In its broadest interpretation, the smart grid vision sees the future of power industry transformed by the introduction of intelligent two-way communications, ubiquitous metering and measurement. This enables much fin...In its broadest interpretation, the smart grid vision sees the future of power industry transformed by the introduction of intelligent two-way communications, ubiquitous metering and measurement. This enables much finer control of energy flows and the integration and efficient use of renewable forms of energy, energy efficiency methodologies and technologies, as well as many other advanced technologies, techniques and processes that wouldn’t have been practicable until present. The smart grid vision also enables the creation of more reliable, more robust and more secure power supply infrastructure, and helps optimize the enormous investments required to build and operate the physical infrastructure required. The smart grid promises to revolutionize the electric power business that has been in place for the past 75 years. This work discusses the efficiency, targeted at the consumer units of electricity, with a view to sustainability and potential for technological innovation. The issue is addressed from two perspectives: the systems for generation and power distribution, and the design of a building “smart energy”. Because of the novelty of the subject in our country, the concepts presented and treated throughout this work come from material obtained at events and specialized sites on electric power system in Brazil and worldwide, being accompanied by information and data from NIPE’s building at University of Campinas’s campus case study in which it exemplifies the applicability of the techniques and recommended technologies.展开更多
In the area of reservoir engineering,the optimization of oil and gas production is a complex task involving a myriad of interconnected decision variables shaping the production system's infrastructure.Traditionall...In the area of reservoir engineering,the optimization of oil and gas production is a complex task involving a myriad of interconnected decision variables shaping the production system's infrastructure.Traditionally,this optimization process was centered on a single objective,such as net present value,return on investment,cumulative oil production,or cumulative water production.However,the inherent complexity of reservoir exploration necessitates a departure from this single-objective approach.Mul-tiple conflicting production and economic indicators must now be considered to enable more precise and robust decision-making.In response to this challenge,researchers have embarked on a journey to explore field development optimization of multiple conflicting criteria,employing the formidable tools of multi-objective optimization algorithms.These algorithms delve into the intricate terrain of production strategy design,seeking to strike a delicate balance between the often-contrasting objectives.Over the years,a plethora of these algorithms have emerged,ranging from a priori methods to a posteriori approach,each offering unique insights and capabilities.This survey endeavors to encapsulate,catego-rize,and scrutinize these invaluable contributions to field development optimization,which grapple with the complexities of multiple conflicting objective functions.Beyond the overview of existing methodologies,we delve into the persisting challenges faced by researchers and practitioners alike.Notably,the application of multi-objective optimization techniques to production optimization is hin-dered by the resource-intensive nature of reservoir simulation,especially when confronted with inherent uncertainties.As a result of this survey,emerging opportunities have been identified that will serve as catalysts for pivotal research endeavors in the future.As intelligent and more efficient algo-rithms continue to evolve,the potential for addressing hitherto insurmountable field development optimization obstacles becomes increasingly viable.This discussion on future prospects aims to inspire critical research,guiding the way toward innovative solutions in the ever-evolving landscape of oil and gas production optimization.展开更多
Objective:The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in prostate cancer progression and may differ across metastatic sites.This study aimed to evaluate and compare the primary and metastatic prostate adenocarcino...Objective:The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in prostate cancer progression and may differ across metastatic sites.This study aimed to evaluate and compare the primary and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment.Methods:A total of 27 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples derived from 17 patients diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma,including the primary tumors,and the corresponding metastatic lymphatic and hematogenous lesions from various anatomical sites.Immunohistochemical labeling was performed using antibodies against Cluster of Differentiation 3 epsilon chain(CD3e),CD8 alpha chain(CD8a),Cluster of Differentiation 68(CD68),Cluster of Differentiation 163(CD163),Forkhead box P3(FOXP3),Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte–Associated protein 4(CTLA-4),B7 homolog 3(B7-H3),Programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1),and Marker of proliferation Ki-67(Ki-67).Comparisons were made between primary and metastatic tumors to assess differences in immune cell infiltration,checkpoint expression,and proliferative indices.Results:Sampleswere classified into three groups:Primary Tumor n=12,Lymphatic Metastasis n=7,and Hematogenous Metastasis n=10.FOXP3(p=0.0017)and CD163(p=0.0316)expression levels were significantly higher in the Hematogenous Metastasis compared to both the Primary Tumor and Lymphatic Metastasis.PD-1 showed a clear trend(p=0.0577)toward higher levels in the Primary Tumor compared to both the HematogenousMetastasis and LymphaticMetastasis groups,suggesting distinct immunological landscapes depending on tumor location and progression.Conclusion:Diverse PD-1,CD163,and FOXP3 profiles were observed in primary and metastatic microenvironments of prostate cancer.These findings may contribute to the development of personalized therapeutic strategies and novel prognostic tools beyond conventional histological and TNM staging.