Malaria is a main vector-borne public health problem in Iran.The last studies on Iranian mosquitoes show 31 Anopheles species including different sibling species and genotypes,eight of them are reported to play role i...Malaria is a main vector-borne public health problem in Iran.The last studies on Iranian mosquitoes show 31 Anopheles species including different sibling species and genotypes,eight of them are reported to play role in malaria transmission.The objective of this study is to provide a reference for malaria vectors of Iran and to map their spatial and temporal distribution in different climatic zones.Shape files of administrative boundaries and climates of Iran were provided by National Cartographic Center.Data on distribution and seasonal activity of malaria vectors were obtained from different sources and a databank in district level was created in Excel 2003, inserted to the shape files and analyzed by ArcGIS 9.2 to provide the maps.Anopheles culicifacies Giles s.l.,Anopheles dthali Patton,Anopheles fluviatilis James s.L,Anopheles maculipennis Meigen s.L,Anopheles sacharovi Favre,Anopheles stephensi IJston,and Anopheles superpictus Grassi have been introduced as primary and secondary malaria vectors and Anopheles puicherrimus Theobald as a suspected vector in Iran.Temporal distribution of anopheline mosquitoes is restricted to April_December in northern Iran,however mosquitoes can be found during the year in southern region.Spatial distribution of malaria vectors is different based on species,thus six of them(except for Anopheles maculipennis s.l.and Anopheles sacharovi) are reported from endemic malarious area in southern and southeastern areas of Iran.The climate of this part is usually warm and humid,which makes it favorable for mosquito rearing and malaria transmission.Correlation between climate conditions and vector distribution can help to predict the potential range of activity for each species and preparedness for malaria epidemics.展开更多
Objective: To determine abundance, distribution and diversity of potential breeding container habitats of the dengue vectors in public places including schools, restaurants,mosques and parks in southwest areas of Pena...Objective: To determine abundance, distribution and diversity of potential breeding container habitats of the dengue vectors in public places including schools, restaurants,mosques and parks in southwest areas of Penang Island, Malaysia.Methods: Premises at restaurants, schools, parks and mosques were surveyed simultaneously and inspected visually for container habitats and production of immature mosquitoes from March 2015 to March 2016. Abundance(mean ± SE) of breeding containers between sites was compared using One-way ANOVA. Independent sample ttest was used to compare total number of Aedes albopictus(Ae. albopictus) and Aedes aegypti(Ae. aegypti) surveyed.Results: The surveyed locations yielded a total of 3 741 breeding containers and 19 537 immature mosquitoes from four areas. Concurrent artificial and natural containers produced 78.4% immature Ae. albopictus and 6.3% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in wet season,with 14.2% Ae. albopictus and 1.1% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in dry season. Artificial containers accounted for 98.1% of the total containers recorded, with restaurants being the most productive locations(8 012) and schools being the least productive(2 234).Conclusions: It was concluded that public places are good sources of potential container habitats of Aedes mosquitoes in Penang Island, Malaysia and Ae. albopictus has exclusively replaced the home-grown Ae. aegypti even in urban areas. Therefore, treatment of artificial containers in such locations is critical in Aedes mosquito control campaigns during dengue outbreaks.展开更多
Objective:To determine spatial distribution of sand flies(Diptera:Psychodidae;Larroussius group),the vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil province,Northwest of Iran.Methods:Sand flies were collected using stic...Objective:To determine spatial distribution of sand flies(Diptera:Psychodidae;Larroussius group),the vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil province,Northwest of Iran.Methods:Sand flies were collected using sticky traps from the 30 selected points in Ardabil province,during May-November 2017.The MaxEnt model in GIS software was used for modeling.Results:A total of 2794 specimens of sand flies were collected,of which 33%were Larroussius subgenus sand flies.Phlebotomus kandelakii and Phlebotomus wenyoni were the highest and lowest collected species respectively.Based on the modeling,four areas in the province were identified with more than 70%probability of the presence of Larroussius group vectors which were at risk of visceral leishmaniasis disease transmission.Conclusions:The distribution of Larroussius subgenus sand flies was observed in all parts of Ardabil.But the northern parts of the province(Germi and Bilesavar counties)as well as central part(Ardabil and Meshkinshahr counties)were of great importance in terms of the presence of Larroussius subgenus sand flies and the possibility of transmission of the visceral leishmaniasis.展开更多
Objective: To explore the larvicidal activities of different plant parts of Melanochyla fasciculiflora(M. fasciculiflora), Gluta renghas(G. renghas), Anacardium occidentale and Mangifera indica from family Anacardiace...Objective: To explore the larvicidal activities of different plant parts of Melanochyla fasciculiflora(M. fasciculiflora), Gluta renghas(G. renghas), Anacardium occidentale and Mangifera indica from family Anacardiaceae against the laboratory and field strains of dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus(Ae. albopictus).Methods: Leaves and bark parts of study plants were collected from Taman Nageri,Bukit Pancor and Teluk Bahang National Park, Penang, Malaysia. Leaves and stem barks were separated, air dried, ground and extracted with methanol by Soxhlet apparatus.Crude extract was obtained by evaporating the extra solvent in rotary evaporator. The 4th instar larvae from laboratory and field strains were exposed to 50–1 300 mg/L concentrations according to World Health Organization standard larval bioassay. Larval mortality was recorded after 24 h of exposure.Results: Highest larvicidal activity was exhibited by G. renghas bark extract against Ae.albopictus laboratory strain at 600 mg/L. G. renghas also showed the highest larvicidal activities for other strains as compared to other plant extracts, followed by Mangifera indica and M. fasciculiflora and Anacardium occidentale.Conclusions: Ae. albopictus has been found to be more susceptible as compare to Aedes aegypti in both laboratory and field strains in this study. G. renghas and M. fasciculiflora were tested for the first time and exhibited prompting larvicidal activities against dengue vectors. These results revealed that all the plants especially G. renghas and M. fasciculiflora have the higher larvicidal activities and can be used for the control of dengue vector as a new environment friendly, target specific and low cost phytochemical.展开更多
