In this paper,we present a novel approach to enhancing the visible light photodetection efficiency of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)by incorporating polypyrrole(Ppy)nanoparticles sized between 126 nm and 1025 nm.The rGO ...In this paper,we present a novel approach to enhancing the visible light photodetection efficiency of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)by incorporating polypyrrole(Ppy)nanoparticles sized between 126 nm and 1025 nm.The rGO and Ppy nanoparticles were synthesized via Hummer’s method and chemical polymerization,respectively.Characterization was performed using scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),Raman spectroscopy,and optical measurements.The rGO/Ppy photodetector demonstrated a high photoresponsivity of 15 mA/W and a broad spectral response from 405 nm to 805 nm,indicating improved efficiency and versatility.This study high-lights the potential of tailored Ppy nanoparticle sizes in advancing rGO photodetectors for high-performance optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Information about the average water consumption or evapotranspiration of crops is the basis for scheduling irrigation and the water requirements of plants,and choosing the appropriate crops for the region in light.Thi...Information about the average water consumption or evapotranspiration of crops is the basis for scheduling irrigation and the water requirements of plants,and choosing the appropriate crops for the region in light.This experiment was carried out to evaluate and calculate the ability of the CropWat program to estimate evapotranspiration rates,and plant consumptive water use for strategic crops in Iraq,including wheat and barley in Dhi Qar Governorate.The results of the study showed that the maximum root depth ranged between 1.20 m,and 1.10 m in the distance between the vegetative growth and flowering stages for wheat and barley crops,respectively.It was also noted that the crop evapotranspiration(ETc)values decreased at the beginning of the growing season,ranging from 0.79 mm day–1 to 1.57 mm day–1 for wheat and barley crops,respectively.Then,the values increased with the progress of the growing season and the increase of the vegetative mass of the plants,reaching 3.72 mm day–1 and 3.46 mm day–1 for wheat and barley crops,respectively.The reference evapotranspiration(ETo)values were also low in the first months of the year and were around 2.1 mm day–1 at the beginning,then gradually increased with the progress of the months of the year,reaching the maximum reference evapotranspiration values of 10.5 mm day–1 in the seventh month,and then the values decreased at the end of the season for wheat and barley crops.展开更多
High-efficiency solar energy systems are characterized by their designs,which primarily rely on effective concentration and conversion methods of solar radiation.Evaluation of the performance enhancement of flat plate...High-efficiency solar energy systems are characterized by their designs,which primarily rely on effective concentration and conversion methods of solar radiation.Evaluation of the performance enhancement of flat plate solar collectors by integration with thermal energy storage could be achieved through simulation of proposed designs.The work aims to analyze a new solar collector integrated with a porous medium and shell and coiled tube heat exchanger.The heat transfer enhancement was investigated by varying the geometrical parameters in shell and helically coiled tubes operating with CuFe_(2)O_(4)/water with different volume fractions of 0.02%,0.05%,and 0.1 vol.%.This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the performance of the flat plate solar collector integrated with a helical coil heat exchanger using nanofluids.The solar collector has a dimension of 180 cm×80 cm and works with close-loop systems operated by the thermo siphon method.Two types of helical coil heat exchangers,Coil-A and Coil-B have been investigated.The diameter of the glass porous media was investigated at 2,5,and 10 mm.The results manifested that the enhancement in the Nusselt number of the nanofluid reached maximum values of 15%,18%,and 22%for nanofluid ferrofluid with volume concentrations of 0.02%,0.05%,and 0.1%,respectively,for Coil-A.The maximum values of Nusselt number enhancement were 14%,17%,and 20%for ferrofluid concentrations of 0.02%,0.05%,and 0.1 vol.%,respectively,for Coil-B.The results also elucidated that the nanofluid mass flow and heat transfer rates could be noticeably compared to water.Where the increase is 5%,10%,and 20%for each concentration and diameter of the porous media,it specifies the enormous ranges of operational and geometrical parameters.展开更多
Enhancing website security is crucial to combat malicious activities,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart)has become a key method to distinguish humans from bots.Whil...Enhancing website security is crucial to combat malicious activities,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart)has become a key method to distinguish humans from bots.While text-based CAPTCHAs are designed to challenge machines while remaining human-readable,recent advances in deep learning have enabled models to recognize them with remarkable efficiency.In this regard,we propose a novel two-layer visual attention framework for CAPTCHA recognition that builds on traditional attention mechanisms by incorporating Guided Visual Attention(GVA),which sharpens focus on relevant visual features.We have specifically adapted the well-established image captioning task to address this need.Our approach utilizes the first-level attention module as guidance to the second-level attention component,incorporating two LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory)layers to enhance CAPTCHA recognition.Our extensive evaluation across four diverse datasets—Weibo,BoC(Bank of China),Gregwar,and Captcha 0.3—shows the adaptability and efficacy of our method.Our approach demonstrated impressive performance,achieving an accuracy of 96.70%for BoC and 95.92%for Webo.These results underscore the effectiveness of our method in accurately recognizing and processing CAPTCHA datasets,showcasing its robustness,reliability,and ability to handle varied challenges in CAPTCHA recognition.展开更多
The implementation of Countermeasure Techniques(CTs)in the context of Network-On-Chip(NoC)based Multiprocessor System-On-Chip(MPSoC)routers against the Flooding Denial-of-Service Attack(F-DoSA)falls under Multi-Criter...The implementation of Countermeasure Techniques(CTs)in the context of Network-On-Chip(NoC)based Multiprocessor System-On-Chip(MPSoC)routers against the Flooding Denial-of-Service Attack(F-DoSA)falls under Multi-Criteria Decision-Making(MCDM)due to the three main concerns,called:traffic variations,multiple evaluation criteria-based traffic features,and prioritization NoC routers as an alternative.In this study,we propose a comprehensive evaluation of various NoC traffic features to identify the most efficient routers under the F-DoSA scenarios.Consequently,an MCDM approach is essential to address these emerging challenges.While the recent MCDM approach has some issues,such as uncertainty,this study utilizes Fuzzy-Weighted Zero-Inconsistency(FWZIC)to estimate the criteria weight values and Fuzzy Decision by Opinion Score Method(FDOSM)for ranking the routers with fuzzy Single-valued Neutrosophic under names(SvN-FWZIC and SvN-FDOSM)to overcome the ambiguity.The results obtained by using the SvN-FWZIC method indicate that the Max packet count has the highest importance among the evaluated criteria,with a weighted score of 0.1946.In contrast,the Hop count is identified as the least significant criterion,with a weighted score of 0.1090.The remaining criteria fall within a range of intermediate importance,with enqueue time scoring 0.1845,packet count decremented and traversal index scoring 0.1262,packet count incremented scoring 0.1124,and packet count index scoring 0.1472.In terms of ranking,SvN-FDOSM has two approaches:individual and group.Both the individual and group ranking processes show that(Router 4)is the most effective router,while(Router 3)is the lowest router under F-DoSA.The sensitivity analysis provides a high stability in ranking among all 10 scenarios.This approach offers essential feedback in making proper decisions in the design of countermeasure techniques in the domain of NoC-based MPSoC.展开更多
