The recent completion of the rose genome sequence is not the end of a process,but rather a starting point that opens up a whole set of new and exciting activities.Next to a high-quality genome sequence other genomic t...The recent completion of the rose genome sequence is not the end of a process,but rather a starting point that opens up a whole set of new and exciting activities.Next to a high-quality genome sequence other genomic tools have also become available for rose,including transcriptomics data,a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism array and software to perform linkage and quantitative trait locus mapping in polyploids.Rose cultivars are highly heterogeneous and diverse.This vast diversity in cultivated roses can be explained through the genetic potential of the genus,introgressions from wild species into commercial tetraploid germplasm and the inimitable efforts of historical breeders.We can now investigate how this diversity can best be exploited and refined in future breeding work,given the rich molecular toolbox now available to the rose breeding community.This paper presents possible lines of research now that rose has entered the genomics era,and attempts to partially answer the question that arises after the completion of any draft genome sequence:‘Now that we have“the”genome,what’s next?’.Having access to a genome sequence will allow both(fundamental)scientific and(applied)breeding-orientated questions to be addressed.We outline possible approaches for a number of these questions.展开更多
The increasing demand for prolonging food shelf life and inhibiting food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms lead to development of novel biopreservatives and conservation methods. Antimicrobial peptides derived fr...The increasing demand for prolonging food shelf life and inhibiting food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms lead to development of novel biopreservatives and conservation methods. Antimicrobial peptides derived from microorganisms like bacteriocins are considered as a major alternative to the application of chemical preservatives in food products. Direct addition of purified antimicrobial peptides into food matrix results in reduced antibacterial activity due to the interaction of peptides with food components. Nano- or microencapsulation process can protect biopreservatives against many adverse conditions and controlled release of the agents efficiently prevent microbial contamination and food spoilage. This review focuses on the most frequently used chemical, physical and mechanical encapsulation methods for various antimicrobial bacteriocins including liposome entrapment, coacervation, emulsification, spray-drying, and vibrating technology. The most recent applications of nano- or microencapsulated antimicrobial bacteriocins with emphasis on nisin and pediocin in various food products like dairy, meat products and fruit juice have been discussed.展开更多
Tiger nut(Cyperus esculentus L.)is an ideal raw material for oil extraction,but starch-rich tiger nut meal,a by-product of oil extraction,has not been fully utilized.For this,starch was isolated from tiger nut meal,an...Tiger nut(Cyperus esculentus L.)is an ideal raw material for oil extraction,but starch-rich tiger nut meal,a by-product of oil extraction,has not been fully utilized.For this,starch was isolated from tiger nut meal,and then starch nanoparticles were prepared by gelatinization,ultrasonication and nanoprecipitation under different conditions.The preparation parameters were optimized by measuring the particle size with dynamic light scattering,and the physicochemical properties of native starch and nano starch were evaluated.The results showed that,compared to native starch,starch nanoparticle(nano starch)has a higher amylose content(39.05%),solubility(56.13%),and swelling power(58.01%).Furthermore,native starch and nano starch were esterified with octenyl succinic anhydride(OSA),respectively,conferring amphiphilic properties.The effects of OSA modification on the resistant starch content,thermal properties,and microstructure of starches were characterized.The resistant starch content of tiger nut native starch increased by 10.81%after OSA modification,while the resistant starch content of OSA nano starch increased to 37.76%.Compared to native starch,the gelatinization temperature of OSA nano starch decreased by 2.7℃and nano starch decreased by 5.68℃.OSA modified nano starch showed a unique microstructure,such as a slender fiber structure and a regular oblate structure.The hydrophobic OSA groups aggregated to form hydrophobic cavities with a hydrophilic surface in the aqueous phase.The findings presented in this investigation provide a better understanding of the design and development of OSA nano starch and provide valuable guidance to further enhance the added value of tiger nuts and future applications in the food industry.展开更多
