The gap between the projected urban areas in the current trend(UAC)and those in the sustainable scenario(UAS)is a critical factor in understanding whether cities can fulfill the requirements of sustainable development...The gap between the projected urban areas in the current trend(UAC)and those in the sustainable scenario(UAS)is a critical factor in understanding whether cities can fulfill the requirements of sustainable development.However,there is a paucity of knowledge on this cutting-edge topic.Given the extensive and rapid urbanization in the United States(U.S.)over the past two centuries,accurately measuring this gap between UAS and UAC is of critical importance for advancing future sustainable urban development,as well as having significant global implications.This study finds that although the 740 U.S.cities have a large UAC in 2100,these cities will encom pass a significant gap from UAC to UAS(approximately 165,000 km2),accounting for 30%UAC at that time.The study also reveals the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the gap.The gap initially increases before reaching a inflection point in 2090,and it disparates greatly from−100%to 240%at city level.While cities in the Northwestern U.S.maintain UAC that exceeds UAS from 2020 to 2100,cities in other regions shift from UAC that exceeds UAS to UAC that falls short of UAS.Filling the gap without additional urban growth planning could lead to a reduction of crop production ranging from 0.3%to 3%and a 0.68%loss of biomass.Hence,dynamic and forward-looking urban planning is essential for addressing the challenges of sustainable development posed by urbanization,both within the U.S.and globally.展开更多
To adapt to national climate change strategies,understanding the thermal vulnerability of urban functional zones(UFZs)is critical for enhancing the livability and sustainable development of cities.We address the limit...To adapt to national climate change strategies,understanding the thermal vulnerability of urban functional zones(UFZs)is critical for enhancing the livability and sustainable development of cities.We address the limitations of existing thermal vulnerability assessments by incorporating human perception into the analysis.Specifically,we introduce the sky openness index to reflect human perception of the thermal environment and examine variations in thermal vulnerability across different UFZs.Using the Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)-SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)model,we analyze the contributions of 2D and 3D urban form indicators to thermal vulnerability and link these contributions to the unique needs and vulnerability characteristics of UFZs of Foshan City,China in 2023.The results reveal that:1)high-value heat-fragile areas(1.74–2.00]constitute 10.42%of Foshan City;2)traffic zone and publiccommercial zone exhibit the highest levels of thermal vulnerability;and 3)building height and the normalized building index are the most influential factors,with contributions of|0.06|and|0.03|,respectively.We provide a scientific foundation for developing governance strategies to promote urban resilience.展开更多
In light of the swift advancement of China’s domestic social economy,the sustainable development of urban areas,the restoration of urban cultural contexts,the activation of urban cultural gene and space,and the progr...In light of the swift advancement of China’s domestic social economy,the sustainable development of urban areas,the restoration of urban cultural contexts,the activation of urban cultural gene and space,and the progression of cities towards renewal,innovation,and development are inextricably linked to the evolution of urban culture.This encompasses the development of urban cultural ecology,urban cultural spaces,and the enhancement of urban cultural soft power.Furthermore,international cultural exchanges,interactions,and trade can significantly contribute to the advancement of urban culture.The physical manifestation of urban culture is represented by urban historical heritage space.A comprehensive integration,analysis,and synthesis of various literatures concerning urban historical heritage spaces reveal that the cultural value of these spaces is intrinsically linked to urban culture.Additionally,the revitalization strategies for urban historical heritage space are evident in the propaganda,activation,and cultivation of urban culture.展开更多
Digital transformation,as a recent trend in socioeconomic development,is considered as a critical pathway for urban carbon reduction because of its potential to increase productivity and energy efficiency.However,few ...Digital transformation,as a recent trend in socioeconomic development,is considered as a critical pathway for urban carbon reduction because of its potential to increase productivity and energy efficiency.However,few studies have explored the relationship between urban digitalization and carbon emissions(CE).Therefore,this study systematically analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution and interaction mechanism between digitalization and CE in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)urban agglomerations of China during 2006-2020 based on a multidimensional indicator system,including digitalization industry level,digitalization application level,and urban green digitalization willingness.The findings revealed that both digitalization and CE in the YRD exhibit a significant and synchronously evolving“core-periphery”spatial pattern.Core cities generated substantial positive spillover effect on periphery cities through technology diffusion and policy demonstration,advancing both regional digitalization and the collaborative governance of CE.However,digitalization had dual impact on CE.On the one hand,it promoted the reduction of CE by enhancing energy efficiency,optimizing industrial structures,and promoting the application of green technologies.On the other hand,the expansion of digital infrastructure introduced a potential risk of increased energy consumption.Therefore,targeted policy recommendations are proposed to facilitate the coordination of environmental sustainability and digitalization in the YRD.This study provides empirical support and policy insights for advancing the coordinated development of regional digital transformation and green low-carbon initiatives.展开更多
Farmland transfer is an important land policy for reducing agricultural fragmentation and improving land use efficiency.Many studies have investigated the driving forces of farmland transfer at the farmers’scale.Howe...Farmland transfer is an important land policy for reducing agricultural fragmentation and improving land use efficiency.Many studies have investigated the driving forces of farmland transfer at the farmers’scale.However,the overall spatial distribution and driving mechanisms of farmland transfer at the county scale has been less quantified.In this study,we evaluated farmland transfer and its spatial pattern in Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration(CYUA)of China by using statistical data at the county scale in 2020.A so-cial-ecological indicator system,comprising natural endowment,social indicators,economic indicators,and landscape patterns,was es-tablished to explore the relationship between farmland transfer and its driving factors.Additionally,a heuristic structural equation mod-el(SEM)was employed to disentangle direct and indirect drivers of farmland transfer.The results indicated that significant spatial clusters of farmland transfer,with high transfer rates concentrated in highly urbanized areas and low transfer rates prevalent in tradition-al ethnic minority regions.Farmland transfer is primarily driven by soil quality,landscape patterns,terrain,and social-economic rurality.Specifically,higher soil quality and improved landscape connectivity facilitate farmland transfer directly,while gentler slopes promote farmland transfer indirectly by supporting better educational opportunities and fewer minority population.Improving rural vocational training and optimizing landscape patterns through land consolidation and redistribution are important in the mountainous areas.This study can provide valuable analytical framework for farmland management for other mountainous regions.展开更多