Objective The treatment of Wilms’tumor(WT)in children largely relies on a multidisciplinary strategy.In the absence of an appropriate multidisciplinary team,we reviewed the data of children with WT to determine their...Objective The treatment of Wilms’tumor(WT)in children largely relies on a multidisciplinary strategy.In the absence of an appropriate multidisciplinary team,we reviewed the data of children with WT to determine their outcomes.The primary goal of the study was to highlight the role that a pediatric oncologist plays in the management of WT in low-and middle-income countries,taking into account the variety of initial treatments available,the lack of multidisciplinary care,and management strategies to overcome obstacles.Methods Retrospective recruitment was used to identify patients,aged 18 years or under,with WT diagnosis,in a major tertiary hospital in Iraq between January 2014 and December 2021.Initially,patients were treated with a pretreatment biopsy,preoperative chemotherapy,or upfront nephrectomy.Results In this study,54 patients were enrolled.The median age was 3.3 years.The numbers of patients with stages I and III are 24(44%)and 12(22%),respectively.Seven patients had pretreatment biopsies.In 23 patients,upfront nephrectomy was performed.The histology of only two patients was unfavorable.In 20 patients,intraoperative complications were not disclosed.The mean 3-year estimated event-free survival was 64%(standard deviation 6.6%)and the mean overall survival was 76%(standard deviation 6.8%).There was a significant statistical difference according to stages of disease(p<0.001).Compared with the extended study until December 2021,the overall survival of the previous study from January 2014 to December 2017 was only 40%.Conclusion Promising results for pediatric WT can be attained in low-and middle-income nations.Acquiring an evidence-based strategy tailored to a low-and middle-income country and a multidisciplinary approach may escalate the outcome.展开更多
Improving website security to prevent malicious online activities is crucial,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart)has emerged as a key strategy for distinguishing huma...Improving website security to prevent malicious online activities is crucial,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart)has emerged as a key strategy for distinguishing human users from automated bots.Text-based CAPTCHAs,designed to be easily decipherable by humans yet challenging for machines,are a common form of this verification.However,advancements in deep learning have facilitated the creation of models adept at recognizing these text-based CAPTCHAs with surprising efficiency.In our comprehensive investigation into CAPTCHA recognition,we have tailored the renowned UpDown image captioning model specifically for this purpose.Our approach innovatively combines an encoder to extract both global and local features,significantly boosting the model’s capability to identify complex details within CAPTCHA images.For the decoding phase,we have adopted a refined attention mechanism,integrating enhanced visual attention with dual layers of Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks to elevate CAPTCHA recognition accuracy.Our rigorous testing across four varied datasets,including those from Weibo,BoC,Gregwar,and Captcha 0.3,demonstrates the versatility and effectiveness of our method.The results not only highlight the efficiency of our approach but also offer profound insights into its applicability across different CAPTCHA types,contributing to a deeper understanding of CAPTCHA recognition technology.展开更多
The rapid and increasing growth in the volume and number of cyber threats from malware is not a real danger;the real threat lies in the obfuscation of these cyberattacks,as they constantly change their behavior,making...The rapid and increasing growth in the volume and number of cyber threats from malware is not a real danger;the real threat lies in the obfuscation of these cyberattacks,as they constantly change their behavior,making detection more difficult.Numerous researchers and developers have devoted considerable attention to this topic;however,the research field has not yet been fully saturated with high-quality studies that address these problems.For this reason,this paper presents a novel multi-objective Markov-enhanced adaptive whale optimization(MOMEAWO)cybersecurity model to improve the classification of binary and multi-class malware threats through the proposed MOMEAWO approach.The proposed MOMEAWO cybersecurity model aims to provide an innovative solution for analyzing,detecting,and classifying the behavior of obfuscated malware within their respective families.The proposed model includes three classification types:Binary classification and multi-class classification(e.g.,four families and 16 malware families).To evaluate the performance of this model,we used a recently published dataset called the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity Malware Memory Analysis(CIC-MalMem-2022)that contains balanced data.The results show near-perfect accuracy in binary classification and high accuracy in multi-class classification compared with related work using the same dataset.展开更多
Spectral subtraction is used in this research as a method to remove noise from noisy speech signals in the frequency domain. This method consists of computing the spectrum of the noisy speech using the Fast Fourier Tr...Spectral subtraction is used in this research as a method to remove noise from noisy speech signals in the frequency domain. This method consists of computing the spectrum of the noisy speech using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and subtracting the average magnitude of the noise spectrum from the noisy speech spectrum. We applied spectral subtraction to the speech signal “Real graph”. A digital audio recorder system embedded in a personal computer was used to sample the speech signal “Real graph” to which we digitally added vacuum cleaner noise. The noise removal algorithm was implemented using Matlab software by storing the noisy speech data into Hanning time-widowed half-overlapped data buffers, computing the corresponding spectrums using the FFT, removing the noise from the noisy speech, and reconstructing the speech back into the time domain using the inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT). The performance of the algorithm was evaluated by calculating the Speech to Noise Ratio (SNR). Frame averaging was introduced as an optional technique that could improve the SNR. Seventeen different configurations with various lengths of the Hanning time windows, various degrees of data buffers overlapping, and various numbers of frames to be averaged were investigated in view of improving the SNR. Results showed that using one-fourth overlapped data buffers with 128 points Hanning windows and no frames averaging leads to the best performance in removing noise from the noisy speech.展开更多
