The present paper offers an opportunity to explore Keynes'contribution to our understanding of crisis by returning to him seminal contribution in the theory of the effective demand.The analysis contrasts this appr...The present paper offers an opportunity to explore Keynes'contribution to our understanding of crisis by returning to him seminal contribution in the theory of the effective demand.The analysis contrasts this approach with the neoclassical orthodoxy regarding the theory of the interest rate and the relation between saving and investment.The author poses the fundamental question:Can a policy of stimulating saving promote investment?By using the"Saving Paradox"presented in chapter sixteen,as a framework for interpreting Bernanke's description of the saving glut and the current account deficit of the U.S.economy,the author offers an answer that is useful for understanding the current situation.The author also shows how moral hazard plays a significant role in the current crisis.展开更多
The primary school system in Mexico is affected by serious shortfalls in the installation of related information and communication technologies resources in the teaching-learning process. This lack of resources has an...The primary school system in Mexico is affected by serious shortfalls in the installation of related information and communication technologies resources in the teaching-learning process. This lack of resources has an impact of the context of the digital divide as well as in joining the knowledge society. The present article will deal with the outfitting of classrooms with the enciclomedia system in the 5tb and 6th grade in the State of Puebla. It will demonstrate important findings, demonstrating the deepening digital divide between the state capital and the rest of the municipalities in this state. In fact, the furthest （300 km far away from Puebla city） the less primary school equipped with the enciclomedia system. We will also demonstrate the resource distribution by school-type and inhabitants. Another finding is the influence in resource distribution by political party. This study should provide public policy decision-makers with valuable information for the apportionment of resources in all municipalities of the State of Puebla.展开更多
GM （genetically modified） corn with the CrylAb, mCry3A and Vip3Aa20 protein of Bt （Bacillus thuringiensis） and its respective isoline as control with and without chemical control for corn earworm were used in this...GM （genetically modified） corn with the CrylAb, mCry3A and Vip3Aa20 protein of Bt （Bacillus thuringiensis） and its respective isoline as control with and without chemical control for corn earworm were used in this research. Fusarium corncob damage was lower on GM corn with （12.5%） and without （25.7%） insecticide treatment as compared with the isoline that had 48.3% and 83.1% of damaged corncobs with and without chemical control, respectively. Corn smut cob damage was also lower on GM corn with （3.2%） and without （6.3%） insect control compared with 15.5% and 49.7% damage with and without insecticide treatment, respectively. Fusarium sp. corncob rot was also lower on GM corn with 5.7% and 9.5% whereas a 24.6% and 63% rot was observed on the isoline with and without insecticide control, respectively. Ustilago maydis severity was also lower on Bt corn finding 0.07% and 0.25% damage on treatments with and without insect control as compared with the isoline that showed an 11.6% and a 41.4% smut rot with and without insecticide treatment, respectively. The authors conclude that GM corn resistant to Helicoverpa zea prevents damage by the pest, eliminating the entrance pathway for Fusarium sp. and Ustilago maydis.展开更多
A conceptual model for the Calera Aquifer has been created to represent the aquifer system beneath the Calera Aquifer Region （CAR） in the State of Zacatecas, Mexico. The CAR area was uniformly partitioned into a 500...A conceptual model for the Calera Aquifer has been created to represent the aquifer system beneath the Calera Aquifer Region （CAR） in the State of Zacatecas, Mexico. The CAR area was uniformly partitioned into a 500 x 500 m grid generating a high resolution model that represented the natural boundaries of the aquifer. A computer model was calibrated and validated to verify output from the model corresponding to situations that matched the historical aquifer performance. Predicted groundwater levels were compared with measured data collected from nine observation wells between 1954 and 2004 to evaluate model performance. The main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a groundwater modeling system using ModFlow-2000 for the CAR. Performance statistics indicated that the model performed well in simulating historic groundwater levels in the central part of the CAR where irrigated agriculture was concentrated. Results evaluation yielded average coefficients of determination of 0.81 and 0.67 and root mean square error values lower than 25.1 m and 25.9 m for the calibration and validation processes, respectively. These results are indicative of a good agreement between predicted and observed groundwater levels. However, further improvements in the conceptual model may be needed to improve predictions in other parts of the CAR for evaluating alternative groundwater management strategies.