In the context of current global warming,understanding urban thermal resilience(UTR)dynamics across dif-ferent climatic zones is crucial.This study aims to examine the complex interactions among urban morphology,green...In the context of current global warming,understanding urban thermal resilience(UTR)dynamics across dif-ferent climatic zones is crucial.This study aims to examine the complex interactions among urban morphology,green-blue infrastructure,and climate factors affecting UTR.Moving beyond traditional methods that compare urban and rural thermal differences,our research innovatively measures UTR by evaluating urban disturbances caused by extreme thermal events.To improve accuracy and reliability,we utilize an AI-powered Monte Carlo Simulation framework.Our findings emphasize the critical role of blue-green spaces in boosting UTR,whereas urban morphology often has a suppressive impact.Additionally,atmospheric humidity is identified as a critical factor affecting UTR.The study interestingly finds varied climatic responses:dense urban areas enhance resilience in arid and cold regions but reduce it in tropical and temperate zones.These findings highlight the need for a balance between sustainable urban living and infrastructure development.展开更多
Surface space constraints and the associated massive carbon emissions present significant challenges to the sustainable development of megacities.Urban underground space(UUS)construction is expected to provide a pract...Surface space constraints and the associated massive carbon emissions present significant challenges to the sustainable development of megacities.Urban underground space(UUS)construction is expected to provide a practical approach for alleviating the space constraints of surface construction.However,indepth examinations of the overall UUS system to reveal carbon emissions in the complex matrix are lacking.This study demonstrates the vital role of UUS development in achieving carbon neutrality using a streamlined life-cycle assessment method.Carbon emissions and the mitigation potential of building underground spaces,metro systems,and geothermal energy sources are analyzed.The construction of underground spaces in buildings is the largest carbon emitter within the entire UUS system,releasing a considerable 547.2 Mt in 2020.However,geothermal carbon sequestration,a significant element of the UUS system,provided an unexpected and impressive contribution,sequestering 170 Mt of carbon in 2020.This study shows that UUS addresses the lack of space for urban development and is a lowcarbon method of urban construction.Therefore,developing low-carbon building technologies and improving the UUS development model is imperative to achieving better low-carbon balance.This helps to promote more coordinated and sustainable urban development.展开更多
Urban expansion is a phenomenon of urban space increase,and an important measuring index of the process of urbanization.Taking Shanghai as an example,the changes of urban average height and built-up area were studied ...Urban expansion is a phenomenon of urban space increase,and an important measuring index of the process of urbanization.Taking Shanghai as an example,the changes of urban average height and built-up area were studied to represent city's vertical and horizontal increases respectively,and statistical methods were used to analyze the driving forces of urban expansion.The research drew following conclusions:1) The urban expansion process of Shanghai from 1985 to 2006 had a clear periodic feature,and could be divided into three stages:vertical expansion in dominance,coordinated vertical and horizontal expansion,and horizontal expansion in dominance.2) The average height and quantity of buildings in core city were significantly bigger than those in suburbs,but the changing speed of the latter was faster.And 3) urbanization process was the major driving force for the city's horizontal expansion,while industrial structure improvement was the key driving factor for the vertical expansion.Those two driving forces were simultaneously affected by city's political factors.展开更多
The climate has an impact on the urban thermal environment,and the magnitude of the surface urban heat island(SUHI)and urban cool island(UCI)vary across the world’s climatic zones.This literature review investigated:...The climate has an impact on the urban thermal environment,and the magnitude of the surface urban heat island(SUHI)and urban cool island(UCI)vary across the world’s climatic zones.This literature review investigated:1)the variations in the SUHI and UCI intensity under different climatic backgrounds,and 2)the effect of vegetation types,landscape composition,urban configuration,and water bodies on the SUHI.The SUHI had a higher intensity in tropical(Af(tropical rainy climate,Köppen climate classification),Am(tropical monsoon climate),subtropical(Cfa,subtropical humid climate),and humid continental(Dwa,semi-humid and semi-arid monsoon climate)climate zones.The magnitude of the UCI was low compared to the SUHI across the climate zones.The cool and dry Mediterranean(Cfb,temperate marine climate;Csb,temperate mediterranean climate;Cfa)and tropical climate(Af)areas had a higher cooling intensity.For cities with a desert climate(BWh,tropical desert climate),a reverse pattern was found.The difference in the SUHI in the night-time was greater than in the daytime for most cities across the climate zones.The extent of green space cooling was related to city size,the adjacent impervious surface,and the local climate.Additionally,the composition of urban landscape elements was more significant than their configuration for sustaining the urban thermal environment.Finally,we identified future research gaps for possible solutions in the context of sustainable urbanization in different climate zones.展开更多
Cities are important carriers of green innovation.The foundation for accelerating China's ecological civilization construction and fostering regionally coordinated and sustainable development is quantitative analy...Cities are important carriers of green innovation.The foundation for accelerating China's ecological civilization construction and fostering regionally coordinated and sustainable development is quantitative analysis of the spatial evolution pattern and influencing factors of urban green innovation,as well as revealing the development differences between regions.This study's research object includes 284 Chinese cities that are at the prefecture level or above,excluding Xizang,Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan of China due to incomplete data.The spatial evolution characteristics of urban green innovation in China between 2005 and 2021 are comprehensively described using the gravity center model and boxplot analysis.The factors that affect urban green innovation are examined using the spatial Durbin model(SDM).The findings indicate that:1)over the period of the study,the gravity center of urban green innovation in China has always been distributed in the Henan-Anhui border region,showing a migration characteristic of‘initially shifting northeast,subsequently southeast',and the migration speed has gradually increased.2)Although there are also noticeable disparities in east-west,the north-south gap is the main cause of the shift in China's urban green innovation gravity center.The primary areas of urban green innovation in China are the cities with green innovation levels higher than the median.3)The main influencing factor of urban green innovation is the industrial structure level.The effect of the financial development level,the government intervention level,and the openness to the outside world degree on urban green innovation is weakened in turn.The environmental regulation degree is not truly influencing urban green innovation.The impact of various factors on green innovation across cities of different sizes,exhibiting heterogeneity.This study is conducive to broadening the academic community's comprehension of the spatial evolution characteristics of urban green innovation and offering a theoretical framework for developing policies for the all-encompassing green transformation of social and economic growth.展开更多
