Na^+, K^+, Rb^+, Mg^(+2), Ca^(+2), Sr^(+2), and Ba^(+2)) for the gas phase CO_2 mole fracion of 0.766 at 308K and 101. 3kPa. The experimental adsorption phase diagrams were obtained for CO_2-C_2H_4 on NaZSM5 and MgZSM5. Single component adsorption isotherms for CO_2 and C_2H_4 were also obtained for these two zeolites. The single component data were used to obtain parameters derived in the vacancy solution model (VSM) and the statistical thermodynamic model(STM). These parameters were, in turn, used to predict binary mixture isotherms for these two zeolites. The agreement between experimental data and predicted value is generally good.展开更多
基金described in this paper has been developed with in the project PRESECREL(PID2021-124502OB-C43)。
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)is integral to modern infrastructure,enabling connectivity among a wide range of devices from home automation to industrial control systems.With the exponential increase in data generated by these interconnected devices,robust anomaly detection mechanisms are essential.Anomaly detection in this dynamic environment necessitates methods that can accurately distinguish between normal and anomalous behavior by learning intricate patterns.This paper presents a novel approach utilizing generative adversarial networks(GANs)for anomaly detection in IoT systems.However,optimizing GANs involves tuning hyper-parameters such as learning rate,batch size,and optimization algorithms,which can be challenging due to the non-convex nature of GAN loss functions.To address this,we propose a five-dimensional Gray wolf optimizer(5DGWO)to optimize GAN hyper-parameters.The 5DGWO introduces two new types of wolves:gamma(γ)for improved exploitation and convergence,and theta(θ)for enhanced exploration and escaping local minima.The proposed system framework comprises four key stages:1)preprocessing,2)generative model training,3)autoencoder(AE)training,and 4)predictive model training.The generative models are utilized to assist the AE training,and the final predictive models(including convolutional neural network(CNN),deep belief network(DBN),recurrent neural network(RNN),random forest(RF),and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost))are trained using the generated data and AE-encoded features.We evaluated the system on three benchmark datasets:NSL-KDD,UNSW-NB15,and IoT-23.Experiments conducted on diverse IoT datasets show that our method outperforms existing anomaly detection strategies and significantly reduces false positives.The 5DGWO-GAN-CNNAE exhibits superior performance in various metrics,including accuracy,recall,precision,root mean square error(RMSE),and convergence trend.The proposed 5DGWO-GAN-CNNAE achieved the lowest RMSE values across the NSL-KDD,UNSW-NB15,and IoT-23 datasets,with values of 0.24,1.10,and 0.09,respectively.Additionally,it attained the highest accuracy,ranging from 94%to 100%.These results suggest a promising direction for future IoT security frameworks,offering a scalable and efficient solution to safeguard against evolving cyber threats.
文摘Animal coloration has a wide range of biological functions and may be subject to different,sometimes conficting,selective pressures.In crustaceans,the evolution of coloration is relatively unstudied,despite the broad range of colors and color patterns,which includes variability at multiple levels.Freshwater crayfsh are known to show color variability within species and populations,as well as intra-individual variability,but thefunction,if any,of crayfsh coloration is largely unknown.Here,I report on an experiment to understand patterns of color variability in the crayfsh Faxonius virilis and show that variation is strongly correlated to ontogenetic changes from a summer non-reproductive form to a fall reproductiveform.Crayfsh showed comparatively little inter-and intra-individual color variation in their non-reproductive form,but substantial variation at bothlevels in the reproductive form.Transition to the reproductive form was associated with the development of greener or bluer coloration localizedto the chelae on a subset of individuals,but these changes showed no clear correlation with sex or body size.Future investigations should focuson determining whether differences in color between individuals in the mating season are associated with any physiological or behavioral differences,or with differential susceptibility to predation.
基金supported by the U.S.Army Research Laboratory through their award#W911NF-22-2-0040the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through the e-INFRA CZ(ID:90254).