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding four levels of tuna oil on performance and fatty acid (FA) profiles of broiler chicken meat. 240 Ross broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 20 pe...The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding four levels of tuna oil on performance and fatty acid (FA) profiles of broiler chicken meat. 240 Ross broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 20 pens and divided into four treatments: 0%, 0.75%, 1%, and 1.25% of tuna oil. At 49 days, breast and legs-thighs muscles were processed for FA analysis. Concentrations of FA in legs and thighs meat were significantly higher when compared with breast meat. In both types of meats (breast and legs-thighs), the inclusion of 1.0% or 1.25% of tuna oil in the diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of n-3 FA (especially docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids). Fat in broiler breast contained a proportion of 29% saturated FA (SFA): 36% monosaturated FA (MFA): 35% polyunsaturated FA (PUFA);while legs and thighs meat had a proportion of 28% SFA: 38% MFA: 33% PUFA. The addition of tuna oil in the broiler diet significantly reduced the deposition of SFA, MFA, and PUFA in breast meat, while in legs and thighs these reductions were less noticeable. The significant reduction in the concentration of n-6 PUFA and the increment of n-3 PUFA were more evident in breast than in legs and thighs, and with the addition of 1% and 1.25% of tuna oil. The results of the present study suggest a difference in FA deposition attributable to supplementation with tuna oil. The addition of tuna oil could be recommendable to increase n-3 PUFA in both broiler chicken breast and legs-thighs meats, providing a healthier and functional chicken meat to consumer.展开更多
The study evaluated the effect of time and fatty acid (FA) composition in eggs of laying hens supplemented with tuna oil (TO). Two hundred White Leghorn hens 30-week were divided into 5 treatments with 4 replicates of...The study evaluated the effect of time and fatty acid (FA) composition in eggs of laying hens supplemented with tuna oil (TO). Two hundred White Leghorn hens 30-week were divided into 5 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. Treatments were assigned randomly and consisted of 0%, 0.75%, 1.50%, 2.25% and 3% TO in commercial sorghum-soybean meal diets, in which the soybean oil was partially replaced. The experiment was conducted for 90 days. At days 28, 56 and 84 of the experiment, 10 eggs per replicate were collected for chemical analysis. Feed intake, egg production rate, egg weight, and feed conversion were not influenced by dietary treatment. FA content was significantly altered (P < 0.05) by TO, showing a progressive increase in egg n-3 FA (especially docosahexaenoic [DHA] and eicosapentaenoic [EPA] acids) when TO was added. Levels of EPA and DHA were higher (P < 0.05) in the egg lipids of TO fed hens than those in the control group. This was correlated (P < 0.05) with the concentration of TO in the diet. However, no significant differences were observed either in egg weight or percent of egg lay between groups. There was a high correlation (P < 0.05) between TO inclusion level in the diet and the incorporation of EPA (r = 0.96) or DHA (r = 0.92) into the egg yolk and an overall decrease in n-6 FA. There was a high correlation (P < 0.05) between TO inclusion level and the incorporation of linoleic acid (LA, r = -0.95) or arachidonic acid (AA, r = -0.96) into the egg yolk. The highest incorporation (P < 0.05) of total n-3 FA content in eggs was obtained with 3% TO/kg. This increase was proportional to TO inclusion levels in the diets (r = 0.95). The results indicate that the n-3 FA content in eggs can be increased by dietary supplementation with TO, and that TO can serve as a reasonable alternative feed ingredient in layer diets to produce a healthier choice of egg.展开更多
文摘The present paper offers an opportunity to explore Keynes'contribution to our understanding of crisis by returning to him seminal contribution in the theory of the effective demand.The analysis contrasts this approach with the neoclassical orthodoxy regarding the theory of the interest rate and the relation between saving and investment.The author poses the fundamental question:Can a policy of stimulating saving promote investment?By using the"Saving Paradox"presented in chapter sixteen,as a framework for interpreting Bernanke's description of the saving glut and the current account deficit of the U.S.economy,the author offers an answer that is useful for understanding the current situation.The author also shows how moral hazard plays a significant role in the current crisis.
文摘The primary school system in Mexico is affected by serious shortfalls in the installation of related information and communication technologies resources in the teaching-learning process. This lack of resources has an impact of the context of the digital divide as well as in joining the knowledge society. The present article will deal with the outfitting of classrooms with the enciclomedia system in the 5tb and 6th grade in the State of Puebla. It will demonstrate important findings, demonstrating the deepening digital divide between the state capital and the rest of the municipalities in this state. In fact, the furthest （300 km far away from Puebla city） the less primary school equipped with the enciclomedia system. We will also demonstrate the resource distribution by school-type and inhabitants. Another finding is the influence in resource distribution by political party. This study should provide public policy decision-makers with valuable information for the apportionment of resources in all municipalities of the State of Puebla.