In response to concerns over the recent expansion of the scope and content of urban design and the potential for“loss of focus”,this study uses the comprehensive urban design of Pudong New Area as a case study,empha...In response to concerns over the recent expansion of the scope and content of urban design and the potential for“loss of focus”,this study uses the comprehensive urban design of Pudong New Area as a case study,emphasizing a need to“refocus”urban design efforts.It traces the spatial evolution of Pudong New Area under national strategic guidance,addressing two primary issues from a“strategy-problem”perspective.Building on the link between municipal urban design and district-level master planning,the study proposes a key element system that integrates“significance,publicness,cultural relevance,and connectivity”and a control strategy based on unit typology and policy-guided zoning.By establishing a clear and concise district-level control framework focused on“element+scale”,the study aims to enhance Pudong’s modern spatial image and its holistic spatial order,reinforcing Pudong’s role as a“leading area for socialist modernization”.展开更多
China is one of the countries with the longest history in the world.The protection and development of historical and cultural resources is an issue worthy of attention in the fields of economic geography and urban-rur...China is one of the countries with the longest history in the world.The protection and development of historical and cultural resources is an issue worthy of attention in the fields of economic geography and urban-rural planning at the present stage.This study takes the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration,which is rich in historical and cultural heritage,as a specific case,analyzes the characteristics of the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of its historical and cultural resources.The results show that the distribution structure of historical and cultural element resources within the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration presents significant regional agglomeration and combination characteristics.In response to the analysis results,the study formulates an optimization strategy for the regional development pattern supported by the protection and development of historical and cultural resources,and initially proposes a matching spatial development pattern plan and policy recommendations for coordinated development.展开更多
The impact of different global and local variables in urban development processes requires a systematic study to fully comprehend the underlying complexities in them.The interplay between such variables is crucial for...The impact of different global and local variables in urban development processes requires a systematic study to fully comprehend the underlying complexities in them.The interplay between such variables is crucial for modelling urban growth to closely reflects reality.Despite extensive research,ambiguity remains about how variations in these input variables influence urban densification.In this study,we conduct a global sensitivity analysis(SA)using a multinomial logistic regression(MNL)model to assess the model’s explanatory and predictive power.We examine the influence of global variables,including spatial resolution,neighborhood size,and density classes,under different input combinations at a provincial scale to understand their impact on densification.Additionally,we perform a stepwise regression to identify the significant explanatory variables that are important for understanding densification in the Brussels Metropolitan Area(BMA).Our results indicate that a finer spatial resolution of 50 m and 100 m,smaller neighborhood size of 5×5 and 3×3,and specific density classes—namely 3(non-built-up,low and high built-up)and 4(non-built-up,low,medium and high built-up)—optimally explain and predict urban densification.In line with the same,the stepwise regression reveals that models with a coarser resolution of 300 m lack significant variables,reflecting a lower explanatory power for densification.This approach aids in identifying optimal and significant global variables with higher explanatory power for understanding and predicting urban densification.Furthermore,these findings are reproducible in a global urban context,offering valuable insights for planners,modelers and geographers in managing future urban growth and minimizing modelling.展开更多
Research on urban health constitutes an important issue in the field of health geography and also a strong propeller of the Healthy China Initiative.As the main form that realizes new-type urbanization,urban agglomera...Research on urban health constitutes an important issue in the field of health geography and also a strong propeller of the Healthy China Initiative.As the main form that realizes new-type urbanization,urban agglomerations should become the primal sites for the construction of a“Healthy China”.The evaluation of healthy cities’development in urban agglomerations has both theoretical and practical values.Based on the concept of urban health and its evaluation models,this paper developed an evaluation framework for healthy cities that involved multiple data sources.With 19 urban agglomerations in China as the research subjects,we used CRITIC weighting and geographical detectors to examine the geographies of healthy cities and their influencing factors in 2010 and 2020.The results were fourfold.Firstly,the urban health level of China significantly increased from 2010 to 2020,and the comprehensive health index developed towards a positive skewed distribution,along with a shift from“low in the hinterland-high in the coastal areas”to a“multipolar”pattern led by the coastal and southwest urban agglomerations.Secondly,among various dimensions of urban health,the healthy environment index became improved with narrowed regional differences;while the health services index was still polarized;health collaboration was upgraded with a strengthened intercity health network;the healthy population index slightly declined and converged to the middle.Thirdly,urban health in China has initially demonstrated the characteristics of a H-H pattern in the Yangtze River Delta and ChengduChongqing regions,as well as L-L clusters in the northern urban agglomerations,the narrowed regional differences,and increasing coordination within each urban agglomeration.Fourthly,the geographical detector found that economy,urbanization and the human capital were significant external factors that affected urban health development.The explanatory power of technological innovation and opening to the outside world were also increasing.The development of healthy cities is yet to be transformed into regional health integration.展开更多
Urban evolution becomes a space-transforming agent capable of changing Normalised Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Land Surface Temperature(LST)emissivity reflectance on the land surface.Therefore,this study ident...Urban evolution becomes a space-transforming agent capable of changing Normalised Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Land Surface Temperature(LST)emissivity reflectance on the land surface.Therefore,this study identifies NDVI and LST variations locally,but it can also be applied in other cities on a global scale.In general,it aims to analyse NDVI and LST on surface areas of avenues and urban streets of Sector 1,located in downtown Passo Fundo,in the southern region of Brazil,from 2013 to 2020.Methodologically,treated Landsat 8 satellite images were used to obtain NDVI and LST variations in this study.Subsequently,data of 80 points in the avenues and streets of Sector 1 were collected over a distance of 100 meters spaced from each point.These data were statistically analysed concerning the dispersion of NDVI and LST from 2013 to 2020.The results revealed a strong interaction between NDVI and LST,demonstrating the need to conserve urban vegetation to improve temperature,which positively favours urban ambience indexes.展开更多
