Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains a leading global health challenge due to its high mortality rate and the complexity of early diagnosis,driven by risk factors such as hypertension,high cholesterol,and irregular puls...Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains a leading global health challenge due to its high mortality rate and the complexity of early diagnosis,driven by risk factors such as hypertension,high cholesterol,and irregular pulse rates.Traditional diagnostic methods often struggle with the nuanced interplay of these risk factors,making early detection difficult.In this research,we propose a novel artificial intelligence-enabled(AI-enabled)framework for CVD risk prediction that integrates machine learning(ML)with eXplainable AI(XAI)to provide both high-accuracy predictions and transparent,interpretable insights.Compared to existing studies that typically focus on either optimizing ML performance or using XAI separately for local or global explanations,our approach uniquely combines both local and global interpretability using Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations(LIME)and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).This dual integration enhances the interpretability of the model and facilitates clinicians to comprehensively understand not just what the model predicts but also why those predictions are made by identifying the contribution of different risk factors,which is crucial for transparent and informed decision-making in healthcare.The framework uses ML techniques such as K-nearest neighbors(KNN),gradient boosting,random forest,and decision tree,trained on a cardiovascular dataset.Additionally,the integration of LIME and SHAP provides patient-specific insights alongside global trends,ensuring that clinicians receive comprehensive and actionable information.Our experimental results achieve 98%accuracy with the Random Forest model,with precision,recall,and F1-scores of 97%,98%,and 98%,respectively.The innovative combination of SHAP and LIME sets a new benchmark in CVD prediction by integrating advanced ML accuracy with robust interpretability,fills a critical gap in existing approaches.This framework paves the way for more explainable and transparent decision-making in healthcare,ensuring that the model is not only accurate but also trustworthy and actionable for clinicians.展开更多
Aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the potential relationship between mi RNAs and hepatitis B virus(HBV)-hepatitis C virus(HCV) related liver diseases. A systematic computerbased sea...Aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the potential relationship between mi RNAs and hepatitis B virus(HBV)-hepatitis C virus(HCV) related liver diseases. A systematic computerbased search of published articles, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement, was performed to identify relevant studies on usefulness of serum/plasma/urine mi RNAs, as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of HBV and HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) development, as well as for its prognostic evaluation. The used Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords were: "HBV", "HCV", "hepatocellular carcinoma", "micro RNAs", "mi RNAs", "diagnosis", "prognosis", "therapy", "treatment". Some serum/plasma mi RNAs, including mi R-21, mi R-122, mi-125a/b, mi R-199a/b, mi R-221, mi R-222, mi R-223, mi R-224 might serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis/prognosis of HCC, but, to date, not definitive results or well-defined panels of mi RNAs have been obtained. More well-designed studies, focusing on populations of different geographical areas and involving larger series of patients, should be carried out to improve our knowledge on the potential role of mi RNAs for HCC early detection and prognosis.展开更多
Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications.It has been increasingly used in neurodevelopmental disorders,especially attention-defic...Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications.It has been increasingly used in neurodevelopmental disorders,especially attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),but its efficacy(based on effect size calculations),safety,and stimulation parameters have not been systematically examined.In this systematic review,we aimed to(1)explore the effectiveness of tDCS on the clinical symptoms and neuropsychological deficits of ADHD patients,(2)evaluate the safety of tDCS application,especially in children with ADHD,(3)model the electrical field intensity in the target regions based on the commonly-applied and effective versus less-effective protocols,and(4)discuss and propose advanced tDCS parameters.Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach,a literature search identified 14 empirical experiments investigating tDCS effects in ADHD.Partial improving effects of tDCS on cognitive deficits(response inhibition,working memory,attention,and cognitive flexibility)or clinical symptoms(e.g.,impulsivity and inattention)are reported in10 studies.No serious adverse effects are reported in 747 sessions of tDCS.The left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are the regions most often targeted,and anodal tDCS the protocol most often applied.An intensity of 2 mA induced stronger electrical fields than 1 mA in adults with ADHD and was associated with significant behavioral changes.In ADHD children,however,the electrical field induced by 1 mA,which is likely larger than the electrical field induced by 1 mA in adults due to the smaller head size of children,was sufficient to result in significant behavioral change.Overall,tDCS seems to be a promising method for improving ADHD deficits.However,the clinical utility of tDCS in ADHD cannot yet be concluded and requires further systematic investigation in larger sample sizes.Cortical regions involved in ADHD pathophysiology,stimulation parameters(e.g.intensity,duration,polarity,and electrode size),and types of symptom/deficit are potential determinants of tDCS efficacy in ADHD.Developmental aspects of tDCS in childhood ADHD should be considered as well.展开更多
The Eu(Ⅲ)nitrate complex of the meso-N,N’-bis(2-pyridylmethylene)-1,2-(R,S)-cyclohexanediamine ligand was synthesized and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction.The crystal lattice of the compl...The Eu(Ⅲ)nitrate complex of the meso-N,N’-bis(2-pyridylmethylene)-1,2-(R,S)-cyclohexanediamine ligand was synthesized and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction.The crystal lattice of the complex is capable of absorbing and desorbing selectively acetonitrile molecules,at 293 K upon an acetonitrile vapor pressure of^0.1×10^5 Pa.This process,which is partially reversible,can be easily followed by both powder X-ray diffraction(P-XRD)and Eu(III)luminescence spectroscopy.The acetonitrile molecule,located in the outer coordination sphere of the metal ion,does not affect the radiative transition probability of 5 D0 level of Eu(Ⅲ)and also it does not activate further non-radiative channels from this level.On the other hand,this molecule is capable of affecting the energy position and intensities of the crystal field components of the 5 D0→7 F2 transition.The complex in solid form can be considered a promising material for the optical sensing of acetonitrile vapors.展开更多
NMR relaxation analysis provides a unique and non-invasive probe of fluid dynamics within porous materials,and may be applied to the interpretation of a wide variety of material and interfacial characteristics.Here,we...NMR relaxation analysis provides a unique and non-invasive probe of fluid dynamics within porous materials,and may be applied to the interpretation of a wide variety of material and interfacial characteristics.Here,we report two-dimensional^(1)H T_(1)-T_(2)relaxation correlation measurements of a range of three-carbon adsorbates(1-propanol,2-propanol and propanoic acid)imbibed within the mesoporous metal oxide gamma-alumina.Our data,acquired across field strengths of 2 MHz,12.7 MHz and 43 MHz,clearly reveal two populations in each measurement,identified as the alkyl and hydroxyl moieties of each adsorbate.These results expand the range of materials in which such functional group resolved relaxation is known to occur,and demonstrate the clear persistence of such phenomena using a range of typical benchtop NMR systems employed to study fluid-saturated porous media.展开更多
Hydrogen atmosphere pulsating white dwarfs,also known as DAV stars,are the most abundant type of pulsating white dwarfs.High-temperature DAV stars in general exhibit a small number of pulsation modes and stable freque...Hydrogen atmosphere pulsating white dwarfs,also known as DAV stars,are the most abundant type of pulsating white dwarfs.High-temperature DAV stars in general exhibit a small number of pulsation modes and stable frequencies.G132-12 is one of the pulsating hydrogen atmosphere white dwarf stars which lies close to the blue edge of the instability strip.Previous researches reported that G132-12 might have only one pulsation mode with the period of 212.69 s.To study the pulsation properties of G132-12 in detail,we carried out a bi-site observation campaign in October 2019.Time series photometric data were collected during around 154 h in total.A Fourier analysis reveals three frequencies which are identified as the triplet of an l=1 g-mode pulsation with the period of 212.499 s.The rotational period is derived as Prot=35.0±6.7 h and the inclination of the rotational axis to the line of sight is 70°.G132-12 could be an ideal target for measuring the cooling scale of this white dwarf star with only one excited pulsation mode detected.展开更多
Dominant optic atrophy has been associated with mutations in the OPA1 gene, which encodes for a dynamin- related GTPase, a mitochondrial protein implicated in the formation and maintenance of mitochondrial network and...Dominant optic atrophy has been associated with mutations in the OPA1 gene, which encodes for a dynamin- related GTPase, a mitochondrial protein implicated in the formation and maintenance of mitochondrial network and morphology. We used phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess calf muscle oxidative metabolism in six patients from two unrelated families carrying the c.2708- 2711delTTAG deletion in exon 27 of the OPA1 gene. The rate of postexercise phosphocreatine resynthesis, a measure of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production rate, was significantly delayed in the patients. Our in vivo results show for the first time to our knowledge a deficit of oxidative phosphorylation in OPA1- related DOA.展开更多
