Geotechnical studies are essential in civil engineering for all building and infrastructure projects. Typically, in-situ studies involving soil sample collection through drilling are conducted. However, these invasive...Geotechnical studies are essential in civil engineering for all building and infrastructure projects. Typically, in-situ studies involving soil sample collection through drilling are conducted. However, these invasive methods can be costly when numerous boreholes are needed to assess stratum continuity or are impractical for examining subsurface conditions beneath existing structures. Shallow geophysical exploration offers several non-invasive alternatives for subsurface characterization, with Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) being particularly versatile. ERT provides detailed and accurate subsurface images through a relatively simple and fast field implementation. For this study, four 2D ERT profiles were designed and performed near three buildings at the Centro Universitario de la Costa in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico, using a Gito-1100 V resistivity meter from Hematec with Dipole-Dipole arrays. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated for each data set to establish criteria for outlier removal, optimizing the inversion process in Res2DInv software. The inversion results defined five geoelectric units [UG-1 (1 to 20 Ω‧m), UG-2 (20 to 40 Ω‧m), UG-3 (40 to 100 Ω‧m), UG-4 (100 to 500 Ω‧m), and UG-5 (750 to 1000 Ω‧m)], consistent with previously identified geologic materials. The 2D ERT profiles allowed for the identification of lateral variations in moisture content and saturation and determined the depth of consolidated and possibly cemented materials suitable for future infrastructure projects on the university campus. This work provides a reference framework for implementing the 2D-ERT technique in Puerto Vallarta, supporting its use as a non-invasive alternative for effective subsurface characterization in geotechnical and civil engineering contexts.展开更多
Leg-length discrepancy(LLD)in individuals experiencing total hip arthroplasty(THA)is related to a substantially higher fall risk,length of post-operative hospital in-patient stay,elevated implant-related adverse event...Leg-length discrepancy(LLD)in individuals experiencing total hip arthroplasty(THA)is related to a substantially higher fall risk,length of post-operative hospital in-patient stay,elevated implant-related adverse events,and earlier revision.Therefore,it is essential to try to avoid LLD when implanting a THA.Several studies focus on this issue,including the following:Accelerometer-based portable navigation system,preoperative digital templating,robot-assisted surgery,the anatomical marker positioning method(shoulder-to-shoulder)and the artificial intelligence-based three-dimensional planning software system.The aforementioned methods should be familiar to surgeons who perform THA procedures,as a fundamental objective of this surgical intervention is to avoid LLD.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is revolutionizing medical imaging,particularly in chronic liver diseases assessment.AI technologies,including machine learning and deep learning,are increasingly integrated with multiparame...Artificial intelligence(AI)is revolutionizing medical imaging,particularly in chronic liver diseases assessment.AI technologies,including machine learning and deep learning,are increasingly integrated with multiparametric ultrasound(US)techniques to provide more accurate,objective,and non-invasive evaluations of liver fibrosis and steatosis.Analyzing large datasets from US images,AI enhances diagnostic precision,enabling better quantification of liver stiffness and fat content,which are essential for diagnosing and staging liver fibrosis and steatosis.Combining advanced US modalities,such as elastography and doppler imaging with AI,has demonstrated improved sensitivity in identifying different stages of liver disease and distinguishing various degrees of steatotic liver.These advancements also contribute to greater reproducibility and reduced operator dependency,addressing some of the limitations of traditional methods.The clinical implications of AI in liver disease are vast,ranging from early detection to predicting disease progression and evaluating treatment response.Despite these promising developments,challenges such as the need for large-scale datasets,algorithm transparency,and clinical validation remain.The aim of this review is to explore the current applications and future potential of AI in liver fibrosis and steatosis assessment using multiparametric US,highlighting the technological advances and clinical relevance of this emerging field.展开更多
The optimal development,function,and maintenance of the central nervous system(CNS)are determined by the dynamic and continuous crosstalk between its components.Neurons and glial cells,the cellular constituents of the...The optimal development,function,and maintenance of the central nervous system(CNS)are determined by the dynamic and continuous crosstalk between its components.Neurons and glial cells,the cellular constituents of the CNS,orchestrate a wide range of essential activities(Allen and Lyons,2018).Notably,glial cells,which outnumber neurons,constitute the major population within the CNS.This population comprises astrocytes,microglia,oligodendrocytes,and ependymal cells,each fulfilling specialized functions that contribute to neural homeostasis and overall CNS integrity.Astrocytes are pivotal in preserving structural and functional integrity through the regulation of synaptic function,the clearance of neurotransmitters,and ion balance.Moreover,they provide metabolic support to neurons.展开更多
Different forms of programmed cell death have been described to participate in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Given the critical role that disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis...Different forms of programmed cell death have been described to participate in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Given the critical role that disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis plays in the pathogenesis of PD,apoptosis can be reasonably considered as one of the cell death pathways involved in neuronal loss(Schon and Przedborski,2011).Multiple lines of evidence support that proposal such as the observations in postmortem human brain samples of PD patients including mitochondrial complex I deficiency,reactive oxygen species generation,and oxidative damage to lipids,proteins,and DNA,among others.展开更多
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)in patients with surgically altered anatomy remains a challenging field in therapeutic endoscopy due to the complex anatomical reconstructions that limit access to t...Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)in patients with surgically altered anatomy remains a challenging field in therapeutic endoscopy due to the complex anatomical reconstructions that limit access to the biliary tree.Over the past two decades,device-assisted enteroscopy(DAE),including singleballoon,double-balloon,and motorized spiral enteroscopy,has expanded the feasibility of ERCP in this population,with overall technical success rates generally reported between 70%and 90%.Nevertheless,these techniques are technically demanding,time-consuming,and frequently affected by limited reach and unstable positioning.More recently,interventional endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided procedures have emerged as highly effective alternatives,significantly improving clinical outcomes in selected patients,particularly in those with long-limb Roux-en-Y reconstructions where conventional methods are less effective.Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage continues to represent a valuable salvage option when endoscopic approaches fail,though it is associated with a greater burden of reinterventions and adverse events.This minireview provides a comprehensive overview of the main endoscopic strategies for biliary drainage in altered anatomy,focusing on technical considerations,efficacy,and safety profiles of DAE-assisted ERCP,EUS-guided interventions,and motorized systems.The evolving landscape of biliary drainage in this setting highlights the need for tailored treatment strategies,multidisciplinary collaboration,referral to high-volume centers,and further prospective studies to refine patient selection and optimize clinical outcomes.展开更多