Urban areas are the major anthropogenic source of atmospheric CO_(2),thus making longterm and continuous observations of their carbon emission dynamics extremely important.The COVID-19 lockdown served as a natural exp...Urban areas are the major anthropogenic source of atmospheric CO_(2),thus making longterm and continuous observations of their carbon emission dynamics extremely important.The COVID-19 lockdown served as a natural experiment that provided a unique opportunity to analyse the contribution of human activities to CO_(2) emissions from urban areas.In 2020,Beijing experienced COVID-19 confinement with different levels of restrictions on social mobility and economic activity,resulting in reductions in CO_(2) emissions.To investigate the response mechanisms of CO_(2) flux to restriction measures,we analysed CO_(2) flux data obtained using the eddy covariance technique from 2015 to 2020,and compared CO_(2) flux during the COVID-19 confinement period in 2020 with the preceding years(2015-2019)and across various levels of confinement.The results showed that:(1)the annual CO_(2) flux was 2.1±0.2 kg C/(m^(2)·yr)in 2020,which showed a significant reduction of 31.8%compared to the adjacent 2019;(2)the reduction in CO_(2) flux was closely related to the level of restrictions on human activities;(3)most reductions occurred during the morning(85.7%)and evening(32.7%)peak traffic times,indicating that commuting-related transportation is a primary contributor to urban CO_(2) emissions.It is suggested that measures that reduce transportation-related CO_(2) sources should be considered as priorities for reducing urban CO_(2) emissions.The dynamic variation of urban CO_(2) flux captured by the eddy covariance technology is conductive to strengthening the supervision of the implementation of urban carbon emission reduction policies,promoting the achievement of dual carbon goals.展开更多
Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying agricultural space urbanization is essential for sustainable land management.This study identified the spatiotemporal characteristics of the agricultural space urbanizat...Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying agricultural space urbanization is essential for sustainable land management.This study identified the spatiotemporal characteristics of the agricultural space urbanization from 2000 to 2020 in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)using a kilometer-grid-based approach.By employing the partial least squares structural equation modeling method,the intricate drivers of agricultural space urbanization were investigated.The results revealed that from 2000 to 2020,agricultural space urbanization in the YREB covered an area of 28,198 km^(2),accounting for 84.5%of the total increase in urban space.The partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis revealed regional variations in agricultural space urbanization dynamics.In the western YREB,where urbanization is in its initial stage,natural conditions play a weak and indirect role,whereas policy incentives and socioeconomic growth are equally significant in driving agricultural space urbanization.In the eastern YREB,where urbanization is more saturated,the agricultural space urbanization is less constrained by natural factors,showing a high synergy with socioeconomic development.Conversely,in the central Yangtze River Economic Belt,policy influences surpass socioeconomic factors,whereas unfavorable natural conditions and agricultural development act as key drivers of agricultural space urbanization.This study suggests that enhancing agricultural space urbanization quality requires strengthening region-specific policies,providing targeted support for remote areas,rebalancing policy orientation in rapidly urbanizing regions,and establishing a comprehensive evaluation system to ensure policy rationality.展开更多
The decarbonization of urban water systems is critical for achieving global climate goals,and reducing the carbon intensity of urban water systems necessitates a paradigm shift from traditional end-of-pipe treatment a...The decarbonization of urban water systems is critical for achieving global climate goals,and reducing the carbon intensity of urban water systems necessitates a paradigm shift from traditional end-of-pipe treatment approaches to alternative technological solutions and holistic planning.This study explores a comprehensive strategy for achieving sustainable urban water management that integrates a decentral-ized water system(DWS),source separation,and low-carbon water treatment technologies.DWS is fun-damental to implementing a sustainable urban water system.This study addresses the social contexts,costs,approaches,and benefits associated with DWS implementation,emphasizing the importance of its construction.Subsequently,the analysis focuses on the on-site source separation of grey water,feces,and yellow water in the DWS,which serves as the primary approach for wastewater reuse and N/P recov-ery for a sustainable urban water system.Following source separation,low-carbon water treatment tech-nologies based on resource conservation and recovery are thoroughly discussed.Specifically,resource conservation can be achieved through rainwater control,efficiency improvements,and low energy con-sumption,while resource recovery can be attained through carbon capturing and energy/nutrient recov-ery.Overall,in response to the challenges in current urban water management,this study proposes a comprehensive strategy that supports a sustainable urban water system,providing theoretical guidance for reducing carbon emissions.展开更多
Various types of vegetative cover,predominantly woodlands,shrublands,and grasslands,provide a range of habitats for urban organisms and are the main contributors to urban ecosystem services.The goal of this study was ...Various types of vegetative cover,predominantly woodlands,shrublands,and grasslands,provide a range of habitats for urban organisms and are the main contributors to urban ecosystem services.The goal of this study was to assess the potential of different vegetation types in maintaining and enhancing bryophyte diversity in urban areas.Bryophytes,small non-vascular plants,in woodlands,shrublands,and grasslands in Hefei city(eastern China)were investigated,and their species richness,abundance,community composition and relationships with habitat characteristics were analysed.The results show that urban woodlands had the highest species richness and abundance of bryophytes and a distinct community composition compared with the other vegetation types.Relative light intensity had a positive effect on species richness in urban woodlands,whereas litter cover had a negative effect on abundance.Shrub,grass and litter covers,and relative air humidity were the main factors driving the differences in bryophyte species composition between woodlands and other vegetation types.Therefore,owing to their high potential to maintain bryophyte diversity,woodlands should receive increased attention during the construction of urban green spaces.In addition,promoting structural heterogeneity and increasing light availability would be beneficial to bryophyte species diversity.展开更多
The giant African snail(Achatina fulica)is an invasive species served as potential vectors for antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)and potential human bacterial pathogens.Currently,urban green spaces receive extensive or...The giant African snail(Achatina fulica)is an invasive species served as potential vectors for antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)and potential human bacterial pathogens.Currently,urban green spaces receive extensive organic manure additions as part of their management,may intensify the biological contamination potential of these snail vectors,thereby increasing the risk of biological pollution in green spaces.However,the specific impacts of this practice on the microbial ecology of these invasive species remain poorly understood.Here,we investigated the effects of organic manure application on the gut microbiome of giant African snails,focusing on ARGs,bacterial community structure,and potential human bacterial pathogens.Microcosm experiments compared snail gut microbiomes in different treatments(Soil:soil samples collected after manure amendment,before any snail exposure.Feces:fecal samples collected from snails that lived on manure-amended soil.Control:fecal samples collected from snails that lived on unamended soil)using 16S r RNA high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis.Our results show that manure application significantly altered gut bacterial community structure and increased ARG diversity by enriching specific high-risk ARGs(such as sul1 and sul2 in the Feces group increased by 2.89 and 2.43 times,respectively,compared to the Control group),and the introduction of eight novel ARG subtypes,despite decreasing overall ARG abundance.Moreover,the relative abundance of potential human pathogens,particularly Pseudomonadaceae,was greatly increased by manure application.These findings reveal that organic manure application in urban green spaces can potentially enhances their role as reservoirs and vectors of ARGs and human pathogens.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grants No.42330103,42271469)the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2022Z081).