文摘Designing high-performance high-entropy alloys(HEAs)with transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)or twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)effects requires precise control over stacking fault energy(SFE)and phase stability.However,the vast complexity of multicomponent systems poses a major challenge for identifying promising candidates through conventional experimental or computational methods.A high-throughput CALPHAD framework is developed to identify compositions with potential TWIP/TRIP behaviors in the Cr-Co-Ni and Cr-Co-Ni-Fe systems through systematic screening of stacking fault energy(SFE),FCC phase stability,and FCC-to-HCP transition temperatures(T0).The approach combines TC-Python automation with parallel Gibbs energy calculations across hundreds of thousands of compositions,enabling efficient extraction of metastable FCC-dominant alloys.The high-throughput results find 214 compositions with desired properties from 160,000 candidates.Detailed analysis of the Gibbs energy distributions,phase fraction trends,and temperature-dependent SFE evolution reveals critical insights into the thermodynamic landscape governing plasticity mechanisms in HEAs.The results show that only a narrow region of the compositional space satisfies all screening criteria,emphasizing the necessity of an integrated approach.The screened compositions and trends provide a foundation for targeted experimental validation.Furthermore,this work demonstrates a scalable,composition-resolved strategy for predicting deformation mechanisms in multicomponent alloys and offers a blueprint for integrating thermodynamic screening with mechanistic understanding in HEA design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82030065 to Qin Zhou)“Spring Goose”Talent Team Support Program of Heilongjiang Province(No.2022CYCX0202)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Excellent Young Scholars Program,JJ2024YX0560)Funding Program for Preferential Returned Scholars of Heilongjiang Province(No.21032240006)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program of Heilongjiang Province(No.20240NTJ018)
文摘The intrinsic property of MXenes to adsorb dyes with high Raman scattering cross-sections makes them promising candidates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)biosensors.In the study,we report a vanadium carbide MXene(V_(2)CT_(x))-based SERS biosensor tag,V_(2)CT_(x)@Thi(thionine)@Au NPs(gold nanoparticles)-Ab(antibody),owing to its large interlayer spacing and superior dye adsorption capacity.The tag V_(2)CT_(x)@Thi@Au NPs-Ab was fully characterized and validated,demonstrating a significantly enhanced Raman signal through both electromagnetic and chemical enhancement mechanisms.Using a handheld Raman spectrometer as a readout tool,the developed handheld SERS biosensor was successfully applied for the detection of viral antigens.The biosensor exhibited excellent linearity(1.562–100 nM)and achieved a low limit of detection(LOD)1.562 nM.Moreover,the biosensor demonstrated good selectivity and stability for detecting the target S protein in saliva samples.Our study highlights the potential of V_(2)CT_(x)MXene as a powerful material for handheld SERS biosensors,paving the way for portable and efficient viral diagnostics.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province of China(No.20250203127SF)Chinese Academy of Sciences(Changchun Branch)(No.2025SYHZ0045)+1 种基金Science and Technology Bureau of Jilin Province of China(No.20240302126GX)Science and Technology Bureau of Changchun City of China(No.23SH08).
文摘Herein,the effect of in situ formation of the stereocomplex polylactide(sc-PLA)on the crystallization behaviors of poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide)(PLLA/PDLA)blends was assessed.When the melt-blending temperature of the PLLA/PDLA blend approached the melting temperature of sc-PLA(approximately 220℃),a higher relative content of sc-PLA was achieved.Additionally,the relative content of sc-PLA in the PLLA/PDLA blend increased progressively with the increase in PDLA content.Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that the overall crystallization rate of the homocrystal polylactide were enhanced by the presence of sc-PLA.After crystallization at the same temperature(115 and 120℃),the PLLA/PDLA blends exhibited a shorter half-crystallization time compared to PLLA alone.The size of the microcrystals of PLLA decreased as the sc-PLA content increased.Furthermore,the storage modulus and complex viscosity of the PLLA/PDLA blend increased with higher sc-PLA content.Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature of PLLA in the PLLA/PDLA blends increased with increasing sc-PLA content.Additionally,the Vicat softening temperature increased from 67.8℃ for PLLA alone to 164.7℃ for the PLLA/25PDLA blend,enhancing the heat resistance of the PLLA/PDLA blends.Compared to PLLA alone,the hydrolytic resistance of the PLLA/PDLA blends showed marked improvement.
基金supported in part by National Sciences Foundation of China grants 11972117a Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Agency under grant number BE2016785+4 种基金support from Natural Science Foundation of China(81827806 and 62135002)support from Natural Science Foundation of China(81722025)Key R&D Project of Heilongjiang Province grant 2022ZX06C07support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under grant number ZR2024QA110Shandong Province Medical Health Science and Technology Project(Nos.202425020256,and 202403010254).
