Sodium-ion batteries show great potential as an alternative energy storage system,but safety concerns remain a major hurdle to their mass adoption.This paper analyzes the key factors and mechanisms leading to safety i...Sodium-ion batteries show great potential as an alternative energy storage system,but safety concerns remain a major hurdle to their mass adoption.This paper analyzes the key factors and mechanisms leading to safety issues,including thermal runaway,sodium dendrite,internal short circuits,and gas release.Several promising solutions are proposed,such as high-safety electrode materials in the cathode and anode,high-safety electrolytes,and external battery management systems.Here in also we emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate analysis methods and developing reliable failure models while suggesting advanced machine learning tools for analysis.With a comprehensive approach,this study offers valuable recommendations to optimize materials and solutions for improving the safety of sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Layered composite oxide materials with O3/P2 biphasic crystallographic structure typically demonstrate a combination of high capacities of the O3 phase and high operation voltages of the P2 phase.However,their practic...Layered composite oxide materials with O3/P2 biphasic crystallographic structure typically demonstrate a combination of high capacities of the O3 phase and high operation voltages of the P2 phase.However,their practical applications are seriously obstructed by difficulties in thermodynamic phase regulation,complicated electrochemical phase transition,and unsatisfactory cycling life.Herein,we propose an efficient structural evolution strategy from biphase to monophase of Na_(0.766+x)Li_(x)Ni_(0.33-x)Mn_(0.5)Fe_(0.1)Ti_(0.07)O_(2) through Li+substitution.The role of Li+substitution not only simplifies the unfavorable phase transition by altering the local coordination of transition metal(TM)cations but also stabilizes the cathode–electrolyte interphase to prevent the degradation of TM cations during battery cycling.As a result,the thermodynamically robust O_(3)-Na_(0.826)Li_(0.06)Ni_(0.27)Mn_(0.5)Fe_(0.1)Ti_(0.07)O_(2) cathode delivers a high capacity of 139.4 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 C and shows prolonged cycling life at high rates,with capacity retention of 81.6%at 5 C over 500 cycles.This work establishes a solid relationship between the thermodynamic structure evolution and electrochemistry of layered cathode materials,contributing to the development of long-life sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Hard carbon(HC)anodes are one of the most promising electrodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)because of their low cost,high reversible specific capacity,and suitable operating voltage.However,the poor fast-charging pr...Hard carbon(HC)anodes are one of the most promising electrodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)because of their low cost,high reversible specific capacity,and suitable operating voltage.However,the poor fast-charging properties of HC limits the broad applicability of SIBs in practical scenarios.This review initially meticulously dissects the underlying sodium storage mechanisms and kinetic behaviors of the HC anode,elucidating the direct correlation with the rate capabilities.Afterward,recent advancements in the field are systematically surveyed,encompassing strategies such as structural modification,interface engineering,morphology regulation,and electrolyte optimization.These methodologies are pivotal in addressing the challenges and unlocking the full potential of HC anodes for high-rate SIB applications.Eventually,by synthesizing the current state-of-theart and delineating prospective research directions.This review aims to promote the development of HC,thereby advancing nextgeneration SIBs with superior energy density,cycle life,high-rate capability,and safety,ultimately facilitating the broader adoption of sodium-based energy storage systems.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are considered as a low-cost complementary or alternative system to prestigious lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their similar working principle to LIBs,cost-effectiveness,and sustainabl...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are considered as a low-cost complementary or alternative system to prestigious lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their similar working principle to LIBs,cost-effectiveness,and sustainable availability of sodium resources,especially in large-scale energy storage systems(EESs).Among various cathode candidates for SIBs,Na-based layered transition metal oxides have received extensive attention for their relatively large specific capacity,high operating potential,facile synthesis,and environmental benignity.However,there are a series of fatal issues in terms of poor air stability,unstable cathode/electrolyte interphase,and irreversible phase transition that lead to unsatisfactory battery performance from the perspective of preparation to application,outside to inside of layered oxide cathodes,which severely limit their practical application.This work is meant to review these critical problems associated with layered oxide cathodes to understand their fundamental roots and degradation mechanisms,and to provide a comprehensive summary of mainstream modification strategies including chemical substitution,surface modification,structure modulation,and so forth,concentrating on how to improve air stability,reduce interfacial side reaction,and suppress phase transition for realizing high structural reversibility,fast Na+kinetics,and superior comprehensive electrochemical performance.The advantages and disadvantages of different strategies are discussed,and insights into future challenges and opportunities for layered oxide cathodes are also presented.展开更多
Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))(NFPP)with the advantages of low cost and stable crystal structure has been considered a highly promising cathode candidate for sodiumion batteries.However,limited by its undesirabl...Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))(NFPP)with the advantages of low cost and stable crystal structure has been considered a highly promising cathode candidate for sodiumion batteries.However,limited by its undesirable intrinsic conductivity,it still suffers from unsatisfactory electrochemical performance.Herein,we synthesized NFPP/C composites with porous structure(p-NFPP)by a facile selfassembly strategy.Its well-developed pore structure can effectively reduce the ion diffusion path,accelerate electrolyte infiltration and accommodate volume expansion during the charge/discharge process.In addition,in-situ X-ray diffraction revealed the superior structural stability of p-NFPP.They enable a high reversible capacity(104.8 mAh g−1),and good rate performance(75.0 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1),and excellent cycling stability(a reversible capacity of 85.1 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles).More importantly,the p-NFPP realizes a stable operation in a wide temperature range of 55℃ to−10℃.This work highlights morphology engineering as a powerful strategy to boost the all-climate sodium storage performance of electrode materials.展开更多
The detrimental phase transformations of sodium layered transition metal oxides(Na_(x)TMO_(2))during desodiation/sodiation seriously suppress their practical applications for sodium ion batteries(SIBs).Undoubtedly,com...The detrimental phase transformations of sodium layered transition metal oxides(Na_(x)TMO_(2))during desodiation/sodiation seriously suppress their practical applications for sodium ion batteries(SIBs).Undoubtedly,comprehensively investigating of the dynamic crystal structure evolutions of Na_(x)TMO_(2)associating with Na ions extraction/intercalation and then deeply understanding of the relationships between electrochemical performances and phase structures drawing support from advanced characterization techniques are indispensable.In-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction(HEXRD),a powerful technology to distinguish the crystal structure of electrode materials,has been widely used to identify the phase evolutions of Na_(x)TMO_(2)and then profoundly revealed the electrochemical reaction processes.In this review,we begin with the descriptions of synchrotron characterization techniques and then present the advantages of synchrotron X-ray diffraction(XRD)over conventional XRD in detail.The optimizations of structural stability and electrochemical properties for P2-,O3-,and P2/O3-type Na_(x)TMO_(2)cathodes through single/dual-site substitution,high-entropy design,phase composition regulation,and surface engineering are summarized.The dynamic crystal structure evolutions of Na_(x)TMO_(2)polytypes during Na ion extraction/intercalation as well as corresponding structural enhancement mechanisms characterizing by means of HEXRD are concluded.The interior relationships between structure/component of Na_(x)TMO_(2)polytypes and their electrochemical properties are discussed.Finally,we look forward the research directions and issues in the route to improve the electrochemical properties of Na_(x)TMO_(2)cathodes for SIBs in the future and the combined utilizations of multiple characterization techniques.This review will provide significant guidelines for rational designs of high-performance Na_(x)TMO_(2)cathodes.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are regarded as highly promising high-energy-density battery technology,primarily due to the ultrahigh theoretical capacity(3860 mAh g-1)and low electrochemical redox potential(-3.04 V vs....Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are regarded as highly promising high-energy-density battery technology,primarily due to the ultrahigh theoretical capacity(3860 mAh g-1)and low electrochemical redox potential(-3.04 V vs.SHE)of the lithium metal anode.Nevertheless,the inherent flammability of conventional electrolytes poses significant safety challenges,inevitably limiting the practical deployment of LMBs.Triethyl phosphate(TEP)-based electrolytes,which endow the merits of low cost,exceptional thermal stability,and intrinsic nonflammability,have attracted considerable attention.In this review,we first introduce the key challenges associated with TEP-based electrolytes in LMBs.We then provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the development of TEP-based electrolytes in LMBs.Furthermore,we discuss modification strategies and propose future research directions for optimizing TEP-based electrolytes in LMBs.This review aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for the design of advanced TEP-based electrolytes,thereby facilitating the development of stable and safe LMBs.展开更多