文摘The gap between the projected urban areas in the current trend(UAC)and those in the sustainable scenario(UAS)is a critical factor in understanding whether cities can fulfill the requirements of sustainable development.However,there is a paucity of knowledge on this cutting-edge topic.Given the extensive and rapid urbanization in the United States(U.S.)over the past two centuries,accurately measuring this gap between UAS and UAC is of critical importance for advancing future sustainable urban development,as well as having significant global implications.This study finds that although the 740 U.S.cities have a large UAC in 2100,these cities will encom pass a significant gap from UAC to UAS(approximately 165,000 km2),accounting for 30%UAC at that time.The study also reveals the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the gap.The gap initially increases before reaching a inflection point in 2090,and it disparates greatly from−100%to 240%at city level.While cities in the Northwestern U.S.maintain UAC that exceeds UAS from 2020 to 2100,cities in other regions shift from UAC that exceeds UAS to UAC that falls short of UAS.Filling the gap without additional urban growth planning could lead to a reduction of crop production ranging from 0.3%to 3%and a 0.68%loss of biomass.Hence,dynamic and forward-looking urban planning is essential for addressing the challenges of sustainable development posed by urbanization,both within the U.S.and globally.
基金Under the auspices of Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2202024)Basic Scientific Research Project(Key Project)of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(No.LJ212410165084)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N2111003,N2411001)。
文摘To adapt to national climate change strategies,understanding the thermal vulnerability of urban functional zones(UFZs)is critical for enhancing the livability and sustainable development of cities.We address the limitations of existing thermal vulnerability assessments by incorporating human perception into the analysis.Specifically,we introduce the sky openness index to reflect human perception of the thermal environment and examine variations in thermal vulnerability across different UFZs.Using the Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)-SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)model,we analyze the contributions of 2D and 3D urban form indicators to thermal vulnerability and link these contributions to the unique needs and vulnerability characteristics of UFZs of Foshan City,China in 2023.The results reveal that:1)high-value heat-fragile areas(1.74–2.00]constitute 10.42%of Foshan City;2)traffic zone and publiccommercial zone exhibit the highest levels of thermal vulnerability;and 3)building height and the normalized building index are the most influential factors,with contributions of|0.06|and|0.03|,respectively.We provide a scientific foundation for developing governance strategies to promote urban resilience.
文摘In light of the swift advancement of China’s domestic social economy,the sustainable development of urban areas,the restoration of urban cultural contexts,the activation of urban cultural gene and space,and the progression of cities towards renewal,innovation,and development are inextricably linked to the evolution of urban culture.This encompasses the development of urban cultural ecology,urban cultural spaces,and the enhancement of urban cultural soft power.Furthermore,international cultural exchanges,interactions,and trade can significantly contribute to the advancement of urban culture.The physical manifestation of urban culture is represented by urban historical heritage space.A comprehensive integration,analysis,and synthesis of various literatures concerning urban historical heritage spaces reveal that the cultural value of these spaces is intrinsically linked to urban culture.Additionally,the revitalization strategies for urban historical heritage space are evident in the propaganda,activation,and cultivation of urban culture.
文摘Digital transformation,as a recent trend in socioeconomic development,is considered as a critical pathway for urban carbon reduction because of its potential to increase productivity and energy efficiency.However,few studies have explored the relationship between urban digitalization and carbon emissions(CE).Therefore,this study systematically analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution and interaction mechanism between digitalization and CE in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)urban agglomerations of China during 2006-2020 based on a multidimensional indicator system,including digitalization industry level,digitalization application level,and urban green digitalization willingness.The findings revealed that both digitalization and CE in the YRD exhibit a significant and synchronously evolving“core-periphery”spatial pattern.Core cities generated substantial positive spillover effect on periphery cities through technology diffusion and policy demonstration,advancing both regional digitalization and the collaborative governance of CE.However,digitalization had dual impact on CE.On the one hand,it promoted the reduction of CE by enhancing energy efficiency,optimizing industrial structures,and promoting the application of green technologies.On the other hand,the expansion of digital infrastructure introduced a potential risk of increased energy consumption.Therefore,targeted policy recommendations are proposed to facilitate the coordination of environmental sustainability and digitalization in the YRD.This study provides empirical support and policy insights for advancing the coordinated development of regional digital transformation and green low-carbon initiatives.
基金Under the auspices of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School(No.202302AO370012)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42201290)+1 种基金Talent Introduction Fund of Yunnan University(No.CZ22623101)the Fourteenth Program of Research Innovation Fund for Graduate Students of Yunnan University(No.KC-22221099)。
文摘Farmland transfer is an important land policy for reducing agricultural fragmentation and improving land use efficiency.Many studies have investigated the driving forces of farmland transfer at the farmers’scale.However,the overall spatial distribution and driving mechanisms of farmland transfer at the county scale has been less quantified.In this study,we evaluated farmland transfer and its spatial pattern in Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration(CYUA)of China by using statistical data at the county scale in 2020.A so-cial-ecological indicator system,comprising natural endowment,social indicators,economic indicators,and landscape patterns,was es-tablished to explore the relationship between farmland transfer and its driving factors.Additionally,a heuristic structural equation mod-el(SEM)was employed to disentangle direct and indirect drivers of farmland transfer.The results indicated that significant spatial clusters of farmland transfer,with high transfer rates concentrated in highly urbanized areas and low transfer rates prevalent in tradition-al ethnic minority regions.Farmland transfer is primarily driven by soil quality,landscape patterns,terrain,and social-economic rurality.Specifically,higher soil quality and improved landscape connectivity facilitate farmland transfer directly,while gentler slopes promote farmland transfer indirectly by supporting better educational opportunities and fewer minority population.Improving rural vocational training and optimizing landscape patterns through land consolidation and redistribution are important in the mountainous areas.This study can provide valuable analytical framework for farmland management for other mountainous regions.