The need to standardise stratigraphical subdivisions of continuous marine sedimentary successions that outcrop for hundreds metres, using clearly defined points fixed in the field is strongly felt. A proposal is prese...The need to standardise stratigraphical subdivisions of continuous marine sedimentary successions that outcrop for hundreds metres, using clearly defined points fixed in the field is strongly felt. A proposal is presented here to formalize regional stages for the Lower Pleistocene （Calabrian） and for the Middle Pleistocene （Ionian） in Italy. The sections are well exposed, carefully investigated using multiple criteria （an integrated stratigraphical approach） and located in the central part of the Mediterranean. This area is recognized worldwide as a classical region for the Neogene and the Pleistocene sequences. The terrestrial record is directly correlated with the deep-sea record, as determined from ODP Sites 653 （Tyrrhenian Sea）, 963 （Sicily Channel） and 964 （Ionian Sea）from the central Mediterranean. The present formal proposal is consistent with the INQUA and ICS decision to define and correlate the Plio/Pleistocene boundary （GSSP at Vrica） within the Olduvai Subchron, at 1.81 My, the Lower/Middle Pleistocene boundary at the Matuyama/Brunhes reversal at 0. 78 My and the Middle/ Upper Pleistocene boundary with the base of MIS 5, approximately 0. 13My. The present proposal also is consistent with the call for stage unit stratotypes that emphasize both the physical content of a stage and its boundaries （Hilgen et al., 2006）.展开更多
Environmental impacts of genetically modified crops are mandatorily assessed during their premarket phase. One of the areas of concern is the possible impact on nontar- get organisms. Crops expressing Cry toxins might...Environmental impacts of genetically modified crops are mandatorily assessed during their premarket phase. One of the areas of concern is the possible impact on nontar- get organisms. Crops expressing Cry toxins might affect Lepidoptera larvae living outside cultivated fields, through pollen deposition on wild plants, which constitute their food source. While pollen toxicity varies among different events, possible exposure ofnontarget species depends on the agro-environmental conditions. This study was conducted in two protected areas in Italy, characterized by different climatic conditions, where many Lepi- doptera species thrive in proximity to maize cultivations. To estimate the possible exposure in absence of the actual stressor （e.g., Cryl-expressing maize plants）, we conducted a two-year field survey of butterflies and weeds. Indicator species were selected--Aglais （Inachis） io in the Northern site and Vanessa cardui in the Southern site--and their phe- nology was investigated. Pollen dispersal from maize fields was measured by collection in Petri dishes. Duration and frequency of exposure was defined by the overlap between pollen emission and presence of larvae on host plants. Different risk scenarios are expected in the two regions： highest exposure is foreseen forA. io in the Northern site, while minimal exposure is estimated for V. cardui in the Southern site. In the latter case, locally grown maize cultivars flower in mid-summer in coincidence with an aestivation period for several butterfly species due to hot and dry conditions. Moreover, host plants of V. cardui are at the end of their life cycle thus limiting food availability.展开更多
Topological Persistence has proven to be a promising framework for dealing with problems concerning shape analysis and comparison.In this contexts,it was originally introduced by taking into account 1-dimensional prop...Topological Persistence has proven to be a promising framework for dealing with problems concerning shape analysis and comparison.In this contexts,it was originally introduced by taking into account 1-dimensional properties of shapes,modeled by real-valued functions.More recently,Topological Persistence has been generalized to consider multidimensional proper ties of shapes,coded by vect or-valued functions.This extension has led to int roduce suitable shape descrip tors,named the multidimensional persis tence Betti numbers functions,and a distance to compare them,the so-called multidimensional matching distance.In this paper we propose a new computational framework to deal with the multidimensional matching distance.We start by proving some new theoretical results,and then we use them to formulate an algorithm for computing such a distance up to an arbitrary threshold error.展开更多
