AIM： To establish a more sensitive method for detection of free cancer cells in peritoneal washes from gastric cancer patients during surgery and to evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS： The carcinoembryonic ...AIM： To establish a more sensitive method for detection of free cancer cells in peritoneal washes from gastric cancer patients during surgery and to evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS： The carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） mRNA levels in peritoneal washes from 65 cases of gastric cancer were detected by real-time RT-PCR. Peritoneal lavage cytology （PLC） was applied simultaneously to detection of free cancer cells. Negative controls included peritoneal washes from 5 cases of benign gastric disease and blood samples from 5 adult healthy volunteers. RESULTS： There was no CEA mRNA in peritoneal washes from benign gastric disease patients and in blood of adult healthy volunteers. The positive percentage of free cancer cells detected by real-time RT-PCR was 47.7% and only 22.3% by PLC. The positive rate of CEA mRNA was significantly related with serosa invasion between peritoneal metastasis and stage of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION： Real-time RT-PCR is a sensitive and rapid method for the detection of free cancer cells in peritoneal washes. The presence of free cancer cells in peritoneal washes is related to the Pathologic stage of gastric cancer.展开更多
Introduction: Tumour stage is the most important prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The aim of this study was to evaluate if female gender was a prognostic facto...Introduction: Tumour stage is the most important prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The aim of this study was to evaluate if female gender was a prognostic factor in different tumour stages in relation to histology and given therapy. Methods: From 1989-2008, 1497 patients in eastern Scania, in southern Sweden with 202,000 inhabitants, were referred and prospectively registered. Tumour stage, performance status, lung cancer type and primary therapy were registered. Results: In NSCLC, female patients in stages 1 and 2 who were treated with surgery had a better 5-year survival rate (79.4%), compared to males (60.6%;p = 0.0004). Female patients in stage 3 with active therapy (surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) had a better 5-year survival than males (20.6% vs. 10.5%, respectively, p = 0.0006). Female patients with adenocarcinoma were favourable in stages 1-3. In stage 4, there was no survival difference between females and males. In SCLC, females with limited disease (LD) and active therapy (chemotherapy ±?radiotherapy ± surgery) had a higher 5-year survival rate (28%) than males (5.6%);p = 0.001. Females with extensive disease (ED) and active therapy (chemotherapy ± radiotherapy) had a better 5-year survival (3.9%) compared to males (0.7%);p = 0.023. In multivariate analyses, patient performance status at diagnosis was also an independent prognostic factor in all tumour stages of lung cancer. Conclusions: This population-based study corroborates a female survival advantage in NSCLC stages 1-3, but not in metastatic stage 4, and this is also demonstrated for the adenocarcinoma subgroup. The study also confirms better prognosis in females with SCLC in both LD and ED. The study also demonstrates the importance of patient performance status as a prognostic factor in all stages of lung cancer.展开更多
The lead and barium contents in sixteen archaeological bone samples from 10 persons buried in Dalsby, Sweden, were determined by means of X- ray fluorescence analysis using two "Co sources for excitation and a pl...The lead and barium contents in sixteen archaeological bone samples from 10 persons buried in Dalsby, Sweden, were determined by means of X- ray fluorescence analysis using two "Co sources for excitation and a planar Ge detector for registration of the X- rays. The lead concentrations were found to be less than 168μ g/g, and the barium concentrations were in the range of 15- 97μg/g.展开更多
The acid-producing (oxyntic) part of thestomach harbors mucus cells, parietal cells,chief cells, and endocrine cells, such as theECL cells, A-like (X) cells and somatostatin(D) cells. The ECL cells constitute one of t...The acid-producing (oxyntic) part of thestomach harbors mucus cells, parietal cells,chief cells, and endocrine cells, such as theECL cells, A-like (X) cells and somatostatin(D) cells. The ECL cells constitute one of thelargest endocrine cell populations in thebody. The ECL cell can be defined as展开更多
Tectonic evolution and paleogeography of the two major continental blocks Fennoscandia and VolgoSarmatia during their docking to form the East European Craton(Baltica)at 1.8–1.7 Ga represent important‘puzzle