P2-type layered oxide,Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2),has drawn particular interest as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its fast sodium-ion transport channels with low migration potentia...P2-type layered oxide,Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2),has drawn particular interest as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its fast sodium-ion transport channels with low migration potential.However,some catastrophic flaws,such as air instability,complicated multiphase evolution,and irreversible anionic redox,limit its electrochemical performance and hinder its application.Here,an air-stable single-crystal P2-type Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Ti_(1/3)O_(2)is proposed based on the multifunctional structural modulation of Ti substitution that could alleviate the issues for practical SIBs.As a result,the cathode with high energy density shows excellent air stability and highly reversible phase transitions(P2–OP4),and delivers faster kinetics and stable anion redox chemistry.Meanwhile,a thorough investigation of the relationship between structure,function,and properties is demonstrated,emphasizing formation processes,electrochemical behavior,structural evolution,and air stability.Overall,this study provides the direction of multifunctional structural modulation for the development of high-performance sodium-based layered cathode materials for practical applications.展开更多
Hard carbon(HC)anodes in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are prized for their high capacity,durability,costefficiency,environmental sustainability,and safety.The metallic ash elements in HCs inevitably affect the overall pe...Hard carbon(HC)anodes in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are prized for their high capacity,durability,costefficiency,environmental sustainability,and safety.The metallic ash elements in HCs inevitably affect the overall performance of SIBs,however,the unclear role of metallic ash elements during carbonization and the electrochemical sodium storage process presents challenges for advancing HC design concepts.In this review,the traditional role of metallic ash element realized in the past and the deep understanding by a new sight from the view of intrinsic types in precursor matrix are initially introduced.Subsequently,the effect of catalyzing graphitization degree,constructing pore structure,tuning SEI formation and tailoring defects of the HCs regulated by extrinsic factors introduced through experimental conditions in recent years are comprehensively summarized.Additionally,future development prospects and perspectives on the research about metallic ash element in HC are also briefly outlined.It is believed that this review can deliver noteworthy viewpoints by introducing metallic ash elements,for the continued development of adjusting the microstructure of HCs at the nanoscale to actualize highperformance SIBs.展开更多
The pursuit of high energy density while achieving long cycle life remains a challenge in developing transition metal(TM)oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Here,we present a concept of precisely ma...The pursuit of high energy density while achieving long cycle life remains a challenge in developing transition metal(TM)oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Here,we present a concept of precisely manipulating structural evolution via local coordination chemistry regulation to design high-performance composite cathode materials.The controllable structural evolution process is realized by tuning magnesium content in Na0.6Mn1-xMgxO2,which is elucidated by a combination of experimental analysis and theoretical calculations.The substitution of Mg into Mn sites not only induces a unique structural evolu-tion from layered–tunnel structure to layered structure but also mitigates the Jahn–Teller distortion of Mn3+.Meanwhile,benefiting from the strong ionic inter-action between Mg2+and O2-,local environments around O2-coordinated with electrochemically inactive Mg2+are anchored in the TM layer,providing a pinning effect to stabilize crystal structure and smooth electrochemical profile.The layered–tunnel Na0.6Mn0.95Mg0.05O2 cathode material delivers 188.9 mAh g-1 of specific capacity,equivalent to 508.0 Wh kg-1 of energy density at 0.5C,and exhibits 71.3%of capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5C as well as excellent compatibility with hard carbon anode.This work may provide new insights of manipulating structural evolution in composite cathode materials via local coordi-nation chemistry regulation and inspire more novel design of high-performance SIB cathode materials.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have garnered significant attentions for grid-scale energy storage due to the low cost and abundant sodium resources.Among the various cathode materials,sodium layered transition metal oxides...