Objective:To investigate lethal effect of culture filtrates of Streptomyces citreofluorescens （S.citreofluorescens） against Anopheles stephensi（An.stephensi）,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx. quinquefasciatus）,and Aede...Objective:To investigate lethal effect of culture filtrates of Streptomyces citreofluorescens （S.citreofluorescens） against Anopheles stephensi（An.stephensi）,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx. quinquefasciatus）,and Aedes aegypti（Ae.aegypti） larvae vectors for malaria,filarial and dengue. Methods:The culture filtrates obtained from S.cilreofluorescens 2528 was grown in Potato Dextrose Broth（PDB）,filtrated and used for the bioassay after a growth of 15 days.Results:The results demonstrated that the An.stephensi shows mortalities with LC<sub>50</sub>,LG<sub>40</sub> values of first instar 46.8μL/mL,79.5μL/mL,second instar 79.0μL/mL,95.6μL/mL,third instar 79.0μL/mL,136.9μL/mL,and fourth instar 122.6μL/mL,174.5μL/mL Whereas,The Cx.quinquefasciatus were found effective on first instar 40.0μL/mL,138.03μL/mL,second instar 80.0μL/ml,181.97μL/ mL,third instar 100.0μL/mL,309.2μL/mL,and fourth instar 60.0μL/ml,169.82μL/mL.The Ae.aegypti were successfully achieved susceptible with higher concentrations in comparisons of An.stephensi and Cx.quinquefasciatus larvae.These outcomes of the investigations have compared with the Chitinase of Streptomyces griseus（S.griseus） C6137 that shows 90%-95% mortality.Conclusions:These new findings significantly permitted that the culture filtrates of S. citreofluorescens can be used as bacterial larvicides.This is an environmentally safe approach to control the vectors of malaria,dengue and filariasis of tropical areas.展开更多
Objective: To determine the spatial distribution and infection rate of sand flies as vectors of Leishmania parasite in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The san...Objective: To determine the spatial distribution and infection rate of sand flies as vectors of Leishmania parasite in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sand flies were collected from 30 areas in all 10 districts of Ardabil province during 2017. The specimens were caught using the sticky traps. The head and genitalia of sand flies were separated and mounted in Berlese solution for microscopic identification. The Geographical Information System ArcMap10.4.1 software was used to provide the spatial maps. Results: A total of 2 794 sand flies specimens were collected and 22 species of sand flies were identified from the two genera: Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia from Ardabil province. The highest frequency was found in Phlebotomus papatasi(23.7%) followed by Phlebotomus kandelakii(13.0%). The promastigote form of Leishmania infantum parasite has been reported from the three main vectors of visceral leishmaniasis(Phlebotomus kandelakii, Phlebotomus perfiliewi and Phlebotomus tobbi) from Ardabil province, where the spatial distribution map of these visceral leishmaniasis vectors was prepared. Some important species of sand flies such as Phlebotomus kandelakii, Phlebotomus perfiliewi and Phlebotomus tobbi were reported and identified as main and probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil. Conclusions: According to the Geographic Information System based maps, the frequency of the sand flies as leishmaniasis vectors, the leishmania parasite infection rate and the prevalence of the disease in the central areas of Ardabil province are higher than in other areas in Ardabil province.展开更多
This paper summarises efforts to control Sleeping sickness [Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)] by Tsetse flies and Trypanosomiaisis (T & T) control for the 7 consecutive years although started a decade ago in Ta...This paper summarises efforts to control Sleeping sickness [Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)] by Tsetse flies and Trypanosomiaisis (T & T) control for the 7 consecutive years although started a decade ago in Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA). These efforts are critical for curbing HAT incidences and HAT epidemics. HAT cases have had profound negative impacts on human health, affecting local residents and international travel as well as tourism industry resulting into human and animal health burden and reduction in tourism income. Understanding the current efforts is essential in the proper planning and decision making on developing effective control strategy against T & T control. In this paper, we summarize the recent efforts in the control of T & T in National Parks and discuss the constraints faced. The information will enable TANAPA and other concerned authorities to make informed decision on optimal ways of controlling HAT in National Parks. The results show that much control efforts have so far concentrated in Serengeti, Ruaha, Tarangire and Katavi National Parks where tsetse fly challenges are high. A total 21,143 (average 3020) Insecticide Treated Targets (ITT) were deployed in different areas in the parks and 82,899 (average 20,725) cars entering these parks were sprayed from 2007/2008 to 2014/2015 and 2007/2008 to 2010/2011 respectively. Deployed ITTs lead to a drastic reduction of FTDs of the two dominant tsetse species to 1.3 and 1.4 of G. swynnertoni and G. pallidipes respectively, and the decline was significant at P = 0.011. The major challenges faced include tsetse re-invasion in controlled areas;resurgence of HAT cases when control efforts are relaxed, ITT maintenance and inadequate health education programs. The control strategy should be continuous and scaled up as failure to implement an effective and sustainable system for HAT control will increase the risk of new epidemic that would impede tourism development.展开更多
Dear Editor,Arthropod-borne viruses are a group of the most important emerging pathogens.They cause a range of diseases in vertebrate hosts and threaten human health(Gan and Leo,2014).The global distribution of arbovi...Dear Editor,Arthropod-borne viruses are a group of the most important emerging pathogens.They cause a range of diseases in vertebrate hosts and threaten human health(Gan and Leo,2014).The global distribution of arboviruses is associated with the vector which is strongly affected by changes in environmental conditions.展开更多
It is important to understand the dynamics of malaria vectors in implementing malaria control strategies.Six villages were selected from different sections in the Three Gorges Reservoir fc,r exploring the relationship...It is important to understand the dynamics of malaria vectors in implementing malaria control strategies.Six villages were selected from different sections in the Three Gorges Reservoir fc,r exploring the relationship between the climatic|:actors and its malaria vector density from 1997 to 2007 using the auto-regressive linear model regressi^n method.The result indicated that both temperature and precipitation were better modeled as quadratic rather than linearly related to the density of Anopheles sinensis.展开更多
PBQ[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea],an enormous potent molluscicide,showed excellent Pomacea canaliculata(P.canaliculata)control activity and low toxicity for other aquatic organisms,but its snail-killing mec...PBQ[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea],an enormous potent molluscicide,showed excellent Pomacea canaliculata(P.canaliculata)control activity and low toxicity for other aquatic organisms,but its snail-killing mechanisms are still not fully understood.We employed an optical method to elucidate PBQ action via a novel fluorescent viscosity probe,NCV.As the viscosity in the test solutions increased,compared with that in pure ethanol,a 54-fold fluorescence intensity enhancement of NCV was observed in 310 cP of 90%glycerol.Furthermore,NCV successfully exhibited a selective fluorescence response towards monensin-induced cellular viscosity changes in HepG2 cells.The liver,stomach,and foot plantar of the tested snails were frozen and sectioned for fluorescent imaging experiments after the treatment with different PBQ concentrations over various times.A significant fluorescent increase in the snail's liver was observed upon exposure to 0.75 mg/L PBQ for 72 h,which highlighted an increase in viscosity.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining further supported PBQ-induced liver damage with a viscosity increase in P.canaliculata.Our study provides a new rapid optical visualization method to study the killing mechanisms of PBQ and may help discover new chemicals that control snail populations.展开更多