基金financed by‘Data Analysis of Thermal Environment and Low-Carbon Intelligent Optimization Design of Urban Ecological Layout’s Impact’under National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.524B200113)‘Basic Theory of Sustainable Urban Planning,Construction,and Governance’under the 14th Five-Year Plan of the State Key Research and Development Program of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.2022YFC3800205)+1 种基金‘Key Technologies for Regional Carbon Neutral Mega-City Planning and Design’under Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program for Carbon(Grant No.22DZ1207800)Shanghai Intelligent Science and Technology IV Summit Discipline‘Cross-Innovation Science and Education Integration Fund’.
文摘In the context of current global warming,understanding urban thermal resilience(UTR)dynamics across dif-ferent climatic zones is crucial.This study aims to examine the complex interactions among urban morphology,green-blue infrastructure,and climate factors affecting UTR.Moving beyond traditional methods that compare urban and rural thermal differences,our research innovatively measures UTR by evaluating urban disturbances caused by extreme thermal events.To improve accuracy and reliability,we utilize an AI-powered Monte Carlo Simulation framework.Our findings emphasize the critical role of blue-green spaces in boosting UTR,whereas urban morphology often has a suppressive impact.Additionally,atmospheric humidity is identified as a critical factor affecting UTR.The study interestingly finds varied climatic responses:dense urban areas enhance resilience in arid and cold regions but reduce it in tropical and temperate zones.These findings highlight the need for a balance between sustainable urban living and infrastructure development.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan(JCYJ20190808123013260).
文摘Surface space constraints and the associated massive carbon emissions present significant challenges to the sustainable development of megacities.Urban underground space(UUS)construction is expected to provide a practical approach for alleviating the space constraints of surface construction.However,indepth examinations of the overall UUS system to reveal carbon emissions in the complex matrix are lacking.This study demonstrates the vital role of UUS development in achieving carbon neutrality using a streamlined life-cycle assessment method.Carbon emissions and the mitigation potential of building underground spaces,metro systems,and geothermal energy sources are analyzed.The construction of underground spaces in buildings is the largest carbon emitter within the entire UUS system,releasing a considerable 547.2 Mt in 2020.However,geothermal carbon sequestration,a significant element of the UUS system,provided an unexpected and impressive contribution,sequestering 170 Mt of carbon in 2020.This study shows that UUS addresses the lack of space for urban development and is a lowcarbon method of urban construction.Therefore,developing low-carbon building technologies and improving the UUS development model is imperative to achieving better low-carbon balance.This helps to promote more coordinated and sustainable urban development.
基金Under the auspices of the Key Direction in Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No KZCX2-YW-422)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 40701059)
文摘Urban expansion is a phenomenon of urban space increase,and an important measuring index of the process of urbanization.Taking Shanghai as an example,the changes of urban average height and built-up area were studied to represent city's vertical and horizontal increases respectively,and statistical methods were used to analyze the driving forces of urban expansion.The research drew following conclusions:1) The urban expansion process of Shanghai from 1985 to 2006 had a clear periodic feature,and could be divided into three stages:vertical expansion in dominance,coordinated vertical and horizontal expansion,and horizontal expansion in dominance.2) The average height and quantity of buildings in core city were significantly bigger than those in suburbs,but the changing speed of the latter was faster.And 3) urbanization process was the major driving force for the city's horizontal expansion,while industrial structure improvement was the key driving factor for the vertical expansion.Those two driving forces were simultaneously affected by city's political factors.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41590841)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0503000)the Research Funds of the Chinese Academy of Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)-the World Academy of Sciences(TWAS)President’s Fellowship。
文摘The climate has an impact on the urban thermal environment,and the magnitude of the surface urban heat island(SUHI)and urban cool island(UCI)vary across the world’s climatic zones.This literature review investigated:1)the variations in the SUHI and UCI intensity under different climatic backgrounds,and 2)the effect of vegetation types,landscape composition,urban configuration,and water bodies on the SUHI.The SUHI had a higher intensity in tropical(Af(tropical rainy climate,Köppen climate classification),Am(tropical monsoon climate),subtropical(Cfa,subtropical humid climate),and humid continental(Dwa,semi-humid and semi-arid monsoon climate)climate zones.The magnitude of the UCI was low compared to the SUHI across the climate zones.The cool and dry Mediterranean(Cfb,temperate marine climate;Csb,temperate mediterranean climate;Cfa)and tropical climate(Af)areas had a higher cooling intensity.For cities with a desert climate(BWh,tropical desert climate),a reverse pattern was found.The difference in the SUHI in the night-time was greater than in the daytime for most cities across the climate zones.The extent of green space cooling was related to city size,the adjacent impervious surface,and the local climate.Additionally,the composition of urban landscape elements was more significant than their configuration for sustaining the urban thermal environment.Finally,we identified future research gaps for possible solutions in the context of sustainable urbanization in different climate zones.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42371192)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ30100)Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.23ZDAJ023,23YBA133)。
文摘Cities are important carriers of green innovation.The foundation for accelerating China's ecological civilization construction and fostering regionally coordinated and sustainable development is quantitative analysis of the spatial evolution pattern and influencing factors of urban green innovation,as well as revealing the development differences between regions.This study's research object includes 284 Chinese cities that are at the prefecture level or above,excluding Xizang,Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan of China due to incomplete data.The spatial evolution characteristics of urban green innovation in China between 2005 and 2021 are comprehensively described using the gravity center model and boxplot analysis.The factors that affect urban green innovation are examined using the spatial Durbin model(SDM).The findings indicate that:1)over the period of the study,the gravity center of urban green innovation in China has always been distributed in the Henan-Anhui border region,showing a migration characteristic of‘initially shifting northeast,subsequently southeast',and the migration speed has gradually increased.2)Although there are also noticeable disparities in east-west,the north-south gap is the main cause of the shift in China's urban green innovation gravity center.The primary areas of urban green innovation in China are the cities with green innovation levels higher than the median.3)The main influencing factor of urban green innovation is the industrial structure level.The effect of the financial development level,the government intervention level,and the openness to the outside world degree on urban green innovation is weakened in turn.The environmental regulation degree is not truly influencing urban green innovation.The impact of various factors on green innovation across cities of different sizes,exhibiting heterogeneity.This study is conducive to broadening the academic community's comprehension of the spatial evolution characteristics of urban green innovation and offering a theoretical framework for developing policies for the all-encompassing green transformation of social and economic growth.
基金Sponsored by National Key R&D Projects in the“14th Five-year Plan”(2022YFC3800205)Shanghai Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project(2024VSJ034).
