Simultaneously improving Fusarium head blight(FHB)resistance and grain yield is challenging in wheat breeding.The correlations between spikelet compactness(SC),grain number per spike(GNS),thousandgrain weight(TGW)and ...Simultaneously improving Fusarium head blight(FHB)resistance and grain yield is challenging in wheat breeding.The correlations between spikelet compactness(SC),grain number per spike(GNS),thousandgrain weight(TGW)and FHB resistance remains unclear in common wheat.Identification of major quantitative trait loci(QTL)conferring FHB resistance and yield components,and development of breeder-friendly markers for the QTL are prerequisites for marker-assisted selection(MAS).Here,a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from a cross between a resistant cultivar Yangmai 12(YM12)and a susceptible cultivar Yanzhan 1(YZ1)was used to map QTL for FHB resistance and yield components.A total of 22 QTL were identified;among these,six are likely to be new for corresponding traits.A QTL cluster(Qclu.yas-2D)for FHB type II resistance,SC,GNS,and TGW was detected on chromosome 2D.Breeder-friendly kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers flanking the interval of Qclu.yas-2D were developed and validated in a diverse panel of 166 wheat cultivars and advanced lines.The YM12 alleles of Qclu.yas-2D significantly increased FHB resistance,SC,and GNS but decreased TGW in the validation population.The KASP markers developed for Qclu.yas-2D have great potential for breeding high-yielding wheat cultivars with enhanced FHB resistance.展开更多
Fusarium ear rot(FER)caused by Fusarium species severely reduces grain yield and quality of maize.Genome prediction(GP),a promising tool for quantitative trait breeding in plants and animals,uses molecular markers for...Fusarium ear rot(FER)caused by Fusarium species severely reduces grain yield and quality of maize.Genome prediction(GP),a promising tool for quantitative trait breeding in plants and animals,uses molecular markers for capturing quantitative trait loci and predicting the genetic value of candidates for selection.In the present study,different subsets of markers and statistical methods for GP accuracy were tested in diverse inbred populations for FER resistance using a five-fold cross-validation approach.The prediction accuracy increased with an increase in the number of random markers;however,an increase in number beyond 10K did not increase the prediction accuracy.The prediction accuracy of selected markers was higher than that of random markers,and 500–1000 selected markers had the highest prediction accuracy,beyond which it slowly decreased.Although there was no difference among statistical methods when using selected markers at high prediction accuracy,significant differences were observed when using random markers.On this basis,a liquid chip named FER0.4K(liquid chip for genomic prediction of FER)containing 381 SNPs was developed for low-cost,high-throughput genotyping,with a prediction of approximately 0.82.The statistical method of genome prediction was compiled into a web-based,easy-to-use statistical analysis software using the‘‘shiny”package in R.In summary,this study provides a foundation for FER resistance breeding in maize and offers new insights into the genetic improvement of other complex quantitative traits in plants.展开更多
AIM： To explore the effect of Echinococcusmultilocularis on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways and on livercell proliferation.METHODS： Changes in the phosphorylation of MA...AIM： To explore the effect of Echinococcusmultilocularis on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways and on livercell proliferation.METHODS： Changes in the phosphorylation of MAPKs and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）expression were measured in the liver of patients withalveolar echinococcosis （AE）. MAPKs, MEK1/2 [MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase （ERK）kinase] and ribosomal S6 kinase （RSK） phosphorylationwere detected in primary cultures of rat hepatocytesin contact in vitro with （1） E. multilocu/aris vesicle fluid（EmF）, （2）E. multilocularis-conditioned medium （EmCM）.RESULTS： In the liver of AE patients, ERK 1/2 andp38 MAPK were activated and PCNA expression wasincreased, especially in the vicinity of the metacestode.Upon exposure to EmF, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase（JNK） and ERK1/2 were also activated in hepatocytesin vitro, as well as MEK1/2 and RSK, in the absenceof any toxic effect. Upon exposure to EmCM, only JNKwas up-regulated.CONCLUSION： Previous studies have demonstratedan influence of the host on the MAPK cascade inE. multilocularis. Our data suggest that the reverse,i.e. parasite-derived signals efficiently acting onMAPK signaling pathways in host liver ceils, is actuallyoperating.展开更多
Purpose: To describe the strategy used for large-scale ophthalmological monitoring in the clinical development of the novel anticancer agent gefitinib (“ Iressa” , ZD1839), an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosi...Purpose: To describe the strategy used for large-scale ophthalmological monitoring in the clinical development of the novel anticancer agent gefitinib (“ Iressa” , ZD1839), an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which had demonstrated ocular effects in preclinical animal models. Methods: In this extensive clinical trial programme, patients in Phase I and II trials underwent frequent and intensive ophthalmological monitoring at baseline and during the trials. Data were reviewed by an external independent Ophthalmology Advisory Board. Results: Ophthalmological data for 221 patients in Phase I trials of gefitinib and 425 patients in Phase II trials revealed no evidence of any consistent or drug-related ophthalmological toxicity. Interestingly, the baseline data revealed that, in an asymptomatic population, transient ophthalmological events are identified during monitoring. Conclusions: This study reports the methodology and normative data in an ophthalmological screening programme that should prove useful for future studies.展开更多