Complex genetic relationships between neurodegenerative disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms have been shown, suggesting shared pathogenic mechanisms and emphasizing the potential for developing common therapeutic ...Complex genetic relationships between neurodegenerative disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms have been shown, suggesting shared pathogenic mechanisms and emphasizing the potential for developing common therapeutic targets. Apolipoprotein E(APOE) genotypes and their corresponding protein(Apo E) isoforms may influence the biophysical properties of the cell membrane lipid bilayer. However, the role of APOE in central nervous system pathophysiology extended beyond its lipid transport function. In the present review article, we analyzed the links existing between APOE genotypes and the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative and vascular diseases. APOE genotypes(APOE ε2, APOE ε3, and APOE ε4) were implicated in common mechanisms underlying a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, including sporadic Alzheimer's disease, synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease and Lewy body disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. These shared pathways often involved neuroinflammation, abnormal protein accumulation, or responses to acute detrimental events. Across these conditions, APOE variants are believed to contribute to the modulation of inflammatory responses, the regulation of amyloid and tau pathology, as well as the clearance of proteins such as α-synuclein. The bidirectional interactions among Apo E, amyloid and mitochondrial metabolism, immunomodulatory effects, neuronal repair, and remodeling underscored the complexity of Apo E's role in neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with these conditions since from early phases of cognitive impairment such as mild cognitive impairment and mild behavioral impairment. Besides Apo E-specific isoforms' link to increased neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease(depression, psychosis, aberrant motor behaviors, and anxiety, not apathy), the APOE ε4 genotype was also considered a significant genetic risk factor for Lewy body disease and its worse cognitive outcomes. Conversely, the APOE ε2 variant has been observed not to exert a protective effect equally in all neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, in Lewy body disease, this variant may delay disease onset, paralleling its protective role in Alzheimer's disease, although its role in frontotemporal dementia is uncertain. The APOE ε4 genotype has been associated with adverse cognitive outcomes across other various neurodegenerative conditions. In Parkinson's disease, the APOE ε4 allele significantly impacted cognitive performance, increasing the risk of developing dementia, even in cases of pure synucleinopathies with minimal co-pathology from Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, in traumatic brain injury, recovery rates varied, with APOE ε4 carriers demonstrating a greater risk of poor long-term cognitive outcomes and elevated levels of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, APOE ε4 influenced the age of onset and severity of stroke, as well as the likelihood of developing stroke-associated dementia, potentially due to its role in compromising endothelial integrity and promoting blood–brain barrier dysfunction.展开更多
Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management i...Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries.Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care.This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare profes-sionals.Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this population.Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.Core Tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et al.The study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease.We emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal health.This approach underscores the need for incorporating personalized oral hygiene management into routine prenatal care in order to optimize health outcomes.CONCLUSION This article emphasizes the critical role of personalized oral hygiene management in improving oral health during pregnancy.By tailoring oral care strategies to individual needs,significant improvements in dental health may be achieved,as evidenced by the reduced CAT scores observed in the experimental group in the study by Men et al[25].This personalized approach not only addresses common oral issues such as dental caries and periodontal disease but also underscores the broader implications for maternal and fetal health.Despite the positive results,there remains a gap in consistency in the application of oral health practices during pregnancy,partly due to misconceptions and lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers.Future research should aim at validating these findings across diverse populations,investigating the impact of oral hygiene interventions at various stages of pregnancy,and evaluating their long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.Integrating personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and promoting continuous education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps toward enhancing overall health outcomes.By proactively managing oral health,the risks associated with pregnancy may be reduced while improving maternal and neonatal well-being.展开更多
In this editorial,we reviewed the article by Fadlallah et al that was recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The article provided a comprehensive and in-depth view of the management and treatment...In this editorial,we reviewed the article by Fadlallah et al that was recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The article provided a comprehensive and in-depth view of the management and treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC),one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.The article analyzed the therapeutic modalities and their sequencing,focusing on total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.It highlighted the role of immunotherapy in tumors with high microsatellite instability or deficient mismatch repair,addressing recent advances that have improved prognosis and therapeutic response in localized and metastatic CRC.Innovations in surgical techniques,advanced radiotherapy,and systemic agents targeting specific mutational profiles are also discussed,reflecting on how they revolutionized clinical management.Circulating tumor DNA has emerged as a promising tool for detecting minimal residual disease,prognosis,and therapeutic monitoring,solidifying its role in precision oncology.This review emphasized the importance of technological and therapeutic advancements in improving clinical outcomes and personalizing CRC treatment.展开更多
AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of surveillance colonoscopy,computed tomography(CT),and tumor markers(TMs)in detecting CRC recurrence or metastasis during follow-up after CRC resection.Secondary objectives i...AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of surveillance colonoscopy,computed tomography(CT),and tumor markers(TMs)in detecting CRC recurrence or metastasis during follow-up after CRC resection.Secondary objectives included degree of adherence to clinical practice guidelines surveillance recommendations and factors associated with adherence and all-cause and CRC mortality.METHODS The single-center retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing curative resection of stage I-III CRC during 2010-2015.Follow-up was performed using TMs every 6 months,yearly CT for 5 years,and colonoscopy at years 1 and 4.Demographic,primary tumor data,and results at follow-up were collected.RESULTS Of 574 included patients included,153 had recurrences or metastases.Of this group,136(88.9%)were diagnosed by CT,10(6.5%)by CT and colonoscopy,and 7(4.6%)by colonoscopy;only 67.8%showed TMs elevation.Adherence to follow-up recommendations was 68.8%for the first colonoscopy,74%for the first CT scan,and 96.6%for the first blood test;these values declined over time.Younger age at diagnosis[odds ratio(OR)0.93;95%CI:0.91-0.95],CRC stages I-II(OR 0.38;95%CI:0.24-0.61),and adherence to follow-up recommendations(OR 0.30;95%CI:0.20-0.46)were independently associated with lower risk for all-cause death at 5 years.CONCLUSION CT scan had the highest diagnostic yield.Adherence to follow-up recommendations was low and decreased during follow-up.Younger age at diagnosis,stage,and follow-up adherence were associated with lower 5-year mortality.展开更多
BACKGROUND The use of biomarkers,such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and the neutrophil-to-platelet ratio(NPR),has shown promise in evaluating early outcomes after medical,interventional,and surgical treatm...BACKGROUND The use of biomarkers,such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and the neutrophil-to-platelet ratio(NPR),has shown promise in evaluating early outcomes after medical,interventional,and surgical treatments.NLR has emer-ged as an indicator of systemic inflammation and physiological stress.NPR has emerged as a potential indicator of inflammation and thrombotic risk in the context of surgical and radiological procedures.AIM To analyze the correlation of NLR and NPR with the development of post-liver transplantation(LT)early complications after stratification for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis.METHODS Consecutive patients undergone LT between January 2019 and December 2023 were enrolled.Data regarding the concentration of hemoglobin and the differ-ential leukocyte count on postoperative days(POD)0,1,3,and 5 were collected.RESULTS The dataset included 161 consecutive patients undergone LT.Clavien-Dindo IV-V complications had a good correlation with NLR POD 1(P=0.05),NLR POD 3(P<0.001),NLR POD 7(P<0.001),NPR POD 3(P<0.001).In addition,the NPR ratio on POD 3 correlated with the onset of 30-day hemorrhage(P=0.009).Finally,30-day mortality had a significant association with the NLR POD 1(P=0.03)and with NLR POD 7(P=0.004),while NPR had a significant correlation with 30-day mortality in NPR POD 7(P=0.004).CONCLUSION The analysis of NLR and NPR are strictly correlated with Clavien-Dindo IV-V complications and 30-day post-LT death.展开更多
BACKGROUND Lower salivary uric acid concentrations,the most abundant antioxidant agent in saliva,have been observed in patients with periodontitis compared to individuals with periodontal health.However,the independen...BACKGROUND Lower salivary uric acid concentrations,the most abundant antioxidant agent in saliva,have been observed in patients with periodontitis compared to individuals with periodontal health.However,the independent association of salivary uric acid levels with periodontitis,accounting for other risk factors,as well as its association with periodontitis severity,has not been investigated.AIM To the independent association of salivary uric acid levels with periodontitis and the association of salivary uric acid levels with the severity of periodontitis.METHODS This observational and prospective study measured salivary uric acid levels in subjects with periodontitis(characterized by periodontal loss of tissue)and in subjects without periodontitis(periodontal health or localized gingivitis in<30%of sites).Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine independent factors associated with periodontitis.Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between salivary uric acid levels and periodontitis severity.A receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic performance of salivary uric acid levels in periodontitis,reporting the area under curve(AUC)and its 95%CI.RESULTS We included 121 subjects,61 of them with periodontitis and 60 without periodontitis(39 with periodontal health and 21 with local gingivitis).Subjects with periodontitis compared to those without periodontitis were older(P<0.001),had higher salivary uric acid levels(P=0.002),higher rate of arterial hypertension history(P=0.001)and higher rate of never-smoker history(P<0.001).The AUC for periodontitis diagnosis by salivary uric acid levels was 66%(95%CI:57%-75%;P<0.001)and the better cut-off point was 111 nmol/mL.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an independent association of salivary uric acid levels<111 nmol/mL(OR=6.14;95%CI:2.015-18.721;P=0.001)with periodontitis after controlling for age,never-smoker history and arterial hypertension.A negative correlation of salivary uric acid levels and periodontitis severity was observed(rho=-0.32;P<0.001).CONCLUSION The two novel findings of our research were,first,that low salivary uric acid concentrations are independently associated with periodontitis,even after accounting for established risk factors.Second,salivary uric acid levels show a negative correlation with periodontitis severity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Valvular heart disease affects more than 100 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.The prevalence of at least moderate valvular heart disease is 2.5%across all ...BACKGROUND Valvular heart disease affects more than 100 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.The prevalence of at least moderate valvular heart disease is 2.5%across all age groups,but its prevalence increases with age.Mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis are the most frequent types of valvular heart disease in the community and hospital context,res-pectively.Surgical valve replacement(or mitral valve repair)is the standard of care for treating heart valve disease.However,the replacement of a prosthetic heart valve can lead to complications,either in the peri-procedural phase or in the long-term follow-up period.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of a 71-year-old female patient with a history of mitral valve replacement and warfarin anti-coagulation therapy.She was admitted to the intensive care unit due to spontaneously reperfused ischemic stroke of probable cardioembolic etiology.A dysfunctional mitral prosthesis was identified due to malfunction of one of the fixed discs.Furthermore,a possible microthrombotic lesion was suspected.Therefore,systemic thrombolysis was performed with subsequent normalization of mitral disc opening and closing.CONCLUSION This case underscores the critical importance of a multidisciplinary approach for timely decision-making in critically ill patients with prosthetic valve complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND The CAR-OLT score predicts major adverse cardiovascular events 1 year after liver transplant(LT).AIM To test the hypothesis that the CAR-OLT score may help avoid cardiac stress tests in LT candidates.METHOD...BACKGROUND The CAR-OLT score predicts major adverse cardiovascular events 1 year after liver transplant(LT).AIM To test the hypothesis that the CAR-OLT score may help avoid cardiac stress tests in LT candidates.METHODS This retrospective single-center cohort study included all adult patients undergoing elective evaluation for first cadaveric donor orthotopic LT for liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico in Rome,Italy.Cardiac contraindications for LT listing were defined after a center-specific cardiac workup,which included cardiac stress tests for most patients.The diagnostic accuracy of the CAR-OLT score was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)method.RESULTS A total of 342 LT candidates were evaluated between 2015 and 2019,with a moderate cardiovascular risk profile(37%diabetes,34%hypertension,22%obesity).Of these,80(23%)candidates underwent coronary angiography.Twenty-one(6%)candidates were given cardiac contraindications to LT listing,48%of which were due to coronary artery disease.The CAR-OLT score predicted cardiac contraindications to LT listing with an AUROC of 0.81.The optimal cut-off for sensitivity was a CAR-OLT score≤23,which showed a 99%negative predictive value for cardiac contraindications to LT listing.A total of 84(25%)LT candidates with a CAR-OLT score≤23 underwent 87 non-invasive cardiac tests and 13 coronary angiographies pre-listing,with estimated costs of approximately 48000€.The estimated savings per patient was€574.70 for the Italian National Health System.CONCLUSION A CAR-OLT score≤23 can identify LT candidates who can be safely listed without the need for cardiac stress tests,providing time and cost savings.These findings require external validation.展开更多
Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not complet...Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle alterations(SMAs)are being increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and appear to be associated with deleterious outcomes in the...BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle alterations(SMAs)are being increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and appear to be associated with deleterious outcomes in these patients.However,their actual prevalence and pathophysiology remain to be elucidated.AIM To determine the prevalence of SMAs and to assess the significance of circulating myokines as biomarkers in patients with MASLD.METHODS Skeletal muscle strength and muscle mass were measured in a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 62 patients fulfilling MASLD criteria,recruited from the outpatient clinics of a tertiary level hospital.The degree of fibrosis and liver steatosis was studied using abdominal ultrasound and transitional elastography.Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics as well as serum levels of different myokines were also determined in the MASLD cohort.Statistical analysis was performed comparing results according to liver fibrosis and steatosis.RESULTS No significant differences were found in both skeletal muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass in patients with MASLD between different stages of liver fibrosis.Interestingly,serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF21)were significantly higher in patients with MASLD with advanced hepatic fibrosis(F3-F4)than in those with lower fibrosis stages(F0-F2)(197.49±198.27 pg/mL vs 95.62±83.67 pg/mL;P=0.049).In addition,patients with MASLD with severe hepatosteatosis(S3)exhibited significantly higher serum levels of irisin(1116.87±1161.86 pg/mL)than those with lower grades(S1-S2)(385.21±375.98 pg/mL;P=0.001).CONCLUSION SMAs were uncommon in the patients with MASLD studied.Higher serum levels of irisin and FGF21 were detected in patients with advanced liver steatosis and fibrosis,respectively,with potential implications as biomarkers.展开更多
Data-driven drug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles-challenges and perspectives in neurodegeneration:Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neuronal function in ...Data-driven drug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles-challenges and perspectives in neurodegeneration:Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neuronal function in the central nervous system.These diseases are often characterized as proteinopathies,which are disorders primarily driven by the aggregation or misfolding of specific amyloid proteins within cells,leading to their dysfunction and eventual death.Despite the gain-of-function hypothesis related to the aggregation of these proteins,recently,an alternative hypothesis regarding the loss-of-function of the soluble monomeric proteins during the process of aggregation into amyloids is gaining currency.This last event is called proteinopenia and refers to conditions characterized by a deficiency or decrease in the levels of specific soluble proteins in the body(Ezzat et al.,2023).It has been demonstrated that levels of soluble proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases are decreased.展开更多
Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of t...Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of the study by Yin et al which was published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(2024).The study evaluated the effect of Tongluo Jiedu as an adjuvant treatment for oral cancer.Over the years,there has been a continuous search for effective and less invasive treatments for oral cancer.This article emphasizes and discusses various therapeutic options currently available,and it highlights that early intervention and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional Chinese medicine,particularly Tongluo Jiedu,presents potential complementary approach to co-nventional oral cancer therapies.Future research on Tongluo Jiedu should be focused on validation of its efficacy and safety through large,well-designed clinical trials,as well as better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in-volved,and optimization of therapeutic combinations.Additionally,continuous education of health professionals is key to the effective and safe integration of this traditional medicine into clinical practice.Continuous research is essential for optimization of therapeutic strategies and for addressing the challenges presented by this neoplasm.展开更多
Whilst phosphorus(P)in soil is considered to be abundant,the portion available for plant uptake constitutes less than 1%of the overall P present.To enhance crop productivity,the utilization of mineral P fertilizers ha...Whilst phosphorus(P)in soil is considered to be abundant,the portion available for plant uptake constitutes less than 1%of the overall P present.To enhance crop productivity,the utilization of mineral P fertilizers has become pervasive in agriculture.Nonetheless,the escalating prices of chemical fertilizers,coupled with new European regulations prohibiting the use of P fertilizers containing cadmium,have highlighted the urgency to identify environmentally friendly products and practices for P fertilization in agricultural soils.This comprehensive review delves into the current landscape of P fertilization from agricultural,political,and economic standpoints.We recognize the potential of microbes in mobilizing P,but emphasize the necessity for more robust research to establish their effectiveness in promoting plant P uptake under real-world conditions.Additionally,we explore the role of agricultural conservation practices,such as optimal tillage,diversified cropping systems,and increased organic carbon input,in conserving P.Furthermore,this review contemplates forthcoming innovations in research.These innovations encompass the development of enhanced formulations for biofertilizers and the undertaking of more comprehensive studies within the realm of conservation agriculture.All these endeavors collectively hold the potential to augment P accessibility to plants in a sustainable manner,thereby advancing agricultural sustainability and productivity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI)are common,but knowledge about their physiopathology is still poor,nor valid tools have been used to evaluate them in childhood.AIM To develop a psycho-gastroenterolo...BACKGROUND Disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI)are common,but knowledge about their physiopathology is still poor,nor valid tools have been used to evaluate them in childhood.AIM To develop a psycho-gastroenterological questionnaire(PGQ)to assess the psycho-gastroenterological profile and social characteristics of a pediatric population with and without DGBI.METHODS One hundred and nineteen Italian children(age 11-18)were included:28 outpatient patients with DGBI(Rome IV criteria)and 91 healthy controls.They filled the PGQ,faces pain scale revised(FPS-R),Bristol stool chart,ga-strointestinal symptoms rating scale,state-trait anxiety inventory,Toronto alexithymia scale 20,perceived self-efficacy in the management of negative emotions and expression of positive emotions(APEN-G,APEP-G),irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life questionnaire,school performances,tobacco use,early life events,degree of digital-ization.RESULTS Compared to controls,patients had more medical examinations(35%of them went to the doctor more than five times),a higher school performance(23%vs 13%,P<0.05),didn’t use tobacco(never vs 16%,P<0.05),had early life events(28%vs 1%P<0.05)and a higher percentage of pain classified as 4 in the FPS-R during the examination(14%vs 7%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Pediatric outpatients with DGBI had a higher prevalence of early life events,a lower quality of life,more medical examinations rising health care costs,lower anxiety levels.展开更多