文摘Image-based computational models have been used for vulnerable plaque progression and rupture predictions,and good results have been reported.However,mechanisms and predictions for plaque erosion are underinvestigated.Patient-specific fluid-structure interaction(FSI)models based on optical coherence tomography(OCT)follow-up data from patients with plaque erosion and who received conservative antithrombotic treatment(using medication,no stenting)to identify risk factors that could be used to predict the treatment outcome.OCT and angiography datawere obtained from10 patientswho received conservative antithrombotic treatment.Five participants had worse outcomes(WOG,stenosis severity≥70%at one-year follow-up),while the other five had better outcomes(BOG,stenosis severity<70%at one-year follow-up).Patient-specific 3D FSI models were constructed to obtain morphological and biomechanical risk factor values(a total of nine risk factors)for comparison and prediction.A logistic regressionmodel was used to identify optimal predictors with the best treatment outcome prediction accuracies.Our results indicated that the combination of wall shear stress(WSS),lipid percent,and thrombus burden was the best group predictor according to the mean area under the curve(AUC)of 0.96(90%confidence interval=(0.85,1.00)).WSS was the best single predictor withmean AUC=0.70(90%confidence interval=(0.20,1.00)).Thrombus burden was the only risk factor showing statistically significant group difference,suggesting its crucial role in the outcomes of conservative anti-thrombotic therapy.This pilot study indicated that integratingmorphological and biomechanical risk factors could improve treatment outcome prediction accuracy in patients with plaque erosion compared to predictions using single predictors.Large-scale patient studies are needed to further validate our findings.
基金financially supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Project(Project Nos.JCYJ20220818102201003,JCYJ20220818100001002)the Shenzhen Sustainable Development Special Project(Project No.KCXFZ20230731094500001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.51975597,52175446)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Project No.2022B1515020011)。
文摘Magnetically responsive microstructured functional surface(MRMFS),capable of dynamically and reversibly switching the surface topography under magnetic actuation,provides a wireless,noninvasive,and instantaneous way to accurately control the microscale engineered surface.In the last decade,many studies have been conducted to design and optimize MRMFSs for diverse applications,and significant progress has been accomplished.This review comprehensively presents recent advancements and the potential prospects in MRMFSs.We first classify MRMFSs into one-dimensional linear array MRMFSs,two-dimensional planar array MRMFSs,and dynamic self-assembly MRMFSs based on their morphology.Subsequently,an overview of three deformation mechanisms,including magnetically actuated bending deformation,magnetically driven rotational deformation,and magnetically induced self-assembly deformation,are provided.Four main fabrication strategies employed to create MRMFSs are summarized,including replica molding,magnetization-induced self-assembly,laser cutting,and ferrofluid-infused method.Furthermore,the applications of MRMFS in droplet manipulation,solid transport,information encryption,light manipulation,triboelectric nanogenerators,and soft robotics are presented.Finally,the challenges that limit the practical applications of MRMFSs are discussed,and the future development of MRMFSs is proposed.
文摘The possibility of underground imbalance between heat emission and absorption has a negative impact on the performance of ground-source heat pump systems （GSHPs）. Numerical and experimental researches were made in a residential building, which is supplied with a GSHP system and a ceiling radiation system combined with a replacement fresh air system. EnergyPlus simulations were used to estimate heating and cooling loads, and to assess the heat generated from the water pump, the fan and the heat pump unit. Then, Fluent simulations were used to compare three different control strategies of handling the underground heat exchange. These simulations were strongly based on an experimentally verified model. It is obtained that a ratio between cooling and heating loads is 5.08 ： 1 in a case study in Nanjing. Moreover, the control strategy based on the starting time is more efficient and reliable than the temperature and temperature difference strategies to control the underground heat exchange.