Auxin is a key hormone performing a wealth of functions throughout the life cycle of plants. It acts largely by regulating genes at the transcriptional level through a family of transcription factors called auxin resp...Auxin is a key hormone performing a wealth of functions throughout the life cycle of plants. It acts largely by regulating genes at the transcriptional level through a family of transcription factors called auxin response factors (ARFs). Even though all ARF monomers analyzed so far bind a similar DNA sequence, there is evidence that ARFs differ in their target genomic regions and regulated genes. Here, we report the use of position weight matrices (PWMs) to model ARF DNA binding specificity based on published DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) data. We found that the genome binding of two ARFs (ARF2 and ARF5/ Monopteros [MP]) differ largely because these two factors have different preferred ARF binding site (ARFbs) arrangements (orientation and spacing). We illustrated why PWMs are more versatile to reliably identify ARFbs than the widely used consensus sequences and demonstrated their power with biochemical experiments in the identification of the regulatory regions o1IAA19, an well-characterized auxin-responsive gene. Finally, we combined gene regulation by auxin with ARF-bound regions and identified specific ARFbs configurations that are over-represented in auxin-upregulated genes, thus deciphering the ARFbs syntax functional for regulation. Our study provides a general method to exploit the potential of genome-wide DNA binding assays and to decode gene regulation.展开更多
In the present work,we used five different versions of the quark-meson coupling(QMC)model to compute astrophysical quantities related to the GW170817 event and the neutron star cooling process.Two of the models are ba...In the present work,we used five different versions of the quark-meson coupling(QMC)model to compute astrophysical quantities related to the GW170817 event and the neutron star cooling process.Two of the models are based on the original bag potential structure and three versions consider a harmonic oscillator potential to confine quarks.The bag-like models also incorporate the pasta phase used to describe the inner crust of neutron stars.With a simple method studied in the present work,we show that the pasta phase does not play a significant role.Moreover,the QMC model that satisfies the GW170817 constraints with the lowest slope of the symmetry energy exhibits a cooling profile compatible with observational data.展开更多
基金supported in part by the TKI polyploids project‘Novel genetic and genomic tools for polyploid crops’(BO-26.03-009-004 and BO-50-002-022).
文摘The recent completion of the rose genome sequence is not the end of a process,but rather a starting point that opens up a whole set of new and exciting activities.Next to a high-quality genome sequence other genomic tools have also become available for rose,including transcriptomics data,a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism array and software to perform linkage and quantitative trait locus mapping in polyploids.Rose cultivars are highly heterogeneous and diverse.This vast diversity in cultivated roses can be explained through the genetic potential of the genus,introgressions from wild species into commercial tetraploid germplasm and the inimitable efforts of historical breeders.We can now investigate how this diversity can best be exploited and refined in future breeding work,given the rich molecular toolbox now available to the rose breeding community.This paper presents possible lines of research now that rose has entered the genomics era,and attempts to partially answer the question that arises after the completion of any draft genome sequence:‘Now that we have“the”genome,what’s next?’.Having access to a genome sequence will allow both(fundamental)scientific and(applied)breeding-orientated questions to be addressed.We outline possible approaches for a number of these questions.
文摘The increasing demand for prolonging food shelf life and inhibiting food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms lead to development of novel biopreservatives and conservation methods. Antimicrobial peptides derived from microorganisms like bacteriocins are considered as a major alternative to the application of chemical preservatives in food products. Direct addition of purified antimicrobial peptides into food matrix results in reduced antibacterial activity due to the interaction of peptides with food components. Nano- or microencapsulation process can protect biopreservatives against many adverse conditions and controlled release of the agents efficiently prevent microbial contamination and food spoilage. This review focuses on the most frequently used chemical, physical and mechanical encapsulation methods for various antimicrobial bacteriocins including liposome entrapment, coacervation, emulsification, spray-drying, and vibrating technology. The most recent applications of nano- or microencapsulated antimicrobial bacteriocins with emphasis on nisin and pediocin in various food products like dairy, meat products and fruit juice have been discussed.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Projects of Zhejiang(No.2022C04021)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LQ23C200013),China.