A 150 bp epidermal growth factor (EGF) cDNA fragment and a 1024 bp epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cDNA fragment were inserted into 5.05 kb pBabe-puro retroviral vectors between BamH I and EcoR I sites in 3...A 150 bp epidermal growth factor (EGF) cDNA fragment and a 1024 bp epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cDNA fragment were inserted into 5.05 kb pBabe-puro retroviral vectors between BamH I and EcoR I sites in 3'-5' and / or 5'-3' orientation. The vectors were ligated with EGF and EGFR fragments by T-4 Ligase. The recombinant retroviral vectors were then packaged with packaging cell line PA317 through calcium phosphate mediated transfection. The viral supernatant of transfected PA317 cell lines were used to infect the human pancreatic carcinoma cell line PC-7. The resultant transformant cell lines: PC-7 / AS-EGF, PC-7 / S-EGFR, PC-7 / AS-EGFR and PC-7 / pBabe were tested for their endogenous EGF and EGFR mRNA expressions, cell growth rate, 3H-TdR incorporation rate, soft agar colony formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice. The results showed that there were noticeable inhibitions of cell growth, 3H-TdR incorporation rate, soft agar colony formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice in PC-7 / AS-EGF and PC-7 / AS-EGFR transformant cell lines. The endogenous EGF mRNA expression was blocked in PC-7 / AS-EGF cell line and the endogenous EGFR mRNA was significantly down-regulated in PC-7 / AS-EGFR cell line.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the prevalence,mechanisms,and trends of knockdown resistance(kdr)in Anopheles(An.)culicifacies and its impact on the efficacy of organochlorine and other insecticides.Methods:A systematic revi...Objective:To investigate the prevalence,mechanisms,and trends of knockdown resistance(kdr)in Anopheles(An.)culicifacies and its impact on the efficacy of organochlorine and other insecticides.Methods:A systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines,extracting data from biooan.org,Embase,ProQuest,PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science without a time limit until the end of 2022.Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed using the STROBE checklist.Data on kdr mutations,insecticide resistance,and effectiveness were analyzed across eight selected studies from various regions.Results:The review revealed widespread kdr-mediated resistance in An.culicifacies,primarily against dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane(DDT),persisting even decades after discontinued use.Key kdr mutations,including L1014F and L1014S,were identified.Resistance to deltamethrin was less stable,with increased sensitivity observed after short-term discontinuation.The findings underscore the vector's sustained resistance to organochlorine insecticides and relative sensitivity to pyrethroids.Conclusions:Stable kdr resistance in An.culicifacies to organochlorine insecticides highlights the need for periodic susceptibility assessments and strategic rotation or combination of insecticides to combat malaria effectively and prevent the development of resistance.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the association between diagnosis delays and mortality in patients with haemorrhagic fever in Upper Southern Thailand.Methods:A hospital-based case control study was conducted between December...Objective:To investigate the association between diagnosis delays and mortality in patients with haemorrhagic fever in Upper Southern Thailand.Methods:A hospital-based case control study was conducted between December 2019 and January 2020.Cases were defined as patients who had been diagnosed with haemorrhagic fever and died during hospitalization,while controls were patients with similar conditions who survived.Medical records were retrospectively reviewed,with the primary variable being a diagnosis delay of more than three days after the onset of illness.The outcome of interest was mortality during hospitalization.Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression.Results:A total of 38815 haemorrhagic fever cases were reported from 2014 to 2019.The case-to-control ratio was 1:3,comprising 66 cases and 198 controls.Among 66 cases and 198 controls,the median(IQR)time from illness onset to diagnosis was 4(4)days in cases vs.1(0)day in controls.Diagnosis delays significantly increased mortality risk[adjusted OR(aOR)5.60,95%CI 2.74-11.46].Other risk factors for mortality included age≤5 years(aOR 16.15,95%CI 3.70-70.42)and overweight status(aOR 3.43,95%CI 1.57-7.52).Conclusions:Delayed diagnosis in patients with haemorrhagic fever was strongly associated with higher mortality rates.These findings highlight the critical importance of early diagnosis to reduce mortality in haemorrhagic fever cases.展开更多
Paper and pulp mills generate substantial volumes of wastewater containing lignin-derived compounds that are challenging to degrade using conventional wastewater treatment methods.This study presents a novel biofilm-b...Paper and pulp mills generate substantial volumes of wastewater containing lignin-derived compounds that are challenging to degrade using conventional wastewater treatment methods.This study presents a novel biofilm-based process for enhanced lignin removal in wastewater using the fungus Neurospora discreta,which effectively degrades lignin and forms robust biofilms at the air–liquid interface under specific conditions.The process was optimised using the Taguchi design of experiments approach,and three factors including pH,copper sulphate concentration,and trace element concentration were evaluated at three levels.Experimental data were analysed against three responses:lignin degradation efficiency and the activities of two ligninolytic enzymes(polyphenol oxidase and versatile peroxidase).The results indicated that wastewater pH was the most significant parameter affecting lignin degradation efficiency and enzyme activities.Over 70%lignin degradation was achieved at pH levels of 5 and 6 with copper sulphate concentrations above 4 mg/L,while degradation efficiency drastically dropped to 45%at a pH value of 7.Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated the effects of the three factors on the polar and non-polar components of lignin in wastewater,revealing a clear decrease in all peak areas after treatment.Additionally,significant relationships were observed between biofilm properties(including porosity,water retention value,polysaccharide content,and protein content)and lignin removal efficiency.This study also reported for the first time the presence of versatile peroxidase,a ligninolytic enzyme,in Neurospora sp.展开更多
Laser processing technologies enable the precise fabrication of arbitrary structures and devices with broad applications in micro-optics,micro-mechanics,and biomedicine.However,its adoption is limited by the large siz...Laser processing technologies enable the precise fabrication of arbitrary structures and devices with broad applications in micro-optics,micro-mechanics,and biomedicine.However,its adoption is limited by the large size,complexity,high cost,and low flexibility of optical systems.Metasurfaces enable precise multidimensional control of light fields,aligning well with the development trend toward compact,high-performance optical systems.Here,we review several recent studies on the application of metasurfaces in laser processing technologies,including 3D nanolithography,direct laser writing,and laser cutting.Metasurfaces provide an integrated operational platform with exceptional performance,poised to disrupt conventional laser processing workflows.This combination presents significant cost efficiency and substantial development potential,with promising applications in areas such as imaging,optical storage,advanced sensing,and space on-orbit manufacturing.展开更多