In recent years,the focus of tropospheric studies has evolved to GNSS meteorology and weather fore-casting.The Zenith Wet Delay(ZWD),which might be assembled to the Integrated Water Vapour(IWV),is an essential compone...In recent years,the focus of tropospheric studies has evolved to GNSS meteorology and weather fore-casting.The Zenith Wet Delay(ZWD),which might be assembled to the Integrated Water Vapour(IWV),is an essential component of the tropospheric delay.Acquiring predicted the ZWD with the required level of accuracy is crucial for weather forecasting.The scope of this study is to use the adaptive neural fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)to predict the ZWD for the following six-hour epoch based exclusively on the present the ZWD value.It was developed and verified using 505 geographically and internationally distributed stations which were used for training and testing from 2008 to 2019.It was assessed based on two criteria.First,the correlation coefficient(R)values were found to be more than 0.8 in 98%of the stations,including those with highest and lowest latitudes,and the remaining 2% of stations located in coastal areas.Second,the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)values of the differences between the pre-dicted and the actual ZWD were considered to be the more important finding of the study.That is,99.21% of the 505 stations had the RMSE values equal to or less than 3 cm,with only 4 stations having the RMSE values higher(0.2 mm)than 3 cm.Since the results of this study achieved the required degree of ac-curacy from the predicted ZWD to be utilized in weather forecasting,they may also be beneficial for GNSS meteorology.展开更多
Timely detection of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) is very important so that eradication action can be taken on time. The larvae stage of this insect is the most dangerous stage as it is within the pulp of the fruit...Timely detection of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) is very important so that eradication action can be taken on time. The larvae stage of this insect is the most dangerous stage as it is within the pulp of the fruit, making it hard to detect by visual inspection. In most countries at ports of entry the inspector check a small sample of fruit by visual inspection or by cutting the produce and searching for fungus and pests. This paper will investigate a quick, reliable and sensitive method to determine the presence of fruit flies. Our research focuses on developing the technology for detecting hidden infestations by using the Head Space-Soild Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) method coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrocopy (GC-MS) technique. Five different types of fruit were infested with an early stage of Medfly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephidae). We investigated to detect the differences in volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) between infested and non- infested fruits by using HS-SPME with (GC-MS). The results indicated that for few chemicals no significant differences between infested and non-infested fruit can be seen, especially in the fruits with first instar. However, in case of third instar larvae infested fruits significant differences in the chemicals can be seen as compare to non infested fruits and other instar infestations. These chemicals include ethyl (Z)-2 butenoate, 2-heptanone, anisole, β-cis-ocimene, 1,3,7-nonatriene,4,8-dimethy-,ethyl octyate, isoamyl caproate and 1β,4βh,10βh- guaia-5,11-diene, in apple. Ethyl (Z)-2-butenoate, (+)-2-bornanone, (-)-trans- isopiperitenol, methyl caprate, caryophyllene and farnesene in orange. Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-,2-methylbutul acetate, sabinene, β-myrcene, octanoic acid, methyl ester, dihydrocarvone, (-)-trans-isopiperitenol and ethyl laurate in mandarin. Butyl 2-methylbutanoate, terpinen-4-ol, P-menth-8-en-2-one, E-,(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene and dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester in lemon. Decane, 3-methyl-, p-menth-1,4(8)-diene, 1-undecene and α-cubebene in avocado. Thus, the VOC’s method could provide a possible tool for detecting tephritid larvae and this method could be adopted by industries importing and exporting fruit.展开更多
This paper reviews several recently-developed techniques for the minimum-cost optimal design of water-retaining structures (WRSs), which integrate the effects of seepage. These include the incorporation of uncertainty...This paper reviews several recently-developed techniques for the minimum-cost optimal design of water-retaining structures (WRSs), which integrate the effects of seepage. These include the incorporation of uncertainty in heterogeneous soil parameter estimates and quantification of reliability. This review is limited to methods based on coupled simulation-optimization (S-O) models. In this context, the design of WRSs is mainly affected by hydraulic design variables such as seepage quantities, which are difficult to determine from closed-form solutions or approximation theories. An S-O model is built by integrating numerical seepage modeling responses to an optimization algorithm based on efficient surrogate models. The surrogate models (meta-models) are trained on simulated data obtained from finite element numerical code solutions. The proposed methodology is applied using several machine learning techniques and optimization solvers to optimize the design of WRS by incorporating different design variables and boundary conditions. Additionally, the effects of several scenarios of flow domain hydraulic conductivity are integrated into the S-O model. Also, reliability based optimum design concepts are incorporated in the S-O model to quantify uncertainty in seepage quantities due to uncertainty in hydraulic conductivity estimates. We can conclude that the S-O model can efficiently optimize WRS designs. The ANN, SVM, and GPR machine learning technique-based surrogate models are efficiently and expeditiously incorporated into the S-O models to imitate the numerical responses of simulations of various problems.展开更多
Forecasting river flow is crucial for optimal planning,management,and sustainability using freshwater resources.Many machine learning(ML)approaches have been enhanced to improve streamflow prediction.Hybrid techniques...Forecasting river flow is crucial for optimal planning,management,and sustainability using freshwater resources.Many machine learning(ML)approaches have been enhanced to improve streamflow prediction.Hybrid techniques have been viewed as a viable method for enhancing the accuracy of univariate streamflow estimation when compared to standalone approaches.Current researchers have also emphasised using hybrid models to improve forecast accuracy.Accordingly,this paper conducts an updated literature review of applications of hybrid models in estimating streamflow over the last five years,summarising data preprocessing,univariate machine learning modelling strategy,advantages and disadvantages of standalone ML techniques,hybrid models,and performance metrics.This study focuses on two types of hybrid models:parameter optimisation-based hybrid models(OBH)and hybridisation of parameter optimisation-based and preprocessing-based hybridmodels(HOPH).Overall,this research supports the idea thatmeta-heuristic approaches precisely improveML techniques.It’s also one of the first efforts to comprehensively examine the efficiency of various meta-heuristic approaches(classified into four primary classes)hybridised with ML techniques.This study revealed that previous research applied swarm,evolutionary,physics,and hybrid metaheuristics with 77%,61%,12%,and 12%,respectively.Finally,there is still room for improving OBH and HOPH models by examining different data pre-processing techniques and metaheuristic algorithms.展开更多