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with increased psychological symptoms, early life stressors, and alterations in visceral perception and brain responses to noxious visceral stimuli. The autonom...Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with increased psychological symptoms, early life stressors, and alterations in visceral perception and brain responses to noxious visceral stimuli. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a likely mediator for these brain-gut interactions. The few studies directly examining ANS measures have been suggestive of alterations in some IBS patients, but no studies to date have examined the potentially critical variables of sex differences or response to visceral stimulation. Aims: (1) To test differences in ANS function during rest and during a visceral Stressor (rectosigmoid balloon distension) between IBS patients and healthy control subjects. (2) To examin e the role of sex on the autonomic responses of IBS patients. Methods: Baseline autonomic measures were evaluated from 130 Rome I positive IBS patients and 55 h ealthy control subjects. Data were also collected from a subset of 46 IBS patien ts and 16 healthy control subjects during a sigmoid balloon distension study. He art rate variability measures of peak power ratio (PPR) and peak power high freq uency (PPHF) were analysed to assess sympathetic balance and parasympathetic res ponse, respectively. Peripheral sympathetic response was measured by skin conduc tance. Results: IBS patients showed a greater skin conductance response to visce ral distension than controls. IBS patients had higher PPR and lower PPHF across conditions. Male IBS patients had higher skin conductance and PPR than females a nd lower PPHF. Conclusions: IBS patients have altered autonomic responsiveness t o a visceral stressor, with increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity. These differences are predominantly seen in males.展开更多
Thirty-six cases originally diagnosed histologically as malignant lymphoma (ML) or anaplastic carcinoma were reexamined immunohistochemically by leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). 5/...Thirty-six cases originally diagnosed histologically as malignant lymphoma (ML) or anaplastic carcinoma were reexamined immunohistochemically by leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). 5/18 cases originally diagnosed as ' anaplastic carcinoma'' and 'anaplastic carcinoma? (ML to be excluded)' , showed positive staining for LCA and negative for EMA; whereas 3 cases originally diagnosed as malignancy unclassified turned out to be ML, with the relevant assay performed.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the long-term visual results after cataract extract ion in patients with uveitis, and to demonstrate the long-term viability of int raocular lenses. Design: In all, 61 patients (72 eyes), wit...Objective: To investigate the long-term visual results after cataract extract ion in patients with uveitis, and to demonstrate the long-term viability of int raocular lenses. Design: In all, 61 patients (72 eyes), with update clinical exa mination, were retrospectively evaluated. Comparison of preoperative, postoperat ive, and latest visual function including best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, progression of uveitis and its complications, need for postoperative medical or surgical interventions. Results: After a minimum follow-up of 5 years (mean 7 years 7 months), 82%of eyes maintained a visual improvement of two Snellen line s, 74%maintained 6/9 or better, and 14%had 6/18 or worse. The mode acuity was better than 6/6. The prevalence of macular oedema or scarring was 24%, of poste rior capsule opacification 96%, and of glaucoma drainage, 15%. Conclusions: We report the long-term follow-up of cataract extraction and intraocular lens (I OL) implantation performed by a single surgeon on patients with uveitis attendin g a regional tertiary referral uveitis clinic. Using stringent perioperative and postoperative control of inflammation, patients with uveitis usually maintain h igh visual acuity over long-term follow-up. The incidence of sight-threatenin g postoperative complications is low and no ongoing complication has been attrib uted to IOL implantation.展开更多
Purpose: To revisit an important but outmoded periorbital reconstructive technique. We present cases to illustrate the usefulness of the Fricke flap and describe a method of rapid intraoperative tissue expansion (RITE...Purpose: To revisit an important but outmoded periorbital reconstructive technique. We present cases to illustrate the usefulness of the Fricke flap and describe a method of rapid intraoperative tissue expansion (RITE), which can enhance the applicability and effectiveness of the Fricke flap. A comparison between those cases performedwith andwithout adjunctive RITE was not made due to the low numbers available. Methods: A retrospective review of clinical cases. Results: A total of 20 cases in which the Fricke flap was used for periorbital reconstruction were reviewed. The mean patient age was 64.7 years; the male-to-female ratio was 1:1. The patient follow-up ranged from 1 to 8 years with a mean of 4.2 years. The most common cause (65% ) of periorbital defect was excision of eyelid malignancy. Necrosis of the terminal segment of the flap requiring further surgical intervention occurred in 10% (2/20). In both of these cases, the surgeons were trainees, with the complications being due to poor surgical technique. In the first case, the flap base was too narrow and in the second case, the distal end of the flap was thinned excessively. The functional result was excellent in 10/20 (50% ), good in 5/20 (25% ), fair in 3/20 (15% ), and poor in 2/20 (10% ). The cosmetic result was excellent in 3/20 (15% ), good in 12/20 (60% ), fair in 3/20 (15% ), and poor in 2/20 (10% ). Conclusion: The Fricke flap is an important and, in selected cases, an indispensable technique in periorbital reconstruction.展开更多