Objective:Children below 14 years of age are highly vulnerable to dengue infection and are at a greater risk of developing severe dengue illness.This study aimed to investigate the trends in the burden of dengue fever...Objective:Children below 14 years of age are highly vulnerable to dengue infection and are at a greater risk of developing severe dengue illness.This study aimed to investigate the trends in the burden of dengue fever among children below 14 years of age in China from 1990 to 2021 and to project the disease burden from 2022 to 2035.Methods:Based on the datasets derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,the following data were collected from dengue-affected children aged ≤14 years in China from 1990 to 2021:number and rate of incident dengue cases,number of prevalent dengue cases,number of deaths due to dengue,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) lost due to dengue.The trends in disease burden were examined based on average annual percent change(AAPC) and annual percent change,and the burdens were proj ected from 2022 to 2035 by using a Bayesian age-period-cohort model.Results:The incidence and prevalence of dengue fever were increased in children aged ≤ 14 years in China from1990 to 2021(AAPC=5.42 % and 5.44 %,respectively,P <0.001),while the mortality and DALYs rates were reduced(AAPC=-8.21 % and-7.55 %,respectively,P <0.001).The burden was comparable between genders,with numerically lower incidence and prevalence in boys than in girls.The lowest incidence and prevalence and the highest mortality and DALYs rates were observed in children aged <5 years.The incidence and prevalence rates were projected to increase from 2022 to 2035;in contrast,the mortality and DALYs rates were projected to decrease during this period.Conclusions:Although the mortality and DALYs rates of dengue fever decreased significantly in children aged0-14 years in China from 1990 to 2021,the incidence and prevalence increased remarkably.Enhanced surveillance and ample health education programs and preventive interventions are recommended for targeting this high-risk population.展开更多
Dentisphaera Páll-Gergely&Jochum,2017 is a troglobitic land snails genus known to harbour only one species found in a single cave in North Vietnam.Based on recently collected specimens from China,three specie...Dentisphaera Páll-Gergely&Jochum,2017 is a troglobitic land snails genus known to harbour only one species found in a single cave in North Vietnam.Based on recently collected specimens from China,three species,Dentisphaera lagredeae Chen,Grego&Páll-Gergely,sp.nov.,Dentisphaera shzha Chen,Grego&Páll-Gergely,sp.nov.and Dentisphaera zhoui Chen,Lin&Páll-Gergely,sp.nov.are introduced as new to science.The distribution range of Dentisphaera is extended based on the collecting records of these new species.展开更多
Background and objectives:The ongoing mpox outbreaks have garnered significant attention due to their public health implications,particularly the potential mental health impacts.Despite the growing concern,there has b...Background and objectives:The ongoing mpox outbreaks have garnered significant attention due to their public health implications,particularly the potential mental health impacts.Despite the growing concern,there has been limited exploration of the intersection between mpox and mental health within the research literature.This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to examine global research trends,regional distribution,and thematic focus areas related to mpox's psychological and psychiatric implications.Methods:We conducted a bibliometric analysis using Scopus and the Web of Science database.The analysis was carried out using the R-bibliometrics package and involved identifying literature on mpox and mental health,focusing on global research trends,regional distribution,and thematic areas of study.The analysis included 416 documents obtained from 295 sources from January 1,2014 to August 27,2024.Results:Our analysis revealed a growing but unevenly distributed literature on mpox and mental health.Most studies concentrated on the relationship between mpox and conditions such as depression and anxiety,while other psychiatric outcomes remain underexplored.The geographic distribution of research was also uneven,with regions like Europe and the Americas receiving more focus than others.Conclusions:The study highlights the need for more targeted research on the mental health sequelae of mpox,particularly for vulnerable populations and regions that are currently underrepresented in the literature.Future research should include longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of mpox on mental health and the development of robust methodologies to establish causality.Integrating mental health considerations into public health responses to mpox outbreaks is crucial,with significant implications for research,policy,and clinical practice.展开更多
Birch mice(family Sicistidae)are small dipodoid rodents distributed in regions surrounding the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and extending across the Palearctic.In China,members of the genus Sicista are rarely recorded,and t...Birch mice(family Sicistidae)are small dipodoid rodents distributed in regions surrounding the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and extending across the Palearctic.In China,members of the genus Sicista are rarely recorded,and their systematics remain poorly resolved.As part of the Second Xizang Plateau Expedition by the Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,systematic surveys conducted in southern Xizang and the western Tianshan Mountains yielded two previously unrecognized species.Two specimens from southern Xizang were found to occupy a deeply divergent phylogenetic position within Sicistidae.Morphological assessments and molecular phylogenetic analyses of both extant and fossil Sicistidae,along with total-evidence dating and ancestral distribution reconstruction,identified these specimens as representatives of an ancient extant lineage that diverged from Sicista approximately 20.38 million years ago.This lineage is designated as a new genus,defined by the new species Breviforamen shannanensis gen.et sp.nov.Furthermore,11 specimens from the Tianshan Mountains are described as a second new species,Sicista brevicauda sp.nov.,based on diagnostic morphological and genetic features.Ancestral distribution reconstructions,combined with fossil records,indicate an early Miocene origin for Sicistidae across a broad region spanning the“Gobi”Desert to parts of North America.Climatic deterioration and increasing desertification during the mid-Miocene likely drove southward dispersal of Breviforamen gen.nov.into southern Xizang prior to the complete formation of the Yarlung Zangbo River.Overall,these findings broaden current understanding of Sicistidae diversity,elucidate the origin and dispersal patterns of the family,and highlight the presence of an ancient relict lineage in China.展开更多