Lesser Zab is one of the most important tributaries of Tigris River. During the last few decades, the streamflow significantly decreased for long periods followed by extensive flood in short periods. This study aimed ...Lesser Zab is one of the most important tributaries of Tigris River. During the last few decades, the streamflow significantly decreased for long periods followed by extensive flood in short periods. This study aimed to quantify the impact of climate change on streamflow at Dokan Dam until year 2050 using SWAT model based on the scenario of medium emission (A1B) and five climate projection models. SWAT run using Climate Forecasting System Reanalysis (CFSR) was used as weather input data then calibrated and validated on monthly time step for the period from 1980 to 2013 with Nash-Sutcliff Efficiency (NSE) of 0.73 and determination coefficient (R2) 0.73 for calibration processes. The data of this period is more reliable. The result indicated to a significant decrease on the projected streamflow until year 2050 with average streamflow for the six climate models of 167 m3/sec in past compared with the observed streamflow of 176.5 m3/sec for the base period (1980-2013). In addition, the study shows that most runoffs come from Iranian part of the Dokan Dam Watershed with 65% of total simulated runoff. It is highly recommended to improve the efficiency of water using for current and future water projects to meet the expected water shortage.展开更多
This paper focuses on the dramatic transformation of the inherited historical urban and architectural characteristics of the city of Al-Najafin Iraq,seeking new ways of seeing the possibilities of preserving and revit...This paper focuses on the dramatic transformation of the inherited historical urban and architectural characteristics of the city of Al-Najafin Iraq,seeking new ways of seeing the possibilities of preserving and revitalizing the historical center of the city.In addition to being one of the most sacred centers for Shia Muslims,Al-Najaf has a rich cultural and architectural heritage.Its architectural characteristics and urban structure not only reflect the history of the city but also stand as evidence of the most important junctures in Islamic history:the martyrdom of Imam AU ibn Abi Talib,who is a central Islamic spiritual personality and the second most important figure after the Prophet Muhammad.Since its estab-Ushment in 750 AD,the formation of Al-Najaf has never separated from its sociopolitical context and Islamic principles,particularly Shia Muslims'beliefs.Today,the city is a destination for more than million Shia Muslim pilgrims each year,and the number is rapidly increasing.However,as the city continues to develop,its architecture and unique urban structure transform dramatically.The cultural and architectural heritage of the city is seriously threatened.Several factors played a crucial role in the formation and the transformation of the city's specific architectural and urban structures.The most influential factors were mainly related to religion,environment,and politics.This paper introduces the main forces behind the transformation of the deep organizational structures of the architecture and urban fabric in Al-Najaf.The question of whether it is still possible to protect and preserve the remaining parts and revitalize the Old City center is also examined.The goal is to identify the major preservation issues and provide possible insights based on successful preservation experiences that address similar issues indifferent contexts.展开更多
Three nanocomplexes of Cu(II),Co(II),and Ni(II)with theophylline were synthesized by ultrasonic sonication method.This method was used to produce smaller and narrow-distributed nanoparticles without any aggregations.M...Three nanocomplexes of Cu(II),Co(II),and Ni(II)with theophylline were synthesized by ultrasonic sonication method.This method was used to produce smaller and narrow-distributed nanoparticles without any aggregations.Melting point,molar conductivity,solubility,flame atomic absorption,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and elemental analysis(C,H,N,and S)were used to identify and to suggest the structure of the synthesized nanocomplexes.The transmission electron microscopy(TEM)results exhibited that the size of nanocomplexes was in the range of 15-25 nm.The efficacy of the synthesized nanocomplexes was examined against four types of bacterial strains,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis(gram-positive bacteria),and Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia Coli(gram-negative bacteria).The results showed that all nanocomplexes had very high susceptibility to inhibit bacterial growth,as they resulted in an inhibition zone between 98%and 100%.The copper nanocomplex gave the highest inhibition zone by 100%for each type of bacterial strains,due to the surface plasmon.Therefore,a further test for the copper nanocomplex Cu(THP)2(H2O)2(Cl)2 was carried out on skin injuries of laboratory mice after it was converted into cream with vaseline and was found to have a very potent influence in healing skin injuries.展开更多
Background Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common childhood kidney cancer worldwide, yet its incidence and clinical behavior vary according to race and access to adequate healthcare resources. To guide and streamline the...Background Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common childhood kidney cancer worldwide, yet its incidence and clinical behavior vary according to race and access to adequate healthcare resources. To guide and streamline therapy in the war-torn and resource-constrained city of Baghdad, Iraq, we conducted a first-ever molecular analysis of 20 WT specimens to characterize the biological features of this lethal disease within this challenged population. Methods Next-generation sequencing of ten target genes associated with WT development and treatment resistance (WT1, CTNNB1, WTX, IGF2, CITED1, SIX2, p53, N-MYC, CRABP2, and TOP2A) was completed. Immunohistochemistry was performed for 6 marker proteins of WT (WT1, CTNNB1, NCAM, CITED1, SIX2, and p53). Patient outcomes were compiled. Results Mutations were detected in previously described WT 'hot spots' (e.g., WT1 and CTNNB1) as well as novel loci that may be unique to the Iraqi population. Immunohistochemistry showed expression domains most typical of blastemal-predominant WT. Remarkably, despite the challenges facing families and care providers, only one child, with combined WT1 and CTNNB1 mutations, was confirmed dead from disease. Median clinical follow-up was 40.5 months (range 6–78 months). Conclusions These data suggest that WT biology within a population of Iraqi children manifests features both similar to and unique from disease variants in other regions of the world. These observations will help to risk stratify WT patients living in this difficult environment to more or less intensive therapies and to focus treatment on cell-specific targets.展开更多
Three nanocomplexes of Zn(II),Mn(II),Fe(II)with theophylline were synthesized by ultrasonic sonication method.Melting point,molar conductivity,solubility,flame atomic absorption,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy...Three nanocomplexes of Zn(II),Mn(II),Fe(II)with theophylline were synthesized by ultrasonic sonication method.Melting point,molar conductivity,solubility,flame atomic absorption,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)spectroscopy and C/H/N elemental analyses were used to investigate and suggest the structure of the nanocomplexes.Size and morphology of the nanocomplexes were measurement by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),ranging from 6-22 nm.Efficacy of the nanocomplexes synthesized was examined against four types of bacterial strains:Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis(Gram-positive bacteria),Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli(Gram-negative bacteria).The results showed that all nanocomplexes had very high susceptibility to inhibit bacterial growth,as indicated by their inhibition zones between 98%and 100%.展开更多