文摘GM （genetically modified） corn with the CrylAb, mCry3A and Vip3Aa20 protein of Bt （Bacillus thuringiensis） and its respective isoline as control with and without chemical control for corn earworm were used in this research. Fusarium corncob damage was lower on GM corn with （12.5%） and without （25.7%） insecticide treatment as compared with the isoline that had 48.3% and 83.1% of damaged corncobs with and without chemical control, respectively. Corn smut cob damage was also lower on GM corn with （3.2%） and without （6.3%） insect control compared with 15.5% and 49.7% damage with and without insecticide treatment, respectively. Fusarium sp. corncob rot was also lower on GM corn with 5.7% and 9.5% whereas a 24.6% and 63% rot was observed on the isoline with and without insecticide control, respectively. Ustilago maydis severity was also lower on Bt corn finding 0.07% and 0.25% damage on treatments with and without insect control as compared with the isoline that showed an 11.6% and a 41.4% smut rot with and without insecticide treatment, respectively. The authors conclude that GM corn resistant to Helicoverpa zea prevents damage by the pest, eliminating the entrance pathway for Fusarium sp. and Ustilago maydis.
文摘A conceptual model for the Calera Aquifer has been created to represent the aquifer system beneath the Calera Aquifer Region （CAR） in the State of Zacatecas, Mexico. The CAR area was uniformly partitioned into a 500 x 500 m grid generating a high resolution model that represented the natural boundaries of the aquifer. A computer model was calibrated and validated to verify output from the model corresponding to situations that matched the historical aquifer performance. Predicted groundwater levels were compared with measured data collected from nine observation wells between 1954 and 2004 to evaluate model performance. The main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a groundwater modeling system using ModFlow-2000 for the CAR. Performance statistics indicated that the model performed well in simulating historic groundwater levels in the central part of the CAR where irrigated agriculture was concentrated. Results evaluation yielded average coefficients of determination of 0.81 and 0.67 and root mean square error values lower than 25.1 m and 25.9 m for the calibration and validation processes, respectively. These results are indicative of a good agreement between predicted and observed groundwater levels. However, further improvements in the conceptual model may be needed to improve predictions in other parts of the CAR for evaluating alternative groundwater management strategies.
文摘The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding four levels of tuna oil on performance and fatty acid (FA) profiles of broiler chicken meat. 240 Ross broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 20 pens and divided into four treatments: 0%, 0.75%, 1%, and 1.25% of tuna oil. At 49 days, breast and legs-thighs muscles were processed for FA analysis. Concentrations of FA in legs and thighs meat were significantly higher when compared with breast meat. In both types of meats (breast and legs-thighs), the inclusion of 1.0% or 1.25% of tuna oil in the diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of n-3 FA (especially docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids). Fat in broiler breast contained a proportion of 29% saturated FA (SFA): 36% monosaturated FA (MFA): 35% polyunsaturated FA (PUFA);while legs and thighs meat had a proportion of 28% SFA: 38% MFA: 33% PUFA. The addition of tuna oil in the broiler diet significantly reduced the deposition of SFA, MFA, and PUFA in breast meat, while in legs and thighs these reductions were less noticeable. The significant reduction in the concentration of n-6 PUFA and the increment of n-3 PUFA were more evident in breast than in legs and thighs, and with the addition of 1% and 1.25% of tuna oil. The results of the present study suggest a difference in FA deposition attributable to supplementation with tuna oil. The addition of tuna oil could be recommendable to increase n-3 PUFA in both broiler chicken breast and legs-thighs meats, providing a healthier and functional chicken meat to consumer.
文摘The study evaluated the effect of time and fatty acid (FA) composition in eggs of laying hens supplemented with tuna oil (TO). Two hundred White Leghorn hens 30-week were divided into 5 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. Treatments were assigned randomly and consisted of 0%, 0.75%, 1.50%, 2.25% and 3% TO in commercial sorghum-soybean meal diets, in which the soybean oil was partially replaced. The experiment was conducted for 90 days. At days 28, 56 and 84 of the experiment, 10 eggs per replicate were collected for chemical analysis. Feed intake, egg production rate, egg weight, and feed conversion were not influenced by dietary treatment. FA content was significantly altered (P < 0.05) by TO, showing a progressive increase in egg n-3 FA (especially docosahexaenoic [DHA] and eicosapentaenoic [EPA] acids) when TO was added. Levels of EPA and DHA were higher (P < 0.05) in the egg lipids of TO fed hens than those in the control group. This was correlated (P < 0.05) with the concentration of TO in the diet. However, no significant differences were observed either in egg weight or percent of egg lay between groups. There was a high correlation (P < 0.05) between TO inclusion level in the diet and the incorporation of EPA (r = 0.96) or DHA (r = 0.92) into the egg yolk and an overall decrease in n-6 FA. There was a high correlation (P < 0.05) between TO inclusion level and the incorporation of linoleic acid (LA, r = -0.95) or arachidonic acid (AA, r = -0.96) into the egg yolk. The highest incorporation (P < 0.05) of total n-3 FA content in eggs was obtained with 3% TO/kg. This increase was proportional to TO inclusion levels in the diets (r = 0.95). The results indicate that the n-3 FA content in eggs can be increased by dietary supplementation with TO, and that TO can serve as a reasonable alternative feed ingredient in layer diets to produce a healthier choice of egg.
