These Chinese National Guidelines(GB/T 35892-20181)were issued February 06,2018 and became effective September 01,2018.The authors recognized the urgent need for an authentic English translation to inform the internat...These Chinese National Guidelines(GB/T 35892-20181)were issued February 06,2018 and became effective September 01,2018.The authors recognized the urgent need for an authentic English translation to inform the international community of the compliance requirements in China.It was appreciated that the final translation must reflect the specialist understanding of those working under the Guideline whilst remaining faithful to the meaning of the original Chinese text.A three-step translation process was therefore determined.Step 1:A professional interpretation service(KL Communications,UK)was commissioned to prepare a literal translation of the Chinese text.Supportive documents were provided which explained specialist terminology.This translation was checked by two bilingual experts.Step 2:A workshop was held in Nanjing in May 2019 to which were invited experts in laboratory animal welfare and ethical use.These included international native English-speaking and Chinese-speaking delegates.The delegates worked in multilingual teams to review sections of the literal translation ahead of the workshop,and to agree an authentic interpretation during the workshop.Step 3:Following the workshop,three bilingual experts(two native Chinese speakers and one native English speaker)reviewed the entire document to ensure consistency of terminology and general accuracy.This document is thus not a“literal translation”but an“accurate interpretation”of the original text.Any challenge of work being performed under these Guidelines should rely on the Chinese text in the first place.However,this translation may be used as mitigating evidence,especially where those performing the work are non-Chinese speakers.展开更多
BACKGROUND At present,the influencing factors of social function in patients with residual depressive symptoms are still unclear.Residual depressive symptoms are highly harmful,leading to low mood in patients,affectin...BACKGROUND At present,the influencing factors of social function in patients with residual depressive symptoms are still unclear.Residual depressive symptoms are highly harmful,leading to low mood in patients,affecting work and interpersonal communication,increasing the risk of recurrence,and adding to the burden on families.Studying the influencing factors of their social function is of great significance.AIM To explore the social function score and its influencing factors in patients with residual depressive symptoms.METHODS This observational study surveyed patients with residual depressive symptoms(case group)and healthy patients undergoing physical examinations(control group).Participants were admitted between January 2022 and December 2023.Social functioning was assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale(SDS),and scores were compared between groups.Factors influencing SDS scores in patients with residual depressive symptoms were analyzed by applying multiple linear regression while using the receiver operating characteristic curve,and these RESULTS The SDS scores of the 158 patients with depressive symptoms were 11.48±3.26.Compared with the control group,the SDS scores and all items in the case group were higher.SDS scores were higher in patients with relapse,discon-tinuous medication,drug therapy alone,severe somatic symptoms,obvious residual symptoms,and anxiety scores≥8.Disease history,medication compliance,therapy method,and residual symptoms correlated positively with SDS scores(r=0.354,0.414,0.602,and 0.456,respectively).Independent influencing factors included disease history,medication compliance,therapy method,somatic symptoms,residual symptoms,and anxiety scores(P<0.05).The areas under the curve for predicting social functional impairment using these factors were 0.713,0.559,0.684,0.729,0.668,and 0.628,respectively,with sensitivities of 79.2%,61.8%,76.8%,81.7%,63.6%,and 65.5%and specificities of 83.3%,87.5%,82.6%,83.3%,86.7%,and 92.1%,respectively.CONCLUSION The social function scores of patients with residual symptoms of depression are high.They are affected by disease history,medication compliance,therapy method,degree of somatic symptoms,residual symptoms,and anxiety.展开更多
This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal o...This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.The study explores the therapeutic potential of Fanlian Huazhuo formula(FLHZF)in treating metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),demonstrating that FLHZF reduces lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,and liver injury in MASLD models by modulating key signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism and autophagy.This editorial emphasizes the potential of FLHZF as a treatment for MASLD and calls for further research to verify its clinical efficacy.展开更多