Bacterial persistence is recognized as a major cause of antibiotic therapy failure,causing biofilms and chronic intractable infections.The emergence of persisters in K.pneumoniae isolates has become a worldwide public...Bacterial persistence is recognized as a major cause of antibiotic therapy failure,causing biofilms and chronic intractable infections.The emergence of persisters in K.pneumoniae isolates has become a worldwide public health concern.Despite this clinical threat,currently,there are no viable means for eradicating K.pneumoniae persisters.In this project,chromium oxide(Cr_(2)O_(3))nanoparticles were synthesized by the photochemical method.The morphology,topographic and physical properties of nano-synthesized were described by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV.vis)measurements.The obtained average size of Cr_(2)O_(3)-NPs was to be ranging from 11 to 30 nm.The activities of the Cr_(2)O_(3)-NPs for antibacterial and antibiofilm formation against persistent K.pneumoniae were assessed.The result showed a significant inhibitory effect of Cr_(2)O_(3)-NPs against K.pneumoniae.A,where the zones of inhibition were 12-18 mm,and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)was 625μg/mL.The concentration of Cr_(2)O_(3)-NPs of 10 mg/mL demonstrated the highest inhibition activity against biofilm formation(73.95±2.17%),indicating the lowest inhibition(19.08±1.32%)at a level of 0.625 mg/mL.Cr_(2)O_(3)-NPs therefore had a positive impact on biofilms that were produced by persistence isolates of K.pneumoniae.展开更多
Twelve ECC beams with three different fiber types,along with four normal concrete beams,were tested in this study to evaluate the influence of cross-sectional hollowing on their flexural performance.The fiber types us...Twelve ECC beams with three different fiber types,along with four normal concrete beams,were tested in this study to evaluate the influence of cross-sectional hollowing on their flexural performance.The fiber types used were nylon monofilament(NM),low-cost untreated polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),and polypropylene(PP).Three different square hole sizes of 60,80,and 100 mm with cross-sectional hollowing ratios of 0.16,0.28,and 0.44,respectively,were adopted for each group of beams in addition to a solid beam.All beams were tested under four-point loading using a displacement-controlled testing machine.The test results showed that ECC beams can mostly withstand higher cracking and ultimate loads compared to their corresponding normal concrete versions.The results also showed that both the ductility and toughness of the ECC beams are higher than those of the normal concrete beams and that the ductility values of the hollow beams with a hole size of 60 mm are higher than those of the corresponding solid beams.Moreover,hollow ECC beams with hole sizes of 60 and 80 mm exhibited a higher ductility than a solid normal concrete beam.展开更多
文摘In this paper,we present a novel approach to enhancing the visible light photodetection efficiency of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)by incorporating polypyrrole(Ppy)nanoparticles sized between 126 nm and 1025 nm.The rGO and Ppy nanoparticles were synthesized via Hummer’s method and chemical polymerization,respectively.Characterization was performed using scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),Raman spectroscopy,and optical measurements.The rGO/Ppy photodetector demonstrated a high photoresponsivity of 15 mA/W and a broad spectral response from 405 nm to 805 nm,indicating improved efficiency and versatility.This study high-lights the potential of tailored Ppy nanoparticle sizes in advancing rGO photodetectors for high-performance optoelectronic applications.
文摘Information about the average water consumption or evapotranspiration of crops is the basis for scheduling irrigation and the water requirements of plants,and choosing the appropriate crops for the region in light.This experiment was carried out to evaluate and calculate the ability of the CropWat program to estimate evapotranspiration rates,and plant consumptive water use for strategic crops in Iraq,including wheat and barley in Dhi Qar Governorate.The results of the study showed that the maximum root depth ranged between 1.20 m,and 1.10 m in the distance between the vegetative growth and flowering stages for wheat and barley crops,respectively.It was also noted that the crop evapotranspiration(ETc)values decreased at the beginning of the growing season,ranging from 0.79 mm day–1 to 1.57 mm day–1 for wheat and barley crops,respectively.Then,the values increased with the progress of the growing season and the increase of the vegetative mass of the plants,reaching 3.72 mm day–1 and 3.46 mm day–1 for wheat and barley crops,respectively.The reference evapotranspiration(ETo)values were also low in the first months of the year and were around 2.1 mm day–1 at the beginning,then gradually increased with the progress of the months of the year,reaching the maximum reference evapotranspiration values of 10.5 mm day–1 in the seventh month,and then the values decreased at the end of the season for wheat and barley crops.
文摘High-efficiency solar energy systems are characterized by their designs,which primarily rely on effective concentration and conversion methods of solar radiation.Evaluation of the performance enhancement of flat plate solar collectors by integration with thermal energy storage could be achieved through simulation of proposed designs.The work aims to analyze a new solar collector integrated with a porous medium and shell and coiled tube heat exchanger.The heat transfer enhancement was investigated by varying the geometrical parameters in shell and helically coiled tubes operating with CuFe_(2)O_(4)/water with different volume fractions of 0.02%,0.05%,and 0.1 vol.%.This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the performance of the flat plate solar collector integrated with a helical coil heat exchanger using nanofluids.The solar collector has a dimension of 180 cm×80 cm and works with close-loop systems operated by the thermo siphon method.Two types of helical coil heat exchangers,Coil-A and Coil-B have been investigated.The diameter of the glass porous media was investigated at 2,5,and 10 mm.The results manifested that the enhancement in the Nusselt number of the nanofluid reached maximum values of 15%,18%,and 22%for nanofluid ferrofluid with volume concentrations of 0.02%,0.05%,and 0.1%,respectively,for Coil-A.The maximum values of Nusselt number enhancement were 14%,17%,and 20%for ferrofluid concentrations of 0.02%,0.05%,and 0.1 vol.%,respectively,for Coil-B.The results also elucidated that the nanofluid mass flow and heat transfer rates could be noticeably compared to water.Where the increase is 5%,10%,and 20%for each concentration and diameter of the porous media,it specifies the enormous ranges of operational and geometrical parameters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A2034,62177047)High Caliber Foreign Experts Introduction Plan funded by MOST,and Central South University Research Programme of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies(No.2023QYJC020).
文摘Enhancing website security is crucial to combat malicious activities,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart)has become a key method to distinguish humans from bots.While text-based CAPTCHAs are designed to challenge machines while remaining human-readable,recent advances in deep learning have enabled models to recognize them with remarkable efficiency.In this regard,we propose a novel two-layer visual attention framework for CAPTCHA recognition that builds on traditional attention mechanisms by incorporating Guided Visual Attention(GVA),which sharpens focus on relevant visual features.We have specifically adapted the well-established image captioning task to address this need.Our approach utilizes the first-level attention module as guidance to the second-level attention component,incorporating two LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory)layers to enhance CAPTCHA recognition.Our extensive evaluation across four diverse datasets—Weibo,BoC(Bank of China),Gregwar,and Captcha 0.3—shows the adaptability and efficacy of our method.Our approach demonstrated impressive performance,achieving an accuracy of 96.70%for BoC and 95.92%for Webo.These results underscore the effectiveness of our method in accurately recognizing and processing CAPTCHA datasets,showcasing its robustness,reliability,and ability to handle varied challenges in CAPTCHA recognition.