In the present study, the drug-resistance genes encoding β-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, DNA topoisomerases and integron as well as their molecular epidemiology were investigated by means of analyzing...In the present study, the drug-resistance genes encoding β-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, DNA topoisomerases and integron as well as their molecular epidemiology were investigated by means of analyzing the drug-resistance and molecular epidemiology of Acinebacter baumannii isolated from the clinical samples in two hospitals in Changzhou and Huzhou city of Jiangsu and Zhejiang province from July 2000 to March 2005. The minimal inhibitory concentrations （MICs） of these 307 isolates were detected by automatic microbiological system, and 35 strains against 5-fluoroquinolones were performed by agar dilution assay. Meanwhile, the resistant genes in 80 isolates were amplified by PCR with identification by DNA sequencer. It was found that most of the 307 isolates of A. baumannii were resistant to multiple antibiotics tested, in which the resistance rates of the isolates against piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, amoxacillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were all above 35%, but those of imipenem and meropenem were quite low, ranged only 2.6% and 3.3 %. In addition, it was also demonstrated that the positive rates of TEM and SHV β-lactamase genes accounted for 93.8% and 22.5% respectively, and those of the aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes including aacC1, aacC2, aacC3, aacC4, aacC4A, aphA6, ant（2″）-Ⅰ and ant（3″）- Ⅰ were 58.8%, 8.8%, 7.5%, 28.8%, 45.0%, 2.5%, 28.8% and 65.0% respectively. The mutations in the quinolone-resistant determining region （QRDR） of gyrA and parC genes indicated that substitution in Ser-83 residue of GyrA protein was most frequently occurred among strains with MIC for ciprofloxacin of more than 4 μg/ml, whereas a double mutation at Ser-83 residue of gyrA and Ser-80 of parC was found in strains with MIC of ciprofloxacin of more than 8 μg/ml. As to the positive rates of class 1 integron （Int Ⅰ -1） and qacE△1-sul-1, it was found to be 60.0% and 77.5% respectively, and the rates of resistant genes of strains isolated in these two hospitals varied considerably. The results obtained in the present study indicate the presence of the multiple resistant genes in strains of A. baumannii, and great measures should be taken to control the spread of the resistant strains carrying the resistant genes.展开更多
We present a summary of late Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic mafic magmatism in the Siberian craton which allows us distinguish following main pulses of mafic dyke emplacement:1)1860–1850 Ma mafic dykes are locali...We present a summary of late Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic mafic magmatism in the Siberian craton which allows us distinguish following main pulses of mafic dyke emplacement:1)1860–1850 Ma mafic dykes are localized within the展开更多
Background: Two differently charged polypeptides, α-poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamate, have previously been shown to effectively reduce postoperative intraabdominal adhesions. Though α-poly-L-lysine showed toxicity...Background: Two differently charged polypeptides, α-poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamate, have previously been shown to effectively reduce postoperative intraabdominal adhesions. Though α-poly-L-lysine showed toxicity in doses too close to the lowest therapeutic dose, the aim in the present study was to investigate the possible antiadhesive effect of another four cationic polypeptides. Materials/Methods: 125 mice were studied with a standardized and reproducible adhesion model and given epsilon poly-L-lysine, lactoferrin, lysozyme and polyarginine respectively in a combination with poly-L-glutamate. Epsilon poly-L-lysine was also tested in different concentrations and as single treatment. Results: All four cationic polypeptides above showed a significantly better anti-adhesive effect than the controls receiving saline (p<0.05). Epsilon poly-L-lysine had the best antiadhesive effect of the new substances tested in the experiment. Single treatment with the epsilon poly-L-lysine showed toxic side effects. Discussion: We have shown that epsilon poly-L-lysine, polyarginine, lysozyme and lactoferrin, in descending order, all can reduce postoperative intraabdominal adhesions in mice when combined with poly-L-glutamate. There were side effects of epsilon poly-L-lysine resembling those of α-poly-L-lysine, although less toxic. The antiadhesive effect of epsilon poly-L-lysine did not reach the level of α-poly-L-lysine. Further studies will concentrate on additional investigation, trying to modify the α-poly-L-lysine to lower its toxicity. The less toxic epsilon poly-L-lysine also needs further attention in our research of antiadhesive bioactive polypeptides.展开更多