Object imaging beyond the direct line of sight is significant for applications in robotic vision,remote sensing,autonomous driving,and many other areas.Reconstruction of a non-line-of-sight(NLOS)screen is a complex in...Object imaging beyond the direct line of sight is significant for applications in robotic vision,remote sensing,autonomous driving,and many other areas.Reconstruction of a non-line-of-sight(NLOS)screen is a complex inverse problem that comes with ultrafast time-resolved imager requirements and substantial computational demands to extract information from the multi-bounce scattered light.Consequently,the echo signal always suffers from serious deterioration in both intensity and shape,leading to limited resolution and image contrast.Here,we propose a concept of vectorial digitelligent optics for high-resolution NLOS imaging to cancel the wall’s scattering and refocus the light onto hidden targets for enhanced echo.In this approach,the polarization and wavefront of the laser spot are intelligently optimized via a feedback algorithm to form a near-perfect focusing pattern through a random scattering wall.By raster scanning the focusing spot across the object’s surface within the optical-memory-effect range of the wall,we obtain nearly diffraction-limited NLOS imaging with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio.Our experimental results demonstrate a resolution of 0.40 mm at a distance of 0.35 m,reaching the diffraction limit of the system.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible for various complex NLOS scenarios.Our methods may open an avenue for active imaging,communication,and laser wireless power transfer.展开更多
文摘Malaria is a main vector-borne public health problem in Iran.The last studies on Iranian mosquitoes show 31 Anopheles species including different sibling species and genotypes,eight of them are reported to play role in malaria transmission.The objective of this study is to provide a reference for malaria vectors of Iran and to map their spatial and temporal distribution in different climatic zones.Shape files of administrative boundaries and climates of Iran were provided by National Cartographic Center.Data on distribution and seasonal activity of malaria vectors were obtained from different sources and a databank in district level was created in Excel 2003, inserted to the shape files and analyzed by ArcGIS 9.2 to provide the maps.Anopheles culicifacies Giles s.l.,Anopheles dthali Patton,Anopheles fluviatilis James s.L,Anopheles maculipennis Meigen s.L,Anopheles sacharovi Favre,Anopheles stephensi IJston,and Anopheles superpictus Grassi have been introduced as primary and secondary malaria vectors and Anopheles puicherrimus Theobald as a suspected vector in Iran.Temporal distribution of anopheline mosquitoes is restricted to April_December in northern Iran,however mosquitoes can be found during the year in southern region.Spatial distribution of malaria vectors is different based on species,thus six of them(except for Anopheles maculipennis s.l.and Anopheles sacharovi) are reported from endemic malarious area in southern and southeastern areas of Iran.The climate of this part is usually warm and humid,which makes it favorable for mosquito rearing and malaria transmission.Correlation between climate conditions and vector distribution can help to predict the potential range of activity for each species and preparedness for malaria epidemics.
基金Funded by a grant from Universiti Sains Malaysia(Grant No.1001/PBIOLOGI/811277)
文摘Objective: To determine abundance, distribution and diversity of potential breeding container habitats of the dengue vectors in public places including schools, restaurants,mosques and parks in southwest areas of Penang Island, Malaysia.Methods: Premises at restaurants, schools, parks and mosques were surveyed simultaneously and inspected visually for container habitats and production of immature mosquitoes from March 2015 to March 2016. Abundance(mean ± SE) of breeding containers between sites was compared using One-way ANOVA. Independent sample ttest was used to compare total number of Aedes albopictus(Ae. albopictus) and Aedes aegypti(Ae. aegypti) surveyed.Results: The surveyed locations yielded a total of 3 741 breeding containers and 19 537 immature mosquitoes from four areas. Concurrent artificial and natural containers produced 78.4% immature Ae. albopictus and 6.3% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in wet season,with 14.2% Ae. albopictus and 1.1% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in dry season. Artificial containers accounted for 98.1% of the total containers recorded, with restaurants being the most productive locations(8 012) and schools being the least productive(2 234).Conclusions: It was concluded that public places are good sources of potential container habitats of Aedes mosquitoes in Penang Island, Malaysia and Ae. albopictus has exclusively replaced the home-grown Ae. aegypti even in urban areas. Therefore, treatment of artificial containers in such locations is critical in Aedes mosquito control campaigns during dengue outbreaks.
基金funded and supported by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences(Project Number:31437)
文摘Objective:To determine spatial distribution of sand flies(Diptera:Psychodidae;Larroussius group),the vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil province,Northwest of Iran.Methods:Sand flies were collected using sticky traps from the 30 selected points in Ardabil province,during May-November 2017.The MaxEnt model in GIS software was used for modeling.Results:A total of 2794 specimens of sand flies were collected,of which 33%were Larroussius subgenus sand flies.Phlebotomus kandelakii and Phlebotomus wenyoni were the highest and lowest collected species respectively.Based on the modeling,four areas in the province were identified with more than 70%probability of the presence of Larroussius group vectors which were at risk of visceral leishmaniasis disease transmission.Conclusions:The distribution of Larroussius subgenus sand flies was observed in all parts of Ardabil.But the northern parts of the province(Germi and Bilesavar counties)as well as central part(Ardabil and Meshkinshahr counties)were of great importance in terms of the presence of Larroussius subgenus sand flies and the possibility of transmission of the visceral leishmaniasis.
基金Supported by USM Research University Grant(1001/PBIOLOGI/815079)Ministry of Higher Education Commission,Malaysia(MOHE)
文摘Objective: To explore the larvicidal activities of different plant parts of Melanochyla fasciculiflora(M. fasciculiflora), Gluta renghas(G. renghas), Anacardium occidentale and Mangifera indica from family Anacardiaceae against the laboratory and field strains of dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus(Ae. albopictus).Methods: Leaves and bark parts of study plants were collected from Taman Nageri,Bukit Pancor and Teluk Bahang National Park, Penang, Malaysia. Leaves and stem barks were separated, air dried, ground and extracted with methanol by Soxhlet apparatus.Crude extract was obtained by evaporating the extra solvent in rotary evaporator. The 4th instar larvae from laboratory and field strains were exposed to 50–1 300 mg/L concentrations according to World Health Organization standard larval bioassay. Larval mortality was recorded after 24 h of exposure.Results: Highest larvicidal activity was exhibited by G. renghas bark extract against Ae.albopictus laboratory strain at 600 mg/L. G. renghas also showed the highest larvicidal activities for other strains as compared to other plant extracts, followed by Mangifera indica and M. fasciculiflora and Anacardium occidentale.Conclusions: Ae. albopictus has been found to be more susceptible as compare to Aedes aegypti in both laboratory and field strains in this study. G. renghas and M. fasciculiflora were tested for the first time and exhibited prompting larvicidal activities against dengue vectors. These results revealed that all the plants especially G. renghas and M. fasciculiflora have the higher larvicidal activities and can be used for the control of dengue vector as a new environment friendly, target specific and low cost phytochemical.