Mechanotransduction is the process that enables the conversion of mechanical cues into biochemical signaling.While all our cells are well known to be sensitive to such stimuli,the details of the systemic interaction b...Mechanotransduction is the process that enables the conversion of mechanical cues into biochemical signaling.While all our cells are well known to be sensitive to such stimuli,the details of the systemic interaction between mechanical input and inflammation are not well integrated.Often,indeed,they are considered and studied in relatively compartmentalized areas,and we therefore argue here that to understand the relationship of mechanical stimuli with inflammation-with a high translational potential-it is crucial to offer and analyze a unified view of mechanotransduction.We therefore present here pathway representation,recollected with the standard systems biology markup language(SBML)and explored with network biology approaches,offering RAC1 as an exemplar and emerging molecule with potential for medical translation.展开更多
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?The stereoselective gold catalyzed manipulation of in doles with n-alcohols.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please s...What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?The stereoselective gold catalyzed manipulation of in doles with n-alcohols.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?Step-by-step. Specifically, by merging our background on catalytic alkylation of arenes with an emerging area (at that time) such as homogeneous gold catalysis.What is the most important personality for a researcher?? Leadership, attitude in motivating early-stage scientists and capability of combining scientific inputs of different heritage for a single and ultimate goal.展开更多
When "dark"is bright:the scarcely explored electrophilic profile of the indolyl core(dark side)continues to inspire developments in organic synthesis by means of new catalytic methodologies.Recent advancemen...When "dark"is bright:the scarcely explored electrophilic profile of the indolyl core(dark side)continues to inspire developments in organic synthesis by means of new catalytic methodologies.Recent advancements in the field enabled molecular diversity and complexity to be effectively realized within heterocyclic chemistry.展开更多
The name Calabrian was introduced in the geological literature by the French stratigrapher Maurice Gignoux in 1910, and later described in his important monograph （633 pages） ＂Les formations marines pliocknes et qu...The name Calabrian was introduced in the geological literature by the French stratigrapher Maurice Gignoux in 1910, and later described in his important monograph （633 pages） ＂Les formations marines pliocknes et quaternaires de l＇ltalie du sud et de la Sicile ＂published in 1913. Detailed data were provided on several sections （Santa Maria di Catanzaro, Caraffa, Monasterace, Palermo） and on their fossil content. The Calabrian Stage has commonly been used for over fifty years as the oldest subdivision of the Qua- ternary, notably in the time scales of Berggren ＆ van Cou- vering （1974） and Haq ＆ Eysinga （1987）. However, after the GSSP for the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary （P/P） was approved by INQUA in 1982 and ratified by lUGS in 1984 at the Vrica section of Calabria, there was a decline in the usage of the stage name, and an increasing tendency by many Quaternary workers to question the boundary stratotype. This was because there was increasing evidence that it did not correspond to the beginning of the ＂ice age＂. In doing so, they were not complying with the recommendations presented at the 18th International Geological Congress （IGC） in London, 1948 （Oakley, 1950）.展开更多
Humankind draws important benefits from large-scale ecological processes termed ecosystem services, yet the status of several of them is declining. Reliable monitoring methods are essential for tracking the status of ...Humankind draws important benefits from large-scale ecological processes termed ecosystem services, yet the status of several of them is declining. Reliable monitoring methods are essential for tracking the status of ecosystem services. Predation is the mainstay of natural pest control, a key ecosystem service. We used green plasticine caterpillars to monitor predation pressure, and to obtain baseline data on predator activity in transgenic Bt versus non-Bt maize fields in Old and New World countries. Predation pressure was measured at ground and canopy levels using an identical, small-plot experimental design in four European countries (Denmark, Slovakia, Romania and Italy) and Argentina. Total predation rate in maize was l l.7%d^-1 (min. 7.2%d^-1 in Argentina, max. 29.0%d^-1 in Romania). Artificial caterpillars were attacked both by invertebrates (mostly chewing insects with 42.0% of the attack marks, and ants with 7.1%, but also predatory and parasitoid wasps, spiders and slugs), and vertebrates (small mammals 25.5%, and birds 20.2%). Total predation at ground level (15.7%d^-1) was significantly higher than in maize canopies (6.0%d^-1) in all countries, except Argentina. We found no significant differences between predator pressure in Bt versus non-Bt maize plots. The artificial caterpillar method provided comparable, quantitative data on predation intensity, and proved to be suitable for monitoring natural pest control. This method usefully expands the existing toolkit by directly measuring ecological function rather than structure.展开更多
CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a mission developed by CNSA(Chinese National Space Administration) and ASI(Italian Space Agency), to investigate the near-Earth electromagnetic, plasma and particle envi...CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a mission developed by CNSA(Chinese National Space Administration) and ASI(Italian Space Agency), to investigate the near-Earth electromagnetic, plasma and particle environment, for studying the seismo-associated disturbances in the ionosphere-magnetosphere transition zone. The anthropogenic and electromagnetic noise,as well as the natural non-seismic electromagnetic emissions is mainly due to tropospheric activity. In particular, the mission aims to confirming the existence of possible temporal correlations between the occurrence of earthquakes for medium and strong magnitude and the observation in space of electromagnetic perturbations, plasma variations and precipitation of bursts with highenergy charged particles from the inner Van Allen belt. In this framework, the high energy particle detector(HEPD) of the CSES mission has been developed by the Italian LIMADOU Collaboration. HEPD is an advanced detector based on a tower of scintillators and a silicon tracker that provides good energy and angular resolution and a wide angular acceptance, for electrons of 3–100 Me V, protons of 30–200 Me V and light nuclei up to the oxygen. CSES satellite has been launched on February 2^(nd), 2018 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center(China).展开更多
基金funded by Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSPD2025R947),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains a leading global health challenge due to its high mortality rate and the complexity of early diagnosis,driven by risk factors such as hypertension,high cholesterol,and irregular pulse rates.Traditional diagnostic methods often struggle with the nuanced interplay of these risk factors,making early detection difficult.In this research,we propose a novel artificial intelligence-enabled(AI-enabled)framework for CVD risk prediction that integrates machine learning(ML)with eXplainable AI(XAI)to provide both high-accuracy predictions and transparent,interpretable insights.Compared to existing studies that typically focus on either optimizing ML performance or using XAI separately for local or global explanations,our approach uniquely combines both local and global interpretability using Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations(LIME)and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).This dual integration enhances the interpretability of the model and facilitates clinicians to comprehensively understand not just what the model predicts but also why those predictions are made by identifying the contribution of different risk factors,which is crucial for transparent and informed decision-making in healthcare.The framework uses ML techniques such as K-nearest neighbors(KNN),gradient boosting,random forest,and decision tree,trained on a cardiovascular dataset.Additionally,the integration of LIME and SHAP provides patient-specific insights alongside global trends,ensuring that clinicians receive comprehensive and actionable information.Our experimental results achieve 98%accuracy with the Random Forest model,with precision,recall,and F1-scores of 97%,98%,and 98%,respectively.The innovative combination of SHAP and LIME sets a new benchmark in CVD prediction by integrating advanced ML accuracy with robust interpretability,fills a critical gap in existing approaches.This framework paves the way for more explainable and transparent decision-making in healthcare,ensuring that the model is not only accurate but also trustworthy and actionable for clinicians.
文摘Aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the potential relationship between mi RNAs and hepatitis B virus(HBV)-hepatitis C virus(HCV) related liver diseases. A systematic computerbased search of published articles, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement, was performed to identify relevant studies on usefulness of serum/plasma/urine mi RNAs, as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of HBV and HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) development, as well as for its prognostic evaluation. The used Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords were: "HBV", "HCV", "hepatocellular carcinoma", "micro RNAs", "mi RNAs", "diagnosis", "prognosis", "therapy", "treatment". Some serum/plasma mi RNAs, including mi R-21, mi R-122, mi-125a/b, mi R-199a/b, mi R-221, mi R-222, mi R-223, mi R-224 might serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis/prognosis of HCC, but, to date, not definitive results or well-defined panels of mi RNAs have been obtained. More well-designed studies, focusing on populations of different geographical areas and involving larger series of patients, should be carried out to improve our knowledge on the potential role of mi RNAs for HCC early detection and prognosis.
基金This review was supported by the Department of Psychology and Neurosciences,Leibniz-Institut fiir Arbeitsforschung Ministry of Science,Research and Technology,Deputy of Scholarship and Students Affairs,Iran(95000171)the German Ministry of Research and Education(German Center for Brain Stimulation grant number 01EE1403C).