The present study aimed at determining whether short-term exposure to art in shared common areas in congregate housing units could affect health and health determinants among the residents. Ten residents (mean age 80....The present study aimed at determining whether short-term exposure to art in shared common areas in congregate housing units could affect health and health determinants among the residents. Ten residents (mean age 80.4 years) at one block were exposed to visual art environmental enrichment in common areas over a period of three months. Thirteen persons (mean age 86.6 years) living in another block played in-house boule. Cornell’s test, Mini-Mental tests (MMT), and face recognition test were performed to assess depression, cognition, and episodic memory, respectively before and after the intervention. The results show that visual art environmental enrichment in common areas and lack of stimulating and guiding dialogues show a change in depression scores in the intervention group (p = 0.018) and the control group (p = 0.009). MMT scores improved only in the control group (p = 0.003). No changes in episodic memory in any of the groups were observed. It could be concluded that in order to obtain a positive result of short term visual art environmental enrichment, guiding art dialogues conducted by nurses, as described in previous research, should be added to visual art environmental enrichment in healthcare settings.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of The Krantz Health Opinion Survey (KHOS). A convenience sample of 79 persons (47 men and 32 women) was recruited from The He...The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of The Krantz Health Opinion Survey (KHOS). A convenience sample of 79 persons (47 men and 32 women) was recruited from The Heart and Lung Patients’ National Association at ten local meeting places in different areas in Sweden. The questionnaire was examined for face and content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The findings showed that the Swedish version of KHOS is acceptable in terms of face and content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability over time among 79 individuals >65 years of age and with a cardiac disease. In conclusion, wider evaluations of the psychometric use of KHOS for other populations and settings are recommended.展开更多
In the past decade, uses of antiseptics and disinfectants in hospitals and other health care centers are rather common, but the chance to develop resistance to antiseptics and disinfectants is also increased. Acinetob...In the past decade, uses of antiseptics and disinfectants in hospitals and other health care centers are rather common, but the chance to develop resistance to antiseptics and disinfectants is also increased. Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the opportunistic bacteria involving in the nosocomial infection. In the present study, the correlation of the antiseptic resistance in A. baumannii and the antiseptic resistance gene qacEΔ 1 was investigated by means of determination of MICs. Meanwhile, the MICs of glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine, benzalkonium bromide, iodophor and trichloroisocyanurate to 80 clinical isolates of A. baumannii were detected by tube dilution assay and the resistance genes intll and qacE Δ 1 in these isolates were amplified by PCR and verified by DNA sequencer. It was found that the MIC50 for these 5 antiseptics tested were 32, 8, 8, 4 and 1 μg/ml respectively, and the detection rates of intll and qacEΔ1 gene were 60.0% and 77.6% respectively. In addition, 55% of the 80 isolates simultaneously possessed both intll and qacEΔ1 gene, and the percentage of antiseptic resistance of A. baumannii carring both genes to benzalkonium bromide were higher than that without these two genes, however, there was no significant difference between intll and qacEΔ1 gene. The result in bactericidal efficiency assay indicated that chlorhexidine could still produce rapid and strong bactericidal effect at concentration of 1 MIC after 10 rain exposure. These results suggest that the antiseptic resistance of A. baumannil to various antiseptics is correlated with the presence of the antiseptic resistance genes qacEΔ 1 in bacteria, thus warning that the increase of the antiseptic resistance should not be ignored and the relative high concentration or prolonged application time is required to achieve a sufficient bactericidal effect.展开更多