文摘Geotechnical studies are essential in civil engineering for all building and infrastructure projects. Typically, in-situ studies involving soil sample collection through drilling are conducted. However, these invasive methods can be costly when numerous boreholes are needed to assess stratum continuity or are impractical for examining subsurface conditions beneath existing structures. Shallow geophysical exploration offers several non-invasive alternatives for subsurface characterization, with Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) being particularly versatile. ERT provides detailed and accurate subsurface images through a relatively simple and fast field implementation. For this study, four 2D ERT profiles were designed and performed near three buildings at the Centro Universitario de la Costa in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico, using a Gito-1100 V resistivity meter from Hematec with Dipole-Dipole arrays. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated for each data set to establish criteria for outlier removal, optimizing the inversion process in Res2DInv software. The inversion results defined five geoelectric units [UG-1 (1 to 20 Ω‧m), UG-2 (20 to 40 Ω‧m), UG-3 (40 to 100 Ω‧m), UG-4 (100 to 500 Ω‧m), and UG-5 (750 to 1000 Ω‧m)], consistent with previously identified geologic materials. The 2D ERT profiles allowed for the identification of lateral variations in moisture content and saturation and determined the depth of consolidated and possibly cemented materials suitable for future infrastructure projects on the university campus. This work provides a reference framework for implementing the 2D-ERT technique in Puerto Vallarta, supporting its use as a non-invasive alternative for effective subsurface characterization in geotechnical and civil engineering contexts.
文摘Leg-length discrepancy(LLD)in individuals experiencing total hip arthroplasty(THA)is related to a substantially higher fall risk,length of post-operative hospital in-patient stay,elevated implant-related adverse events,and earlier revision.Therefore,it is essential to try to avoid LLD when implanting a THA.Several studies focus on this issue,including the following:Accelerometer-based portable navigation system,preoperative digital templating,robot-assisted surgery,the anatomical marker positioning method(shoulder-to-shoulder)and the artificial intelligence-based three-dimensional planning software system.The aforementioned methods should be familiar to surgeons who perform THA procedures,as a fundamental objective of this surgical intervention is to avoid LLD.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is revolutionizing medical imaging,particularly in chronic liver diseases assessment.AI technologies,including machine learning and deep learning,are increasingly integrated with multiparametric ultrasound(US)techniques to provide more accurate,objective,and non-invasive evaluations of liver fibrosis and steatosis.Analyzing large datasets from US images,AI enhances diagnostic precision,enabling better quantification of liver stiffness and fat content,which are essential for diagnosing and staging liver fibrosis and steatosis.Combining advanced US modalities,such as elastography and doppler imaging with AI,has demonstrated improved sensitivity in identifying different stages of liver disease and distinguishing various degrees of steatotic liver.These advancements also contribute to greater reproducibility and reduced operator dependency,addressing some of the limitations of traditional methods.The clinical implications of AI in liver disease are vast,ranging from early detection to predicting disease progression and evaluating treatment response.Despite these promising developments,challenges such as the need for large-scale datasets,algorithm transparency,and clinical validation remain.The aim of this review is to explore the current applications and future potential of AI in liver fibrosis and steatosis assessment using multiparametric US,highlighting the technological advances and clinical relevance of this emerging field.
基金supported by Linea D.1.2023-24 UniversitàCattolica del S.Cuore(to MTV).
文摘The optimal development,function,and maintenance of the central nervous system(CNS)are determined by the dynamic and continuous crosstalk between its components.Neurons and glial cells,the cellular constituents of the CNS,orchestrate a wide range of essential activities(Allen and Lyons,2018).Notably,glial cells,which outnumber neurons,constitute the major population within the CNS.This population comprises astrocytes,microglia,oligodendrocytes,and ependymal cells,each fulfilling specialized functions that contribute to neural homeostasis and overall CNS integrity.Astrocytes are pivotal in preserving structural and functional integrity through the regulation of synaptic function,the clearance of neurotransmitters,and ion balance.Moreover,they provide metabolic support to neurons.
基金supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/Agencia Española de Investigación(PID2021-124096OB-I00)(to JLV)JGR was granted by Demensfonden,The Royal Physiografic Society of Lund,Neurofonden,The Greta och Johan Kocks stiftelser,and Bertil och Ebon Norlins stiftelse.
文摘Different forms of programmed cell death have been described to participate in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Given the critical role that disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis plays in the pathogenesis of PD,apoptosis can be reasonably considered as one of the cell death pathways involved in neuronal loss(Schon and Przedborski,2011).Multiple lines of evidence support that proposal such as the observations in postmortem human brain samples of PD patients including mitochondrial complex I deficiency,reactive oxygen species generation,and oxidative damage to lipids,proteins,and DNA,among others.
文摘Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)in patients with surgically altered anatomy remains a challenging field in therapeutic endoscopy due to the complex anatomical reconstructions that limit access to the biliary tree.Over the past two decades,device-assisted enteroscopy(DAE),including singleballoon,double-balloon,and motorized spiral enteroscopy,has expanded the feasibility of ERCP in this population,with overall technical success rates generally reported between 70%and 90%.Nevertheless,these techniques are technically demanding,time-consuming,and frequently affected by limited reach and unstable positioning.More recently,interventional endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided procedures have emerged as highly effective alternatives,significantly improving clinical outcomes in selected patients,particularly in those with long-limb Roux-en-Y reconstructions where conventional methods are less effective.Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage continues to represent a valuable salvage option when endoscopic approaches fail,though it is associated with a greater burden of reinterventions and adverse events.This minireview provides a comprehensive overview of the main endoscopic strategies for biliary drainage in altered anatomy,focusing on technical considerations,efficacy,and safety profiles of DAE-assisted ERCP,EUS-guided interventions,and motorized systems.The evolving landscape of biliary drainage in this setting highlights the need for tailored treatment strategies,multidisciplinary collaboration,referral to high-volume centers,and further prospective studies to refine patient selection and optimize clinical outcomes.