This article discusses the recent study written by Koizumi et al.Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality,which is driven by complex mechanisms,including lipid acc...This article discusses the recent study written by Koizumi et al.Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality,which is driven by complex mechanisms,including lipid accumulation,apoptosis,and inflammatory responses exacerbated by gut barrier dysfunction.The study explored the therapeutic potential of elafibranor,a dual peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor alpha/delta agonist.In clinical trials,elafibranor has shown promise for the treatment of other liver conditions;however,its effects on ALD remain unclear.The authors’findings indicate that elafibranor significantly reduced liver fibrosis and enhanced gut barrier integrity in patients with ALD.These positive effects of elafibranor are mediated through multiple pathways.Elafibranor promotes lipid metabolism,reduces oxidative stress,and inhibits inflammatory responses by restoring gut barrier function.Specifically,it improves hepatocyte function by enhancing autophagic and antioxidant capacity,and it mitigates inflammation by suppressing the lipopolysaccharide/toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway.These findings indicate that elafibranor has promising clinical applications.In addition,the study highlights elafibranor’s potential as a therapeutic agent for liver diseases,particularly ALD.This article underscores the importance of understanding the mechanistic pathways underlying ALD and suggests directions for future research aimed at elucidating the benefits and limitations of elafibranor.展开更多
The recent study of Ding et al provides valuable insights into the functional implications of novel mitochondrial tRNATrp and tRNASer(AGY)variants in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This editorial explores their findin...The recent study of Ding et al provides valuable insights into the functional implications of novel mitochondrial tRNATrp and tRNASer(AGY)variants in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This editorial explores their findings,highlighting the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of T2DM.By examining the molecular mechanisms through which these tRNA variants contribute to disease progression,the study introduces new targets for therapeutic strategies.We discuss the broader implications of these results,emphasizing the importance of understanding mitochondrial genetics in addressing T2DM.展开更多
This study examines the pivotal findings of the network meta-analysis of Zhou et al,which evaluated the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinom...This study examines the pivotal findings of the network meta-analysis of Zhou et al,which evaluated the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This meta-analysis suggests that therapeutic combinations have greater efficacy than do standard treatments.The article highlights the key insights that have the potential to shift current clinical practice and enhance outcomes for patients with advanced HCC.Additionally,this article discusses further research that can be conducted to optimize these treatments and achieve personalized care for patients with HCC.展开更多
This manuscript features the promising findings of a study conducted by Ju et al,who used graphene nanocomposites for air disinfection in dental clinics.Their study demonstrated that,compared with conventional filters...This manuscript features the promising findings of a study conducted by Ju et al,who used graphene nanocomposites for air disinfection in dental clinics.Their study demonstrated that,compared with conventional filters,graphene nanocom-posites substantially improved air quality and reduced microbial contamination.This manuscript highlights the innovative application of graphene materials,emphasizing their potential to enhance dental clinic environments by minimizing secondary pollution.On the basis of the unique antimicrobial properties of gra-phene and the original study’s rigorous methodology,we recommend using gra-phene nanocomposites in clinical settings to control airborne infections.展开更多
This editorial examines a recent study that used radiomics based on computed tomography(CT)to predict the expression of the fibroblast-related gene enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)and its correlation with the surviva...This editorial examines a recent study that used radiomics based on computed tomography(CT)to predict the expression of the fibroblast-related gene enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)and its correlation with the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).By integrating radiomics with molecular analysis,the study presented a strategy for accurately predicting the expression of EZH2 from CT scans.The findings demonstrated a strong link between the radiomics model,EZH2 expression,and patient prognosis.This noninvasive approach provides valuable insights into the therapeutic management of HCC.展开更多
This editorial assesses the prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers in patients undergoing surgical resection for pancreatic cancer.Lu et al evaluated the ability of seven biomarkers t...This editorial assesses the prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers in patients undergoing surgical resection for pancreatic cancer.Lu et al evaluated the ability of seven biomarkers to predict postoperative recovery and long-term outcomes.These biomarkers were albumin-to-globulin ratio,prognostic nutritional index(PNI),systemic immune-inflammation index,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,nutritional risk index,and geriatric nutritional risk index.The PNI was found to be a strong predictor of both overall and recurrence-free survival,underscoring its clinical relevance in managing patients with pancreatic cancer.展开更多