Patients with liver cirrhosis exhibit several features of gut dysfunction which may contribute to the development of cirrhosis complications as well as have an impact on nutritional status and health-related quality o...Patients with liver cirrhosis exhibit several features of gut dysfunction which may contribute to the development of cirrhosis complications as well as have an impact on nutritional status and health-related quality of life.Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in cirrhosis and their pathophysiology probably involves factors related to liver disease severity,psychological distress,and gut dysfunction(e.g.,increased gastric sensitivity to distension and delayed gut transit).They may lead to reduced food intake and,thus,may contribute to the nutritional status deterioration in cirrhotic patients.Although tense ascites appears to have a negative impact on meal-induced accommodation of the stomach,published data on gastric accommodation in cirrhotics without significant ascites are not unanimous.Gastric emptying and small bowel transit have generally been shown to be prolonged.This may be related to disturbances in postprandial glucose,insulin,and ghrelin levels,which,in turn,appear to be associated to insulin resistance,a common finding in cirrhosis.Furthermore,small bowel manometry disturbances and delayed gut transit may be associated with the development of small bowel bacterial overgrowth.Finally,several studies have reported intestinal barrier dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis(especially those with portal hypertension),which is related to bacterial translocation and permeation of intestinal bacterial products,e.g.,endo-toxin and bacterial DNA,thus potentially being involved in the pathogenesis of complications of liver cirrhosis.展开更多
Aim： Sperm chromatin/DNA integrity is essential for the accurate transmission of paternal genetic information, and normal sperm chromatin structure is important for sperm fertilizing ability. The routine examination ...Aim： Sperm chromatin/DNA integrity is essential for the accurate transmission of paternal genetic information, and normal sperm chromatin structure is important for sperm fertilizing ability. The routine examination of semen, which includes sperm concentration, motility and morphology, does not identify defects in sperm chromatin structure. The origin of sperm DNA damage and a variety of methods for its assessment are described. Evaluation of sperm DNA damage appears to be a useful tool for assessing male fertility potential both in vivo and in vitro. The possible impact of sperm DNA defects on the offspring is also discussed. （Asian J Androl 2006 Jan; 8： 11-29）展开更多
AIM- To investigate if and how the proinflammatory cytokine interferon γ （IFNγ） affects ghrelin expression in mice. METHODS： The plasma concentration of ghrelin, and gastric ghrelin and somatostatin expression, w...AIM- To investigate if and how the proinflammatory cytokine interferon γ （IFNγ） affects ghrelin expression in mice. METHODS： The plasma concentration of ghrelin, and gastric ghrelin and somatostatin expression, were ex- amined in wild-type mice and mice infected with Helico- bacter pylori （H. pylorO. Furthermore, ghrelin expression was examined in two achlorhydric mouse models with varying degrees of gastritis due to bacterial overgrowth. To study the effect of IFNγ, alone, mice were given a subcutaneous infusion of IFNγ, for 7 d. Finally, the influ- ence of IFNγ, and somatostatin on the ghrelin promoter was characterized. RESULTS： H. py/ori infection was associated with a 50% reduction in ghrelin expression and plasma concentration. Suppression of ghrelin expression was in- versely correlated with gastric inflammation in achlorh- dyric mouse models. Subcutaneous infusion of IFNγ, suppressed fundic ghrelin mRNA expression and plasma ghrelin concentrations. Finally, we showed that the ghrelin promoter operates under the control of soma- tostatin but not under that of IFNγ. CONCLUSION： Gastric infection and inflammation is associated with increased IFNγ, expression and reduced ghrelin expression. IFNγ, does not directly control ghre- lin expression but inhibits it indirectly via somatostatin.展开更多
文摘AIM： To establish a more sensitive method for detection of free cancer cells in peritoneal washes from gastric cancer patients during surgery and to evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS： The carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） mRNA levels in peritoneal washes from 65 cases of gastric cancer were detected by real-time RT-PCR. Peritoneal lavage cytology （PLC） was applied simultaneously to detection of free cancer cells. Negative controls included peritoneal washes from 5 cases of benign gastric disease and blood samples from 5 adult healthy volunteers. RESULTS： There was no CEA mRNA in peritoneal washes from benign gastric disease patients and in blood of adult healthy volunteers. The positive percentage of free cancer cells detected by real-time RT-PCR was 47.7% and only 22.3% by PLC. The positive rate of CEA mRNA was significantly related with serosa invasion between peritoneal metastasis and stage of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION： Real-time RT-PCR is a sensitive and rapid method for the detection of free cancer cells in peritoneal washes. The presence of free cancer cells in peritoneal washes is related to the Pathologic stage of gastric cancer.
基金financially supported by the Medical Research Council,Central Hospital,Kristianstad and Kristianstad University.