基金financially supported by Univeresiry Grants Commission. New Post Doctoral Fellowship(2009-2011)the University Grants Conuuission, New Delhi of Major Research Projcct for the financial support 2010-2012 to DST-FIST program (2003-2008)for providing laboratory facilities. G.Singh is indebted to UGC, New Delhi, for an award of Post Doctoral Fellowship (2009-2011)
文摘Objective:To investigate lethal effect of culture filtrates of Streptomyces citreofluorescens （S.citreofluorescens） against Anopheles stephensi（An.stephensi）,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx. quinquefasciatus）,and Aedes aegypti（Ae.aegypti） larvae vectors for malaria,filarial and dengue. Methods:The culture filtrates obtained from S.cilreofluorescens 2528 was grown in Potato Dextrose Broth（PDB）,filtrated and used for the bioassay after a growth of 15 days.Results:The results demonstrated that the An.stephensi shows mortalities with LC<sub>50</sub>,LG<sub>40</sub> values of first instar 46.8μL/mL,79.5μL/mL,second instar 79.0μL/mL,95.6μL/mL,third instar 79.0μL/mL,136.9μL/mL,and fourth instar 122.6μL/mL,174.5μL/mL Whereas,The Cx.quinquefasciatus were found effective on first instar 40.0μL/mL,138.03μL/mL,second instar 80.0μL/ml,181.97μL/ mL,third instar 100.0μL/mL,309.2μL/mL,and fourth instar 60.0μL/ml,169.82μL/mL.The Ae.aegypti were successfully achieved susceptible with higher concentrations in comparisons of An.stephensi and Cx.quinquefasciatus larvae.These outcomes of the investigations have compared with the Chitinase of Streptomyces griseus（S.griseus） C6137 that shows 90%-95% mortality.Conclusions:These new findings significantly permitted that the culture filtrates of S. citreofluorescens can be used as bacterial larvicides.This is an environmentally safe approach to control the vectors of malaria,dengue and filariasis of tropical areas.
基金sponsored financially by Ardabil University of Medical Sciences at No.92218
文摘Objective: To determine the spatial distribution and infection rate of sand flies as vectors of Leishmania parasite in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sand flies were collected from 30 areas in all 10 districts of Ardabil province during 2017. The specimens were caught using the sticky traps. The head and genitalia of sand flies were separated and mounted in Berlese solution for microscopic identification. The Geographical Information System ArcMap10.4.1 software was used to provide the spatial maps. Results: A total of 2 794 sand flies specimens were collected and 22 species of sand flies were identified from the two genera: Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia from Ardabil province. The highest frequency was found in Phlebotomus papatasi(23.7%) followed by Phlebotomus kandelakii(13.0%). The promastigote form of Leishmania infantum parasite has been reported from the three main vectors of visceral leishmaniasis(Phlebotomus kandelakii, Phlebotomus perfiliewi and Phlebotomus tobbi) from Ardabil province, where the spatial distribution map of these visceral leishmaniasis vectors was prepared. Some important species of sand flies such as Phlebotomus kandelakii, Phlebotomus perfiliewi and Phlebotomus tobbi were reported and identified as main and probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil. Conclusions: According to the Geographic Information System based maps, the frequency of the sand flies as leishmaniasis vectors, the leishmania parasite infection rate and the prevalence of the disease in the central areas of Ardabil province are higher than in other areas in Ardabil province.
文摘This paper summarises efforts to control Sleeping sickness [Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)] by Tsetse flies and Trypanosomiaisis (T & T) control for the 7 consecutive years although started a decade ago in Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA). These efforts are critical for curbing HAT incidences and HAT epidemics. HAT cases have had profound negative impacts on human health, affecting local residents and international travel as well as tourism industry resulting into human and animal health burden and reduction in tourism income. Understanding the current efforts is essential in the proper planning and decision making on developing effective control strategy against T & T control. In this paper, we summarize the recent efforts in the control of T & T in National Parks and discuss the constraints faced. The information will enable TANAPA and other concerned authorities to make informed decision on optimal ways of controlling HAT in National Parks. The results show that much control efforts have so far concentrated in Serengeti, Ruaha, Tarangire and Katavi National Parks where tsetse fly challenges are high. A total 21,143 (average 3020) Insecticide Treated Targets (ITT) were deployed in different areas in the parks and 82,899 (average 20,725) cars entering these parks were sprayed from 2007/2008 to 2014/2015 and 2007/2008 to 2010/2011 respectively. Deployed ITTs lead to a drastic reduction of FTDs of the two dominant tsetse species to 1.3 and 1.4 of G. swynnertoni and G. pallidipes respectively, and the decline was significant at P = 0.011. The major challenges faced include tsetse re-invasion in controlled areas;resurgence of HAT cases when control efforts are relaxed, ITT maintenance and inadequate health education programs. The control strategy should be continuous and scaled up as failure to implement an effective and sustainable system for HAT control will increase the risk of new epidemic that would impede tourism development.
基金a specific grant from National Institute for Medical Research Development,Iran(Grand No.940947)the National Institute for Medical Research Development ethics committee(IR.NIMAD.REC.1394.940947)
文摘Dear Editor,Arthropod-borne viruses are a group of the most important emerging pathogens.They cause a range of diseases in vertebrate hosts and threaten human health(Gan and Leo,2014).The global distribution of arboviruses is associated with the vector which is strongly affected by changes in environmental conditions.
基金funded by the Public Project(20080219)of the Ministry of Science and Technology,PRC
文摘It is important to understand the dynamics of malaria vectors in implementing malaria control strategies.Six villages were selected from different sections in the Three Gorges Reservoir fc,r exploring the relationship between the climatic|:actors and its malaria vector density from 1997 to 2007 using the auto-regressive linear model regressi^n method.The result indicated that both temperature and precipitation were better modeled as quadratic rather than linearly related to the density of Anopheles sinensis.
