Tracheal collapse(TC),defined by excessive tracheal collapsibility,often results in severe respiratory distress in small-breed dogs.Surgical intervention,including the placement of extraluminal stents,has been employe...Tracheal collapse(TC),defined by excessive tracheal collapsibility,often results in severe respiratory distress in small-breed dogs.Surgical intervention,including the placement of extraluminal stents,has been employed as a treatment option.Owing to the anatomical and physiological similarities between rabbit and canine tracheas,a rabbit model was utilized to develop a novel extraluminal silicone tracheal stent and evaluate its feasibility in treating tracheomalacia.The stent was surgically implanted in eight New Zealand White rabbits after the induction of tracheomalacia.Postoperative evaluations,including clinical assessment,radiography,computed tomography(CT),and histological analysis,were performed at 1,2,and 6 months post-implantation.All rabbits in the stent group survived without exhibiting signs of respiratory distress,whereas all rabbits in the tracheomalacia group experienced respiratory distress,with one succumbing to respiratory failure.Radiographic and CT evaluations confirmed that the stent effectively maintained airway patency,with tracheal measurements not significantly different from the preoperative values,indicating successful restora-tion of tracheal diameter.Histological analysis demonstrated minimal inflammatory response,the absence of fibrosis,and preserved structural integrity of the tracheal cartilage.Therefore,the novel extraluminal silicone tracheal stent provides effective airway support while minimizing adverse tissue reactions.Further studies,including the use of this stent in a canine TC model and assessment of its long-term outcomes,are warranted to explore its potential clinical applications in veterinary medicine.展开更多
Permanent implants are going to be replaced by the implementation of biodegradable magnesium-based implants in fixation of internal bone fractures because of many concerns associated with conventional implants.However...Permanent implants are going to be replaced by the implementation of biodegradable magnesium-based implants in fixation of internal bone fractures because of many concerns associated with conventional implants.However,biodegradable magnesium-based biomaterials exhibit higher biodegradation rate and low mechanical properties which are the main challenges.This work aims to almost overcome both disadvantageous by grain refining of a WE43 magnesium alloy containing 93.04 wt% Mg,4.12 wt% Y,2.15 wt% Nd,0.43 wt% Zr,and 0.26 wt%La.In this study,the consequences of combined severe plastic deformation(SPD) on the mechanical properties,microstructure,and in vivo degradation behavior of WE43 magnesium alloy were investigated.To do so,WE43 magnesium alloy was chosen and processed through multipass equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) at 330℃ for up to four passes followed by an extrusion process.The results showed that higher strength and hardness with minimum ductility less was obtained in the sample processed via two-pass ECAP followed by extrusion.In vivo biodegradation experiments showed higher degradation rate for the unprocessed coarse-grained(CG) WE43 sample.The two-pass ECAP and extruded sample with ultrafine-grained(UFG) structure exhibited the lowest in vivo biodegradation rate besides appropriate mechanical properties.It may be concluded that the WE43 magnesium alloy processed via two-pass ECAP and extrusion could be a very promising candidate for biodegradable implants from both mechanical and biocorrosion viewpoints.展开更多
Bones are organs of the skeletal system, providing shape, mechanical support, and protection to the body and facilitating the movement. In addition, bones contribute to the mineral homeostasis of the body and have rec...Bones are organs of the skeletal system, providing shape, mechanical support, and protection to the body and facilitating the movement. In addition, bones contribute to the mineral homeostasis of the body and have recently been found to participate in endocrine regulation of energy metabolism. The well-known limitations associated with clinical use of autografts and allografts continue to drive efforts to develop bone graft substitutes, using the principles of biomaterials and tissue engineering. Under some stressful and continuous compressive conditions, the ability of the bone tissue to tolerate strength decreases. Whenever these forces overcome the toleration of the bone tissue, bone fracture occurs. years展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the influence of different intraocular lens(IOL) designs made of PMMA on posterior capsular opacification(PCO) and compare with foldable designs.· METHODS: Phacoemulsification and IOL implantatio...AIM: To evaluate the influence of different intraocular lens(IOL) designs made of PMMA on posterior capsular opacification(PCO) and compare with foldable designs.· METHODS: Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was done in one eye of 24 New Zealand White rabbits, with IOL of two different designs (Square edged or round edge) and two different materials(PMMA or HEMA). After three months, the animals were sacrificed and enucleated. Evaluation of PCO included posterior view, migration of anterior capsular epithelial cells to the posterior capsule following epithelial-mesenchymal transition were assessed by staining the histological sections of posterior capsule by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Periodic acid- Schiff (PAS). The IOLs were extracted and stained with HE to evaluate the presence of adherent cells on the lens surface. · RESULTS: PCO was highest with round edged rigid lens. There was no significant difference in the PCO between the square edged PMMA and square edged foldable lens.· CONCLUSION: It is the design of the IOL not the material that offers protection on PCO formation.展开更多
Animal models are live subjects applied to translational research.They provide insights into human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge.Livestock development has favored the pace of human social development over ...Animal models are live subjects applied to translational research.They provide insights into human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge.Livestock development has favored the pace of human social development over millennia.Today's society is more aware of animal welfare than past generations.The general public has marked objections to animal research and many species are falling into disuse.The search for an ideal methodology to replace animal use is on,but animal modeling still holds great importance to human health.Bone research,in particular,has unmet requirements that in vitro technologies cannot fully address.Standardizing novel models remains necessary and rabbits are gaining in popularity as potential bone models.Our aim here is to provide a broad overview of animal modeling and its ethical implications,followed by a narrower focus on bone research and the role rabbits are playing in the current scenario.