The scarcity of shallow water, which is a delicate matter in southern Tunisia, is relatively compensated by groundwater resources. Indeed, the South contains 25% of water reserves of the country whom 10% are superfici...The scarcity of shallow water, which is a delicate matter in southern Tunisia, is relatively compensated by groundwater resources. Indeed, the South contains 25% of water reserves of the country whom 10% are superficial water. The different hydrogeological studies show that the Zeuss-Koutine region is composed of several aquifer systems, which may be subdivided into two distinct levels;a superficial and a deep one. Such water resources show signs of localized over- exploitation which has a serious effect on the change of the hydrosystem characteristics in this region. Recently, Tunisia proves to be very interested in the contribution of new technology in particular Geographic Information System (GIS) to resolve the problem of water resources deficit in Tunisia essentially in semiarid southern part, in addition to the increased exploitation of groundwater resources, not renewable basically in last years. Hence, preserving water resources in the short and long term is a must. This fact might be achieved by the geographical information system (GIS). To respond to this object, detailed hydrological and hydrogeological studies are efficient, and a Geographic Relational Data Base Management System (RDBMS) by MERISE model was created in this study for organization of all these data in a structured way (method) and was easily exploitable under it. In addition, a lithostratigraphic correlation by the GIS is very important for understanding of the aquifer geometry and hydrodynamic interactions. The correlation among multi data shows a high degradation increasing from the South to the North (both quality and quantity of the Zeuss-Koutine groundwater). That is why another study of the water quality (salinity) and exploitation is considered crucial.展开更多
This study lies within the scope of a strategy of prevention from inundations by the contribution of new technology in stage of the hydrological and geomorphological modeling for protection against the floods in a med...This study lies within the scope of a strategy of prevention from inundations by the contribution of new technology in stage of the hydrological and geomorphological modeling for protection against the floods in a medium of weak at the average risk in South-eastern Tunisia, starting from the catchment area of Zeuss-Koutine. Considering the lack of studies we were brought to extract the area catchment in question, and to deduce its geomorphological and hydrometric characteristics, starting from the digital terrain model. We could obtain, by overlaying maps of slopes, indices and flows, the hydrological zonation of the catchment area of Zeuss-Koutine. The hydrological study of the basin’s slopes of Zeuss-Koutine is not lying out that very little physical information rests primarily on cartographic processes. The use of the latter can be regarded as an allowing indicator, by the crossing of the explanatory factors of the surface flow (slopes and direction of flow), to define a set of homogeneous hydrological zones in the level of the hydrological characteristics (average slopes, altitudes, roughness, etc). It is mainly a question of better taking account of the physical properties of the basins slopes.展开更多
The aim of this contribution is the interpretation of intracratonic chains in African plates, but it is important to verify some parameters such us the oblique convergence between Africaand Europa plates. Particularly...The aim of this contribution is the interpretation of intracratonic chains in African plates, but it is important to verify some parameters such us the oblique convergence between Africaand Europa plates. Particularly In southern central of atlassic Tunisian belts, the slickenside examination of directional preexisting faults of N120 direction shows the coexistence of thrusting and strike-slip faults striation. In the limits of these faults principally in some tectonics lens we distinguish abnormal contacts with Triassic facies. The kinematic evolution of Gafsa basin resumed in the geometry of strike-slip faults connected in the thrusting system, this movement resulted from the oblique convergence on Ben Younes, Bou Ramli and Attig chains during compressive phases. This deformation style requires a shortening axis oblique to the NW-SE accidents (N120). The strain partitioning model verify the geometry of faults and equivalent evolution of folds and confirms the Triassic decollement level but without integrated of basement structures in the deformation. It permeated a passive transport of deformation observed in cover structure.展开更多
The study of the reproduction of the Glossy Ibis （Plegadisfalcinellus） in Tunisia was undertaken from 2008 to 2010. Until the discovery of nesting in 2008, this species had only been considered as wintering in Tunis...The study of the reproduction of the Glossy Ibis （Plegadisfalcinellus） in Tunisia was undertaken from 2008 to 2010. Until the discovery of nesting in 2008, this species had only been considered as wintering in Tunisia. The Tunisian breeding population resides in the Lebna Dam in the north east of the country where it forms a mixed nesting colony with other species of the family Ardeidae （（Bubulcus ibis （Bi）： 388 pairs, Ardeola ralloides （Ar）： 17 pairs, Egretta garzetta （Eg）： 27 pairs）, （Bi： 300 pairs, At： 25 pairs, Eg： 40 pairs） and （Bi： 400 pairs, Ar： 30 pairs, Eg： 10 pairs） recorded in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively）. All nests were constructed on Acacia horrida. Laying began in early May. The average clutch size over the three years of the study was 3.44 ± 0.73 eggs （N = 29 nests）. Hatching success was 83 % （2.86 ± 1.18 eggs hatched/nest） and 2.65 ± 1.17 hatchlings/nest survived until the age of 10 to 12 days. Egg mortality was 17% during the incubation phase and chick mortality was 7.2%. No interannual variation was detected in these parameters.展开更多