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,is a chronic condition marked by relapsing inflammation of the gastro-intestinal tract.Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic live...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,is a chronic condition marked by relapsing inflammation of the gastro-intestinal tract.Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)emphasizes the interplay between metabolic alterations and modern lifestyle factors in its pathogenesis.Emerging evidence suggests that individuals with IBD are at increased risk for MASLD,driven by shared mechanisms,including gut dysbiosis,chronic systemic inflammation,and compromised intestinal barrier function.However,MASLD frequently remains underdiagnosed in this popu-lation.The gut microbiota plays a central role in modulating these interactions,influencing both intestinal permeability and metabolic regulation.Key patho-physiological mechanisms include alterations in short-chain fatty acid production,particularly reduced butyrate synthesis;disruption of bile acid signaling path-ways via farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein–coupled receptor 5 receptors;and activation of pro-inflam-matory cascades through toll-like receptor 4 in the liver.These events lead to increased intestinal permeability,translocation of microbial products,and amplification of hepatic inflammation.This review synthesizes current knowledge on the shared pathophysiological pathways linking IBD and MASLD–focusing on dysbiosis,barrier dysfunction,and inflammation–and underscores their clinical relevance.Understanding the gut–liver axis provides opportunities for early diagnosis and integrated management strategies,aiming to reduce disease burden and im-prove patient outcomes.展开更多
This study highlights a new by-product source for cobalt by recycling Paleoproterozoic Mn deposits.We present a geochemical modeling approach utilizing Principal Component Analysis(PCA)for available geochemical data o...This study highlights a new by-product source for cobalt by recycling Paleoproterozoic Mn deposits.We present a geochemical modeling approach utilizing Principal Component Analysis(PCA)for available geochemical data of Paleoproterozoic manganese deposits found in Africa and Brazil,which exhibit anomalous cobalt contents(up to 1200 ppm)along with other metals such as copper,nickel,and vanadium.The PCA results for the correlation coefficient matrix of the Enrichment Factor(_(EF))values of major and trace elements from samples of eight Mn deposits found in Africa and Brazil(Kisenge-Kamata,Moanda,Nsuta in Africa,and Azul,Buritirama,Lagoa do Riacho,Morro da Mina,and Serra do Navio in Brazil)yielded a cumulative variance of 53.3%for PC1(34%)and PC2(19.3%).In PC1,the highest positive loadings correspond to the variables Mn_(EF),Ni_(EF),and Co_(EF),while the highest negative loadings correspond to the variables Si_(EF),Fe_(EF),K_(EF),Ti_(EF),Cr_(EF),and Zr_(EF).PC2 exhibits the highest positive loadings for the variables Ca_(_(EF)),Mg_(EF),and P_(EF),while the highest negative loadings are for Cu_(EF)and V_(EF).The biplot diagram representation showed that clusters of vectors Mn_(EF),Ni_(EF),Co_(EF),V_(EF),and Cu_(EF)influence samples of Mn-carbonate rock,Mn-carbonate-silicate rock,Mn-silicate rock,and Mn-carbonate-siliciclastic rock,all with high Co_(EF)values(up to 414).The cluster of vectors Ca_(_(EF)),Mg_(EF),and P_(EF)significantly influence carbonate rock and dolomite marble,which have low Co_(EF)values(close to 0).The cluster of vectors Si_(EF),Fe_(EF),K_(EF),Ti_(EF),Cr_(EF),and Zr_(EF)strongly influences siliciclastic rock,which exhibits low Co_(EF)values.On the other hand,the cluster of vectors Cu_(EF)and V_(EF)influences oxidized Mn ore,which exhibits Co_(EF)values of up to 108.The results reveal a dichotomy regarding the origin of cobalt and other metal enrichments in these deposits linked to the Mn redox cycle.This process involves the formation of Mn-oxyhydroxides with the adsorption of Co and other metals under oxic conditions,followed by the burial of these Mn oxides in an anoxic diagenetic environment,where microbial sulfate reduction leads to the nucleation of Mn-carbonates and the formation of metal-rich sulfides(Fe,Co,Ni,V).Additionally,detrital input and sulfide phases(e.g.,framboidal pyrite)for the formation of Mn-rich siliciclastic rocks associated with Mn-carbonate rocks are evidenced by proxies Si_(EF),Fe_(EF),K_(EF),Ti_(EF),Cr_(EF),and Zr_(EF).This new exploration approach,supported by geochemical modeling through PCA,enhances our understanding of the genesis of these Paleoproterozoic manganese deposits and highlights a new route for cobalt exploration.In the increasing global demand for cobalt,particularly in applications involving electric vehicle batteries and energy storage,exploring these deposits emerges as an alternative source to produce these critical metals.展开更多