文摘Complex genetic relationships between neurodegenerative disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms have been shown, suggesting shared pathogenic mechanisms and emphasizing the potential for developing common therapeutic targets. Apolipoprotein E(APOE) genotypes and their corresponding protein(Apo E) isoforms may influence the biophysical properties of the cell membrane lipid bilayer. However, the role of APOE in central nervous system pathophysiology extended beyond its lipid transport function. In the present review article, we analyzed the links existing between APOE genotypes and the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative and vascular diseases. APOE genotypes(APOE ε2, APOE ε3, and APOE ε4) were implicated in common mechanisms underlying a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, including sporadic Alzheimer's disease, synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease and Lewy body disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. These shared pathways often involved neuroinflammation, abnormal protein accumulation, or responses to acute detrimental events. Across these conditions, APOE variants are believed to contribute to the modulation of inflammatory responses, the regulation of amyloid and tau pathology, as well as the clearance of proteins such as α-synuclein. The bidirectional interactions among Apo E, amyloid and mitochondrial metabolism, immunomodulatory effects, neuronal repair, and remodeling underscored the complexity of Apo E's role in neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with these conditions since from early phases of cognitive impairment such as mild cognitive impairment and mild behavioral impairment. Besides Apo E-specific isoforms' link to increased neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease(depression, psychosis, aberrant motor behaviors, and anxiety, not apathy), the APOE ε4 genotype was also considered a significant genetic risk factor for Lewy body disease and its worse cognitive outcomes. Conversely, the APOE ε2 variant has been observed not to exert a protective effect equally in all neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, in Lewy body disease, this variant may delay disease onset, paralleling its protective role in Alzheimer's disease, although its role in frontotemporal dementia is uncertain. The APOE ε4 genotype has been associated with adverse cognitive outcomes across other various neurodegenerative conditions. In Parkinson's disease, the APOE ε4 allele significantly impacted cognitive performance, increasing the risk of developing dementia, even in cases of pure synucleinopathies with minimal co-pathology from Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, in traumatic brain injury, recovery rates varied, with APOE ε4 carriers demonstrating a greater risk of poor long-term cognitive outcomes and elevated levels of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, APOE ε4 influenced the age of onset and severity of stroke, as well as the likelihood of developing stroke-associated dementia, potentially due to its role in compromising endothelial integrity and promoting blood–brain barrier dysfunction.
文摘Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries.Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care.This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare profes-sionals.Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this population.Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.Core Tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et al.The study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease.We emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal health.This approach underscores the need for incorporating personalized oral hygiene management into routine prenatal care in order to optimize health outcomes.CONCLUSION This article emphasizes the critical role of personalized oral hygiene management in improving oral health during pregnancy.By tailoring oral care strategies to individual needs,significant improvements in dental health may be achieved,as evidenced by the reduced CAT scores observed in the experimental group in the study by Men et al[25].This personalized approach not only addresses common oral issues such as dental caries and periodontal disease but also underscores the broader implications for maternal and fetal health.Despite the positive results,there remains a gap in consistency in the application of oral health practices during pregnancy,partly due to misconceptions and lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers.Future research should aim at validating these findings across diverse populations,investigating the impact of oral hygiene interventions at various stages of pregnancy,and evaluating their long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.Integrating personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and promoting continuous education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps toward enhancing overall health outcomes.By proactively managing oral health,the risks associated with pregnancy may be reduced while improving maternal and neonatal well-being.
文摘In this editorial,we reviewed the article by Fadlallah et al that was recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The article provided a comprehensive and in-depth view of the management and treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC),one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.The article analyzed the therapeutic modalities and their sequencing,focusing on total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.It highlighted the role of immunotherapy in tumors with high microsatellite instability or deficient mismatch repair,addressing recent advances that have improved prognosis and therapeutic response in localized and metastatic CRC.Innovations in surgical techniques,advanced radiotherapy,and systemic agents targeting specific mutational profiles are also discussed,reflecting on how they revolutionized clinical management.Circulating tumor DNA has emerged as a promising tool for detecting minimal residual disease,prognosis,and therapeutic monitoring,solidifying its role in precision oncology.This review emphasized the importance of technological and therapeutic advancements in improving clinical outcomes and personalizing CRC treatment.
基金Supported by Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ISABIAL,No.P42022-0275.
文摘AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of surveillance colonoscopy,computed tomography(CT),and tumor markers(TMs)in detecting CRC recurrence or metastasis during follow-up after CRC resection.Secondary objectives included degree of adherence to clinical practice guidelines surveillance recommendations and factors associated with adherence and all-cause and CRC mortality.METHODS The single-center retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing curative resection of stage I-III CRC during 2010-2015.Follow-up was performed using TMs every 6 months,yearly CT for 5 years,and colonoscopy at years 1 and 4.Demographic,primary tumor data,and results at follow-up were collected.RESULTS Of 574 included patients included,153 had recurrences or metastases.Of this group,136(88.9%)were diagnosed by CT,10(6.5%)by CT and colonoscopy,and 7(4.6%)by colonoscopy;only 67.8%showed TMs elevation.Adherence to follow-up recommendations was 68.8%for the first colonoscopy,74%for the first CT scan,and 96.6%for the first blood test;these values declined over time.Younger age at diagnosis[odds ratio(OR)0.93;95%CI:0.91-0.95],CRC stages I-II(OR 0.38;95%CI:0.24-0.61),and adherence to follow-up recommendations(OR 0.30;95%CI:0.20-0.46)were independently associated with lower risk for all-cause death at 5 years.CONCLUSION CT scan had the highest diagnostic yield.Adherence to follow-up recommendations was low and decreased during follow-up.Younger age at diagnosis,stage,and follow-up adherence were associated with lower 5-year mortality.