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the inhibitory effects of deferasirox(DFX) against hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) through basic and clinical studies.METHODS In the basic study, the effect of DFX was investigated in three hepatoma cell...AIM To evaluate the inhibitory effects of deferasirox(DFX) against hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) through basic and clinical studies.METHODS In the basic study, the effect of DFX was investigated in three hepatoma cell lines(Hep G2, Hep3 B, and Huh7), as well as in an N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced murine HCC model. In the clinical study, six advanced HCC patients refractory to chemotherapy were enrolled. The initial dose of DFX was 10 mg/kg per day and was increased by 10 mg/kg per day every week, until the maximum dose of 30 mg/kg per day. The duration of a single course of DFX therapy was 28 consecutive days. In the event of dose-limiting toxicity(according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.4.0), DFX dose was reduced.RESULTS Administration of DFX inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cell lines and induced the activation of caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In the murine model, DFX treatment significantly suppressed the development of liver tumors(P < 0.01), and significantly upregulated the mR NA expression levels of hepcidin(P < 0.05), transferrin receptor 1(P < 0.05), and hypoxia inducible factor-1α(P < 0.05) in both tumor and non-tumor tissues, compared with control mice. In the clinical study, anorexia and elevated serum creatinine were observed in four and all six patients, respectively. However, reduction in DFX dose led to decrease in serum creatinine levels in all patients. After the first course of DFX, one patient discontinued the therapy. We assessed the tumor response in the remaining five patients; one patient exhibited stable disease, while four patients exhibited progressive disease. The one-year survival rate of the six patients was 17%.CONCLUSION We demonstrated that DFX inhibited HCC in the basic study, but not in the clinical study due to dose-limiting toxicities.展开更多
A 35-year-old Indian parrot (Psittacula krameri manillensis) was presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences with a history of blepharospasm...A 35-year-old Indian parrot (Psittacula krameri manillensis) was presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences with a history of blepharospasm and corneal lesion OS. Test with fluorescein dye was negative. The dense corneal opacity (macula) was identified as involving the posterior corneal layer. The further ophthalmic examination was done and hypermature phacolytic cataract was diagnosed. No other abnormality was detected. Medical management with topical nepafenac prednisolone and triple antibiotic was instituted. The corneal lesion subsided completely within one week followed by spontaneous resorption of the cataract. The treatment protocol was successfully eliminated the discomfort and intraocular lesions in the senile parrot.展开更多
AIMTo identify and characterize functionally distinct subpopulation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). METHODSADSCs cultured from mouse subcutaneous adipose tissue were sorted fluorescence-activated cell sorter ba...AIMTo identify and characterize functionally distinct subpopulation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). METHODSADSCs cultured from mouse subcutaneous adipose tissue were sorted fluorescence-activated cell sorter based on aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, a widely used stem cell marker. Differentiation potentials were analyzed by utilizing immunocytofluorescece and its quantitative analysis. RESULTSApproximately 15% of bulk ADSCs showed high ALDH activity in flow cytometric analysis. Although significant difference was not seen in proliferation capacity, the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity was higher in ALDH<sup>Hi</sup> subpopulations than in ALDH<sup>Lo</sup>. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that ribosome-related gene sets were enriched in the ALDH<sup>Hi</sup> subpopulation. CONCLUSIONHigh ALDH activity is a useful marker for identifying functionally different subpopulations in murine ADSCs. Additionally, we suggested the importance of ribosome for differentiation of ADSCs by gene set enrichment analysis.展开更多
Objective:To synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnONPs)and evaluate their antibacterial and wound healing effects against wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:ZnONPs were pre...Objective:To synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnONPs)and evaluate their antibacterial and wound healing effects against wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:ZnONPs were prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).A total of 18 rabbits were divided into three groups:the ZnONPs group,the gentamicin group and the control group.A wound of 3 cm^(2) was inflicted on each rabbit and contaminated with MRSA inoculum.Treatment was started from the fourth day post-surgery.Wound healing,microbiological analysis,and histopathological analysis were performed to assess the efficacy of ZnONPs ointment.Results:XRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of the ZnONPs with an average crystallite size of 29.23 nm.SEM revealed discoid-shaped ZnONPs with a rough surface and an average size of 48.36 nm.Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the purity of ZnONPs.Moreover,the particle size ranged from 100-700 nm with a high agglomeration trend.Treatment with ZnONPs promoted MRSA-infected wound healing.In addition,ZnONPs showed a good antibacterial effect as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in the zone of inhibition.Conclusions:ZnONPs accelerate the healing of MRSA-infected wounds.Therefore,it can be explored for the treatment of MRSA infection.展开更多
BACKGROUND Unexplained infertility(UI)is usually used for any heterosexual couple who failed to have a successful clinical pregnancy without identifying clear causes after they undergo all standard fertility tests.Evi...BACKGROUND Unexplained infertility(UI)is usually used for any heterosexual couple who failed to have a successful clinical pregnancy without identifying clear causes after they undergo all standard fertility tests.Evidence shows that leptin is one of the most accurate biomarkers for UI.Nevertheless,conflicting results regarding leptin levels in women with UI have been reported.AIM To find the serum leptin levels in women with UI.METHODS All studies written in English and conducted before April 30,2021 from PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,ClinicalTrials.gov,Google Scholar,OpenGrey,OATD,and the infertility conference abstract were included.Studies were found eligible if they provided the mean and standard deviation of leptin for the case group and control group.The quality assessment of individual studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Tool.Data synthesis and statistical analysis were done using STATA software version 16.RESULTS A total of 378 studies were reviewed,and just six studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in this meta-analysis.The pooled result showed that leptin levels were significantly higher in women with UI compared to fertile women,with a standardized mean difference of 0.97(95%confidence interval:-0.49-2.43).However,heterogeneity across studies was highly significant(P<0.00001;I2=98.8%).CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that leptin levels are elevated in women with UI compared with fertile women;hence,leptin could be a potential biomarker for UI in women,and it may be useful for identifying women with a high risk of infertility.展开更多