文摘Introduction: Tumour stage is the most important prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The aim of this study was to evaluate if female gender was a prognostic factor in different tumour stages in relation to histology and given therapy. Methods: From 1989-2008, 1497 patients in eastern Scania, in southern Sweden with 202,000 inhabitants, were referred and prospectively registered. Tumour stage, performance status, lung cancer type and primary therapy were registered. Results: In NSCLC, female patients in stages 1 and 2 who were treated with surgery had a better 5-year survival rate (79.4%), compared to males (60.6%;p = 0.0004). Female patients in stage 3 with active therapy (surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) had a better 5-year survival than males (20.6% vs. 10.5%, respectively, p = 0.0006). Female patients with adenocarcinoma were favourable in stages 1-3. In stage 4, there was no survival difference between females and males. In SCLC, females with limited disease (LD) and active therapy (chemotherapy ±?radiotherapy ± surgery) had a higher 5-year survival rate (28%) than males (5.6%);p = 0.001. Females with extensive disease (ED) and active therapy (chemotherapy ± radiotherapy) had a better 5-year survival (3.9%) compared to males (0.7%);p = 0.023. In multivariate analyses, patient performance status at diagnosis was also an independent prognostic factor in all tumour stages of lung cancer. Conclusions: This population-based study corroborates a female survival advantage in NSCLC stages 1-3, but not in metastatic stage 4, and this is also demonstrated for the adenocarcinoma subgroup. The study also confirms better prognosis in females with SCLC in both LD and ED. The study also demonstrates the importance of patient performance status as a prognostic factor in all stages of lung cancer.
文摘The lead and barium contents in sixteen archaeological bone samples from 10 persons buried in Dalsby, Sweden, were determined by means of X- ray fluorescence analysis using two "Co sources for excitation and a planar Ge detector for registration of the X- rays. The lead concentrations were found to be less than 168μ g/g, and the barium concentrations were in the range of 15- 97μg/g.
文摘The acid-producing (oxyntic) part of thestomach harbors mucus cells, parietal cells,chief cells, and endocrine cells, such as theECL cells, A-like (X) cells and somatostatin(D) cells. The ECL cells constitute one of thelargest endocrine cell populations in thebody. The ECL cell can be defined as
基金funded by grant 14-05-00731 from the Russian Foundation of Basic Research
文摘Tectonic evolution and paleogeography of the two major continental blocks Fennoscandia and VolgoSarmatia during their docking to form the East European Craton(Baltica)at 1.8–1.7 Ga represent important‘puzzle
文摘In the present study, the drug-resistance genes encoding β-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, DNA topoisomerases and integron as well as their molecular epidemiology were investigated by means of analyzing the drug-resistance and molecular epidemiology of Acinebacter baumannii isolated from the clinical samples in two hospitals in Changzhou and Huzhou city of Jiangsu and Zhejiang province from July 2000 to March 2005. The minimal inhibitory concentrations （MICs） of these 307 isolates were detected by automatic microbiological system, and 35 strains against 5-fluoroquinolones were performed by agar dilution assay. Meanwhile, the resistant genes in 80 isolates were amplified by PCR with identification by DNA sequencer. It was found that most of the 307 isolates of A. baumannii were resistant to multiple antibiotics tested, in which the resistance rates of the isolates against piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, amoxacillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were all above 35%, but those of imipenem and meropenem were quite low, ranged only 2.6% and 3.3 %. In addition, it was also demonstrated that the positive rates of TEM and SHV β-lactamase genes accounted for 93.8% and 22.5% respectively, and those of the aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes including aacC1, aacC2, aacC3, aacC4, aacC4A, aphA6, ant（2″）-Ⅰ and ant（3″）- Ⅰ were 58.8%, 8.8%, 7.5%, 28.8%, 45.0%, 2.5%, 28.8% and 65.0% respectively. The mutations in the quinolone-resistant determining region （QRDR） of gyrA and parC genes indicated that substitution in Ser-83 residue of GyrA protein was most frequently occurred among strains with MIC for ciprofloxacin of more than 4 μg/ml, whereas a double mutation at Ser-83 residue of gyrA and Ser-80 of parC was found in strains with MIC of ciprofloxacin of more than 8 μg/ml. As to the positive rates of class 1 integron （Int Ⅰ -1） and qacE△1-sul-1, it was found to be 60.0% and 77.5% respectively, and the rates of resistant genes of strains isolated in these two hospitals varied considerably. The results obtained in the present study indicate the presence of the multiple resistant genes in strains of A. baumannii, and great measures should be taken to control the spread of the resistant strains carrying the resistant genes.