文摘The implementation of Countermeasure Techniques(CTs)in the context of Network-On-Chip(NoC)based Multiprocessor System-On-Chip(MPSoC)routers against the Flooding Denial-of-Service Attack(F-DoSA)falls under Multi-Criteria Decision-Making(MCDM)due to the three main concerns,called:traffic variations,multiple evaluation criteria-based traffic features,and prioritization NoC routers as an alternative.In this study,we propose a comprehensive evaluation of various NoC traffic features to identify the most efficient routers under the F-DoSA scenarios.Consequently,an MCDM approach is essential to address these emerging challenges.While the recent MCDM approach has some issues,such as uncertainty,this study utilizes Fuzzy-Weighted Zero-Inconsistency(FWZIC)to estimate the criteria weight values and Fuzzy Decision by Opinion Score Method(FDOSM)for ranking the routers with fuzzy Single-valued Neutrosophic under names(SvN-FWZIC and SvN-FDOSM)to overcome the ambiguity.The results obtained by using the SvN-FWZIC method indicate that the Max packet count has the highest importance among the evaluated criteria,with a weighted score of 0.1946.In contrast,the Hop count is identified as the least significant criterion,with a weighted score of 0.1090.The remaining criteria fall within a range of intermediate importance,with enqueue time scoring 0.1845,packet count decremented and traversal index scoring 0.1262,packet count incremented scoring 0.1124,and packet count index scoring 0.1472.In terms of ranking,SvN-FDOSM has two approaches:individual and group.Both the individual and group ranking processes show that(Router 4)is the most effective router,while(Router 3)is the lowest router under F-DoSA.The sensitivity analysis provides a high stability in ranking among all 10 scenarios.This approach offers essential feedback in making proper decisions in the design of countermeasure techniques in the domain of NoC-based MPSoC.
文摘Objective The treatment of Wilms’tumor(WT)in children largely relies on a multidisciplinary strategy.In the absence of an appropriate multidisciplinary team,we reviewed the data of children with WT to determine their outcomes.The primary goal of the study was to highlight the role that a pediatric oncologist plays in the management of WT in low-and middle-income countries,taking into account the variety of initial treatments available,the lack of multidisciplinary care,and management strategies to overcome obstacles.Methods Retrospective recruitment was used to identify patients,aged 18 years or under,with WT diagnosis,in a major tertiary hospital in Iraq between January 2014 and December 2021.Initially,patients were treated with a pretreatment biopsy,preoperative chemotherapy,or upfront nephrectomy.Results In this study,54 patients were enrolled.The median age was 3.3 years.The numbers of patients with stages I and III are 24(44%)and 12(22%),respectively.Seven patients had pretreatment biopsies.In 23 patients,upfront nephrectomy was performed.The histology of only two patients was unfavorable.In 20 patients,intraoperative complications were not disclosed.The mean 3-year estimated event-free survival was 64%(standard deviation 6.6%)and the mean overall survival was 76%(standard deviation 6.8%).There was a significant statistical difference according to stages of disease(p<0.001).Compared with the extended study until December 2021,the overall survival of the previous study from January 2014 to December 2017 was only 40%.Conclusion Promising results for pediatric WT can be attained in low-and middle-income nations.Acquiring an evidence-based strategy tailored to a low-and middle-income country and a multidisciplinary approach may escalate the outcome.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A2034,62177047)High Caliber Foreign Experts Introduction Plan funded by MOST,and Central South University Research Programme of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies(No.2023QYJC020).
文摘Improving website security to prevent malicious online activities is crucial,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart)has emerged as a key strategy for distinguishing human users from automated bots.Text-based CAPTCHAs,designed to be easily decipherable by humans yet challenging for machines,are a common form of this verification.However,advancements in deep learning have facilitated the creation of models adept at recognizing these text-based CAPTCHAs with surprising efficiency.In our comprehensive investigation into CAPTCHA recognition,we have tailored the renowned UpDown image captioning model specifically for this purpose.Our approach innovatively combines an encoder to extract both global and local features,significantly boosting the model’s capability to identify complex details within CAPTCHA images.For the decoding phase,we have adopted a refined attention mechanism,integrating enhanced visual attention with dual layers of Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks to elevate CAPTCHA recognition accuracy.Our rigorous testing across four varied datasets,including those from Weibo,BoC,Gregwar,and Captcha 0.3,demonstrates the versatility and effectiveness of our method.The results not only highlight the efficiency of our approach but also offer profound insights into its applicability across different CAPTCHA types,contributing to a deeper understanding of CAPTCHA recognition technology.
文摘The rapid and increasing growth in the volume and number of cyber threats from malware is not a real danger;the real threat lies in the obfuscation of these cyberattacks,as they constantly change their behavior,making detection more difficult.Numerous researchers and developers have devoted considerable attention to this topic;however,the research field has not yet been fully saturated with high-quality studies that address these problems.For this reason,this paper presents a novel multi-objective Markov-enhanced adaptive whale optimization(MOMEAWO)cybersecurity model to improve the classification of binary and multi-class malware threats through the proposed MOMEAWO approach.The proposed MOMEAWO cybersecurity model aims to provide an innovative solution for analyzing,detecting,and classifying the behavior of obfuscated malware within their respective families.The proposed model includes three classification types:Binary classification and multi-class classification(e.g.,four families and 16 malware families).To evaluate the performance of this model,we used a recently published dataset called the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity Malware Memory Analysis(CIC-MalMem-2022)that contains balanced data.The results show near-perfect accuracy in binary classification and high accuracy in multi-class classification compared with related work using the same dataset.
文摘Spectral subtraction is used in this research as a method to remove noise from noisy speech signals in the frequency domain. This method consists of computing the spectrum of the noisy speech using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and subtracting the average magnitude of the noise spectrum from the noisy speech spectrum. We applied spectral subtraction to the speech signal “Real graph”. A digital audio recorder system embedded in a personal computer was used to sample the speech signal “Real graph” to which we digitally added vacuum cleaner noise. The noise removal algorithm was implemented using Matlab software by storing the noisy speech data into Hanning time-widowed half-overlapped data buffers, computing the corresponding spectrums using the FFT, removing the noise from the noisy speech, and reconstructing the speech back into the time domain using the inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT). The performance of the algorithm was evaluated by calculating the Speech to Noise Ratio (SNR). Frame averaging was introduced as an optional technique that could improve the SNR. Seventeen different configurations with various lengths of the Hanning time windows, various degrees of data buffers overlapping, and various numbers of frames to be averaged were investigated in view of improving the SNR. Results showed that using one-fourth overlapped data buffers with 128 points Hanning windows and no frames averaging leads to the best performance in removing noise from the noisy speech.
文摘In recent years,the focus of tropospheric studies has evolved to GNSS meteorology and weather fore-casting.The Zenith Wet Delay(ZWD),which might be assembled to the Integrated Water Vapour(IWV),is an essential component of the tropospheric delay.Acquiring predicted the ZWD with the required level of accuracy is crucial for weather forecasting.The scope of this study is to use the adaptive neural fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)to predict the ZWD for the following six-hour epoch based exclusively on the present the ZWD value.It was developed and verified using 505 geographically and internationally distributed stations which were used for training and testing from 2008 to 2019.It was assessed based on two criteria.First,the correlation coefficient(R)values were found to be more than 0.8 in 98%of the stations,including those with highest and lowest latitudes,and the remaining 2% of stations located in coastal areas.Second,the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)values of the differences between the pre-dicted and the actual ZWD were considered to be the more important finding of the study.That is,99.21% of the 505 stations had the RMSE values equal to or less than 3 cm,with only 4 stations having the RMSE values higher(0.2 mm)than 3 cm.Since the results of this study achieved the required degree of ac-curacy from the predicted ZWD to be utilized in weather forecasting,they may also be beneficial for GNSS meteorology.