With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained t...With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained threadlike structures, which were barely observable in 1-weekold rats, were networked in specific areas of the brain, for example, the lateral lobes and the cerebella, in 4-week-old rats. In 7-week-old rats, those structures were found to have become larger and better networked. With phase contrast microscopy, we found that in 1-week-old rats, chromium-hematoxylin-stained granules were scattered in the same areas of the brain in which the network structures would later be observed in the 4- and 7-week-old rats. Such age-dependent network structures were examined by using optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained. The scattered granules fused into networks with increasing age. Cross-sections of the age-dependent network structures demonstrated heavily-stained basophilic substructures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the basophilic substructures to be clusters with high electron densities consisting of nanosized particles. We report these data as evidence for the existence of age-dependent network structures in the dura mater, we discuss their putative functions of age-dependent network structures beyond the general concept of the dura mater as a supporting matrix.展开更多
Hematopoietic tumors are associated with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and a poor prognosis. Furthermore, their pathophysiology in dogs is not well understood. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been rarely repo...Hematopoietic tumors are associated with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and a poor prognosis. Furthermore, their pathophysiology in dogs is not well understood. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been rarely reported in golden retrievers, perhaps due to difficulties in diagnosis and care. An 8-year-old spayed female golden retriever was referred to our hospital with a 2-month history of fatigue, weakness, and selective appetite. The dog was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on blood smear evaluation. Despite treatment, the dog deteriorated and the owners opted for euthanasia. Histopathological examination revealed atypical lymphocytes in the spleen, extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and liver, bone marrow depletion, moderate neutrophilic myocarditis, and acute renal tubular necrosis. In an immunohistochemical panel, cells in the spleen and bone marrow were positive for anti-CD20, anti-CD45, anti-CD3, anti-IBA-1, anti-Ki67, anti-MUM-1, and anti-PAX-5. In conclusion, the leukemia diagnosis was confirmed through reactive histiocytosis, marked extramedullary hematopoiesis, and other clinical and laboratory findings. Herein, we report a case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a female dog with clinical, laboratory, and necroscopy findings.展开更多
BACKGROUND There are three main forms of leishmaniasis in humans:cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL),visceral leishmaniasis(VL),and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.The prevalence of human leishmaniasis varies widely in different ...BACKGROUND There are three main forms of leishmaniasis in humans:cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL),visceral leishmaniasis(VL),and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.The prevalence of human leishmaniasis varies widely in different countries and different regions of the same country.To date,there is no overall estimation of the prevalence of human leishmaniasis in Sudan.AIM To determine the pooled prevalence of human leishmaniasis and the disease risk factors among Sudanese citizens.METHODS From all articles written in English or Arabic languages conducted before the 4th of August 2021 from[Scopus,Web of Science,PubMed,and MEDLINE,African Journals Online(AJOL),ResearchGate,direct Google search,Google Scholar,and universities websites], just 20 articles with a total of 230960 participants were eligible for thisstudy. Data synthesis and analysis were done using STATA software, version 16. EndNotecitation manager version X9.3.3 and Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) were used to remove theduplicated studies and manage the citation respectively.RESULTSThe overall pooled prevalence of human leishmaniasis in Sudan was 21% (with confidence interval12%-30%). CL was the most common type of leishmaniasis in Sudan, with a pooled prevalence of26% followed by VL (18%). Nevertheless, the pooled prevalence of human leishmaniasis in Sudanwas higher in males compared with females (60% vs 40%). The current results revealed that thepeople in the age group between 15 and 44 were the most affected group (60%), and central Sudanhas the highest pooled prevalence of human leishmaniasis (27%) compared with other regions ofSudan. Finally, the prevalence of human leishmaniasis seems to decrease with time.CONCLUSIONThis study showed that human leishmaniasis infection is still endemic in many regions in Sudanand highly prevalent in central and eastern Sudan, and CL is the most prevalent in the country.Males and adults were more susceptible to infection compared with females and children.However, the human leishmaniasis prevalence decreased relatively over time.展开更多
Objective:To observe other hemoprotozoan diseases with canine ehrlichiosis und to evaluate the clinical and hematological aspects of dogs naturally infected with ehrlichiosis with other hemoprotozoun diseases.Methods:...Objective:To observe other hemoprotozoan diseases with canine ehrlichiosis und to evaluate the clinical and hematological aspects of dogs naturally infected with ehrlichiosis with other hemoprotozoun diseases.Methods:Blood was collected for hematological value and Giemsa stained blood smear was made for diagnosis of Ehrlichia sp.and other hemoprotozoan parasites from naturally infected dogs.Case history was taken from the owner and clinical signs and symptoms were noted.Results:A total of 47 cases of ehrlichiosis in dogs were reported with babesiosis(8.51%)and hepatozoonosis(6.38%)hemoprotozoan diseases.Ehrlichia cams,Ehrlichia ewingii,Brucella canis,Babesia gibsoni and Hepatozoon canis were observed under oil immersion lense of microscope in Giemsa stained peripheral blood smears.Marked anaemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis were observed.Conclusions:The results of this study stated that clinical and haeinatological changes occurred in canine ehrlichiosis with babesiosis and hepatozoonosis due to parasitemia.In mixed infection,the disease more severe,and also it depended on immunity of animals.Babesia gibsoni and Hepatozoon canis with Ehrlichia sp.were first reported from West Bengal state of India by this study.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination for miniature pigs. Fourteen Chinese experimental miniature pigs subjected to this study received 3....The objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination for miniature pigs. Fourteen Chinese experimental miniature pigs subjected to this study received 3.5 mg tiletamine/zolazepam kg-1 bw, 1.32 mg xylazine kg-1 bw and 1.8 mg tramadol kg-1 bw intramuscularly, as a mixture of the drugs. Cardiopulmonary, biochemical and haematological parameters were recorded before drug administration and after anaesthesia. The combination of the compounds resulted in anaesthesia lasting about 87 min and a satisfactory immobilization for handling. Cardiopulmonary parameters were changed after administration, but there were within biologically acceptable limits. Biochemical and haematological values decreased after drug administration, however, they returned to the baseline at 24 h. At the doses described, tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination produced good immobilization in miniature pigs with minimal changes over time in cardiopulmonary, biochemical and haematological parameters.展开更多