文摘We present a summary of late Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic mafic magmatism in the Siberian craton which allows us distinguish following main pulses of mafic dyke emplacement:1)1860–1850 Ma mafic dykes are localized within the
文摘Background: Two differently charged polypeptides, α-poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamate, have previously been shown to effectively reduce postoperative intraabdominal adhesions. Though α-poly-L-lysine showed toxicity in doses too close to the lowest therapeutic dose, the aim in the present study was to investigate the possible antiadhesive effect of another four cationic polypeptides. Materials/Methods: 125 mice were studied with a standardized and reproducible adhesion model and given epsilon poly-L-lysine, lactoferrin, lysozyme and polyarginine respectively in a combination with poly-L-glutamate. Epsilon poly-L-lysine was also tested in different concentrations and as single treatment. Results: All four cationic polypeptides above showed a significantly better anti-adhesive effect than the controls receiving saline (p<0.05). Epsilon poly-L-lysine had the best antiadhesive effect of the new substances tested in the experiment. Single treatment with the epsilon poly-L-lysine showed toxic side effects. Discussion: We have shown that epsilon poly-L-lysine, polyarginine, lysozyme and lactoferrin, in descending order, all can reduce postoperative intraabdominal adhesions in mice when combined with poly-L-glutamate. There were side effects of epsilon poly-L-lysine resembling those of α-poly-L-lysine, although less toxic. The antiadhesive effect of epsilon poly-L-lysine did not reach the level of α-poly-L-lysine. Further studies will concentrate on additional investigation, trying to modify the α-poly-L-lysine to lower its toxicity. The less toxic epsilon poly-L-lysine also needs further attention in our research of antiadhesive bioactive polypeptides.
文摘The present study aimed at determining whether short-term exposure to art in shared common areas in congregate housing units could affect health and health determinants among the residents. Ten residents (mean age 80.4 years) at one block were exposed to visual art environmental enrichment in common areas over a period of three months. Thirteen persons (mean age 86.6 years) living in another block played in-house boule. Cornell’s test, Mini-Mental tests (MMT), and face recognition test were performed to assess depression, cognition, and episodic memory, respectively before and after the intervention. The results show that visual art environmental enrichment in common areas and lack of stimulating and guiding dialogues show a change in depression scores in the intervention group (p = 0.018) and the control group (p = 0.009). MMT scores improved only in the control group (p = 0.003). No changes in episodic memory in any of the groups were observed. It could be concluded that in order to obtain a positive result of short term visual art environmental enrichment, guiding art dialogues conducted by nurses, as described in previous research, should be added to visual art environmental enrichment in healthcare settings.
文摘The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of The Krantz Health Opinion Survey (KHOS). A convenience sample of 79 persons (47 men and 32 women) was recruited from The Heart and Lung Patients’ National Association at ten local meeting places in different areas in Sweden. The questionnaire was examined for face and content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The findings showed that the Swedish version of KHOS is acceptable in terms of face and content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability over time among 79 individuals >65 years of age and with a cardiac disease. In conclusion, wider evaluations of the psychometric use of KHOS for other populations and settings are recommended.