This study focused on the geochemical, mineralogical and technological characterization of clays in Makthar area (Central of Tunisia) of Cretaceous-Paleogene. Its aims are to identify and promote use in the field of c...This study focused on the geochemical, mineralogical and technological characterization of clays in Makthar area (Central of Tunisia) of Cretaceous-Paleogene. Its aims are to identify and promote use in the field of ceramics industry. The result of the mineralogical analysis of clays showed a dominance of illite with a percentage higher than 65%, of kaolinite and smectite with percentages of 15%. Geochemical analysis of the major elements of clay showed a SiO<sub>2</sub> content exceeding 29% and a percentage of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> higher than 7.5%. The Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> percentage was ranging from 3% to 8%. The percentage of CaO was between 22.5% and 28% while that of K<sub>2</sub>O is 4%. The percentages of SO<sub>4</sub>, MgO and NaO<sub>2</sub> were in very small fractions. Granulometric and microgranulometric analysis showed that the clay fraction (<2 μm) varies from 30% to 37%. The plasticity index showed the plasticity character of clays which presented a specific surface area ranging from 112 m<sup>2</sup>/g to 178 m<sup>2</sup>/g reflecting illite dominance. Drying behavior indicated that clay mixture had a drying shrinkage less than 7%, while the firing shrinkage didn’t exceed 2% giving the possibility of clay using in the ceramics field.展开更多
Background:Waterbirds are globally declining as a result of habitat loss, alteration or degradation. Fishing activities may affect waterbird distribution, abundance and diversity, and traditional fishing activities of...Background:Waterbirds are globally declining as a result of habitat loss, alteration or degradation. Fishing activities may affect waterbird distribution, abundance and diversity, and traditional fishing activities often enhance waterbird abundance. We tested this hypothesis by studying the abundance and diversity of selected common waterbird species in the Kadalundi–Vallikkunnu Community Reserve, a globally significant wetland in southwestern India in relation to fishing activities.Methods:We monitored waterbird abundance four times a month from 2012 to 2015 using direct observation method during low tide. Traditional bamboo fish traps were deployed during the first and third weeks of each month. ANOVAs(one-way and multi-way) were used to examine how waterbird counts diversity varied in relation to years, seasons and period of fishing traps. Additionally we conducted a linear regression to examine the relationship between fish occurrence and waterbird counts and diversity.Results:Waterbird counts varied with years and seasons, with the maximum counts being recorded during the postmonsoon(winter). Individual species varied in their responses to trap deployment. Small waterbird species usually forage in shallow shorelines, increased during trap deployment whereas the larger waterbirds were not affected by trap deployment because they tend to hunt in deeper waters. The total fish captured was an important predictor of both waterbird abundance and diversity.Conclusion:In this study we documented a positive association between traditional fish trap deployment and waterbird counts and diversity. Providing high quality habitats for waterbirds as well as effective sustainable livelihoods through traditional fisheries is a critical management issue.展开更多
文摘The scarcity of shallow water, which is a delicate matter in southern Tunisia, is relatively compensated by groundwater resources. Indeed, the South contains 25% of water reserves of the country whom 10% are superficial water. The different hydrogeological studies show that the Zeuss-Koutine region is composed of several aquifer systems, which may be subdivided into two distinct levels;a superficial and a deep one. Such water resources show signs of localized over- exploitation which has a serious effect on the change of the hydrosystem characteristics in this region. Recently, Tunisia proves to be very interested in the contribution of new technology in particular Geographic Information System (GIS) to resolve the problem of water resources deficit in Tunisia essentially in semiarid southern part, in addition to the increased exploitation of groundwater resources, not renewable basically in last years. Hence, preserving water resources in the short and long term is a must. This fact might be achieved by the geographical information system (GIS). To respond to this object, detailed hydrological and hydrogeological studies are efficient, and a Geographic Relational Data Base Management System (RDBMS) by MERISE model was created in this study for organization of all these data in a structured way (method) and was easily exploitable under it. In addition, a lithostratigraphic correlation by the GIS is very important for understanding of the aquifer geometry and hydrodynamic interactions. The correlation among multi data shows a high degradation increasing from the South to the North (both quality and quantity of the Zeuss-Koutine groundwater). That is why another study of the water quality (salinity) and exploitation is considered crucial.
文摘This study lies within the scope of a strategy of prevention from inundations by the contribution of new technology in stage of the hydrological and geomorphological modeling for protection against the floods in a medium of weak at the average risk in South-eastern Tunisia, starting from the catchment area of Zeuss-Koutine. Considering the lack of studies we were brought to extract the area catchment in question, and to deduce its geomorphological and hydrometric characteristics, starting from the digital terrain model. We could obtain, by overlaying maps of slopes, indices and flows, the hydrological zonation of the catchment area of Zeuss-Koutine. The hydrological study of the basin’s slopes of Zeuss-Koutine is not lying out that very little physical information rests primarily on cartographic processes. The use of the latter can be regarded as an allowing indicator, by the crossing of the explanatory factors of the surface flow (slopes and direction of flow), to define a set of homogeneous hydrological zones in the level of the hydrological characteristics (average slopes, altitudes, roughness, etc). It is mainly a question of better taking account of the physical properties of the basins slopes.