文摘Timely detection of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) is very important so that eradication action can be taken on time. The larvae stage of this insect is the most dangerous stage as it is within the pulp of the fruit, making it hard to detect by visual inspection. In most countries at ports of entry the inspector check a small sample of fruit by visual inspection or by cutting the produce and searching for fungus and pests. This paper will investigate a quick, reliable and sensitive method to determine the presence of fruit flies. Our research focuses on developing the technology for detecting hidden infestations by using the Head Space-Soild Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) method coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrocopy (GC-MS) technique. Five different types of fruit were infested with an early stage of Medfly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephidae). We investigated to detect the differences in volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) between infested and non- infested fruits by using HS-SPME with (GC-MS). The results indicated that for few chemicals no significant differences between infested and non-infested fruit can be seen, especially in the fruits with first instar. However, in case of third instar larvae infested fruits significant differences in the chemicals can be seen as compare to non infested fruits and other instar infestations. These chemicals include ethyl (Z)-2 butenoate, 2-heptanone, anisole, β-cis-ocimene, 1,3,7-nonatriene,4,8-dimethy-,ethyl octyate, isoamyl caproate and 1β,4βh,10βh- guaia-5,11-diene, in apple. Ethyl (Z)-2-butenoate, (+)-2-bornanone, (-)-trans- isopiperitenol, methyl caprate, caryophyllene and farnesene in orange. Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-,2-methylbutul acetate, sabinene, β-myrcene, octanoic acid, methyl ester, dihydrocarvone, (-)-trans-isopiperitenol and ethyl laurate in mandarin. Butyl 2-methylbutanoate, terpinen-4-ol, P-menth-8-en-2-one, E-,(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene and dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester in lemon. Decane, 3-methyl-, p-menth-1,4(8)-diene, 1-undecene and α-cubebene in avocado. Thus, the VOC’s method could provide a possible tool for detecting tephritid larvae and this method could be adopted by industries importing and exporting fruit.
文摘This paper reviews several recently-developed techniques for the minimum-cost optimal design of water-retaining structures (WRSs), which integrate the effects of seepage. These include the incorporation of uncertainty in heterogeneous soil parameter estimates and quantification of reliability. This review is limited to methods based on coupled simulation-optimization (S-O) models. In this context, the design of WRSs is mainly affected by hydraulic design variables such as seepage quantities, which are difficult to determine from closed-form solutions or approximation theories. An S-O model is built by integrating numerical seepage modeling responses to an optimization algorithm based on efficient surrogate models. The surrogate models (meta-models) are trained on simulated data obtained from finite element numerical code solutions. The proposed methodology is applied using several machine learning techniques and optimization solvers to optimize the design of WRS by incorporating different design variables and boundary conditions. Additionally, the effects of several scenarios of flow domain hydraulic conductivity are integrated into the S-O model. Also, reliability based optimum design concepts are incorporated in the S-O model to quantify uncertainty in seepage quantities due to uncertainty in hydraulic conductivity estimates. We can conclude that the S-O model can efficiently optimize WRS designs. The ANN, SVM, and GPR machine learning technique-based surrogate models are efficiently and expeditiously incorporated into the S-O models to imitate the numerical responses of simulations of various problems.
基金This paper’s logical organisation and content quality have been enhanced,so the authors thank anonymous reviewers and journal editors for assistance.
文摘Forecasting river flow is crucial for optimal planning,management,and sustainability using freshwater resources.Many machine learning(ML)approaches have been enhanced to improve streamflow prediction.Hybrid techniques have been viewed as a viable method for enhancing the accuracy of univariate streamflow estimation when compared to standalone approaches.Current researchers have also emphasised using hybrid models to improve forecast accuracy.Accordingly,this paper conducts an updated literature review of applications of hybrid models in estimating streamflow over the last five years,summarising data preprocessing,univariate machine learning modelling strategy,advantages and disadvantages of standalone ML techniques,hybrid models,and performance metrics.This study focuses on two types of hybrid models:parameter optimisation-based hybrid models(OBH)and hybridisation of parameter optimisation-based and preprocessing-based hybridmodels(HOPH).Overall,this research supports the idea thatmeta-heuristic approaches precisely improveML techniques.It’s also one of the first efforts to comprehensively examine the efficiency of various meta-heuristic approaches(classified into four primary classes)hybridised with ML techniques.This study revealed that previous research applied swarm,evolutionary,physics,and hybrid metaheuristics with 77%,61%,12%,and 12%,respectively.Finally,there is still room for improving OBH and HOPH models by examining different data pre-processing techniques and metaheuristic algorithms.
文摘Lesser Zab is one of the most important tributaries of Tigris River. During the last few decades, the streamflow significantly decreased for long periods followed by extensive flood in short periods. This study aimed to quantify the impact of climate change on streamflow at Dokan Dam until year 2050 using SWAT model based on the scenario of medium emission (A1B) and five climate projection models. SWAT run using Climate Forecasting System Reanalysis (CFSR) was used as weather input data then calibrated and validated on monthly time step for the period from 1980 to 2013 with Nash-Sutcliff Efficiency (NSE) of 0.73 and determination coefficient (R2) 0.73 for calibration processes. The data of this period is more reliable. The result indicated to a significant decrease on the projected streamflow until year 2050 with average streamflow for the six climate models of 167 m3/sec in past compared with the observed streamflow of 176.5 m3/sec for the base period (1980-2013). In addition, the study shows that most runoffs come from Iranian part of the Dokan Dam Watershed with 65% of total simulated runoff. It is highly recommended to improve the efficiency of water using for current and future water projects to meet the expected water shortage.