Objective:To explore the cardioprotective effect of hesperidin against arsenic trioxide-induced cardiac toxicity in rats.Methods:Cardiac toxicity was induced by oral administration of 4 mg/kg arsenic trioxide for 30 d...Objective:To explore the cardioprotective effect of hesperidin against arsenic trioxide-induced cardiac toxicity in rats.Methods:Cardiac toxicity was induced by oral administration of 4 mg/kg arsenic trioxide for 30 days.Hematological,biochemical,electrocardiography,echocardiography,and histopathological examinations were performed.Results:Hesperidin decreased the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,calcium,creatine kinase-myoglobin binding,lactate dehydrogenase,IL-6,and lipid peroxidation,as well as increased sodium and potassium concentration and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in arsenic trioxide-intoxicated rats.Moreover,it reduced peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity while increasing heart rate.Arsenic trioxide-induced histopathological damage to cardiac tissue was prominently alleviated by hesperidin treatment.Conclusions:Hesperidin attenuates arsenic trioxide-induced cardiac toxicity in rats.Therefore,it can be further explored as a cardioprotective agent.展开更多
The Dictyostelium discoideum AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) snfA subcellular localization was studied in AX2 and stable HPF strains by use of AMPK antipeptide antibody and goat anti-rabbit Alexa-Flour 488-conjuga...The Dictyostelium discoideum AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) snfA subcellular localization was studied in AX2 and stable HPF strains by use of AMPK antipeptide antibody and goat anti-rabbit Alexa-Flour 488-conjugated IgG antibody. The AMPK exhibited cytosolic localization patterns and uniform focalised concentrations in wild type and the strains alike. Constitutive activation and attenuation of the α subunit expression did not affect subcellular distribution of AMPK. However, snfA expression was more intense in strains in which AMPK was constitutively active compared with the AX2 but lesser in attenuation strains. The localisation of the snfA reinforced the putative standing that it had a plethora of cytoplasmic functions. Moreover, the oxidative cellular function would require a ubiquitous system and might coordinately regulate responses to metabolic requirements. Furthermore, the developmental phases of the life cycle would support the cytosolic localization;and since organelles were potentially reorganized or removed entirely during the transition from vegetative living to fruiting body morphology. This study provided insight into the subcellular distribution of AMPK in Dictyostelium discoideum. We demonstrated that AMPK localization was steady in AX2 and derived strains whether constitutively active or anti-sense inhibited depicting extreme genetic states.展开更多
Background: Chondrocytes in the growth plate(GP) undergo increases in volume during different cascades of cell differentiation during longitudinal bone growth. The volume increase is reported to be the most significan...Background: Chondrocytes in the growth plate(GP) undergo increases in volume during different cascades of cell differentiation during longitudinal bone growth. The volume increase is reported to be the most significant variable in understanding the mechanism of long bone growth.Methods: Forty-five postnatal Sprague-Dawley rat pups, 7-15 days old were divided into nine age groups(P7-P15). Five pups were allocated to each group. The rats were sacrificed and tibia and metatarsal bones were harvested. Bone lengths were measured after 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours of ex vivo incubation. Histology of bones was carried out, and GP lengths and chondrocyte densities were determined.Results: There were significant differences in bone length among the age groups after 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Histological sectioning was possible in metatarsal bone from all age groups, and in tibia from 7-to 13-day-old rats. No significant differences in tibia and metatarsal GP lengths were seen among different age groups at 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Significant differences in chondrocyte densities along the epiphyseal GP of the bones between 0 and 72 hours of incubation were observed in most of the age groups.Conclusion: Ex vivo growth of tibia and metatarsal bones of rats aged 7-15 days old is possible, with percentage growth rates of 23.87 ± 0.80% and 40.38 ± 0.95%measured in tibia and metatarsal bone, respectively. Histological sectioning of bones was carried out without the need for decalcification in P7-P13 tibia and P7-P15 metatarsal bone. Increases in chondrocyte density along the GP influence overall bone elongation.展开更多
Aim: Storage of testes-epididymides at refrigeration temperature is a promising method of short-term sperm preservation for use in reproductive biotechnology in dogs. This study aimed to determine the effect of storag...Aim: Storage of testes-epididymides at refrigeration temperature is a promising method of short-term sperm preservation for use in reproductive biotechnology in dogs. This study aimed to determine the effect of storage time at 4°C on the quality of Nigerian local dogs’ cauda epididymal spermatozoa recovered post-castration. Materials and Methods: Testes along with their epididymides collected immediately after castration of local dogs were either processed immediately (0th hour) or stored at 4°C in the refrigerator for 12th, 24th or 48th hours and then processed. Each storage group comprised 5 pairs of testes-epididymides. Sperm motility, concentration, livability, acrosome integrity and morphology from the various storage groups were evaluated and means with standard error of the mean (±SEM) were recorded. Results: Mean percent sperm motility at 0th hour (77.0 ± 2.6) decreased significantly (p 0.05) was found when the mean sperm concentrations (×107/ml) of the storage groups (5.86 ± 47, 5.24 ± 26 and 5.38 ± 31) were compared with the control (6.48 ± 0.75). Mean percent sperm livability did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the 0th, 12th, 24th and 48th hour groups (86.4 ± 1.5, 78.0 ± 3.1 and 75.0 ± 1.8 respectively). However, there was a significant decrease (p 0.05) was detected in the mean percent acrosome integrity between the 0th, 12th, 24th and 48th hour groups (90.0 ± 1.5, 83.0 ± 3.5, 84.6 ± 4.6 and 82.2 ± 3.9 respectively). A significant increase (p Conclusion: The current study has shown that viable spermatozoa can be recovered after 48 hours of storage at 4°C of the cauda epididymides of Nigerian local dogs.展开更多