This editorial discusses recent advancements and ongoing challenges in diabetic retinopathy,as reviewed by Morya et al in their comprehensive analysis.In their review,Morya et al discussed the pathophysiology of diabe...This editorial discusses recent advancements and ongoing challenges in diabetic retinopathy,as reviewed by Morya et al in their comprehensive analysis.In their review,Morya et al discussed the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy and explored novel treatment modalities.This editorial highlights the importance of these advancements and emphasizes the need for continued research and innovation for the enhanced management of diabetic retinopathy.It also reflects upon the implications of the authors’review findings for clinical practice and future research directions,underscoring the potential of emerging therapies for improving patient outcomes and providing a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms.展开更多
Background Schizophrenia is characterised by pervasive cognitive deficits that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life.Pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy in addressing these deficits,h...Background Schizophrenia is characterised by pervasive cognitive deficits that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life.Pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy in addressing these deficits,highlighting the need for adjunctive interventions like computerised cognitive training(CCT).Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 30-session CCT programme on mental well-being and cognitive performance in individuals with schizophrenia.Additionally,it assessed the usability and acceptability of CCT in this population.Methods A double-blind,randomised clinical trial was conducted with 54 participants assigned to intervention and control groups.Cognitive and mental health outcomes were assessed using validated tools such as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21,the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.Usability was measured with the System Usability Scale(SUS).Assessments were conducted at baseline,post-intervention and 3 months post-follow-up.Results The CCT intervention significantly improved mental well-being,reduced stress and enhanced working memory(paired associate learning,spatial working memory and spatial span)compared with controls.However,no significant effects were observed for anxiety,depression or executive function.Usability scores were high(SUS=83.51),and compliance rates were strong(92.7%),indicating favourable participant engagement.Conclusion CCT demonstrated potential as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia,with significant improvements in targeted cognitive and mental health domains.The high usability and compliance rates support its feasibility for broader implementation.Further research is needed to optimise protocols and explore long-term benefits.CCT offers a promising approach to addressing mental health and cognitive challenges in schizophrenia,particularly for stress and working memory.Its usability and acceptability suggest it could be seamlessly integrated into clinical practice.展开更多
This editorial offers insights from a minireview by Venkatesh et al,who explored pharmacological adjuvants for diabetic vitrectomy.Specifically,they synthesized current knowledge and evaluated the efficacy of various ...This editorial offers insights from a minireview by Venkatesh et al,who explored pharmacological adjuvants for diabetic vitrectomy.Specifically,they synthesized current knowledge and evaluated the efficacy of various adjunctive therapies in improving the outcomes of diabetic retinopathy and managing associated complications.Herein,we highlight the key roles of pharmacological adjuvants in optimizing surgical techniques,minimizing intraoperative challenges,and enhancing postoperative recovery.We further discuss the potential implications of this approach for clinical practice and future research directions in this evolving field.Overall,this editorial underscores the importance of incorporating pharmacological adjuvants into standard diabetic vitrectomy care to improve surgical outcomes and thus patients’quality of life.展开更多
This editorial discusses the findings of Elbarky et al on the role of selenoprotein P1(SEPP1)in pediatric obesity and insulin resistance.Their study uncovered si-gnificantly lower SEPP1 Levels in children who were obe...This editorial discusses the findings of Elbarky et al on the role of selenoprotein P1(SEPP1)in pediatric obesity and insulin resistance.Their study uncovered si-gnificantly lower SEPP1 Levels in children who were obese compared with hea-lthy peers,demonstrating a negative correlation between SEPP1 levels and mea-sures of adiposity and insulin resistance.These findings suggest that SEPP1 is a biomarker useful in the early identification of insulin resistance in pediatric populations.This editorial emphasizes the clinical implications of the study and calls for further research to validate and explore the role of SEPP1 in metabolic health.展开更多