文摘The aim of this contribution is the interpretation of intracratonic chains in African plates, but it is important to verify some parameters such us the oblique convergence between Africaand Europa plates. Particularly In southern central of atlassic Tunisian belts, the slickenside examination of directional preexisting faults of N120 direction shows the coexistence of thrusting and strike-slip faults striation. In the limits of these faults principally in some tectonics lens we distinguish abnormal contacts with Triassic facies. The kinematic evolution of Gafsa basin resumed in the geometry of strike-slip faults connected in the thrusting system, this movement resulted from the oblique convergence on Ben Younes, Bou Ramli and Attig chains during compressive phases. This deformation style requires a shortening axis oblique to the NW-SE accidents (N120). The strain partitioning model verify the geometry of faults and equivalent evolution of folds and confirms the Triassic decollement level but without integrated of basement structures in the deformation. It permeated a passive transport of deformation observed in cover structure.
文摘The study of the reproduction of the Glossy Ibis （Plegadisfalcinellus） in Tunisia was undertaken from 2008 to 2010. Until the discovery of nesting in 2008, this species had only been considered as wintering in Tunisia. The Tunisian breeding population resides in the Lebna Dam in the north east of the country where it forms a mixed nesting colony with other species of the family Ardeidae （（Bubulcus ibis （Bi）： 388 pairs, Ardeola ralloides （Ar）： 17 pairs, Egretta garzetta （Eg）： 27 pairs）, （Bi： 300 pairs, At： 25 pairs, Eg： 40 pairs） and （Bi： 400 pairs, Ar： 30 pairs, Eg： 10 pairs） recorded in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively）. All nests were constructed on Acacia horrida. Laying began in early May. The average clutch size over the three years of the study was 3.44 ± 0.73 eggs （N = 29 nests）. Hatching success was 83 % （2.86 ± 1.18 eggs hatched/nest） and 2.65 ± 1.17 hatchlings/nest survived until the age of 10 to 12 days. Egg mortality was 17% during the incubation phase and chick mortality was 7.2%. No interannual variation was detected in these parameters.
文摘This study focused on the geochemical, mineralogical and technological characterization of clays in Makthar area (Central of Tunisia) of Cretaceous-Paleogene. Its aims are to identify and promote use in the field of ceramics industry. The result of the mineralogical analysis of clays showed a dominance of illite with a percentage higher than 65%, of kaolinite and smectite with percentages of 15%. Geochemical analysis of the major elements of clay showed a SiO<sub>2</sub> content exceeding 29% and a percentage of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> higher than 7.5%. The Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> percentage was ranging from 3% to 8%. The percentage of CaO was between 22.5% and 28% while that of K<sub>2</sub>O is 4%. The percentages of SO<sub>4</sub>, MgO and NaO<sub>2</sub> were in very small fractions. Granulometric and microgranulometric analysis showed that the clay fraction (<2 μm) varies from 30% to 37%. The plasticity index showed the plasticity character of clays which presented a specific surface area ranging from 112 m<sup>2</sup>/g to 178 m<sup>2</sup>/g reflecting illite dominance. Drying behavior indicated that clay mixture had a drying shrinkage less than 7%, while the firing shrinkage didn’t exceed 2% giving the possibility of clay using in the ceramics field.
文摘Background:Waterbirds are globally declining as a result of habitat loss, alteration or degradation. Fishing activities may affect waterbird distribution, abundance and diversity, and traditional fishing activities often enhance waterbird abundance. We tested this hypothesis by studying the abundance and diversity of selected common waterbird species in the Kadalundi–Vallikkunnu Community Reserve, a globally significant wetland in southwestern India in relation to fishing activities.Methods:We monitored waterbird abundance four times a month from 2012 to 2015 using direct observation method during low tide. Traditional bamboo fish traps were deployed during the first and third weeks of each month. ANOVAs(one-way and multi-way) were used to examine how waterbird counts diversity varied in relation to years, seasons and period of fishing traps. Additionally we conducted a linear regression to examine the relationship between fish occurrence and waterbird counts and diversity.Results:Waterbird counts varied with years and seasons, with the maximum counts being recorded during the postmonsoon(winter). Individual species varied in their responses to trap deployment. Small waterbird species usually forage in shallow shorelines, increased during trap deployment whereas the larger waterbirds were not affected by trap deployment because they tend to hunt in deeper waters. The total fish captured was an important predictor of both waterbird abundance and diversity.Conclusion:In this study we documented a positive association between traditional fish trap deployment and waterbird counts and diversity. Providing high quality habitats for waterbirds as well as effective sustainable livelihoods through traditional fisheries is a critical management issue.