文摘Tiger nut(Cyperus esculentus L.)is an ideal raw material for oil extraction,but starch-rich tiger nut meal,a by-product of oil extraction,has not been fully utilized.For this,starch was isolated from tiger nut meal,and then starch nanoparticles were prepared by gelatinization,ultrasonication and nanoprecipitation under different conditions.The preparation parameters were optimized by measuring the particle size with dynamic light scattering,and the physicochemical properties of native starch and nano starch were evaluated.The results showed that,compared to native starch,starch nanoparticle(nano starch)has a higher amylose content(39.05%),solubility(56.13%),and swelling power(58.01%).Furthermore,native starch and nano starch were esterified with octenyl succinic anhydride(OSA),respectively,conferring amphiphilic properties.The effects of OSA modification on the resistant starch content,thermal properties,and microstructure of starches were characterized.The resistant starch content of tiger nut native starch increased by 10.81%after OSA modification,while the resistant starch content of OSA nano starch increased to 37.76%.Compared to native starch,the gelatinization temperature of OSA nano starch decreased by 2.7℃and nano starch decreased by 5.68℃.OSA modified nano starch showed a unique microstructure,such as a slender fiber structure and a regular oblate structure.The hydrophobic OSA groups aggregated to form hydrophobic cavities with a hydrophilic surface in the aqueous phase.The findings presented in this investigation provide a better understanding of the design and development of OSA nano starch and provide valuable guidance to further enhance the added value of tiger nuts and future applications in the food industry.
文摘Auxin is a key hormone performing a wealth of functions throughout the life cycle of plants. It acts largely by regulating genes at the transcriptional level through a family of transcription factors called auxin response factors (ARFs). Even though all ARF monomers analyzed so far bind a similar DNA sequence, there is evidence that ARFs differ in their target genomic regions and regulated genes. Here, we report the use of position weight matrices (PWMs) to model ARF DNA binding specificity based on published DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) data. We found that the genome binding of two ARFs (ARF2 and ARF5/ Monopteros [MP]) differ largely because these two factors have different preferred ARF binding site (ARFbs) arrangements (orientation and spacing). We illustrated why PWMs are more versatile to reliably identify ARFbs than the widely used consensus sequences and demonstrated their power with biochemical experiments in the identification of the regulatory regions o1IAA19, an well-characterized auxin-responsive gene. Finally, we combined gene regulation by auxin with ARF-bound regions and identified specific ARFbs configurations that are over-represented in auxin-upregulated genes, thus deciphering the ARFbs syntax functional for regulation. Our study provides a general method to exploit the potential of genome-wide DNA binding assays and to decode gene regulation.
基金This work is a part of the projet INCT-FNA Proe.(464898/2014-5),was partially supprted by CNPq(Brazil)(301155.2017-8)(D.P.M.),310242/2017-7,406958/2018-1(O.L),308486/2015-3(T.F.),43369/2018-3(M.D.),by Capes-PNPD program(C.V.F),and by Fundacio de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sio Paulo(FAPESP)under the thematic projescts 2013/26258-4(OL,TF)and 2017/05660-0(OL,M.D.T.E.).R.N.also acknowledges that this project was parly funded by FAPERJ,under grant E-26/203.2992017.M.B.acknowledge the support from FAPESP Project No.2017/05660-0,and FOSTECT Project No.FOSTECT.2019B.04.PDS acknow ledges support from the UK STFC under projeet number ST/P005314/1。
文摘In the present work,we used five different versions of the quark-meson coupling(QMC)model to compute astrophysical quantities related to the GW170817 event and the neutron star cooling process.Two of the models are based on the original bag potential structure and three versions consider a harmonic oscillator potential to confine quarks.The bag-like models also incorporate the pasta phase used to describe the inner crust of neutron stars.With a simple method studied in the present work,we show that the pasta phase does not play a significant role.Moreover,the QMC model that satisfies the GW170817 constraints with the lowest slope of the symmetry energy exhibits a cooling profile compatible with observational data.