文摘Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications.It has been increasingly used in neurodevelopmental disorders,especially attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),but its efficacy(based on effect size calculations),safety,and stimulation parameters have not been systematically examined.In this systematic review,we aimed to(1)explore the effectiveness of tDCS on the clinical symptoms and neuropsychological deficits of ADHD patients,(2)evaluate the safety of tDCS application,especially in children with ADHD,(3)model the electrical field intensity in the target regions based on the commonly-applied and effective versus less-effective protocols,and(4)discuss and propose advanced tDCS parameters.Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach,a literature search identified 14 empirical experiments investigating tDCS effects in ADHD.Partial improving effects of tDCS on cognitive deficits(response inhibition,working memory,attention,and cognitive flexibility)or clinical symptoms(e.g.,impulsivity and inattention)are reported in10 studies.No serious adverse effects are reported in 747 sessions of tDCS.The left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are the regions most often targeted,and anodal tDCS the protocol most often applied.An intensity of 2 mA induced stronger electrical fields than 1 mA in adults with ADHD and was associated with significant behavioral changes.In ADHD children,however,the electrical field induced by 1 mA,which is likely larger than the electrical field induced by 1 mA in adults due to the smaller head size of children,was sufficient to result in significant behavioral change.Overall,tDCS seems to be a promising method for improving ADHD deficits.However,the clinical utility of tDCS in ADHD cannot yet be concluded and requires further systematic investigation in larger sample sizes.Cortical regions involved in ADHD pathophysiology,stimulation parameters(e.g.intensity,duration,polarity,and electrode size),and types of symptom/deficit are potential determinants of tDCS efficacy in ADHD.Developmental aspects of tDCS in childhood ADHD should be considered as well.
文摘The Eu(Ⅲ)nitrate complex of the meso-N,N’-bis(2-pyridylmethylene)-1,2-(R,S)-cyclohexanediamine ligand was synthesized and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction.The crystal lattice of the complex is capable of absorbing and desorbing selectively acetonitrile molecules,at 293 K upon an acetonitrile vapor pressure of^0.1×10^5 Pa.This process,which is partially reversible,can be easily followed by both powder X-ray diffraction(P-XRD)and Eu(III)luminescence spectroscopy.The acetonitrile molecule,located in the outer coordination sphere of the metal ion,does not affect the radiative transition probability of 5 D0 level of Eu(Ⅲ)and also it does not activate further non-radiative channels from this level.On the other hand,this molecule is capable of affecting the energy position and intensities of the crystal field components of the 5 D0→7 F2 transition.The complex in solid form can be considered a promising material for the optical sensing of acetonitrile vapors.
基金the Forrest Research Foundation.Carmine D’Agostino would like to acknowledge the EPSRC for grant no.EP/S019138/1.
文摘NMR relaxation analysis provides a unique and non-invasive probe of fluid dynamics within porous materials,and may be applied to the interpretation of a wide variety of material and interfacial characteristics.Here,we report two-dimensional^(1)H T_(1)-T_(2)relaxation correlation measurements of a range of three-carbon adsorbates(1-propanol,2-propanol and propanoic acid)imbibed within the mesoporous metal oxide gamma-alumina.Our data,acquired across field strengths of 2 MHz,12.7 MHz and 43 MHz,clearly reveal two populations in each measurement,identified as the alkyl and hydroxyl moieties of each adsorbate.These results expand the range of materials in which such functional group resolved relaxation is known to occur,and demonstrate the clear persistence of such phenomena using a range of typical benchtop NMR systems employed to study fluid-saturated porous media.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.11833002,12090040 and 12090042)financial support of the UNAM(Grant PAPIIT IN100918)。
文摘Hydrogen atmosphere pulsating white dwarfs,also known as DAV stars,are the most abundant type of pulsating white dwarfs.High-temperature DAV stars in general exhibit a small number of pulsation modes and stable frequencies.G132-12 is one of the pulsating hydrogen atmosphere white dwarf stars which lies close to the blue edge of the instability strip.Previous researches reported that G132-12 might have only one pulsation mode with the period of 212.69 s.To study the pulsation properties of G132-12 in detail,we carried out a bi-site observation campaign in October 2019.Time series photometric data were collected during around 154 h in total.A Fourier analysis reveals three frequencies which are identified as the triplet of an l=1 g-mode pulsation with the period of 212.499 s.The rotational period is derived as Prot=35.0±6.7 h and the inclination of the rotational axis to the line of sight is 70°.G132-12 could be an ideal target for measuring the cooling scale of this white dwarf star with only one excited pulsation mode detected.
文摘Dominant optic atrophy has been associated with mutations in the OPA1 gene, which encodes for a dynamin- related GTPase, a mitochondrial protein implicated in the formation and maintenance of mitochondrial network and morphology. We used phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess calf muscle oxidative metabolism in six patients from two unrelated families carrying the c.2708- 2711delTTAG deletion in exon 27 of the OPA1 gene. The rate of postexercise phosphocreatine resynthesis, a measure of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production rate, was significantly delayed in the patients. Our in vivo results show for the first time to our knowledge a deficit of oxidative phosphorylation in OPA1- related DOA.