文摘In response to concerns over the recent expansion of the scope and content of urban design and the potential for“loss of focus”,this study uses the comprehensive urban design of Pudong New Area as a case study,emphasizing a need to“refocus”urban design efforts.It traces the spatial evolution of Pudong New Area under national strategic guidance,addressing two primary issues from a“strategy-problem”perspective.Building on the link between municipal urban design and district-level master planning,the study proposes a key element system that integrates“significance,publicness,cultural relevance,and connectivity”and a control strategy based on unit typology and policy-guided zoning.By establishing a clear and concise district-level control framework focused on“element+scale”,the study aims to enhance Pudong’s modern spatial image and its holistic spatial order,reinforcing Pudong’s role as a“leading area for socialist modernization”.
基金Major Program of National Fund of Philosophy and Social Science of China(24&ZD148).
文摘China is one of the countries with the longest history in the world.The protection and development of historical and cultural resources is an issue worthy of attention in the fields of economic geography and urban-rural planning at the present stage.This study takes the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration,which is rich in historical and cultural heritage,as a specific case,analyzes the characteristics of the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of its historical and cultural resources.The results show that the distribution structure of historical and cultural element resources within the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration presents significant regional agglomeration and combination characteristics.In response to the analysis results,the study formulates an optimization strategy for the regional development pattern supported by the protection and development of historical and cultural resources,and initially proposes a matching spatial development pattern plan and policy recommendations for coordinated development.
基金funded by the INTER program and cofunded by the Fond National de la Recherche,Luxembourg(FNR)and the Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS,Belgium(F.R.S-FNRS),T.0233.20-‘Sustainable Residential Densification’project(SusDens,2020–2024).
文摘The impact of different global and local variables in urban development processes requires a systematic study to fully comprehend the underlying complexities in them.The interplay between such variables is crucial for modelling urban growth to closely reflects reality.Despite extensive research,ambiguity remains about how variations in these input variables influence urban densification.In this study,we conduct a global sensitivity analysis(SA)using a multinomial logistic regression(MNL)model to assess the model’s explanatory and predictive power.We examine the influence of global variables,including spatial resolution,neighborhood size,and density classes,under different input combinations at a provincial scale to understand their impact on densification.Additionally,we perform a stepwise regression to identify the significant explanatory variables that are important for understanding densification in the Brussels Metropolitan Area(BMA).Our results indicate that a finer spatial resolution of 50 m and 100 m,smaller neighborhood size of 5×5 and 3×3,and specific density classes—namely 3(non-built-up,low and high built-up)and 4(non-built-up,low,medium and high built-up)—optimally explain and predict urban densification.In line with the same,the stepwise regression reveals that models with a coarser resolution of 300 m lack significant variables,reflecting a lower explanatory power for densification.This approach aids in identifying optimal and significant global variables with higher explanatory power for understanding and predicting urban densification.Furthermore,these findings are reproducible in a global urban context,offering valuable insights for planners,modelers and geographers in managing future urban growth and minimizing modelling.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42171216,No.71733001Key R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,No.KZ202210038047Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program,No.2022THZWJC15。
文摘Research on urban health constitutes an important issue in the field of health geography and also a strong propeller of the Healthy China Initiative.As the main form that realizes new-type urbanization,urban agglomerations should become the primal sites for the construction of a“Healthy China”.The evaluation of healthy cities’development in urban agglomerations has both theoretical and practical values.Based on the concept of urban health and its evaluation models,this paper developed an evaluation framework for healthy cities that involved multiple data sources.With 19 urban agglomerations in China as the research subjects,we used CRITIC weighting and geographical detectors to examine the geographies of healthy cities and their influencing factors in 2010 and 2020.The results were fourfold.Firstly,the urban health level of China significantly increased from 2010 to 2020,and the comprehensive health index developed towards a positive skewed distribution,along with a shift from“low in the hinterland-high in the coastal areas”to a“multipolar”pattern led by the coastal and southwest urban agglomerations.Secondly,among various dimensions of urban health,the healthy environment index became improved with narrowed regional differences;while the health services index was still polarized;health collaboration was upgraded with a strengthened intercity health network;the healthy population index slightly declined and converged to the middle.Thirdly,urban health in China has initially demonstrated the characteristics of a H-H pattern in the Yangtze River Delta and ChengduChongqing regions,as well as L-L clusters in the northern urban agglomerations,the narrowed regional differences,and increasing coordination within each urban agglomeration.Fourthly,the geographical detector found that economy,urbanization and the human capital were significant external factors that affected urban health development.The explanatory power of technological innovation and opening to the outside world were also increasing.The development of healthy cities is yet to be transformed into regional health integration.
文摘Urban evolution becomes a space-transforming agent capable of changing Normalised Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Land Surface Temperature(LST)emissivity reflectance on the land surface.Therefore,this study identifies NDVI and LST variations locally,but it can also be applied in other cities on a global scale.In general,it aims to analyse NDVI and LST on surface areas of avenues and urban streets of Sector 1,located in downtown Passo Fundo,in the southern region of Brazil,from 2013 to 2020.Methodologically,treated Landsat 8 satellite images were used to obtain NDVI and LST variations in this study.Subsequently,data of 80 points in the avenues and streets of Sector 1 were collected over a distance of 100 meters spaced from each point.These data were statistically analysed concerning the dispersion of NDVI and LST from 2013 to 2020.The results revealed a strong interaction between NDVI and LST,demonstrating the need to conserve urban vegetation to improve temperature,which positively favours urban ambience indexes.
基金supported by the National Key Research Program of China(No.2017YFE0127700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42301325)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M743704 and 2024T170975)。
文摘Urban areas are the major anthropogenic source of atmospheric CO_(2),thus making longterm and continuous observations of their carbon emission dynamics extremely important.The COVID-19 lockdown served as a natural experiment that provided a unique opportunity to analyse the contribution of human activities to CO_(2) emissions from urban areas.In 2020,Beijing experienced COVID-19 confinement with different levels of restrictions on social mobility and economic activity,resulting in reductions in CO_(2) emissions.To investigate the response mechanisms of CO_(2) flux to restriction measures,we analysed CO_(2) flux data obtained using the eddy covariance technique from 2015 to 2020,and compared CO_(2) flux during the COVID-19 confinement period in 2020 with the preceding years(2015-2019)and across various levels of confinement.The results showed that:(1)the annual CO_(2) flux was 2.1±0.2 kg C/(m^(2)·yr)in 2020,which showed a significant reduction of 31.8%compared to the adjacent 2019;(2)the reduction in CO_(2) flux was closely related to the level of restrictions on human activities;(3)most reductions occurred during the morning(85.7%)and evening(32.7%)peak traffic times,indicating that commuting-related transportation is a primary contributor to urban CO_(2) emissions.It is suggested that measures that reduce transportation-related CO_(2) sources should be considered as priorities for reducing urban CO_(2) emissions.The dynamic variation of urban CO_(2) flux captured by the eddy covariance technology is conductive to strengthening the supervision of the implementation of urban carbon emission reduction policies,promoting the achievement of dual carbon goals.