The concept of the modern anaesthesiological technique partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA) is by means of infusion of different pharmacological agents as a supplement to inhalation anaesthetics to reduce the concen...The concept of the modern anaesthesiological technique partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA) is by means of infusion of different pharmacological agents as a supplement to inhalation anaesthetics to reduce the concentration of volatile agents maintaining surgical anaesthesia and to decrease their noxious side effects mainly on cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Alpha-2 agonists are agents with frequent use in equine practice either as sedatives or in general anaesthesia PIVA protocols. The most selective amongst them, dexmedetomidine, is characterized by fewer side effects, lower doses, and fast elimination which make it appropriate for application as a continuous rate infusion (CRI). The purpose of this study was to trace out the effects of dexmedetomidine continuous rate infusion (CRI) as part of PIVA using isoflurane on volatile agent requirements, cardiovascular function, respiration and coagulation parameters, and recovery in healthy horses. Six healthy horses with average age 9.0 ± 5.1 year and mean body weight 247.7 ± 71.4 kg were subjected to either 3-hour lasting isoflurane or isoflurane-dexmedetomidine anaesthesia two weeks apart. The main clinical and anaesthesiological parameters were monitored in 10 minutes intervals. Electrolytes, acid-base, blood gases, and coagulation parameters were measured at the beginning and at the end of each anaesthesia. Recovery times and qualities were also recorded. The results showed that, the addition of dexmedetomidine by CRI at 1.75 μg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·hour<sup>-1</sup> to isoflurane anaesthesia slightly reduced isoflurane requirement for maintenance of surgical anaesthesia but had negligible effects on the recovery time and quality. PIVA using dexmedetomidine and isoflurane produced respiratory acidosis similar to isoflurane anaesthesia alone but with significantly more pronounced hypoxaemia and hyperlactaemia. Both investigated anaesthesia protocols did not influence significantly haemocoagulation parameters.</sup></sup>展开更多
文摘Tracheal collapse(TC),defined by excessive tracheal collapsibility,often results in severe respiratory distress in small-breed dogs.Surgical intervention,including the placement of extraluminal stents,has been employed as a treatment option.Owing to the anatomical and physiological similarities between rabbit and canine tracheas,a rabbit model was utilized to develop a novel extraluminal silicone tracheal stent and evaluate its feasibility in treating tracheomalacia.The stent was surgically implanted in eight New Zealand White rabbits after the induction of tracheomalacia.Postoperative evaluations,including clinical assessment,radiography,computed tomography(CT),and histological analysis,were performed at 1,2,and 6 months post-implantation.All rabbits in the stent group survived without exhibiting signs of respiratory distress,whereas all rabbits in the tracheomalacia group experienced respiratory distress,with one succumbing to respiratory failure.Radiographic and CT evaluations confirmed that the stent effectively maintained airway patency,with tracheal measurements not significantly different from the preoperative values,indicating successful restora-tion of tracheal diameter.Histological analysis demonstrated minimal inflammatory response,the absence of fibrosis,and preserved structural integrity of the tracheal cartilage.Therefore,the novel extraluminal silicone tracheal stent provides effective airway support while minimizing adverse tissue reactions.Further studies,including the use of this stent in a canine TC model and assessment of its long-term outcomes,are warranted to explore its potential clinical applications in veterinary medicine.
基金financially supported by the Iran National Science Foundation(No.96000854)。
文摘Permanent implants are going to be replaced by the implementation of biodegradable magnesium-based implants in fixation of internal bone fractures because of many concerns associated with conventional implants.However,biodegradable magnesium-based biomaterials exhibit higher biodegradation rate and low mechanical properties which are the main challenges.This work aims to almost overcome both disadvantageous by grain refining of a WE43 magnesium alloy containing 93.04 wt% Mg,4.12 wt% Y,2.15 wt% Nd,0.43 wt% Zr,and 0.26 wt%La.In this study,the consequences of combined severe plastic deformation(SPD) on the mechanical properties,microstructure,and in vivo degradation behavior of WE43 magnesium alloy were investigated.To do so,WE43 magnesium alloy was chosen and processed through multipass equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) at 330℃ for up to four passes followed by an extrusion process.The results showed that higher strength and hardness with minimum ductility less was obtained in the sample processed via two-pass ECAP followed by extrusion.In vivo biodegradation experiments showed higher degradation rate for the unprocessed coarse-grained(CG) WE43 sample.The two-pass ECAP and extruded sample with ultrafine-grained(UFG) structure exhibited the lowest in vivo biodegradation rate besides appropriate mechanical properties.It may be concluded that the WE43 magnesium alloy processed via two-pass ECAP and extrusion could be a very promising candidate for biodegradable implants from both mechanical and biocorrosion viewpoints.
文摘Bones are organs of the skeletal system, providing shape, mechanical support, and protection to the body and facilitating the movement. In addition, bones contribute to the mineral homeostasis of the body and have recently been found to participate in endocrine regulation of energy metabolism. The well-known limitations associated with clinical use of autografts and allografts continue to drive efforts to develop bone graft substitutes, using the principles of biomaterials and tissue engineering. Under some stressful and continuous compressive conditions, the ability of the bone tissue to tolerate strength decreases. Whenever these forces overcome the toleration of the bone tissue, bone fracture occurs. years
基金Supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
文摘AIM: To evaluate the influence of different intraocular lens(IOL) designs made of PMMA on posterior capsular opacification(PCO) and compare with foldable designs.· METHODS: Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was done in one eye of 24 New Zealand White rabbits, with IOL of two different designs (Square edged or round edge) and two different materials(PMMA or HEMA). After three months, the animals were sacrificed and enucleated. Evaluation of PCO included posterior view, migration of anterior capsular epithelial cells to the posterior capsule following epithelial-mesenchymal transition were assessed by staining the histological sections of posterior capsule by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Periodic acid- Schiff (PAS). The IOLs were extracted and stained with HE to evaluate the presence of adherent cells on the lens surface. · RESULTS: PCO was highest with round edged rigid lens. There was no significant difference in the PCO between the square edged PMMA and square edged foldable lens.· CONCLUSION: It is the design of the IOL not the material that offers protection on PCO formation.
文摘Animal models are live subjects applied to translational research.They provide insights into human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge.Livestock development has favored the pace of human social development over millennia.Today's society is more aware of animal welfare than past generations.The general public has marked objections to animal research and many species are falling into disuse.The search for an ideal methodology to replace animal use is on,but animal modeling still holds great importance to human health.Bone research,in particular,has unmet requirements that in vitro technologies cannot fully address.Standardizing novel models remains necessary and rabbits are gaining in popularity as potential bone models.Our aim here is to provide a broad overview of animal modeling and its ethical implications,followed by a narrower focus on bone research and the role rabbits are playing in the current scenario.