文摘The need to standardise stratigraphical subdivisions of continuous marine sedimentary successions that outcrop for hundreds metres, using clearly defined points fixed in the field is strongly felt. A proposal is presented here to formalize regional stages for the Lower Pleistocene （Calabrian） and for the Middle Pleistocene （Ionian） in Italy. The sections are well exposed, carefully investigated using multiple criteria （an integrated stratigraphical approach） and located in the central part of the Mediterranean. This area is recognized worldwide as a classical region for the Neogene and the Pleistocene sequences. The terrestrial record is directly correlated with the deep-sea record, as determined from ODP Sites 653 （Tyrrhenian Sea）, 963 （Sicily Channel） and 964 （Ionian Sea）from the central Mediterranean. The present formal proposal is consistent with the INQUA and ICS decision to define and correlate the Plio/Pleistocene boundary （GSSP at Vrica） within the Olduvai Subchron, at 1.81 My, the Lower/Middle Pleistocene boundary at the Matuyama/Brunhes reversal at 0. 78 My and the Middle/ Upper Pleistocene boundary with the base of MIS 5, approximately 0. 13My. The present proposal also is consistent with the call for stage unit stratotypes that emphasize both the physical content of a stage and its boundaries （Hilgen et al., 2006）.
文摘Environmental impacts of genetically modified crops are mandatorily assessed during their premarket phase. One of the areas of concern is the possible impact on nontar- get organisms. Crops expressing Cry toxins might affect Lepidoptera larvae living outside cultivated fields, through pollen deposition on wild plants, which constitute their food source. While pollen toxicity varies among different events, possible exposure ofnontarget species depends on the agro-environmental conditions. This study was conducted in two protected areas in Italy, characterized by different climatic conditions, where many Lepi- doptera species thrive in proximity to maize cultivations. To estimate the possible exposure in absence of the actual stressor （e.g., Cryl-expressing maize plants）, we conducted a two-year field survey of butterflies and weeds. Indicator species were selected--Aglais （Inachis） io in the Northern site and Vanessa cardui in the Southern site--and their phe- nology was investigated. Pollen dispersal from maize fields was measured by collection in Petri dishes. Duration and frequency of exposure was defined by the overlap between pollen emission and presence of larvae on host plants. Different risk scenarios are expected in the two regions： highest exposure is foreseen forA. io in the Northern site, while minimal exposure is estimated for V. cardui in the Southern site. In the latter case, locally grown maize cultivars flower in mid-summer in coincidence with an aestivation period for several butterfly species due to hot and dry conditions. Moreover, host plants of V. cardui are at the end of their life cycle thus limiting food availability.
基金the Austrian Science Fund(FWF)grant no.P20134-N13the CNR research activity ICT.PIO.009 and the EU project IQmulus(EU FP7-ICT-2011-318787).
文摘Topological Persistence has proven to be a promising framework for dealing with problems concerning shape analysis and comparison.In this contexts,it was originally introduced by taking into account 1-dimensional properties of shapes,modeled by real-valued functions.More recently,Topological Persistence has been generalized to consider multidimensional proper ties of shapes,coded by vect or-valued functions.This extension has led to int roduce suitable shape descrip tors,named the multidimensional persis tence Betti numbers functions,and a distance to compare them,the so-called multidimensional matching distance.In this paper we propose a new computational framework to deal with the multidimensional matching distance.We start by proving some new theoretical results,and then we use them to formulate an algorithm for computing such a distance up to an arbitrary threshold error.
文摘Mechanotransduction is the process that enables the conversion of mechanical cues into biochemical signaling.While all our cells are well known to be sensitive to such stimuli,the details of the systemic interaction between mechanical input and inflammation are not well integrated.Often,indeed,they are considered and studied in relatively compartmentalized areas,and we therefore argue here that to understand the relationship of mechanical stimuli with inflammation-with a high translational potential-it is crucial to offer and analyze a unified view of mechanotransduction.We therefore present here pathway representation,recollected with the standard systems biology markup language(SBML)and explored with network biology approaches,offering RAC1 as an exemplar and emerging molecule with potential for medical translation.