BACKGROUND The early acquisition of skills required to perform hemostasis during endoscopy may be hindered by the lack of tools that allow assessments of the operator’s viewpoint.Understanding the operator’s viewpoi...BACKGROUND The early acquisition of skills required to perform hemostasis during endoscopy may be hindered by the lack of tools that allow assessments of the operator’s viewpoint.Understanding the operator’s viewpoint may facilitate the skills.AIM To evaluate the effects of a training system using operator gaze patterns during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)on hemostasis.METHODS An eye-tracking system was developed to record the operator’s viewpoints during gastric ESD,displaying the viewpoint as a circle.In phase 1,videos of three trainees’viewpoints were recorded.After reviewing these,trainees were recorded again in phase 2.The videos from both phases were retrospectively reviewed,and short clips were created to evaluate the hemostasis skills.Outcome measures included the time to recognize the bleeding point,the time to complete hemostasis,and the number of coagulation attempts.RESULTS Eight cases treated with ESD were reviewed,and 10 video clips of hemostasis were created.The time required to recognize the bleeding point during phase 2 was significantly shorter than that during phase 1(8.3±4.1 seconds vs 23.1±19.2 seconds;P=0.049).The time required to complete hemostasis during phase 1 and that during phase 2 were not significantly different(15.4±6.8 seconds vs 31.9±21.7 seconds;P=0.056).Significantly fewer coagulation attempts were performed during phase 2(1.8±0.7 vs 3.2±1.0;P=0.004).CONCLUSION Short-term training did not reduce hemostasis completion time but significantly improved bleeding point recognition and reduced coagulation attempts.Learning from the operator’s viewpoint can facilitate acquiring hemostasis skills during ESD.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Reports indicating that culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)people-often with migrant backgrounds-in Australia and New Zealand are more likely to be placed in compulsory community treatment(CCT)hav...INTRODUCTION Reports indicating that culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)people-often with migrant backgrounds-in Australia and New Zealand are more likely to be placed in compulsory community treatment(CCT)have rightlyraised concernsthat such action might be discriminatory.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to examine the developmental trajectories of internalizing behaviors among adolescents and to identify key personal and environmental factors associated with these developmental patterns ove...Objective:This study aimed to examine the developmental trajectories of internalizing behaviors among adolescents and to identify key personal and environmental factors associated with these developmental patterns over time.Methods:Data were collected from 2242 adolescents(49.6%girls,aged 13.9–18.9 years)in South Korea.Latent class growth analysis was used to identify distinct developmental patterns of internalizing behaviors.Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between these developmental patterns and various factors including gender,self-esteem,abuse and neglect experiences,peer relationships,and media use.Results:The analysis revealed three latent classes of internalizing behavior trajectories among adolescents.The first group,the“mid decreasing group”,comprised 54.5%of the sample(1221 students),indicating a moderate level of internalizing behavior that declined over time.The second group,the“high decreasing group”,included 19.1%of the sample(429 students),characterized by initially high levels of internalizing behavior that decreased.The third group,the“low maintained group”,represented 26.4%of the sample(592 students),indicating consistently low levels of internalizing behavior.Factors such as gender,self-esteem,experiences of abuse and neglect,peer relationships(trust and alienation),smartphone dependency,and time spent watching TV/videos were significantly associated with these latent groups.Conclusion:Three distinct developmental patterns of internalizing behaviors were identified among adolescents:mid-decreasing(54.5%),high-decreasing(19.1%),and low-maintained(26.4%).Gender,self-esteem,abuse experiences,and peer relationships were significant predictors of these developmental patterns.展开更多
In the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology,Han et al compared the efficacy of and adverse reactions to bevacizumab versus lenvatinib as molecularly targeted agents in combination with interventional ...In the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology,Han et al compared the efficacy of and adverse reactions to bevacizumab versus lenvatinib as molecularly targeted agents in combination with interventional therapy and immunotherapy(IMT)to treat intermediate-to-advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.No significant differences in efficacy or adverse reactions were observed between bevacizumab and lenvatinib.This study is highly promising because in some regions,e.g.,Japan,the combination of molecularly targeted therapy with IMT is fixed because of insurance restrictions,and some molecularly targeted agents cannot be combined with IMT.Further studies using these three modalities are expected to be conducted in the future.Additionally,because advanced radiotherapy modalities have recently been established,the number of combinations continues to increase,and further evidence regarding combination therapy,which is the cornerstone of personalized medicine,needs to be accumulated.展开更多