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have garnered significant attentions for grid-scale energy storage due to the low cost and abundant sodium resources.Among the various cathode materials,sodium layered transition metal oxides(Na_(x)TMO_(2))are considered highly promising for practical applications of SIBs relying on their high theoretical capacities and facile syntheses.However,the poor air stability,sluggish interfacial kinetics,and detrimental phase transitions of Na_(x)TMO_(2) commonly result in unsatisfactory cycling stability as well as inferior rate capability.In this review,recent achievements and progress in interfacial regulations aimed at improving the air stability and electrochemical performances of Na_(x)TMO_(2),such as organic/inorganic coating,interfacial-coating-doping,and heterogeneous phase designing are summarized.Such approaches can not only enable the in-situ conversion of residual alkali and/or enhance the interfacial stability,but also improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics and mitigate phase evolutions.The structural stability enhancement mechanisms of Na_(x)TMO_(2) layered oxides resulted from surface reconstructions are profoundly discussed and the influences on their electrochemical properties are concluded in this work.Finally,we outlook the novel interfacial modification strategies like of layered-tunnel heterostructure building and organicinorganic co-coating.The state-of-the-art characterization techniques and artificial intelligence are also elaborated to develop high-performance Na_(x)TMO_(2) cathodes in the future.We believe that the insights presented in this review can serve as meaningful guidance for the interfacial modulations of Na_(x)TMO_(2) cathodes.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52202286,52250710680,51971124,52171217,52172173 and 51872071)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.2108085J25)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ21E010001)Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.5419-202158503A-0-5-ZN)Wenzhou Natural Science Foundation(Nos.G20220016 and ZG2022032)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries show great potential as an alternative energy storage system,but safety concerns remain a major hurdle to their mass adoption.This paper analyzes the key factors and mechanisms leading to safety issues,including thermal runaway,sodium dendrite,internal short circuits,and gas release.Several promising solutions are proposed,such as high-safety electrode materials in the cathode and anode,high-safety electrolytes,and external battery management systems.Here in also we emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate analysis methods and developing reliable failure models while suggesting advanced machine learning tools for analysis.With a comprehensive approach,this study offers valuable recommendations to optimize materials and solutions for improving the safety of sodium-ion batteries.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52102302,51807146,and 22179021)the Young Talent Support Plan of Xi'an Jiaotong University(Grant No.DQ6J011)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2023-JC-QN-0115)State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(EIPE23313)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xyz012023165).
文摘Layered composite oxide materials with O3/P2 biphasic crystallographic structure typically demonstrate a combination of high capacities of the O3 phase and high operation voltages of the P2 phase.However,their practical applications are seriously obstructed by difficulties in thermodynamic phase regulation,complicated electrochemical phase transition,and unsatisfactory cycling life.Herein,we propose an efficient structural evolution strategy from biphase to monophase of Na_(0.766+x)Li_(x)Ni_(0.33-x)Mn_(0.5)Fe_(0.1)Ti_(0.07)O_(2) through Li+substitution.The role of Li+substitution not only simplifies the unfavorable phase transition by altering the local coordination of transition metal(TM)cations but also stabilizes the cathode–electrolyte interphase to prevent the degradation of TM cations during battery cycling.As a result,the thermodynamically robust O_(3)-Na_(0.826)Li_(0.06)Ni_(0.27)Mn_(0.5)Fe_(0.1)Ti_(0.07)O_(2) cathode delivers a high capacity of 139.4 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 C and shows prolonged cycling life at high rates,with capacity retention of 81.6%at 5 C over 500 cycles.This work establishes a solid relationship between the thermodynamic structure evolution and electrochemistry of layered cathode materials,contributing to the development of long-life sodium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402302,52250710680)the High-end Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan of China(G2023016009L)+4 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ24E020001)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2023C01232)the Basic Research Project of Wenzhou City(G2023016)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Municipality(ZG2022032)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha(kq2402017).