文摘In the past decade, uses of antiseptics and disinfectants in hospitals and other health care centers are rather common, but the chance to develop resistance to antiseptics and disinfectants is also increased. Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the opportunistic bacteria involving in the nosocomial infection. In the present study, the correlation of the antiseptic resistance in A. baumannii and the antiseptic resistance gene qacEΔ 1 was investigated by means of determination of MICs. Meanwhile, the MICs of glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine, benzalkonium bromide, iodophor and trichloroisocyanurate to 80 clinical isolates of A. baumannii were detected by tube dilution assay and the resistance genes intll and qacE Δ 1 in these isolates were amplified by PCR and verified by DNA sequencer. It was found that the MIC50 for these 5 antiseptics tested were 32, 8, 8, 4 and 1 μg/ml respectively, and the detection rates of intll and qacEΔ1 gene were 60.0% and 77.6% respectively. In addition, 55% of the 80 isolates simultaneously possessed both intll and qacEΔ1 gene, and the percentage of antiseptic resistance of A. baumannii carring both genes to benzalkonium bromide were higher than that without these two genes, however, there was no significant difference between intll and qacEΔ1 gene. The result in bactericidal efficiency assay indicated that chlorhexidine could still produce rapid and strong bactericidal effect at concentration of 1 MIC after 10 rain exposure. These results suggest that the antiseptic resistance of A. baumannil to various antiseptics is correlated with the presence of the antiseptic resistance genes qacEΔ 1 in bacteria, thus warning that the increase of the antiseptic resistance should not be ignored and the relative high concentration or prolonged application time is required to achieve a sufficient bactericidal effect.
文摘Patients with liver cirrhosis exhibit several features of gut dysfunction which may contribute to the development of cirrhosis complications as well as have an impact on nutritional status and health-related quality of life.Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in cirrhosis and their pathophysiology probably involves factors related to liver disease severity,psychological distress,and gut dysfunction(e.g.,increased gastric sensitivity to distension and delayed gut transit).They may lead to reduced food intake and,thus,may contribute to the nutritional status deterioration in cirrhotic patients.Although tense ascites appears to have a negative impact on meal-induced accommodation of the stomach,published data on gastric accommodation in cirrhotics without significant ascites are not unanimous.Gastric emptying and small bowel transit have generally been shown to be prolonged.This may be related to disturbances in postprandial glucose,insulin,and ghrelin levels,which,in turn,appear to be associated to insulin resistance,a common finding in cirrhosis.Furthermore,small bowel manometry disturbances and delayed gut transit may be associated with the development of small bowel bacterial overgrowth.Finally,several studies have reported intestinal barrier dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis(especially those with portal hypertension),which is related to bacterial translocation and permeation of intestinal bacterial products,e.g.,endo-toxin and bacterial DNA,thus potentially being involved in the pathogenesis of complications of liver cirrhosis.
文摘Aim： Sperm chromatin/DNA integrity is essential for the accurate transmission of paternal genetic information, and normal sperm chromatin structure is important for sperm fertilizing ability. The routine examination of semen, which includes sperm concentration, motility and morphology, does not identify defects in sperm chromatin structure. The origin of sperm DNA damage and a variety of methods for its assessment are described. Evaluation of sperm DNA damage appears to be a useful tool for assessing male fertility potential both in vivo and in vitro. The possible impact of sperm DNA defects on the offspring is also discussed. （Asian J Androl 2006 Jan; 8： 11-29）
基金Supported by The Danish MRC Grant271-08-0378(LFH)the ALF grant(TW)The Lundbeck foundation(KBVD)
文摘AIM- To investigate if and how the proinflammatory cytokine interferon γ （IFNγ） affects ghrelin expression in mice. METHODS： The plasma concentration of ghrelin, and gastric ghrelin and somatostatin expression, were ex- amined in wild-type mice and mice infected with Helico- bacter pylori （H. pylorO. Furthermore, ghrelin expression was examined in two achlorhydric mouse models with varying degrees of gastritis due to bacterial overgrowth. To study the effect of IFNγ, alone, mice were given a subcutaneous infusion of IFNγ, for 7 d. Finally, the influ- ence of IFNγ, and somatostatin on the ghrelin promoter was characterized. RESULTS： H. py/ori infection was associated with a 50% reduction in ghrelin expression and plasma concentration. Suppression of ghrelin expression was in- versely correlated with gastric inflammation in achlorh- dyric mouse models. Subcutaneous infusion of IFNγ, suppressed fundic ghrelin mRNA expression and plasma ghrelin concentrations. Finally, we showed that the ghrelin promoter operates under the control of soma- tostatin but not under that of IFNγ. CONCLUSION： Gastric infection and inflammation is associated with increased IFNγ, expression and reduced ghrelin expression. IFNγ, does not directly control ghre- lin expression but inhibits it indirectly via somatostatin.