基金the financial support of this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82072309,22067019 and 22367023)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province(No.202402AE090006)+3 种基金the Project of Yunnan Characteristic Plant Screening and R&D Service CXO Platform(No.2022YKZY001)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department Yunnan University Joint Special Project(No.202201BF070001-001)the Postgraduate Research Innovation Foundation of Yunnan University(No.KC-23234403)the Scientific Research Foundation Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(No.2023Y0240)。
文摘PBQ[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea],an enormous potent molluscicide,showed excellent Pomacea canaliculata(P.canaliculata)control activity and low toxicity for other aquatic organisms,but its snail-killing mechanisms are still not fully understood.We employed an optical method to elucidate PBQ action via a novel fluorescent viscosity probe,NCV.As the viscosity in the test solutions increased,compared with that in pure ethanol,a 54-fold fluorescence intensity enhancement of NCV was observed in 310 cP of 90%glycerol.Furthermore,NCV successfully exhibited a selective fluorescence response towards monensin-induced cellular viscosity changes in HepG2 cells.The liver,stomach,and foot plantar of the tested snails were frozen and sectioned for fluorescent imaging experiments after the treatment with different PBQ concentrations over various times.A significant fluorescent increase in the snail's liver was observed upon exposure to 0.75 mg/L PBQ for 72 h,which highlighted an increase in viscosity.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining further supported PBQ-induced liver damage with a viscosity increase in P.canaliculata.Our study provides a new rapid optical visualization method to study the killing mechanisms of PBQ and may help discover new chemicals that control snail populations.
文摘A 150 bp epidermal growth factor (EGF) cDNA fragment and a 1024 bp epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cDNA fragment were inserted into 5.05 kb pBabe-puro retroviral vectors between BamH I and EcoR I sites in 3'-5' and / or 5'-3' orientation. The vectors were ligated with EGF and EGFR fragments by T-4 Ligase. The recombinant retroviral vectors were then packaged with packaging cell line PA317 through calcium phosphate mediated transfection. The viral supernatant of transfected PA317 cell lines were used to infect the human pancreatic carcinoma cell line PC-7. The resultant transformant cell lines: PC-7 / AS-EGF, PC-7 / S-EGFR, PC-7 / AS-EGFR and PC-7 / pBabe were tested for their endogenous EGF and EGFR mRNA expressions, cell growth rate, 3H-TdR incorporation rate, soft agar colony formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice. The results showed that there were noticeable inhibitions of cell growth, 3H-TdR incorporation rate, soft agar colony formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice in PC-7 / AS-EGF and PC-7 / AS-EGFR transformant cell lines. The endogenous EGF mRNA expression was blocked in PC-7 / AS-EGF cell line and the endogenous EGFR mRNA was significantly down-regulated in PC-7 / AS-EGFR cell line.
文摘Objective:To investigate the prevalence,mechanisms,and trends of knockdown resistance(kdr)in Anopheles(An.)culicifacies and its impact on the efficacy of organochlorine and other insecticides.Methods:A systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines,extracting data from biooan.org,Embase,ProQuest,PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science without a time limit until the end of 2022.Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed using the STROBE checklist.Data on kdr mutations,insecticide resistance,and effectiveness were analyzed across eight selected studies from various regions.Results:The review revealed widespread kdr-mediated resistance in An.culicifacies,primarily against dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane(DDT),persisting even decades after discontinued use.Key kdr mutations,including L1014F and L1014S,were identified.Resistance to deltamethrin was less stable,with increased sensitivity observed after short-term discontinuation.The findings underscore the vector's sustained resistance to organochlorine insecticides and relative sensitivity to pyrethroids.Conclusions:Stable kdr resistance in An.culicifacies to organochlorine insecticides highlights the need for periodic susceptibility assessments and strategic rotation or combination of insecticides to combat malaria effectively and prevent the development of resistance.
文摘Objective:To investigate the association between diagnosis delays and mortality in patients with haemorrhagic fever in Upper Southern Thailand.Methods:A hospital-based case control study was conducted between December 2019 and January 2020.Cases were defined as patients who had been diagnosed with haemorrhagic fever and died during hospitalization,while controls were patients with similar conditions who survived.Medical records were retrospectively reviewed,with the primary variable being a diagnosis delay of more than three days after the onset of illness.The outcome of interest was mortality during hospitalization.Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression.Results:A total of 38815 haemorrhagic fever cases were reported from 2014 to 2019.The case-to-control ratio was 1:3,comprising 66 cases and 198 controls.Among 66 cases and 198 controls,the median(IQR)time from illness onset to diagnosis was 4(4)days in cases vs.1(0)day in controls.Diagnosis delays significantly increased mortality risk[adjusted OR(aOR)5.60,95%CI 2.74-11.46].Other risk factors for mortality included age≤5 years(aOR 16.15,95%CI 3.70-70.42)and overweight status(aOR 3.43,95%CI 1.57-7.52).Conclusions:Delayed diagnosis in patients with haemorrhagic fever was strongly associated with higher mortality rates.These findings highlight the critical importance of early diagnosis to reduce mortality in haemorrhagic fever cases.
基金supported by the Leverhulme Trust Research Project(Grant No.RPG-2020-021).
文摘Paper and pulp mills generate substantial volumes of wastewater containing lignin-derived compounds that are challenging to degrade using conventional wastewater treatment methods.This study presents a novel biofilm-based process for enhanced lignin removal in wastewater using the fungus Neurospora discreta,which effectively degrades lignin and forms robust biofilms at the air–liquid interface under specific conditions.The process was optimised using the Taguchi design of experiments approach,and three factors including pH,copper sulphate concentration,and trace element concentration were evaluated at three levels.Experimental data were analysed against three responses:lignin degradation efficiency and the activities of two ligninolytic enzymes(polyphenol oxidase and versatile peroxidase).The results indicated that wastewater pH was the most significant parameter affecting lignin degradation efficiency and enzyme activities.Over 70%lignin degradation was achieved at pH levels of 5 and 6 with copper sulphate concentrations above 4 mg/L,while degradation efficiency drastically dropped to 45%at a pH value of 7.Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated the effects of the three factors on the polar and non-polar components of lignin in wastewater,revealing a clear decrease in all peak areas after treatment.Additionally,significant relationships were observed between biofilm properties(including porosity,water retention value,polysaccharide content,and protein content)and lignin removal efficiency.This study also reported for the first time the presence of versatile peroxidase,a ligninolytic enzyme,in Neurospora sp.
文摘Laser processing technologies enable the precise fabrication of arbitrary structures and devices with broad applications in micro-optics,micro-mechanics,and biomedicine.However,its adoption is limited by the large size,complexity,high cost,and low flexibility of optical systems.Metasurfaces enable precise multidimensional control of light fields,aligning well with the development trend toward compact,high-performance optical systems.Here,we review several recent studies on the application of metasurfaces in laser processing technologies,including 3D nanolithography,direct laser writing,and laser cutting.Metasurfaces provide an integrated operational platform with exceptional performance,poised to disrupt conventional laser processing workflows.This combination presents significant cost efficiency and substantial development potential,with promising applications in areas such as imaging,optical storage,advanced sensing,and space on-orbit manufacturing.