基金Supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Program of Science,No.23590978 and No.16H05287the Strategic Research Promotion Program from Yamaguchi University
文摘AIM To evaluate the inhibitory effects of deferasirox(DFX) against hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) through basic and clinical studies.METHODS In the basic study, the effect of DFX was investigated in three hepatoma cell lines(Hep G2, Hep3 B, and Huh7), as well as in an N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced murine HCC model. In the clinical study, six advanced HCC patients refractory to chemotherapy were enrolled. The initial dose of DFX was 10 mg/kg per day and was increased by 10 mg/kg per day every week, until the maximum dose of 30 mg/kg per day. The duration of a single course of DFX therapy was 28 consecutive days. In the event of dose-limiting toxicity(according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.4.0), DFX dose was reduced.RESULTS Administration of DFX inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cell lines and induced the activation of caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In the murine model, DFX treatment significantly suppressed the development of liver tumors(P < 0.01), and significantly upregulated the mR NA expression levels of hepcidin(P < 0.05), transferrin receptor 1(P < 0.05), and hypoxia inducible factor-1α(P < 0.05) in both tumor and non-tumor tissues, compared with control mice. In the clinical study, anorexia and elevated serum creatinine were observed in four and all six patients, respectively. However, reduction in DFX dose led to decrease in serum creatinine levels in all patients. After the first course of DFX, one patient discontinued the therapy. We assessed the tumor response in the remaining five patients; one patient exhibited stable disease, while four patients exhibited progressive disease. The one-year survival rate of the six patients was 17%.CONCLUSION We demonstrated that DFX inhibited HCC in the basic study, but not in the clinical study due to dose-limiting toxicities.
文摘A 35-year-old Indian parrot (Psittacula krameri manillensis) was presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences with a history of blepharospasm and corneal lesion OS. Test with fluorescein dye was negative. The dense corneal opacity (macula) was identified as involving the posterior corneal layer. The further ophthalmic examination was done and hypermature phacolytic cataract was diagnosed. No other abnormality was detected. Medical management with topical nepafenac prednisolone and triple antibiotic was instituted. The corneal lesion subsided completely within one week followed by spontaneous resorption of the cataract. The treatment protocol was successfully eliminated the discomfort and intraocular lesions in the senile parrot.
基金Supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research) for Nishikawa S,No.26893172
文摘AIMTo identify and characterize functionally distinct subpopulation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). METHODSADSCs cultured from mouse subcutaneous adipose tissue were sorted fluorescence-activated cell sorter based on aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, a widely used stem cell marker. Differentiation potentials were analyzed by utilizing immunocytofluorescece and its quantitative analysis. RESULTSApproximately 15% of bulk ADSCs showed high ALDH activity in flow cytometric analysis. Although significant difference was not seen in proliferation capacity, the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity was higher in ALDH<sup>Hi</sup> subpopulations than in ALDH<sup>Lo</sup>. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that ribosome-related gene sets were enriched in the ALDH<sup>Hi</sup> subpopulation. CONCLUSIONHigh ALDH activity is a useful marker for identifying functionally different subpopulations in murine ADSCs. Additionally, we suggested the importance of ribosome for differentiation of ADSCs by gene set enrichment analysis.
文摘Objective:To synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnONPs)and evaluate their antibacterial and wound healing effects against wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:ZnONPs were prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).A total of 18 rabbits were divided into three groups:the ZnONPs group,the gentamicin group and the control group.A wound of 3 cm^(2) was inflicted on each rabbit and contaminated with MRSA inoculum.Treatment was started from the fourth day post-surgery.Wound healing,microbiological analysis,and histopathological analysis were performed to assess the efficacy of ZnONPs ointment.Results:XRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of the ZnONPs with an average crystallite size of 29.23 nm.SEM revealed discoid-shaped ZnONPs with a rough surface and an average size of 48.36 nm.Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the purity of ZnONPs.Moreover,the particle size ranged from 100-700 nm with a high agglomeration trend.Treatment with ZnONPs promoted MRSA-infected wound healing.In addition,ZnONPs showed a good antibacterial effect as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in the zone of inhibition.Conclusions:ZnONPs accelerate the healing of MRSA-infected wounds.Therefore,it can be explored for the treatment of MRSA infection.
文摘BACKGROUND Unexplained infertility(UI)is usually used for any heterosexual couple who failed to have a successful clinical pregnancy without identifying clear causes after they undergo all standard fertility tests.Evidence shows that leptin is one of the most accurate biomarkers for UI.Nevertheless,conflicting results regarding leptin levels in women with UI have been reported.AIM To find the serum leptin levels in women with UI.METHODS All studies written in English and conducted before April 30,2021 from PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,ClinicalTrials.gov,Google Scholar,OpenGrey,OATD,and the infertility conference abstract were included.Studies were found eligible if they provided the mean and standard deviation of leptin for the case group and control group.The quality assessment of individual studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Tool.Data synthesis and statistical analysis were done using STATA software version 16.RESULTS A total of 378 studies were reviewed,and just six studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in this meta-analysis.The pooled result showed that leptin levels were significantly higher in women with UI compared to fertile women,with a standardized mean difference of 0.97(95%confidence interval:-0.49-2.43).However,heterogeneity across studies was highly significant(P<0.00001;I2=98.8%).CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that leptin levels are elevated in women with UI compared with fertile women;hence,leptin could be a potential biomarker for UI in women,and it may be useful for identifying women with a high risk of infertility.
基金supported by Global Ph.D.Fellowship Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2014H1A2A1020588)by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute,by a Korean Pharmacopuncture Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute(KPI-2014-010)by the grant K13290 of KIOM and by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning(2013R1A1A2021577)
文摘With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained threadlike structures, which were barely observable in 1-weekold rats, were networked in specific areas of the brain, for example, the lateral lobes and the cerebella, in 4-week-old rats. In 7-week-old rats, those structures were found to have become larger and better networked. With phase contrast microscopy, we found that in 1-week-old rats, chromium-hematoxylin-stained granules were scattered in the same areas of the brain in which the network structures would later be observed in the 4- and 7-week-old rats. Such age-dependent network structures were examined by using optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained. The scattered granules fused into networks with increasing age. Cross-sections of the age-dependent network structures demonstrated heavily-stained basophilic substructures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the basophilic substructures to be clusters with high electron densities consisting of nanosized particles. We report these data as evidence for the existence of age-dependent network structures in the dura mater, we discuss their putative functions of age-dependent network structures beyond the general concept of the dura mater as a supporting matrix.