文摘BACKGROUND The use of biomarkers,such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and the neutrophil-to-platelet ratio(NPR),has shown promise in evaluating early outcomes after medical,interventional,and surgical treatments.NLR has emer-ged as an indicator of systemic inflammation and physiological stress.NPR has emerged as a potential indicator of inflammation and thrombotic risk in the context of surgical and radiological procedures.AIM To analyze the correlation of NLR and NPR with the development of post-liver transplantation(LT)early complications after stratification for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis.METHODS Consecutive patients undergone LT between January 2019 and December 2023 were enrolled.Data regarding the concentration of hemoglobin and the differ-ential leukocyte count on postoperative days(POD)0,1,3,and 5 were collected.RESULTS The dataset included 161 consecutive patients undergone LT.Clavien-Dindo IV-V complications had a good correlation with NLR POD 1(P=0.05),NLR POD 3(P<0.001),NLR POD 7(P<0.001),NPR POD 3(P<0.001).In addition,the NPR ratio on POD 3 correlated with the onset of 30-day hemorrhage(P=0.009).Finally,30-day mortality had a significant association with the NLR POD 1(P=0.03)and with NLR POD 7(P=0.004),while NPR had a significant correlation with 30-day mortality in NPR POD 7(P=0.004).CONCLUSION The analysis of NLR and NPR are strictly correlated with Clavien-Dindo IV-V complications and 30-day post-LT death.
文摘BACKGROUND Lower salivary uric acid concentrations,the most abundant antioxidant agent in saliva,have been observed in patients with periodontitis compared to individuals with periodontal health.However,the independent association of salivary uric acid levels with periodontitis,accounting for other risk factors,as well as its association with periodontitis severity,has not been investigated.AIM To the independent association of salivary uric acid levels with periodontitis and the association of salivary uric acid levels with the severity of periodontitis.METHODS This observational and prospective study measured salivary uric acid levels in subjects with periodontitis(characterized by periodontal loss of tissue)and in subjects without periodontitis(periodontal health or localized gingivitis in<30%of sites).Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine independent factors associated with periodontitis.Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between salivary uric acid levels and periodontitis severity.A receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic performance of salivary uric acid levels in periodontitis,reporting the area under curve(AUC)and its 95%CI.RESULTS We included 121 subjects,61 of them with periodontitis and 60 without periodontitis(39 with periodontal health and 21 with local gingivitis).Subjects with periodontitis compared to those without periodontitis were older(P<0.001),had higher salivary uric acid levels(P=0.002),higher rate of arterial hypertension history(P=0.001)and higher rate of never-smoker history(P<0.001).The AUC for periodontitis diagnosis by salivary uric acid levels was 66%(95%CI:57%-75%;P<0.001)and the better cut-off point was 111 nmol/mL.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an independent association of salivary uric acid levels<111 nmol/mL(OR=6.14;95%CI:2.015-18.721;P=0.001)with periodontitis after controlling for age,never-smoker history and arterial hypertension.A negative correlation of salivary uric acid levels and periodontitis severity was observed(rho=-0.32;P<0.001).CONCLUSION The two novel findings of our research were,first,that low salivary uric acid concentrations are independently associated with periodontitis,even after accounting for established risk factors.Second,salivary uric acid levels show a negative correlation with periodontitis severity.
文摘BACKGROUND Valvular heart disease affects more than 100 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.The prevalence of at least moderate valvular heart disease is 2.5%across all age groups,but its prevalence increases with age.Mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis are the most frequent types of valvular heart disease in the community and hospital context,res-pectively.Surgical valve replacement(or mitral valve repair)is the standard of care for treating heart valve disease.However,the replacement of a prosthetic heart valve can lead to complications,either in the peri-procedural phase or in the long-term follow-up period.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of a 71-year-old female patient with a history of mitral valve replacement and warfarin anti-coagulation therapy.She was admitted to the intensive care unit due to spontaneously reperfused ischemic stroke of probable cardioembolic etiology.A dysfunctional mitral prosthesis was identified due to malfunction of one of the fixed discs.Furthermore,a possible microthrombotic lesion was suspected.Therefore,systemic thrombolysis was performed with subsequent normalization of mitral disc opening and closing.CONCLUSION This case underscores the critical importance of a multidisciplinary approach for timely decision-making in critically ill patients with prosthetic valve complications.
文摘BACKGROUND The CAR-OLT score predicts major adverse cardiovascular events 1 year after liver transplant(LT).AIM To test the hypothesis that the CAR-OLT score may help avoid cardiac stress tests in LT candidates.METHODS This retrospective single-center cohort study included all adult patients undergoing elective evaluation for first cadaveric donor orthotopic LT for liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico in Rome,Italy.Cardiac contraindications for LT listing were defined after a center-specific cardiac workup,which included cardiac stress tests for most patients.The diagnostic accuracy of the CAR-OLT score was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)method.RESULTS A total of 342 LT candidates were evaluated between 2015 and 2019,with a moderate cardiovascular risk profile(37%diabetes,34%hypertension,22%obesity).Of these,80(23%)candidates underwent coronary angiography.Twenty-one(6%)candidates were given cardiac contraindications to LT listing,48%of which were due to coronary artery disease.The CAR-OLT score predicted cardiac contraindications to LT listing with an AUROC of 0.81.The optimal cut-off for sensitivity was a CAR-OLT score≤23,which showed a 99%negative predictive value for cardiac contraindications to LT listing.A total of 84(25%)LT candidates with a CAR-OLT score≤23 underwent 87 non-invasive cardiac tests and 13 coronary angiographies pre-listing,with estimated costs of approximately 48000€.The estimated savings per patient was€574.70 for the Italian National Health System.CONCLUSION A CAR-OLT score≤23 can identify LT candidates who can be safely listed without the need for cardiac stress tests,providing time and cost savings.These findings require external validation.
基金supported by UniversitàCattolica(D1 intramural funds to RP)Italian Ministry of University and Research(PRIN 2022ZYLB7B,P2022YW7BP funds to CG).