基金Project supported by Start-up Grant of Nanyang Technological UniversityTier 1 Grant of Ministry of Education,Singapore(RGT8/13)
文摘Iron oxide nanoparticles are the most popular magnetic nanoparticles used in biomedical applications due to their low cost, low toxicity, and unique magnetic property. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, including magnetite （Fe304） and maghemite （γ-Fe203）, usually exhibit a superparamagnetic property as their size goes smaller than 20 nm, which are often denoted as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （SPIONs） and utilized for drug delivery, diagnosis, therapy, and etc. This review article gives a brief introduction on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in terms of their fundamentals of magnetism, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and drug delivery, as well as the synthesis approaches, surface coating, and application examples from recent key literatures. Because the quality and surface chemistry play important roles in biomedical applications, our review focuses on the synthesis approaches and surface modifications of iron oxide nanopar- ticles. We aim to provide a detailed introduction to readers who are new to this field, helping them to choose suitable synthesis methods and to optimize the surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles for their interests.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11302131, No. 11372194, No. 11572202)+4 种基金the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20123156120003)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No. 14YZ125)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 14DZ1103500)
文摘Purpose： This study aims to explore the effects of running on different surfaces on the characteristics of in-shoe plantar pressure and tibial acceleration. Methods： Thirteen male recreational runners were required to run at 12 km/h velocity on concrete, synthetic track, natural grass, a normal treadmill, and a treadmill equipped with an ethylene vinyl acetate （EVA） cushioning underlay （treadmill_EVA）, respectively. An in-shoe plantar pressure system and an accelerometer attached to the tibial tuberosity were used to record and analyze the characteristics of plantar pressure and tibial impact during running. Results： The results showed that there were no significant differences in the 1 st and 2nd peak plantar pressures （time of occurrence）, pressure-time integral, and peak pressure distribution for the concrete, synthetic, grass, and normal treadmill surfaces. No significant differences in peak positive acceleration were observed among the five tested surface conditions. Compared to the concrete surface, however, running on treadmillEVA showed a significant decrease in the 1st peak plantar pressure and the pressure time integral for the impact phase （p 〈 0.05）. These can be further ascribed to a reduced peak pressure observed at heel region （p 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： There may not be an inevitable relationship between the surface and the lower-limb impact in runners. It is, however, still noteworthy that the effects of different treadmill surfaces should be considered in the interpretation of plantar pressure performance and translation of such results to overground running.
文摘Understanding cardiac blood flow behaviors is of importance for cardiovascular research and clinical assessment of ventricle functions.Patient-specific Echo-based left ventricle(LV)fluid-structure interaction(FSI)models were introduced to perform ventricle mechanical analysis,investigate flow behaviors,and evaluate the impact of myocardial infarction(MI)and hypertension on blood flow in the LV.Echo image data were acquired from 3 patients with consent obtained:one healthy volunteer(P1),one hypertension patient(P2),and one patient who had an inferior and posterior myocardial infarction(P3).The nonlinear Mooney-Rivlin model was used for ventricle tissue with material parameter values chosen to match echo-measure LV volume data.Using the healthy case as baseline,LV with MI had lower peak flow velocity(30%lower at beginejection)and hypertension LV had higher peak flow velocity(16%higher at begin-filling).The vortex area(defined as the area with vorticity>0)for P3 was 19%smaller than that of P1.The vortex area for P2 was 12%smaller than that of P1.At peak of filling,the maximum flow shear stress(FSS)for P2 and P3 were 390%higher and 63%lower than that of P1,respectively.Meanwhile,LV stress and strain of P2 were 41%and 15%higher than those of P1,respectively.LV stress and strain of P3 were 36%and 42%lower than those of P1,respectively.In conclusion,FSI models could provide both flow and structural stress/strain information which would serve as the base for further cardiovascular investigations related to disease initiation,progression,and treatment strategy selections.Large-scale studies are needed to validate our findings.
文摘Binary gas mixture adsorption equilibrium data for the ethylene-carbon dioxide system were obtained for cation exchanged forms of ZSM5 (Li^+, Na^+, K^+, Rb^+, Mg^(+2), Ca^(+2), Sr^(+2), and Ba^(+2)) for the gas phase CO_2 mole fracion of 0.766 at 308K and 101. 3kPa. The experimental adsorption phase diagrams were obtained for CO_2-C_2H_4 on NaZSM5 and MgZSM5. Single component adsorption isotherms for CO_2 and C_2H_4 were also obtained for these two zeolites. The single component data were used to obtain parameters derived in the vacancy solution model (VSM) and the statistical thermodynamic model(STM). These parameters were, in turn, used to predict binary mixture isotherms for these two zeolites. The agreement between experimental data and predicted value is generally good.