Objective: To study the effects of starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) prior the age of two years on the growth (height and weight) of HIV-infected children. Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study. HIV...Objective: To study the effects of starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) prior the age of two years on the growth (height and weight) of HIV-infected children. Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study. HIV-infected children on ART aged less than 15 years were divided into two groups Group 1 (G1) comprising children who started ART prior 2 years and Group (G2) those put on treatment thereafter. Main Measures: Percentage of children with growth retardation measured by Height for Age (H/A) and Weight for Age (W/A) Results: In total, we included 90 subjects. The median age was 10 years with a slight female predominance (51.2%). Most children were asymptomatic at the time of the study (96.6%), compliant with treatment (81%), 54.8% of children were on cotrimoxazole, 33% knew their status. At initiation, underweight was predominant in group 1 compared to group 2 (52% versus 29.5%;p = 0.015). Conversely, stunted growth predominated in G2 compared to G1 but without significant difference (38% versus 50%;p = 0.147). At the time of our study (median age of 10 years), catch-up height and weight predominated in G1 compared to G2;only a small proportion remained below −2SD (4% versus 18.2%;p = 0.015 and 9% versus 29.5%;p = 0.006 respectively for underweight and stunted growth). Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Growth retardation was common at ART initiation. Catch-up in height was more evident in the early treatment group. Initiation of ART before the age of 2 years rather influences children’s height than weight. The result of this study further emphasizes the need of early ART and closed clinical monitoring to better assess the impact of ART in areas with high rates of undernutrition.展开更多
基金Astra Zeneca R&DUniversities Federation for Animal Welfare+3 种基金Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to AnimalsNovo Nordisk PharmaceuticalsGovernment of the United KingdomAAALAC International。
文摘These Chinese National Guidelines(GB/T 35892-20181)were issued February 06,2018 and became effective September 01,2018.The authors recognized the urgent need for an authentic English translation to inform the international community of the compliance requirements in China.It was appreciated that the final translation must reflect the specialist understanding of those working under the Guideline whilst remaining faithful to the meaning of the original Chinese text.A three-step translation process was therefore determined.Step 1:A professional interpretation service(KL Communications,UK)was commissioned to prepare a literal translation of the Chinese text.Supportive documents were provided which explained specialist terminology.This translation was checked by two bilingual experts.Step 2:A workshop was held in Nanjing in May 2019 to which were invited experts in laboratory animal welfare and ethical use.These included international native English-speaking and Chinese-speaking delegates.The delegates worked in multilingual teams to review sections of the literal translation ahead of the workshop,and to agree an authentic interpretation during the workshop.Step 3:Following the workshop,three bilingual experts(two native Chinese speakers and one native English speaker)reviewed the entire document to ensure consistency of terminology and general accuracy.This document is thus not a“literal translation”but an“accurate interpretation”of the original text.Any challenge of work being performed under these Guidelines should rely on the Chinese text in the first place.However,this translation may be used as mitigating evidence,especially where those performing the work are non-Chinese speakers.
文摘BACKGROUND At present,the influencing factors of social function in patients with residual depressive symptoms are still unclear.Residual depressive symptoms are highly harmful,leading to low mood in patients,affecting work and interpersonal communication,increasing the risk of recurrence,and adding to the burden on families.Studying the influencing factors of their social function is of great significance.AIM To explore the social function score and its influencing factors in patients with residual depressive symptoms.METHODS This observational study surveyed patients with residual depressive symptoms(case group)and healthy patients undergoing physical examinations(control group).Participants were admitted between January 2022 and December 2023.Social functioning was assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale(SDS),and scores were compared between groups.Factors influencing SDS scores in patients with residual depressive symptoms were analyzed by applying multiple linear regression while using the receiver operating characteristic curve,and these RESULTS The SDS scores of the 158 patients with depressive symptoms were 11.48±3.26.Compared with the control group,the SDS scores and all items in the case group were higher.SDS scores were higher in patients with relapse,discon-tinuous medication,drug therapy alone,severe somatic symptoms,obvious residual symptoms,and anxiety scores≥8.Disease history,medication compliance,therapy method,and residual symptoms correlated positively with SDS scores(r=0.354,0.414,0.602,and 0.456,respectively).Independent influencing factors included disease history,medication compliance,therapy method,somatic symptoms,residual symptoms,and anxiety scores(P<0.05).The areas under the curve for predicting social functional impairment using these factors were 0.713,0.559,0.684,0.729,0.668,and 0.628,respectively,with sensitivities of 79.2%,61.8%,76.8%,81.7%,63.6%,and 65.5%and specificities of 83.3%,87.5%,82.6%,83.3%,86.7%,and 92.1%,respectively.CONCLUSION The social function scores of patients with residual symptoms of depression are high.They are affected by disease history,medication compliance,therapy method,degree of somatic symptoms,residual symptoms,and anxiety.