文摘Hard carbon(HC)anodes are one of the most promising electrodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)because of their low cost,high reversible specific capacity,and suitable operating voltage.However,the poor fast-charging properties of HC limits the broad applicability of SIBs in practical scenarios.This review initially meticulously dissects the underlying sodium storage mechanisms and kinetic behaviors of the HC anode,elucidating the direct correlation with the rate capabilities.Afterward,recent advancements in the field are systematically surveyed,encompassing strategies such as structural modification,interface engineering,morphology regulation,and electrolyte optimization.These methodologies are pivotal in addressing the challenges and unlocking the full potential of HC anodes for high-rate SIB applications.Eventually,by synthesizing the current state-of-theart and delineating prospective research directions.This review aims to promote the development of HC,thereby advancing nextgeneration SIBs with superior energy density,cycle life,high-rate capability,and safety,ultimately facilitating the broader adoption of sodium-based energy storage systems.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs(Grant No.2021YFB2400400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51772093,52202284)+5 种基金Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.2020GK1010-2020GK1014-4)Distinguished Youth Foun-dation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2019JJ20010)Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LQ23E020002)Wenzhou Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.G20220019)Cooperation between industry and education project of Ministry of Education(Grant No.220601318235513)State Key Laboratory of Elec-trical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi'an Jiaotong University(Grant No.EIPE22208).
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are considered as a low-cost complementary or alternative system to prestigious lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their similar working principle to LIBs,cost-effectiveness,and sustainable availability of sodium resources,especially in large-scale energy storage systems(EESs).Among various cathode candidates for SIBs,Na-based layered transition metal oxides have received extensive attention for their relatively large specific capacity,high operating potential,facile synthesis,and environmental benignity.However,there are a series of fatal issues in terms of poor air stability,unstable cathode/electrolyte interphase,and irreversible phase transition that lead to unsatisfactory battery performance from the perspective of preparation to application,outside to inside of layered oxide cathodes,which severely limit their practical application.This work is meant to review these critical problems associated with layered oxide cathodes to understand their fundamental roots and degradation mechanisms,and to provide a comprehensive summary of mainstream modification strategies including chemical substitution,surface modification,structure modulation,and so forth,concentrating on how to improve air stability,reduce interfacial side reaction,and suppress phase transition for realizing high structural reversibility,fast Na+kinetics,and superior comprehensive electrochemical performance.The advantages and disadvantages of different strategies are discussed,and insights into future challenges and opportunities for layered oxide cathodes are also presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202286,22309002,52250710680,and 52171217)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY24B030006)+4 种基金High-end Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan of China(G2023016009L)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2023C01232,and 2024C01057)Basic Research Project of Wenzhou City(G20220016)Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Municipality(ZG2022032)the Faraday Institution NEXGENNA project(FIRG064)for financial support。
文摘Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))(NFPP)with the advantages of low cost and stable crystal structure has been considered a highly promising cathode candidate for sodiumion batteries.However,limited by its undesirable intrinsic conductivity,it still suffers from unsatisfactory electrochemical performance.Herein,we synthesized NFPP/C composites with porous structure(p-NFPP)by a facile selfassembly strategy.Its well-developed pore structure can effectively reduce the ion diffusion path,accelerate electrolyte infiltration and accommodate volume expansion during the charge/discharge process.In addition,in-situ X-ray diffraction revealed the superior structural stability of p-NFPP.They enable a high reversible capacity(104.8 mAh g−1),and good rate performance(75.0 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1),and excellent cycling stability(a reversible capacity of 85.1 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles).More importantly,the p-NFPP realizes a stable operation in a wide temperature range of 55℃ to−10℃.This work highlights morphology engineering as a powerful strategy to boost the all-climate sodium storage performance of electrode materials.