Aims:The mucopolysaccharidoses(MPS)are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterised by accumulation of glycosaminoglycans within multiple organ systems.This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severit...Aims:The mucopolysaccharidoses(MPS)are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterised by accumulation of glycosaminoglycans within multiple organ systems.This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of ocular complications in patients with MPS.Methods:Clinical ophthalmic features and electrodiagnostic results of 50 patients with a diagnosis of MPS were retrospectively reviewed.Results:A total of 79% of MPS IH patients had a visual acuity of less than 6/12 equivalent in their better eye,compared to 44% of MPS IH/S and 25% of MPS VI patients.In total,16% of MPS IH and 25% of MPS IH/S had severe corneal opacification,compared to 38% of MPS VI patients.16% of MPS IH patients had optic atrophy;21% of MPS VI patients had mild disc swelling,29% had markedly swollen discs,and 14% had optic atrophy.One patient with MPS IH,one with MPS IH/S and six with MPS VI had ocular hypertension.One MPS VI patient had glaucoma that required topical therapy.Nine patients with MPS IH had electrodiagnostic evidence of retinopathy,as did one MPS VI patient.Conclusions:Ocular complications causing significant reduction in vision are common in MPS.The majority of MPS I and MPS VI patients have corneal opacification,which can lead to difficulties in diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma,optic disc changes,and retinopathy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901544,32071999)the National Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu(BE2021335)+2 种基金the Core Provenance Project in Jiangsu(JBGS[2021]047)the Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund in Jiangsu(CX(20)3009)the Scientific Research Special Fund of Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences(SJ(21)101).
文摘Simultaneously improving Fusarium head blight(FHB)resistance and grain yield is challenging in wheat breeding.The correlations between spikelet compactness(SC),grain number per spike(GNS),thousandgrain weight(TGW)and FHB resistance remains unclear in common wheat.Identification of major quantitative trait loci(QTL)conferring FHB resistance and yield components,and development of breeder-friendly markers for the QTL are prerequisites for marker-assisted selection(MAS).Here,a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from a cross between a resistant cultivar Yangmai 12(YM12)and a susceptible cultivar Yanzhan 1(YZ1)was used to map QTL for FHB resistance and yield components.A total of 22 QTL were identified;among these,six are likely to be new for corresponding traits.A QTL cluster(Qclu.yas-2D)for FHB type II resistance,SC,GNS,and TGW was detected on chromosome 2D.Breeder-friendly kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers flanking the interval of Qclu.yas-2D were developed and validated in a diverse panel of 166 wheat cultivars and advanced lines.The YM12 alleles of Qclu.yas-2D significantly increased FHB resistance,SC,and GNS but decreased TGW in the validation population.The KASP markers developed for Qclu.yas-2D have great potential for breeding high-yielding wheat cultivars with enhanced FHB resistance.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Henan(212300410046)the Henan Innovative Talent Project(22HASTIT040)Key Project for Research and Practice on Higher Education Teaching Reform at Henan Agricultural University(2024XJGLX031)。
文摘Fusarium ear rot(FER)caused by Fusarium species severely reduces grain yield and quality of maize.Genome prediction(GP),a promising tool for quantitative trait breeding in plants and animals,uses molecular markers for capturing quantitative trait loci and predicting the genetic value of candidates for selection.In the present study,different subsets of markers and statistical methods for GP accuracy were tested in diverse inbred populations for FER resistance using a five-fold cross-validation approach.The prediction accuracy increased with an increase in the number of random markers;however,an increase in number beyond 10K did not increase the prediction accuracy.The prediction accuracy of selected markers was higher than that of random markers,and 500–1000 selected markers had the highest prediction accuracy,beyond which it slowly decreased.Although there was no difference among statistical methods when using selected markers at high prediction accuracy,significant differences were observed when using random markers.On this basis,a liquid chip named FER0.4K(liquid chip for genomic prediction of FER)containing 381 SNPs was developed for low-cost,high-throughput genotyping,with a prediction of approximately 0.82.The statistical method of genome prediction was compiled into a web-based,easy-to-use statistical analysis software using the‘‘shiny”package in R.In summary,this study provides a foundation for FER resistance breeding in maize and offers new insights into the genetic improvement of other complex quantitative traits in plants.