文摘This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.The study explores the therapeutic potential of Fanlian Huazhuo formula(FLHZF)in treating metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),demonstrating that FLHZF reduces lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,and liver injury in MASLD models by modulating key signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism and autophagy.This editorial emphasizes the potential of FLHZF as a treatment for MASLD and calls for further research to verify its clinical efficacy.
文摘This article discusses the recent study written by Koizumi et al.Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality,which is driven by complex mechanisms,including lipid accumulation,apoptosis,and inflammatory responses exacerbated by gut barrier dysfunction.The study explored the therapeutic potential of elafibranor,a dual peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor alpha/delta agonist.In clinical trials,elafibranor has shown promise for the treatment of other liver conditions;however,its effects on ALD remain unclear.The authors’findings indicate that elafibranor significantly reduced liver fibrosis and enhanced gut barrier integrity in patients with ALD.These positive effects of elafibranor are mediated through multiple pathways.Elafibranor promotes lipid metabolism,reduces oxidative stress,and inhibits inflammatory responses by restoring gut barrier function.Specifically,it improves hepatocyte function by enhancing autophagic and antioxidant capacity,and it mitigates inflammation by suppressing the lipopolysaccharide/toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway.These findings indicate that elafibranor has promising clinical applications.In addition,the study highlights elafibranor’s potential as a therapeutic agent for liver diseases,particularly ALD.This article underscores the importance of understanding the mechanistic pathways underlying ALD and suggests directions for future research aimed at elucidating the benefits and limitations of elafibranor.
文摘The recent study of Ding et al provides valuable insights into the functional implications of novel mitochondrial tRNATrp and tRNASer(AGY)variants in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This editorial explores their findings,highlighting the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of T2DM.By examining the molecular mechanisms through which these tRNA variants contribute to disease progression,the study introduces new targets for therapeutic strategies.We discuss the broader implications of these results,emphasizing the importance of understanding mitochondrial genetics in addressing T2DM.
文摘This study examines the pivotal findings of the network meta-analysis of Zhou et al,which evaluated the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This meta-analysis suggests that therapeutic combinations have greater efficacy than do standard treatments.The article highlights the key insights that have the potential to shift current clinical practice and enhance outcomes for patients with advanced HCC.Additionally,this article discusses further research that can be conducted to optimize these treatments and achieve personalized care for patients with HCC.
文摘This manuscript features the promising findings of a study conducted by Ju et al,who used graphene nanocomposites for air disinfection in dental clinics.Their study demonstrated that,compared with conventional filters,graphene nanocom-posites substantially improved air quality and reduced microbial contamination.This manuscript highlights the innovative application of graphene materials,emphasizing their potential to enhance dental clinic environments by minimizing secondary pollution.On the basis of the unique antimicrobial properties of gra-phene and the original study’s rigorous methodology,we recommend using gra-phene nanocomposites in clinical settings to control airborne infections.
文摘This editorial examines a recent study that used radiomics based on computed tomography(CT)to predict the expression of the fibroblast-related gene enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)and its correlation with the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).By integrating radiomics with molecular analysis,the study presented a strategy for accurately predicting the expression of EZH2 from CT scans.The findings demonstrated a strong link between the radiomics model,EZH2 expression,and patient prognosis.This noninvasive approach provides valuable insights into the therapeutic management of HCC.
文摘This editorial assesses the prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers in patients undergoing surgical resection for pancreatic cancer.Lu et al evaluated the ability of seven biomarkers to predict postoperative recovery and long-term outcomes.These biomarkers were albumin-to-globulin ratio,prognostic nutritional index(PNI),systemic immune-inflammation index,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,nutritional risk index,and geriatric nutritional risk index.The PNI was found to be a strong predictor of both overall and recurrence-free survival,underscoring its clinical relevance in managing patients with pancreatic cancer.