文摘This paper focuses on the dramatic transformation of the inherited historical urban and architectural characteristics of the city of Al-Najafin Iraq,seeking new ways of seeing the possibilities of preserving and revitalizing the historical center of the city.In addition to being one of the most sacred centers for Shia Muslims,Al-Najaf has a rich cultural and architectural heritage.Its architectural characteristics and urban structure not only reflect the history of the city but also stand as evidence of the most important junctures in Islamic history:the martyrdom of Imam AU ibn Abi Talib,who is a central Islamic spiritual personality and the second most important figure after the Prophet Muhammad.Since its estab-Ushment in 750 AD,the formation of Al-Najaf has never separated from its sociopolitical context and Islamic principles,particularly Shia Muslims'beliefs.Today,the city is a destination for more than million Shia Muslim pilgrims each year,and the number is rapidly increasing.However,as the city continues to develop,its architecture and unique urban structure transform dramatically.The cultural and architectural heritage of the city is seriously threatened.Several factors played a crucial role in the formation and the transformation of the city's specific architectural and urban structures.The most influential factors were mainly related to religion,environment,and politics.This paper introduces the main forces behind the transformation of the deep organizational structures of the architecture and urban fabric in Al-Najaf.The question of whether it is still possible to protect and preserve the remaining parts and revitalize the Old City center is also examined.The goal is to identify the major preservation issues and provide possible insights based on successful preservation experiences that address similar issues indifferent contexts.
基金supported by Department of Chemistry,College of Science,Mustansiriyah University.
文摘Three nanocomplexes of Cu(II),Co(II),and Ni(II)with theophylline were synthesized by ultrasonic sonication method.This method was used to produce smaller and narrow-distributed nanoparticles without any aggregations.Melting point,molar conductivity,solubility,flame atomic absorption,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and elemental analysis(C,H,N,and S)were used to identify and to suggest the structure of the synthesized nanocomplexes.The transmission electron microscopy(TEM)results exhibited that the size of nanocomplexes was in the range of 15-25 nm.The efficacy of the synthesized nanocomplexes was examined against four types of bacterial strains,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis(gram-positive bacteria),and Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia Coli(gram-negative bacteria).The results showed that all nanocomplexes had very high susceptibility to inhibit bacterial growth,as they resulted in an inhibition zone between 98%and 100%.The copper nanocomplex gave the highest inhibition zone by 100%for each type of bacterial strains,due to the surface plasmon.Therefore,a further test for the copper nanocomplex Cu(THP)2(H2O)2(Cl)2 was carried out on skin injuries of laboratory mice after it was converted into cream with vaseline and was found to have a very potent influence in healing skin injuries.
文摘Background Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common childhood kidney cancer worldwide, yet its incidence and clinical behavior vary according to race and access to adequate healthcare resources. To guide and streamline therapy in the war-torn and resource-constrained city of Baghdad, Iraq, we conducted a first-ever molecular analysis of 20 WT specimens to characterize the biological features of this lethal disease within this challenged population. Methods Next-generation sequencing of ten target genes associated with WT development and treatment resistance (WT1, CTNNB1, WTX, IGF2, CITED1, SIX2, p53, N-MYC, CRABP2, and TOP2A) was completed. Immunohistochemistry was performed for 6 marker proteins of WT (WT1, CTNNB1, NCAM, CITED1, SIX2, and p53). Patient outcomes were compiled. Results Mutations were detected in previously described WT 'hot spots' (e.g., WT1 and CTNNB1) as well as novel loci that may be unique to the Iraqi population. Immunohistochemistry showed expression domains most typical of blastemal-predominant WT. Remarkably, despite the challenges facing families and care providers, only one child, with combined WT1 and CTNNB1 mutations, was confirmed dead from disease. Median clinical follow-up was 40.5 months (range 6–78 months). Conclusions These data suggest that WT biology within a population of Iraqi children manifests features both similar to and unique from disease variants in other regions of the world. These observations will help to risk stratify WT patients living in this difficult environment to more or less intensive therapies and to focus treatment on cell-specific targets.
基金supported by Department of Chemistry,College of Science,Mustansiriyah University.
文摘Three nanocomplexes of Zn(II),Mn(II),Fe(II)with theophylline were synthesized by ultrasonic sonication method.Melting point,molar conductivity,solubility,flame atomic absorption,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)spectroscopy and C/H/N elemental analyses were used to investigate and suggest the structure of the nanocomplexes.Size and morphology of the nanocomplexes were measurement by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),ranging from 6-22 nm.Efficacy of the nanocomplexes synthesized was examined against four types of bacterial strains:Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis(Gram-positive bacteria),Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli(Gram-negative bacteria).The results showed that all nanocomplexes had very high susceptibility to inhibit bacterial growth,as indicated by their inhibition zones between 98%and 100%.
文摘Bacterial persistence is recognized as a major cause of antibiotic therapy failure,causing biofilms and chronic intractable infections.The emergence of persisters in K.pneumoniae isolates has become a worldwide public health concern.Despite this clinical threat,currently,there are no viable means for eradicating K.pneumoniae persisters.In this project,chromium oxide(Cr_(2)O_(3))nanoparticles were synthesized by the photochemical method.The morphology,topographic and physical properties of nano-synthesized were described by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV.vis)measurements.The obtained average size of Cr_(2)O_(3)-NPs was to be ranging from 11 to 30 nm.The activities of the Cr_(2)O_(3)-NPs for antibacterial and antibiofilm formation against persistent K.pneumoniae were assessed.The result showed a significant inhibitory effect of Cr_(2)O_(3)-NPs against K.pneumoniae.A,where the zones of inhibition were 12-18 mm,and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)was 625μg/mL.The concentration of Cr_(2)O_(3)-NPs of 10 mg/mL demonstrated the highest inhibition activity against biofilm formation(73.95±2.17%),indicating the lowest inhibition(19.08±1.32%)at a level of 0.625 mg/mL.Cr_(2)O_(3)-NPs therefore had a positive impact on biofilms that were produced by persistence isolates of K.pneumoniae.
基金This experimental study was conducted in the structural laboratory in the civil engineering department of Gaziantep University,Turkey.The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Department of Civil Engineering at Gaziantep University and the staff of the structural laboratory for their support.
文摘Twelve ECC beams with three different fiber types,along with four normal concrete beams,were tested in this study to evaluate the influence of cross-sectional hollowing on their flexural performance.The fiber types used were nylon monofilament(NM),low-cost untreated polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),and polypropylene(PP).Three different square hole sizes of 60,80,and 100 mm with cross-sectional hollowing ratios of 0.16,0.28,and 0.44,respectively,were adopted for each group of beams in addition to a solid beam.All beams were tested under four-point loading using a displacement-controlled testing machine.The test results showed that ECC beams can mostly withstand higher cracking and ultimate loads compared to their corresponding normal concrete versions.The results also showed that both the ductility and toughness of the ECC beams are higher than those of the normal concrete beams and that the ductility values of the hollow beams with a hole size of 60 mm are higher than those of the corresponding solid beams.Moreover,hollow ECC beams with hole sizes of 60 and 80 mm exhibited a higher ductility than a solid normal concrete beam.
