The study incorporates an overview of the green hydrogen-production potential from wind energy in the USA,its application in power generation and the scope of substituting grey and blue hydrogen for industrial usage.O...The study incorporates an overview of the green hydrogen-production potential from wind energy in the USA,its application in power generation and the scope of substituting grey and blue hydrogen for industrial usage.Over 10 million metric tons of grey and blue hydrogen is produced in the USA annually to fulfil the industrial demand,whereas,for 1 million metric tons of hydrogen generated,13 million metric tons of CO_(2) are released into the atmosphere.The research aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of the green hydrogen technology value chain and a case study on the production of green hydrogen from an 8-MW wind turbine installed in the southern plain region of Texas.This research estimates that the wind-farm capacity of 130 gigawatt-hours is required to substitute grey and blue hydrogen for fulfilling the current US annual industrial hydrogen demand of 10 million metric tons.The study investi-gates hydrogen-storage methods and the scope of green hydrogen-based storage facilities for energy produced from a wind turbine.This research focuses on the USA’s potential to meet all its industrial and other hydrogen application requirements through green hydrogen.展开更多
The basic equations of the non-relativistic quantum mechanics with trajectories and quantum hydrodynamics are extended to the relativistic domain. This is achieved by using a Schr<span style="white-space:nowra...The basic equations of the non-relativistic quantum mechanics with trajectories and quantum hydrodynamics are extended to the relativistic domain. This is achieved by using a Schr<span style="white-space:nowrap;">?</span>dinger-like equation, which describes a particle with mass and spin-0 and with the correct relativistic relation between its linear momentum and kinetic energy. Some simple but instructive free particle examples are discussed.展开更多
Using the Hamilton-Jacobi and the Lagrange formalisms, a pair of relativistic quantum mechanics equations are obtained by abduction. These equations, in contrast with the Klein-Gordon and other relativistic quantum me...Using the Hamilton-Jacobi and the Lagrange formalisms, a pair of relativistic quantum mechanics equations are obtained by abduction. These equations, in contrast with the Klein-Gordon and other relativistic quantum mechanics equations, have no solutions with both positive and negative kinetic energies. The equation with solutions with only positive kinetic energy values describes a spin-0 particle of mass m, which is moving at relativistic speeds in a scalar potential. The wavefunctions and the energies corresponding to the associated antiparticle can be obtained by solving the other equation, which only has solutions with negative kinetic energy values.展开更多
Industrial,commercial,and residential facilities are progressively adopting automation and generation capabilities.By having flexible demand and renewable energy generation,traditional passive customers are becoming a...Industrial,commercial,and residential facilities are progressively adopting automation and generation capabilities.By having flexible demand and renewable energy generation,traditional passive customers are becoming active participants in electric power system operations.Through profound coordination among grid operators and active customers,the facilities’capability for demand response(DR)and distributed energy resource(DER)management will be valuable asset for ancillary services(ASs).To comply with the increasing demand and flexible energy,utilities urgently require standards,regulations,and programs to efficiently handle load-side resources without trading off stability and reliability.This study reviews different types of customers’flexibilities for DR,highlighting their capabilities and limitations in performing local ancillary services(LASs),which should benefit the power grid by profiting from it through incentive mechanisms.Different financial incentives and techniques employed around the world are presented and discussed.The potential barriers in technical and regulatory aspects are successfully identified and potential solutions along with future guidance are discussed.展开更多
文摘The study incorporates an overview of the green hydrogen-production potential from wind energy in the USA,its application in power generation and the scope of substituting grey and blue hydrogen for industrial usage.Over 10 million metric tons of grey and blue hydrogen is produced in the USA annually to fulfil the industrial demand,whereas,for 1 million metric tons of hydrogen generated,13 million metric tons of CO_(2) are released into the atmosphere.The research aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of the green hydrogen technology value chain and a case study on the production of green hydrogen from an 8-MW wind turbine installed in the southern plain region of Texas.This research estimates that the wind-farm capacity of 130 gigawatt-hours is required to substitute grey and blue hydrogen for fulfilling the current US annual industrial hydrogen demand of 10 million metric tons.The study investi-gates hydrogen-storage methods and the scope of green hydrogen-based storage facilities for energy produced from a wind turbine.This research focuses on the USA’s potential to meet all its industrial and other hydrogen application requirements through green hydrogen.
文摘The basic equations of the non-relativistic quantum mechanics with trajectories and quantum hydrodynamics are extended to the relativistic domain. This is achieved by using a Schr<span style="white-space:nowrap;">?</span>dinger-like equation, which describes a particle with mass and spin-0 and with the correct relativistic relation between its linear momentum and kinetic energy. Some simple but instructive free particle examples are discussed.
文摘Using the Hamilton-Jacobi and the Lagrange formalisms, a pair of relativistic quantum mechanics equations are obtained by abduction. These equations, in contrast with the Klein-Gordon and other relativistic quantum mechanics equations, have no solutions with both positive and negative kinetic energies. The equation with solutions with only positive kinetic energy values describes a spin-0 particle of mass m, which is moving at relativistic speeds in a scalar potential. The wavefunctions and the energies corresponding to the associated antiparticle can be obtained by solving the other equation, which only has solutions with negative kinetic energy values.
基金supported by the US Department of Defense(DOD)’s Environmental Security Technology Certification Program(ESTCP)(No.W912HQ20C0022)the support from the National Institute of Science and Technology on Distributed Generation Power Systems(INCT-GD)+3 种基金Higher Level Personnel Training Coordination(CAPES-No.23038.000776/2017-54)Foundation for Research of the State of Rio Grande do Sul(FAPERGS-No.17/2551-0000517-1)Federal University of Santa Maria(UFSM),(CAPES/PROEX)—Financial code 001 and CNPqthe Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development,process 465640/2014-1 and process CNPq PQ 1-D 310761/2018-2。
文摘Industrial,commercial,and residential facilities are progressively adopting automation and generation capabilities.By having flexible demand and renewable energy generation,traditional passive customers are becoming active participants in electric power system operations.Through profound coordination among grid operators and active customers,the facilities’capability for demand response(DR)and distributed energy resource(DER)management will be valuable asset for ancillary services(ASs).To comply with the increasing demand and flexible energy,utilities urgently require standards,regulations,and programs to efficiently handle load-side resources without trading off stability and reliability.This study reviews different types of customers’flexibilities for DR,highlighting their capabilities and limitations in performing local ancillary services(LASs),which should benefit the power grid by profiting from it through incentive mechanisms.Different financial incentives and techniques employed around the world are presented and discussed.The potential barriers in technical and regulatory aspects are successfully identified and potential solutions along with future guidance are discussed.