文摘This editorial discusses recent advancements and ongoing challenges in diabetic retinopathy,as reviewed by Morya et al in their comprehensive analysis.In their review,Morya et al discussed the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy and explored novel treatment modalities.This editorial highlights the importance of these advancements and emphasizes the need for continued research and innovation for the enhanced management of diabetic retinopathy.It also reflects upon the implications of the authors’review findings for clinical practice and future research directions,underscoring the potential of emerging therapies for improving patient outcomes and providing a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms.
基金supported by a grant from University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences for the research expenses.
文摘Background Schizophrenia is characterised by pervasive cognitive deficits that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life.Pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy in addressing these deficits,highlighting the need for adjunctive interventions like computerised cognitive training(CCT).Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 30-session CCT programme on mental well-being and cognitive performance in individuals with schizophrenia.Additionally,it assessed the usability and acceptability of CCT in this population.Methods A double-blind,randomised clinical trial was conducted with 54 participants assigned to intervention and control groups.Cognitive and mental health outcomes were assessed using validated tools such as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21,the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.Usability was measured with the System Usability Scale(SUS).Assessments were conducted at baseline,post-intervention and 3 months post-follow-up.Results The CCT intervention significantly improved mental well-being,reduced stress and enhanced working memory(paired associate learning,spatial working memory and spatial span)compared with controls.However,no significant effects were observed for anxiety,depression or executive function.Usability scores were high(SUS=83.51),and compliance rates were strong(92.7%),indicating favourable participant engagement.Conclusion CCT demonstrated potential as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia,with significant improvements in targeted cognitive and mental health domains.The high usability and compliance rates support its feasibility for broader implementation.Further research is needed to optimise protocols and explore long-term benefits.CCT offers a promising approach to addressing mental health and cognitive challenges in schizophrenia,particularly for stress and working memory.Its usability and acceptability suggest it could be seamlessly integrated into clinical practice.
文摘This editorial offers insights from a minireview by Venkatesh et al,who explored pharmacological adjuvants for diabetic vitrectomy.Specifically,they synthesized current knowledge and evaluated the efficacy of various adjunctive therapies in improving the outcomes of diabetic retinopathy and managing associated complications.Herein,we highlight the key roles of pharmacological adjuvants in optimizing surgical techniques,minimizing intraoperative challenges,and enhancing postoperative recovery.We further discuss the potential implications of this approach for clinical practice and future research directions in this evolving field.Overall,this editorial underscores the importance of incorporating pharmacological adjuvants into standard diabetic vitrectomy care to improve surgical outcomes and thus patients’quality of life.
文摘This editorial discusses the findings of Elbarky et al on the role of selenoprotein P1(SEPP1)in pediatric obesity and insulin resistance.Their study uncovered si-gnificantly lower SEPP1 Levels in children who were obese compared with hea-lthy peers,demonstrating a negative correlation between SEPP1 levels and mea-sures of adiposity and insulin resistance.These findings suggest that SEPP1 is a biomarker useful in the early identification of insulin resistance in pediatric populations.This editorial emphasizes the clinical implications of the study and calls for further research to validate and explore the role of SEPP1 in metabolic health.
基金Supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research,No.23K11902.
文摘BACKGROUND The early acquisition of skills required to perform hemostasis during endoscopy may be hindered by the lack of tools that allow assessments of the operator’s viewpoint.Understanding the operator’s viewpoint may facilitate the skills.AIM To evaluate the effects of a training system using operator gaze patterns during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)on hemostasis.METHODS An eye-tracking system was developed to record the operator’s viewpoints during gastric ESD,displaying the viewpoint as a circle.In phase 1,videos of three trainees’viewpoints were recorded.After reviewing these,trainees were recorded again in phase 2.The videos from both phases were retrospectively reviewed,and short clips were created to evaluate the hemostasis skills.Outcome measures included the time to recognize the bleeding point,the time to complete hemostasis,and the number of coagulation attempts.RESULTS Eight cases treated with ESD were reviewed,and 10 video clips of hemostasis were created.The time required to recognize the bleeding point during phase 2 was significantly shorter than that during phase 1(8.3±4.1 seconds vs 23.1±19.2 seconds;P=0.049).The time required to complete hemostasis during phase 1 and that during phase 2 were not significantly different(15.4±6.8 seconds vs 31.9±21.7 seconds;P=0.056).Significantly fewer coagulation attempts were performed during phase 2(1.8±0.7 vs 3.2±1.0;P=0.004).CONCLUSION Short-term training did not reduce hemostasis completion time but significantly improved bleeding point recognition and reduced coagulation attempts.Learning from the operator’s viewpoint can facilitate acquiring hemostasis skills during ESD.