文摘What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?The stereoselective gold catalyzed manipulation of in doles with n-alcohols.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?Step-by-step. Specifically, by merging our background on catalytic alkylation of arenes with an emerging area (at that time) such as homogeneous gold catalysis.What is the most important personality for a researcher?? Leadership, attitude in motivating early-stage scientists and capability of combining scientific inputs of different heritage for a single and ultimate goal.
文摘When "dark"is bright:the scarcely explored electrophilic profile of the indolyl core(dark side)continues to inspire developments in organic synthesis by means of new catalytic methodologies.Recent advancements in the field enabled molecular diversity and complexity to be effectively realized within heterocyclic chemistry.
文摘The name Calabrian was introduced in the geological literature by the French stratigrapher Maurice Gignoux in 1910, and later described in his important monograph （633 pages） ＂Les formations marines pliocknes et quaternaires de l＇ltalie du sud et de la Sicile ＂published in 1913. Detailed data were provided on several sections （Santa Maria di Catanzaro, Caraffa, Monasterace, Palermo） and on their fossil content. The Calabrian Stage has commonly been used for over fifty years as the oldest subdivision of the Qua- ternary, notably in the time scales of Berggren ＆ van Cou- vering （1974） and Haq ＆ Eysinga （1987）. However, after the GSSP for the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary （P/P） was approved by INQUA in 1982 and ratified by lUGS in 1984 at the Vrica section of Calabria, there was a decline in the usage of the stage name, and an increasing tendency by many Quaternary workers to question the boundary stratotype. This was because there was increasing evidence that it did not correspond to the beginning of the ＂ice age＂. In doing so, they were not complying with the recommendations presented at the 18th International Geological Congress （IGC） in London, 1948 （Oakley, 1950）.
文摘Humankind draws important benefits from large-scale ecological processes termed ecosystem services, yet the status of several of them is declining. Reliable monitoring methods are essential for tracking the status of ecosystem services. Predation is the mainstay of natural pest control, a key ecosystem service. We used green plasticine caterpillars to monitor predation pressure, and to obtain baseline data on predator activity in transgenic Bt versus non-Bt maize fields in Old and New World countries. Predation pressure was measured at ground and canopy levels using an identical, small-plot experimental design in four European countries (Denmark, Slovakia, Romania and Italy) and Argentina. Total predation rate in maize was l l.7%d^-1 (min. 7.2%d^-1 in Argentina, max. 29.0%d^-1 in Romania). Artificial caterpillars were attacked both by invertebrates (mostly chewing insects with 42.0% of the attack marks, and ants with 7.1%, but also predatory and parasitoid wasps, spiders and slugs), and vertebrates (small mammals 25.5%, and birds 20.2%). Total predation at ground level (15.7%d^-1) was significantly higher than in maize canopies (6.0%d^-1) in all countries, except Argentina. We found no significant differences between predator pressure in Bt versus non-Bt maize plots. The artificial caterpillar method provided comparable, quantitative data on predation intensity, and proved to be suitable for monitoring natural pest control. This method usefully expands the existing toolkit by directly measuring ecological function rather than structure.
基金supported by the Italian Space Agency in the framework of the“Accordo Attuativo n.2016-16-H0 Progetto Limadou Fase E/Scienza”(CUP F12F1600011005)
文摘CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a mission developed by CNSA(Chinese National Space Administration) and ASI(Italian Space Agency), to investigate the near-Earth electromagnetic, plasma and particle environment, for studying the seismo-associated disturbances in the ionosphere-magnetosphere transition zone. The anthropogenic and electromagnetic noise,as well as the natural non-seismic electromagnetic emissions is mainly due to tropospheric activity. In particular, the mission aims to confirming the existence of possible temporal correlations between the occurrence of earthquakes for medium and strong magnitude and the observation in space of electromagnetic perturbations, plasma variations and precipitation of bursts with highenergy charged particles from the inner Van Allen belt. In this framework, the high energy particle detector(HEPD) of the CSES mission has been developed by the Italian LIMADOU Collaboration. HEPD is an advanced detector based on a tower of scintillators and a silicon tracker that provides good energy and angular resolution and a wide angular acceptance, for electrons of 3–100 Me V, protons of 30–200 Me V and light nuclei up to the oxygen. CSES satellite has been launched on February 2^(nd), 2018 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center(China).