基金the Military Program for Clinical Cultivation Specialty and Chinese Preventive Medicine Association.
文摘Objective:Children below 14 years of age are highly vulnerable to dengue infection and are at a greater risk of developing severe dengue illness.This study aimed to investigate the trends in the burden of dengue fever among children below 14 years of age in China from 1990 to 2021 and to project the disease burden from 2022 to 2035.Methods:Based on the datasets derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,the following data were collected from dengue-affected children aged ≤14 years in China from 1990 to 2021:number and rate of incident dengue cases,number of prevalent dengue cases,number of deaths due to dengue,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) lost due to dengue.The trends in disease burden were examined based on average annual percent change(AAPC) and annual percent change,and the burdens were proj ected from 2022 to 2035 by using a Bayesian age-period-cohort model.Results:The incidence and prevalence of dengue fever were increased in children aged ≤ 14 years in China from1990 to 2021(AAPC=5.42 % and 5.44 %,respectively,P <0.001),while the mortality and DALYs rates were reduced(AAPC=-8.21 % and-7.55 %,respectively,P <0.001).The burden was comparable between genders,with numerically lower incidence and prevalence in boys than in girls.The lowest incidence and prevalence and the highest mortality and DALYs rates were observed in children aged <5 years.The incidence and prevalence rates were projected to increase from 2022 to 2035;in contrast,the mortality and DALYs rates were projected to decrease during this period.Conclusions:Although the mortality and DALYs rates of dengue fever decreased significantly in children aged0-14 years in China from 1990 to 2021,the incidence and prevalence increased remarkably.Enhanced surveillance and ample health education programs and preventive interventions are recommended for targeting this high-risk population.
基金funded by research grants from the Malacological Society of London and the Melbourne Research Scholarship for ZYCthe Hungarian Research Fund(OTKA FK 135262)the Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences for BPG。
文摘Dentisphaera Páll-Gergely&Jochum,2017 is a troglobitic land snails genus known to harbour only one species found in a single cave in North Vietnam.Based on recently collected specimens from China,three species,Dentisphaera lagredeae Chen,Grego&Páll-Gergely,sp.nov.,Dentisphaera shzha Chen,Grego&Páll-Gergely,sp.nov.and Dentisphaera zhoui Chen,Lin&Páll-Gergely,sp.nov.are introduced as new to science.The distribution range of Dentisphaera is extended based on the collecting records of these new species.
文摘Background and objectives:The ongoing mpox outbreaks have garnered significant attention due to their public health implications,particularly the potential mental health impacts.Despite the growing concern,there has been limited exploration of the intersection between mpox and mental health within the research literature.This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to examine global research trends,regional distribution,and thematic focus areas related to mpox's psychological and psychiatric implications.Methods:We conducted a bibliometric analysis using Scopus and the Web of Science database.The analysis was carried out using the R-bibliometrics package and involved identifying literature on mpox and mental health,focusing on global research trends,regional distribution,and thematic areas of study.The analysis included 416 documents obtained from 295 sources from January 1,2014 to August 27,2024.Results:Our analysis revealed a growing but unevenly distributed literature on mpox and mental health.Most studies concentrated on the relationship between mpox and conditions such as depression and anxiety,while other psychiatric outcomes remain underexplored.The geographic distribution of research was also uneven,with regions like Europe and the Americas receiving more focus than others.Conclusions:The study highlights the need for more targeted research on the mental health sequelae of mpox,particularly for vulnerable populations and regions that are currently underrepresented in the literature.Future research should include longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of mpox on mental health and the development of robust methodologies to establish causality.Integrating mental health considerations into public health responses to mpox outbreaks is crucial,with significant implications for research,policy,and clinical practice.
基金supported by the Second Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2024QZKK0200,2019QZKK05010100)Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Xizang(ZL202203601,ZL202303601)。
文摘Birch mice(family Sicistidae)are small dipodoid rodents distributed in regions surrounding the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and extending across the Palearctic.In China,members of the genus Sicista are rarely recorded,and their systematics remain poorly resolved.As part of the Second Xizang Plateau Expedition by the Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,systematic surveys conducted in southern Xizang and the western Tianshan Mountains yielded two previously unrecognized species.Two specimens from southern Xizang were found to occupy a deeply divergent phylogenetic position within Sicistidae.Morphological assessments and molecular phylogenetic analyses of both extant and fossil Sicistidae,along with total-evidence dating and ancestral distribution reconstruction,identified these specimens as representatives of an ancient extant lineage that diverged from Sicista approximately 20.38 million years ago.This lineage is designated as a new genus,defined by the new species Breviforamen shannanensis gen.et sp.nov.Furthermore,11 specimens from the Tianshan Mountains are described as a second new species,Sicista brevicauda sp.nov.,based on diagnostic morphological and genetic features.Ancestral distribution reconstructions,combined with fossil records,indicate an early Miocene origin for Sicistidae across a broad region spanning the“Gobi”Desert to parts of North America.Climatic deterioration and increasing desertification during the mid-Miocene likely drove southward dispersal of Breviforamen gen.nov.into southern Xizang prior to the complete formation of the Yarlung Zangbo River.Overall,these findings broaden current understanding of Sicistidae diversity,elucidate the origin and dispersal patterns of the family,and highlight the presence of an ancient relict lineage in China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2805800 and 2021YFA1401003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62222513).
文摘Object imaging beyond the direct line of sight is significant for applications in robotic vision,remote sensing,autonomous driving,and many other areas.Reconstruction of a non-line-of-sight(NLOS)screen is a complex inverse problem that comes with ultrafast time-resolved imager requirements and substantial computational demands to extract information from the multi-bounce scattered light.Consequently,the echo signal always suffers from serious deterioration in both intensity and shape,leading to limited resolution and image contrast.Here,we propose a concept of vectorial digitelligent optics for high-resolution NLOS imaging to cancel the wall’s scattering and refocus the light onto hidden targets for enhanced echo.In this approach,the polarization and wavefront of the laser spot are intelligently optimized via a feedback algorithm to form a near-perfect focusing pattern through a random scattering wall.By raster scanning the focusing spot across the object’s surface within the optical-memory-effect range of the wall,we obtain nearly diffraction-limited NLOS imaging with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio.Our experimental results demonstrate a resolution of 0.40 mm at a distance of 0.35 m,reaching the diffraction limit of the system.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible for various complex NLOS scenarios.Our methods may open an avenue for active imaging,communication,and laser wireless power transfer.