文摘Hematopoietic tumors are associated with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and a poor prognosis. Furthermore, their pathophysiology in dogs is not well understood. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been rarely reported in golden retrievers, perhaps due to difficulties in diagnosis and care. An 8-year-old spayed female golden retriever was referred to our hospital with a 2-month history of fatigue, weakness, and selective appetite. The dog was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on blood smear evaluation. Despite treatment, the dog deteriorated and the owners opted for euthanasia. Histopathological examination revealed atypical lymphocytes in the spleen, extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and liver, bone marrow depletion, moderate neutrophilic myocarditis, and acute renal tubular necrosis. In an immunohistochemical panel, cells in the spleen and bone marrow were positive for anti-CD20, anti-CD45, anti-CD3, anti-IBA-1, anti-Ki67, anti-MUM-1, and anti-PAX-5. In conclusion, the leukemia diagnosis was confirmed through reactive histiocytosis, marked extramedullary hematopoiesis, and other clinical and laboratory findings. Herein, we report a case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a female dog with clinical, laboratory, and necroscopy findings.
文摘BACKGROUND There are three main forms of leishmaniasis in humans:cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL),visceral leishmaniasis(VL),and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.The prevalence of human leishmaniasis varies widely in different countries and different regions of the same country.To date,there is no overall estimation of the prevalence of human leishmaniasis in Sudan.AIM To determine the pooled prevalence of human leishmaniasis and the disease risk factors among Sudanese citizens.METHODS From all articles written in English or Arabic languages conducted before the 4th of August 2021 from[Scopus,Web of Science,PubMed,and MEDLINE,African Journals Online(AJOL),ResearchGate,direct Google search,Google Scholar,and universities websites], just 20 articles with a total of 230960 participants were eligible for thisstudy. Data synthesis and analysis were done using STATA software, version 16. EndNotecitation manager version X9.3.3 and Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) were used to remove theduplicated studies and manage the citation respectively.RESULTSThe overall pooled prevalence of human leishmaniasis in Sudan was 21% (with confidence interval12%-30%). CL was the most common type of leishmaniasis in Sudan, with a pooled prevalence of26% followed by VL (18%). Nevertheless, the pooled prevalence of human leishmaniasis in Sudanwas higher in males compared with females (60% vs 40%). The current results revealed that thepeople in the age group between 15 and 44 were the most affected group (60%), and central Sudanhas the highest pooled prevalence of human leishmaniasis (27%) compared with other regions ofSudan. Finally, the prevalence of human leishmaniasis seems to decrease with time.CONCLUSIONThis study showed that human leishmaniasis infection is still endemic in many regions in Sudanand highly prevalent in central and eastern Sudan, and CL is the most prevalent in the country.Males and adults were more susceptible to infection compared with females and children.However, the human leishmaniasis prevalence decreased relatively over time.
基金Supported by Department of Veterinary Microbiology.West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences.37.K.B.Sarani.Kolkata-700037.West Bengal.India(Grant No.F.O.-VAS/Micro-11-12/165)
文摘Objective:To observe other hemoprotozoan diseases with canine ehrlichiosis und to evaluate the clinical and hematological aspects of dogs naturally infected with ehrlichiosis with other hemoprotozoun diseases.Methods:Blood was collected for hematological value and Giemsa stained blood smear was made for diagnosis of Ehrlichia sp.and other hemoprotozoan parasites from naturally infected dogs.Case history was taken from the owner and clinical signs and symptoms were noted.Results:A total of 47 cases of ehrlichiosis in dogs were reported with babesiosis(8.51%)and hepatozoonosis(6.38%)hemoprotozoan diseases.Ehrlichia cams,Ehrlichia ewingii,Brucella canis,Babesia gibsoni and Hepatozoon canis were observed under oil immersion lense of microscope in Giemsa stained peripheral blood smears.Marked anaemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis were observed.Conclusions:The results of this study stated that clinical and haeinatological changes occurred in canine ehrlichiosis with babesiosis and hepatozoonosis due to parasitemia.In mixed infection,the disease more severe,and also it depended on immunity of animals.Babesia gibsoni and Hepatozoon canis with Ehrlichia sp.were first reported from West Bengal state of India by this study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671552 and 30972227)
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination for miniature pigs. Fourteen Chinese experimental miniature pigs subjected to this study received 3.5 mg tiletamine/zolazepam kg-1 bw, 1.32 mg xylazine kg-1 bw and 1.8 mg tramadol kg-1 bw intramuscularly, as a mixture of the drugs. Cardiopulmonary, biochemical and haematological parameters were recorded before drug administration and after anaesthesia. The combination of the compounds resulted in anaesthesia lasting about 87 min and a satisfactory immobilization for handling. Cardiopulmonary parameters were changed after administration, but there were within biologically acceptable limits. Biochemical and haematological values decreased after drug administration, however, they returned to the baseline at 24 h. At the doses described, tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination produced good immobilization in miniature pigs with minimal changes over time in cardiopulmonary, biochemical and haematological parameters.
文摘Objective:To explore the cardioprotective effect of hesperidin against arsenic trioxide-induced cardiac toxicity in rats.Methods:Cardiac toxicity was induced by oral administration of 4 mg/kg arsenic trioxide for 30 days.Hematological,biochemical,electrocardiography,echocardiography,and histopathological examinations were performed.Results:Hesperidin decreased the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,calcium,creatine kinase-myoglobin binding,lactate dehydrogenase,IL-6,and lipid peroxidation,as well as increased sodium and potassium concentration and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in arsenic trioxide-intoxicated rats.Moreover,it reduced peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity while increasing heart rate.Arsenic trioxide-induced histopathological damage to cardiac tissue was prominently alleviated by hesperidin treatment.Conclusions:Hesperidin attenuates arsenic trioxide-induced cardiac toxicity in rats.Therefore,it can be further explored as a cardioprotective agent.