文摘Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.
文摘BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle alterations(SMAs)are being increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and appear to be associated with deleterious outcomes in these patients.However,their actual prevalence and pathophysiology remain to be elucidated.AIM To determine the prevalence of SMAs and to assess the significance of circulating myokines as biomarkers in patients with MASLD.METHODS Skeletal muscle strength and muscle mass were measured in a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 62 patients fulfilling MASLD criteria,recruited from the outpatient clinics of a tertiary level hospital.The degree of fibrosis and liver steatosis was studied using abdominal ultrasound and transitional elastography.Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics as well as serum levels of different myokines were also determined in the MASLD cohort.Statistical analysis was performed comparing results according to liver fibrosis and steatosis.RESULTS No significant differences were found in both skeletal muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass in patients with MASLD between different stages of liver fibrosis.Interestingly,serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF21)were significantly higher in patients with MASLD with advanced hepatic fibrosis(F3-F4)than in those with lower fibrosis stages(F0-F2)(197.49±198.27 pg/mL vs 95.62±83.67 pg/mL;P=0.049).In addition,patients with MASLD with severe hepatosteatosis(S3)exhibited significantly higher serum levels of irisin(1116.87±1161.86 pg/mL)than those with lower grades(S1-S2)(385.21±375.98 pg/mL;P=0.001).CONCLUSION SMAs were uncommon in the patients with MASLD studied.Higher serum levels of irisin and FGF21 were detected in patients with advanced liver steatosis and fibrosis,respectively,with potential implications as biomarkers.
基金funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities(Ref.PID2019-110356RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)to JFI and ESthe Department of Economic and Business Development from Government of Navarra(Ref.0011-1411-2023-000028 to ES)+2 种基金supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Public University of Navarra(UPNA)supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Miguel Servet Foundation-Navarrabiomedsupported by“Programa MRR Investigo 2023”in the framework of the European Union recovery and resilience facility。
文摘Data-driven drug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles-challenges and perspectives in neurodegeneration:Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neuronal function in the central nervous system.These diseases are often characterized as proteinopathies,which are disorders primarily driven by the aggregation or misfolding of specific amyloid proteins within cells,leading to their dysfunction and eventual death.Despite the gain-of-function hypothesis related to the aggregation of these proteins,recently,an alternative hypothesis regarding the loss-of-function of the soluble monomeric proteins during the process of aggregation into amyloids is gaining currency.This last event is called proteinopenia and refers to conditions characterized by a deficiency or decrease in the levels of specific soluble proteins in the body(Ezzat et al.,2023).It has been demonstrated that levels of soluble proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases are decreased.
文摘Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of the study by Yin et al which was published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(2024).The study evaluated the effect of Tongluo Jiedu as an adjuvant treatment for oral cancer.Over the years,there has been a continuous search for effective and less invasive treatments for oral cancer.This article emphasizes and discusses various therapeutic options currently available,and it highlights that early intervention and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional Chinese medicine,particularly Tongluo Jiedu,presents potential complementary approach to co-nventional oral cancer therapies.Future research on Tongluo Jiedu should be focused on validation of its efficacy and safety through large,well-designed clinical trials,as well as better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in-volved,and optimization of therapeutic combinations.Additionally,continuous education of health professionals is key to the effective and safe integration of this traditional medicine into clinical practice.Continuous research is essential for optimization of therapeutic strategies and for addressing the challenges presented by this neoplasm.
基金financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)(No.PID20211234690BI00)the European Joint Program EJP_Soil(TRACE-Soils)(No.862695)+1 种基金the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(RED2018-102624TMCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)the Project PREPSOIL European Union(No.101070045,HORIZON CSA)。
文摘Whilst phosphorus(P)in soil is considered to be abundant,the portion available for plant uptake constitutes less than 1%of the overall P present.To enhance crop productivity,the utilization of mineral P fertilizers has become pervasive in agriculture.Nonetheless,the escalating prices of chemical fertilizers,coupled with new European regulations prohibiting the use of P fertilizers containing cadmium,have highlighted the urgency to identify environmentally friendly products and practices for P fertilization in agricultural soils.This comprehensive review delves into the current landscape of P fertilization from agricultural,political,and economic standpoints.We recognize the potential of microbes in mobilizing P,but emphasize the necessity for more robust research to establish their effectiveness in promoting plant P uptake under real-world conditions.Additionally,we explore the role of agricultural conservation practices,such as optimal tillage,diversified cropping systems,and increased organic carbon input,in conserving P.Furthermore,this review contemplates forthcoming innovations in research.These innovations encompass the development of enhanced formulations for biofertilizers and the undertaking of more comprehensive studies within the realm of conservation agriculture.All these endeavors collectively hold the potential to augment P accessibility to plants in a sustainable manner,thereby advancing agricultural sustainability and productivity.
文摘BACKGROUND Disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI)are common,but knowledge about their physiopathology is still poor,nor valid tools have been used to evaluate them in childhood.AIM To develop a psycho-gastroenterological questionnaire(PGQ)to assess the psycho-gastroenterological profile and social characteristics of a pediatric population with and without DGBI.METHODS One hundred and nineteen Italian children(age 11-18)were included:28 outpatient patients with DGBI(Rome IV criteria)and 91 healthy controls.They filled the PGQ,faces pain scale revised(FPS-R),Bristol stool chart,ga-strointestinal symptoms rating scale,state-trait anxiety inventory,Toronto alexithymia scale 20,perceived self-efficacy in the management of negative emotions and expression of positive emotions(APEN-G,APEP-G),irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life questionnaire,school performances,tobacco use,early life events,degree of digital-ization.RESULTS Compared to controls,patients had more medical examinations(35%of them went to the doctor more than five times),a higher school performance(23%vs 13%,P<0.05),didn’t use tobacco(never vs 16%,P<0.05),had early life events(28%vs 1%P<0.05)and a higher percentage of pain classified as 4 in the FPS-R during the examination(14%vs 7%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Pediatric outpatients with DGBI had a higher prevalence of early life events,a lower quality of life,more medical examinations rising health care costs,lower anxiety levels.