基金Fellowship Program of the CPSF,No.GZC20231970National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41871182。
文摘Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying agricultural space urbanization is essential for sustainable land management.This study identified the spatiotemporal characteristics of the agricultural space urbanization from 2000 to 2020 in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)using a kilometer-grid-based approach.By employing the partial least squares structural equation modeling method,the intricate drivers of agricultural space urbanization were investigated.The results revealed that from 2000 to 2020,agricultural space urbanization in the YREB covered an area of 28,198 km^(2),accounting for 84.5%of the total increase in urban space.The partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis revealed regional variations in agricultural space urbanization dynamics.In the western YREB,where urbanization is in its initial stage,natural conditions play a weak and indirect role,whereas policy incentives and socioeconomic growth are equally significant in driving agricultural space urbanization.In the eastern YREB,where urbanization is more saturated,the agricultural space urbanization is less constrained by natural factors,showing a high synergy with socioeconomic development.Conversely,in the central Yangtze River Economic Belt,policy influences surpass socioeconomic factors,whereas unfavorable natural conditions and agricultural development act as key drivers of agricultural space urbanization.This study suggests that enhancing agricultural space urbanization quality requires strengthening region-specific policies,providing targeted support for remote areas,rebalancing policy orientation in rapidly urbanizing regions,and establishing a comprehensive evaluation system to ensure policy rationality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(52200008 and 52270043)the Young Elite Scien-tists Sponsorship Program by CAST,National Key Research and Developing Program of China(2023YFE0113800)+1 种基金the China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(2022M710034)the Chengde National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstra-tion Zone Construction Technology Special Project(202202F003).
文摘The decarbonization of urban water systems is critical for achieving global climate goals,and reducing the carbon intensity of urban water systems necessitates a paradigm shift from traditional end-of-pipe treatment approaches to alternative technological solutions and holistic planning.This study explores a comprehensive strategy for achieving sustainable urban water management that integrates a decentral-ized water system(DWS),source separation,and low-carbon water treatment technologies.DWS is fun-damental to implementing a sustainable urban water system.This study addresses the social contexts,costs,approaches,and benefits associated with DWS implementation,emphasizing the importance of its construction.Subsequently,the analysis focuses on the on-site source separation of grey water,feces,and yellow water in the DWS,which serves as the primary approach for wastewater reuse and N/P recov-ery for a sustainable urban water system.Following source separation,low-carbon water treatment tech-nologies based on resource conservation and recovery are thoroughly discussed.Specifically,resource conservation can be achieved through rainwater control,efficiency improvements,and low energy con-sumption,while resource recovery can be attained through carbon capturing and energy/nutrient recov-ery.Overall,in response to the challenges in current urban water management,this study proposes a comprehensive strategy that supports a sustainable urban water system,providing theoretical guidance for reducing carbon emissions.
基金funded by the Scientific Research Project of Anhui Higher Education Institutions(2022AH050915)the Anhui Agricultural University Natural Science Foundation Youth Project(K2137004)the Anhui Agricultural University Introducing and Stabilizing Talent Project(rc372103).
文摘Various types of vegetative cover,predominantly woodlands,shrublands,and grasslands,provide a range of habitats for urban organisms and are the main contributors to urban ecosystem services.The goal of this study was to assess the potential of different vegetation types in maintaining and enhancing bryophyte diversity in urban areas.Bryophytes,small non-vascular plants,in woodlands,shrublands,and grasslands in Hefei city(eastern China)were investigated,and their species richness,abundance,community composition and relationships with habitat characteristics were analysed.The results show that urban woodlands had the highest species richness and abundance of bryophytes and a distinct community composition compared with the other vegetation types.Relative light intensity had a positive effect on species richness in urban woodlands,whereas litter cover had a negative effect on abundance.Shrub,grass and litter covers,and relative air humidity were the main factors driving the differences in bryophyte species composition between woodlands and other vegetation types.Therefore,owing to their high potential to maintain bryophyte diversity,woodlands should receive increased attention during the construction of urban green spaces.In addition,promoting structural heterogeneity and increasing light availability would be beneficial to bryophyte species diversity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32361143523 and 42407166)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF1304600)+2 种基金Ningbo S&T project(No.2021-DST-004)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.322GJHZ2022028FN)the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022T150635)。
文摘The giant African snail(Achatina fulica)is an invasive species served as potential vectors for antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)and potential human bacterial pathogens.Currently,urban green spaces receive extensive organic manure additions as part of their management,may intensify the biological contamination potential of these snail vectors,thereby increasing the risk of biological pollution in green spaces.However,the specific impacts of this practice on the microbial ecology of these invasive species remain poorly understood.Here,we investigated the effects of organic manure application on the gut microbiome of giant African snails,focusing on ARGs,bacterial community structure,and potential human bacterial pathogens.Microcosm experiments compared snail gut microbiomes in different treatments(Soil:soil samples collected after manure amendment,before any snail exposure.Feces:fecal samples collected from snails that lived on manure-amended soil.Control:fecal samples collected from snails that lived on unamended soil)using 16S r RNA high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis.Our results show that manure application significantly altered gut bacterial community structure and increased ARG diversity by enriching specific high-risk ARGs(such as sul1 and sul2 in the Feces group increased by 2.89 and 2.43 times,respectively,compared to the Control group),and the introduction of eight novel ARG subtypes,despite decreasing overall ARG abundance.Moreover,the relative abundance of potential human pathogens,particularly Pseudomonadaceae,was greatly increased by manure application.These findings reveal that organic manure application in urban green spaces can potentially enhances their role as reservoirs and vectors of ARGs and human pathogens.