文摘The Dictyostelium discoideum AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) snfA subcellular localization was studied in AX2 and stable HPF strains by use of AMPK antipeptide antibody and goat anti-rabbit Alexa-Flour 488-conjugated IgG antibody. The AMPK exhibited cytosolic localization patterns and uniform focalised concentrations in wild type and the strains alike. Constitutive activation and attenuation of the α subunit expression did not affect subcellular distribution of AMPK. However, snfA expression was more intense in strains in which AMPK was constitutively active compared with the AX2 but lesser in attenuation strains. The localisation of the snfA reinforced the putative standing that it had a plethora of cytoplasmic functions. Moreover, the oxidative cellular function would require a ubiquitous system and might coordinately regulate responses to metabolic requirements. Furthermore, the developmental phases of the life cycle would support the cytosolic localization;and since organelles were potentially reorganized or removed entirely during the transition from vegetative living to fruiting body morphology. This study provided insight into the subcellular distribution of AMPK in Dictyostelium discoideum. We demonstrated that AMPK localization was steady in AX2 and derived strains whether constitutively active or anti-sense inhibited depicting extreme genetic states.
基金Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia,Grant/Award Number:FRGS/1/2012/SGO5/UPM/02/9
文摘Background: Chondrocytes in the growth plate(GP) undergo increases in volume during different cascades of cell differentiation during longitudinal bone growth. The volume increase is reported to be the most significant variable in understanding the mechanism of long bone growth.Methods: Forty-five postnatal Sprague-Dawley rat pups, 7-15 days old were divided into nine age groups(P7-P15). Five pups were allocated to each group. The rats were sacrificed and tibia and metatarsal bones were harvested. Bone lengths were measured after 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours of ex vivo incubation. Histology of bones was carried out, and GP lengths and chondrocyte densities were determined.Results: There were significant differences in bone length among the age groups after 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Histological sectioning was possible in metatarsal bone from all age groups, and in tibia from 7-to 13-day-old rats. No significant differences in tibia and metatarsal GP lengths were seen among different age groups at 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Significant differences in chondrocyte densities along the epiphyseal GP of the bones between 0 and 72 hours of incubation were observed in most of the age groups.Conclusion: Ex vivo growth of tibia and metatarsal bones of rats aged 7-15 days old is possible, with percentage growth rates of 23.87 ± 0.80% and 40.38 ± 0.95%measured in tibia and metatarsal bone, respectively. Histological sectioning of bones was carried out without the need for decalcification in P7-P13 tibia and P7-P15 metatarsal bone. Increases in chondrocyte density along the GP influence overall bone elongation.
文摘Aim: Storage of testes-epididymides at refrigeration temperature is a promising method of short-term sperm preservation for use in reproductive biotechnology in dogs. This study aimed to determine the effect of storage time at 4°C on the quality of Nigerian local dogs’ cauda epididymal spermatozoa recovered post-castration. Materials and Methods: Testes along with their epididymides collected immediately after castration of local dogs were either processed immediately (0th hour) or stored at 4°C in the refrigerator for 12th, 24th or 48th hours and then processed. Each storage group comprised 5 pairs of testes-epididymides. Sperm motility, concentration, livability, acrosome integrity and morphology from the various storage groups were evaluated and means with standard error of the mean (±SEM) were recorded. Results: Mean percent sperm motility at 0th hour (77.0 ± 2.6) decreased significantly (p 0.05) was found when the mean sperm concentrations (×107/ml) of the storage groups (5.86 ± 47, 5.24 ± 26 and 5.38 ± 31) were compared with the control (6.48 ± 0.75). Mean percent sperm livability did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the 0th, 12th, 24th and 48th hour groups (86.4 ± 1.5, 78.0 ± 3.1 and 75.0 ± 1.8 respectively). However, there was a significant decrease (p 0.05) was detected in the mean percent acrosome integrity between the 0th, 12th, 24th and 48th hour groups (90.0 ± 1.5, 83.0 ± 3.5, 84.6 ± 4.6 and 82.2 ± 3.9 respectively). A significant increase (p Conclusion: The current study has shown that viable spermatozoa can be recovered after 48 hours of storage at 4°C of the cauda epididymides of Nigerian local dogs.
文摘The concept of the modern anaesthesiological technique partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA) is by means of infusion of different pharmacological agents as a supplement to inhalation anaesthetics to reduce the concentration of volatile agents maintaining surgical anaesthesia and to decrease their noxious side effects mainly on cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Alpha-2 agonists are agents with frequent use in equine practice either as sedatives or in general anaesthesia PIVA protocols. The most selective amongst them, dexmedetomidine, is characterized by fewer side effects, lower doses, and fast elimination which make it appropriate for application as a continuous rate infusion (CRI). The purpose of this study was to trace out the effects of dexmedetomidine continuous rate infusion (CRI) as part of PIVA using isoflurane on volatile agent requirements, cardiovascular function, respiration and coagulation parameters, and recovery in healthy horses. Six healthy horses with average age 9.0 ± 5.1 year and mean body weight 247.7 ± 71.4 kg were subjected to either 3-hour lasting isoflurane or isoflurane-dexmedetomidine anaesthesia two weeks apart. The main clinical and anaesthesiological parameters were monitored in 10 minutes intervals. Electrolytes, acid-base, blood gases, and coagulation parameters were measured at the beginning and at the end of each anaesthesia. Recovery times and qualities were also recorded. The results showed that, the addition of dexmedetomidine by CRI at 1.75 μg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·hour<sup>-1</sup> to isoflurane anaesthesia slightly reduced isoflurane requirement for maintenance of surgical anaesthesia but had negligible effects on the recovery time and quality. PIVA using dexmedetomidine and isoflurane produced respiratory acidosis similar to isoflurane anaesthesia alone but with significantly more pronounced hypoxaemia and hyperlactaemia. Both investigated anaesthesia protocols did not influence significantly haemocoagulation parameters.</sup></sup>