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation Science and Technology Project(No.5419-202158503A-0-5-ZN)。
文摘The detrimental phase transformations of sodium layered transition metal oxides(Na_(x)TMO_(2))during desodiation/sodiation seriously suppress their practical applications for sodium ion batteries(SIBs).Undoubtedly,comprehensively investigating of the dynamic crystal structure evolutions of Na_(x)TMO_(2)associating with Na ions extraction/intercalation and then deeply understanding of the relationships between electrochemical performances and phase structures drawing support from advanced characterization techniques are indispensable.In-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction(HEXRD),a powerful technology to distinguish the crystal structure of electrode materials,has been widely used to identify the phase evolutions of Na_(x)TMO_(2)and then profoundly revealed the electrochemical reaction processes.In this review,we begin with the descriptions of synchrotron characterization techniques and then present the advantages of synchrotron X-ray diffraction(XRD)over conventional XRD in detail.The optimizations of structural stability and electrochemical properties for P2-,O3-,and P2/O3-type Na_(x)TMO_(2)cathodes through single/dual-site substitution,high-entropy design,phase composition regulation,and surface engineering are summarized.The dynamic crystal structure evolutions of Na_(x)TMO_(2)polytypes during Na ion extraction/intercalation as well as corresponding structural enhancement mechanisms characterizing by means of HEXRD are concluded.The interior relationships between structure/component of Na_(x)TMO_(2)polytypes and their electrochemical properties are discussed.Finally,we look forward the research directions and issues in the route to improve the electrochemical properties of Na_(x)TMO_(2)cathodes for SIBs in the future and the combined utilizations of multiple characterization techniques.This review will provide significant guidelines for rational designs of high-performance Na_(x)TMO_(2)cathodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202286,22309002,52250710680,52171217)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2023C01232,2024C01057)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY24B030006)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Municipality(ZG2024055,ZG2022032)the Wenzhou Association for Science and Technology Innovation Program(NLTS2024-013)the Basic Research Project of Wenzhou City(G20220016)。
文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are regarded as highly promising high-energy-density battery technology,primarily due to the ultrahigh theoretical capacity(3860 mAh g-1)and low electrochemical redox potential(-3.04 V vs.SHE)of the lithium metal anode.Nevertheless,the inherent flammability of conventional electrolytes poses significant safety challenges,inevitably limiting the practical deployment of LMBs.Triethyl phosphate(TEP)-based electrolytes,which endow the merits of low cost,exceptional thermal stability,and intrinsic nonflammability,have attracted considerable attention.In this review,we first introduce the key challenges associated with TEP-based electrolytes in LMBs.We then provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the development of TEP-based electrolytes in LMBs.Furthermore,we discuss modification strategies and propose future research directions for optimizing TEP-based electrolytes in LMBs.This review aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for the design of advanced TEP-based electrolytes,thereby facilitating the development of stable and safe LMBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52250710680,51971124,52171217,52202284)Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Major Project(2020GK1010-2020GK1014-4)+7 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LZ21E010001,LQ23E020002)Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(5419-202158503A-0-5-ZN)Wenzhou key scientific and technological innovation research projects(ZG2023053)Wenzhou Natural Science Foundation(ZG2022032,G20220019,G20220021)Cooperation between industry and education project of Ministry of Education(220601318235513)State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi’an Jiaotong University(EIPE22208)the China Scholarship Council(202106370062)Doctoral Innovation Foundation of Wenzhou University(3162023001001)。
文摘P2-type layered oxide,Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2),has drawn particular interest as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its fast sodium-ion transport channels with low migration potential.However,some catastrophic flaws,such as air instability,complicated multiphase evolution,and irreversible anionic redox,limit its electrochemical performance and hinder its application.Here,an air-stable single-crystal P2-type Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Ti_(1/3)O_(2)is proposed based on the multifunctional structural modulation of Ti substitution that could alleviate the issues for practical SIBs.As a result,the cathode with high energy density shows excellent air stability and highly reversible phase transitions(P2–OP4),and delivers faster kinetics and stable anion redox chemistry.Meanwhile,a thorough investigation of the relationship between structure,function,and properties is demonstrated,emphasizing formation processes,electrochemical behavior,structural evolution,and air stability.Overall,this study provides the direction of multifunctional structural modulation for the development of high-performance sodium-based layered cathode materials for practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402302,52250710680)High-end Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan of China(G2023016009L)+3 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ24E020001)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2024C01057,2023C01232)Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Municipality(ZG2022032)The Natural Science Foundation of Changsha(kq2402017).