基金Supported by A PhD grant from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (French Embassy in Beijing) to Ren-Yong Linby a project grant from the "Foundation Transplantation" (2005-2006)+1 种基金by a grant from NSFC, No. 30860253 and 30760239by the Xinjiang Key-Lab project grants on Echinococcosis, No. XJDX0202-2005-01 and XJDX0202-2007-04
文摘AIM： To explore the effect of Echinococcusmultilocularis on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways and on livercell proliferation.METHODS： Changes in the phosphorylation of MAPKs and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）expression were measured in the liver of patients withalveolar echinococcosis （AE）. MAPKs, MEK1/2 [MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase （ERK）kinase] and ribosomal S6 kinase （RSK） phosphorylationwere detected in primary cultures of rat hepatocytesin contact in vitro with （1） E. multilocu/aris vesicle fluid（EmF）, （2）E. multilocularis-conditioned medium （EmCM）.RESULTS： In the liver of AE patients, ERK 1/2 andp38 MAPK were activated and PCNA expression wasincreased, especially in the vicinity of the metacestode.Upon exposure to EmF, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase（JNK） and ERK1/2 were also activated in hepatocytesin vitro, as well as MEK1/2 and RSK, in the absenceof any toxic effect. Upon exposure to EmCM, only JNKwas up-regulated.CONCLUSION： Previous studies have demonstratedan influence of the host on the MAPK cascade inE. multilocularis. Our data suggest that the reverse,i.e. parasite-derived signals efficiently acting onMAPK signaling pathways in host liver ceils, is actuallyoperating.
文摘Purpose: To describe the strategy used for large-scale ophthalmological monitoring in the clinical development of the novel anticancer agent gefitinib (“ Iressa” , ZD1839), an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which had demonstrated ocular effects in preclinical animal models. Methods: In this extensive clinical trial programme, patients in Phase I and II trials underwent frequent and intensive ophthalmological monitoring at baseline and during the trials. Data were reviewed by an external independent Ophthalmology Advisory Board. Results: Ophthalmological data for 221 patients in Phase I trials of gefitinib and 425 patients in Phase II trials revealed no evidence of any consistent or drug-related ophthalmological toxicity. Interestingly, the baseline data revealed that, in an asymptomatic population, transient ophthalmological events are identified during monitoring. Conclusions: This study reports the methodology and normative data in an ophthalmological screening programme that should prove useful for future studies.
文摘Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with increased psychological symptoms, early life stressors, and alterations in visceral perception and brain responses to noxious visceral stimuli. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a likely mediator for these brain-gut interactions. The few studies directly examining ANS measures have been suggestive of alterations in some IBS patients, but no studies to date have examined the potentially critical variables of sex differences or response to visceral stimulation. Aims: (1) To test differences in ANS function during rest and during a visceral Stressor (rectosigmoid balloon distension) between IBS patients and healthy control subjects. (2) To examin e the role of sex on the autonomic responses of IBS patients. Methods: Baseline autonomic measures were evaluated from 130 Rome I positive IBS patients and 55 h ealthy control subjects. Data were also collected from a subset of 46 IBS patien ts and 16 healthy control subjects during a sigmoid balloon distension study. He art rate variability measures of peak power ratio (PPR) and peak power high freq uency (PPHF) were analysed to assess sympathetic balance and parasympathetic res ponse, respectively. Peripheral sympathetic response was measured by skin conduc tance. Results: IBS patients showed a greater skin conductance response to visce ral distension than controls. IBS patients had higher PPR and lower PPHF across conditions. Male IBS patients had higher skin conductance and PPR than females a nd lower PPHF. Conclusions: IBS patients have altered autonomic responsiveness t o a visceral stressor, with increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity. These differences are predominantly seen in males.