文摘INTRODUCTION Reports indicating that culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)people-often with migrant backgrounds-in Australia and New Zealand are more likely to be placed in compulsory community treatment(CCT)have rightlyraised concernsthat such action might be discriminatory.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to examine the developmental trajectories of internalizing behaviors among adolescents and to identify key personal and environmental factors associated with these developmental patterns over time.Methods:Data were collected from 2242 adolescents(49.6%girls,aged 13.9–18.9 years)in South Korea.Latent class growth analysis was used to identify distinct developmental patterns of internalizing behaviors.Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between these developmental patterns and various factors including gender,self-esteem,abuse and neglect experiences,peer relationships,and media use.Results:The analysis revealed three latent classes of internalizing behavior trajectories among adolescents.The first group,the“mid decreasing group”,comprised 54.5%of the sample(1221 students),indicating a moderate level of internalizing behavior that declined over time.The second group,the“high decreasing group”,included 19.1%of the sample(429 students),characterized by initially high levels of internalizing behavior that decreased.The third group,the“low maintained group”,represented 26.4%of the sample(592 students),indicating consistently low levels of internalizing behavior.Factors such as gender,self-esteem,experiences of abuse and neglect,peer relationships(trust and alienation),smartphone dependency,and time spent watching TV/videos were significantly associated with these latent groups.Conclusion:Three distinct developmental patterns of internalizing behaviors were identified among adolescents:mid-decreasing(54.5%),high-decreasing(19.1%),and low-maintained(26.4%).Gender,self-esteem,abuse experiences,and peer relationships were significant predictors of these developmental patterns.
文摘In the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology,Han et al compared the efficacy of and adverse reactions to bevacizumab versus lenvatinib as molecularly targeted agents in combination with interventional therapy and immunotherapy(IMT)to treat intermediate-to-advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.No significant differences in efficacy or adverse reactions were observed between bevacizumab and lenvatinib.This study is highly promising because in some regions,e.g.,Japan,the combination of molecularly targeted therapy with IMT is fixed because of insurance restrictions,and some molecularly targeted agents cannot be combined with IMT.Further studies using these three modalities are expected to be conducted in the future.Additionally,because advanced radiotherapy modalities have recently been established,the number of combinations continues to increase,and further evidence regarding combination therapy,which is the cornerstone of personalized medicine,needs to be accumulated.
文摘Objective: To study the effects of starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) prior the age of two years on the growth (height and weight) of HIV-infected children. Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study. HIV-infected children on ART aged less than 15 years were divided into two groups Group 1 (G1) comprising children who started ART prior 2 years and Group (G2) those put on treatment thereafter. Main Measures: Percentage of children with growth retardation measured by Height for Age (H/A) and Weight for Age (W/A) Results: In total, we included 90 subjects. The median age was 10 years with a slight female predominance (51.2%). Most children were asymptomatic at the time of the study (96.6%), compliant with treatment (81%), 54.8% of children were on cotrimoxazole, 33% knew their status. At initiation, underweight was predominant in group 1 compared to group 2 (52% versus 29.5%;p = 0.015). Conversely, stunted growth predominated in G2 compared to G1 but without significant difference (38% versus 50%;p = 0.147). At the time of our study (median age of 10 years), catch-up height and weight predominated in G1 compared to G2;only a small proportion remained below −2SD (4% versus 18.2%;p = 0.015 and 9% versus 29.5%;p = 0.006 respectively for underweight and stunted growth). Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Growth retardation was common at ART initiation. Catch-up in height was more evident in the early treatment group. Initiation of ART before the age of 2 years rather influences children’s height than weight. The result of this study further emphasizes the need of early ART and closed clinical monitoring to better assess the impact of ART in areas with high rates of undernutrition.