文摘Hard carbon(HC)anodes in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are prized for their high capacity,durability,costefficiency,environmental sustainability,and safety.The metallic ash elements in HCs inevitably affect the overall performance of SIBs,however,the unclear role of metallic ash elements during carbonization and the electrochemical sodium storage process presents challenges for advancing HC design concepts.In this review,the traditional role of metallic ash element realized in the past and the deep understanding by a new sight from the view of intrinsic types in precursor matrix are initially introduced.Subsequently,the effect of catalyzing graphitization degree,constructing pore structure,tuning SEI formation and tailoring defects of the HCs regulated by extrinsic factors introduced through experimental conditions in recent years are comprehensively summarized.Additionally,future development prospects and perspectives on the research about metallic ash element in HC are also briefly outlined.It is believed that this review can deliver noteworthy viewpoints by introducing metallic ash elements,for the continued development of adjusting the microstructure of HCs at the nanoscale to actualize highperformance SIBs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51772093,51971124,52171217,52202284National Key Research and Devel opment Programs,Grant/Award Number:2021YFB2400400+4 种基金Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:LQ23E020002WenZhou Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:G20220019,G20220021State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Grant/Award Number.EIPE22208Cooperation between Industry and Education Project of Ministry of Education,Grant/Award Number:220601318235513Doctoral Innovation Foundation of Wenzhou University,Grant/Award Number.3162023001001。
文摘The pursuit of high energy density while achieving long cycle life remains a challenge in developing transition metal(TM)oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Here,we present a concept of precisely manipulating structural evolution via local coordination chemistry regulation to design high-performance composite cathode materials.The controllable structural evolution process is realized by tuning magnesium content in Na0.6Mn1-xMgxO2,which is elucidated by a combination of experimental analysis and theoretical calculations.The substitution of Mg into Mn sites not only induces a unique structural evolu-tion from layered–tunnel structure to layered structure but also mitigates the Jahn–Teller distortion of Mn3+.Meanwhile,benefiting from the strong ionic inter-action between Mg2+and O2-,local environments around O2-coordinated with electrochemically inactive Mg2+are anchored in the TM layer,providing a pinning effect to stabilize crystal structure and smooth electrochemical profile.The layered–tunnel Na0.6Mn0.95Mg0.05O2 cathode material delivers 188.9 mAh g-1 of specific capacity,equivalent to 508.0 Wh kg-1 of energy density at 0.5C,and exhibits 71.3%of capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5C as well as excellent compatibility with hard carbon anode.This work may provide new insights of manipulating structural evolution in composite cathode materials via local coordi-nation chemistry regulation and inspire more novel design of high-performance SIB cathode materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402301,52472240,52202284)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ23E020002)the Wenzhou Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Research Project(ZG2023053)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have garnered significant attentions for grid-scale energy storage due to the low cost and abundant sodium resources.Among the various cathode materials,sodium layered transition metal oxides(Na_(x)TMO_(2))are considered highly promising for practical applications of SIBs relying on their high theoretical capacities and facile syntheses.However,the poor air stability,sluggish interfacial kinetics,and detrimental phase transitions of Na_(x)TMO_(2) commonly result in unsatisfactory cycling stability as well as inferior rate capability.In this review,recent achievements and progress in interfacial regulations aimed at improving the air stability and electrochemical performances of Na_(x)TMO_(2),such as organic/inorganic coating,interfacial-coating-doping,and heterogeneous phase designing are summarized.Such approaches can not only enable the in-situ conversion of residual alkali and/or enhance the interfacial stability,but also improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics and mitigate phase evolutions.The structural stability enhancement mechanisms of Na_(x)TMO_(2) layered oxides resulted from surface reconstructions are profoundly discussed and the influences on their electrochemical properties are concluded in this work.Finally,we outlook the novel interfacial modification strategies like of layered-tunnel heterostructure building and organicinorganic co-coating.The state-of-the-art characterization techniques and artificial intelligence are also elaborated to develop high-performance Na_(x)TMO_(2) cathodes in the future.We believe that the insights presented in this review can serve as meaningful guidance for the interfacial modulations of Na_(x)TMO_(2) cathodes.