文摘Thirty-six cases originally diagnosed histologically as malignant lymphoma (ML) or anaplastic carcinoma were reexamined immunohistochemically by leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). 5/18 cases originally diagnosed as ' anaplastic carcinoma'' and 'anaplastic carcinoma? (ML to be excluded)' , showed positive staining for LCA and negative for EMA; whereas 3 cases originally diagnosed as malignancy unclassified turned out to be ML, with the relevant assay performed.
文摘Objective: To investigate the long-term visual results after cataract extract ion in patients with uveitis, and to demonstrate the long-term viability of int raocular lenses. Design: In all, 61 patients (72 eyes), with update clinical exa mination, were retrospectively evaluated. Comparison of preoperative, postoperat ive, and latest visual function including best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, progression of uveitis and its complications, need for postoperative medical or surgical interventions. Results: After a minimum follow-up of 5 years (mean 7 years 7 months), 82%of eyes maintained a visual improvement of two Snellen line s, 74%maintained 6/9 or better, and 14%had 6/18 or worse. The mode acuity was better than 6/6. The prevalence of macular oedema or scarring was 24%, of poste rior capsule opacification 96%, and of glaucoma drainage, 15%. Conclusions: We report the long-term follow-up of cataract extraction and intraocular lens (I OL) implantation performed by a single surgeon on patients with uveitis attendin g a regional tertiary referral uveitis clinic. Using stringent perioperative and postoperative control of inflammation, patients with uveitis usually maintain h igh visual acuity over long-term follow-up. The incidence of sight-threatenin g postoperative complications is low and no ongoing complication has been attrib uted to IOL implantation.
文摘Purpose: To revisit an important but outmoded periorbital reconstructive technique. We present cases to illustrate the usefulness of the Fricke flap and describe a method of rapid intraoperative tissue expansion (RITE), which can enhance the applicability and effectiveness of the Fricke flap. A comparison between those cases performedwith andwithout adjunctive RITE was not made due to the low numbers available. Methods: A retrospective review of clinical cases. Results: A total of 20 cases in which the Fricke flap was used for periorbital reconstruction were reviewed. The mean patient age was 64.7 years; the male-to-female ratio was 1:1. The patient follow-up ranged from 1 to 8 years with a mean of 4.2 years. The most common cause (65% ) of periorbital defect was excision of eyelid malignancy. Necrosis of the terminal segment of the flap requiring further surgical intervention occurred in 10% (2/20). In both of these cases, the surgeons were trainees, with the complications being due to poor surgical technique. In the first case, the flap base was too narrow and in the second case, the distal end of the flap was thinned excessively. The functional result was excellent in 10/20 (50% ), good in 5/20 (25% ), fair in 3/20 (15% ), and poor in 2/20 (10% ). The cosmetic result was excellent in 3/20 (15% ), good in 12/20 (60% ), fair in 3/20 (15% ), and poor in 2/20 (10% ). Conclusion: The Fricke flap is an important and, in selected cases, an indispensable technique in periorbital reconstruction.
文摘Aims:The mucopolysaccharidoses(MPS)are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterised by accumulation of glycosaminoglycans within multiple organ systems.This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of ocular complications in patients with MPS.Methods:Clinical ophthalmic features and electrodiagnostic results of 50 patients with a diagnosis of MPS were retrospectively reviewed.Results:A total of 79% of MPS IH patients had a visual acuity of less than 6/12 equivalent in their better eye,compared to 44% of MPS IH/S and 25% of MPS VI patients.In total,16% of MPS IH and 25% of MPS IH/S had severe corneal opacification,compared to 38% of MPS VI patients.16% of MPS IH patients had optic atrophy;21% of MPS VI patients had mild disc swelling,29% had markedly swollen discs,and 14% had optic atrophy.One patient with MPS IH,one with MPS IH/S and six with MPS VI had ocular hypertension.One MPS VI patient had glaucoma that required topical therapy.Nine patients with MPS IH had electrodiagnostic evidence of retinopathy,as did one MPS VI patient.Conclusions:Ocular complications causing significant reduction in vision are common in MPS.The majority of MPS I and MPS VI patients have corneal opacification,which can lead to difficulties in diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma,optic disc changes,and retinopathy.