Hydrogen production via catalytic reforming of renewable fuels represents a pivotal strategy in the decarbonization of energy systems.However,conventional catalysts continue to encounter persistent challenges,includin...Hydrogen production via catalytic reforming of renewable fuels represents a pivotal strategy in the decarbonization of energy systems.However,conventional catalysts continue to encounter persistent challenges,including sintering,carbon deposition,and structural degradation under severe reaction conditions.This review addresses the growing need to consolidate the rapidly expanding body of knowledge on medium-and high-entropy materials(MEMs and HEMs),whose unique thermodynamic features position them as next-generation catalysts with the potential to overcome these limitations.The discussion is organized to examine how entropy stabilizatio n,lattice disto rtion,and multi-elemental synergy influence catalytic behavior.Materials are categorized by crystal structure(e.g.,perovskite,spinel,and periclase)and by their roles in key reforming processes,including steam,dry,partial oxidation,and autothermal reforming of renewable fuels such as bioethanol,biomethane,and methanol.A detailed comparison of synthesis methods,configurational entropy thresholds,and physicochemical characteristics is presented.The review synthesizes key insights from recent studies,including advances in exsolution-driven nanostructuring,the impact of oxygen vacancy engineering,and the performance of entropy-optimized compositions under practical reforming conditions.It offers a comprehensive mapping of structureperformance relationships,underscoring how entropy can be harnessed to design more robust,selective,and efficient catalytic systems.Future perspectives emphasize the exploration of underinvestigated entropy-stabilized systems(e.g.,nitrides and sulfides),the integration of data-driven design approaches,and the imperative for long-term stability evaluations under industrially relevant conditions.Finally,the review highlights promising opportunities for scaling up entropy-based catalysts and aligning their development with techno-economic and environmental benchmarks.This work aims to serve as both a comprehensive reference and a strategic outlook for advancing hydrogen production technologies through entropy-engineered catalysis.展开更多
Sponges(Porifera)are traditionally considered to lack defined body axes and regional specialization.Understanding whether sponges exhibit preferential growth regions and axial patterning is essential for elucidating t...Sponges(Porifera)are traditionally considered to lack defined body axes and regional specialization.Understanding whether sponges exhibit preferential growth regions and axial patterning is essential for elucidating the evolution of metazoan body plans.Here,we compared two body regions of the repent morph of Cladocroce caelum(Demospongiae):the proximal region,containing fully developed aquiferous system modules,and the distal region,hypothesized as the primary growth region.Our findings show that specimens predominantly grow from the distal region,where archaeocytes constitute the main cell type(mean 65.3%),whereas the proximal region features aquiferous system modules primarily composed of choanocytes(47%).To further explore molecular differences,we assembled a de novo reference transcriptome for C.caelum,recovering 99%of universal eukaryotic orthologous genes and 94%of metazoan orthologs.RNA-seq analysis revealed the expression of genes associated with the germline,stem cells,and developmental signaling pathways in both regions.However,we identified 11,421 differentially expressed genes(3,506 upregulated in the proximal region and 7,925 in the distal region).Notably,genes involved in the WNT,TGF-β,and MAPK pathways—key regulators of development and cell proliferation—were upregulated in the distal region.These findings provide morphological and molecular evidence of regional specialization in C.caelum,supporting the existence of a preferential growth region at the distal end.Our results suggest that despite the unique organization of the sponge body plan,some poriferans may possess specialized growth regions,akin to those in other metazoans.展开更多
Although thousands of DNA damaging events occur in each cell every day,efficient DNA repair pathways have evolved to counteract them. The DNA repair machinery plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability by avoid...Although thousands of DNA damaging events occur in each cell every day,efficient DNA repair pathways have evolved to counteract them. The DNA repair machinery plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability by avoiding the maintenance of mutations. The DNA repair enzymes continuously monitor the chromosomes to correct any damage that is caused by exogenous and endogenous mutagens. If DNA damage in proliferating cells is not repaired because of an inadequate expression of DNA repair genes,it might increase the risk of cancer. In addition to mutations,which can be either inherited or somatically acquired,epigenetic silencing of DNA repair genes has been associated with carcinogenesis. Gastric cancer represents the second highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The disease develops from the accumulation of several genetic and epigenetic changes during the lifetime. Among the risk factors,Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is considered the main driving factor to gastric cancer development. Thus,in this review,we summarize the current knowledge of the role of H. pylori infection on the epigenetic regulation of DNA repair machinery in gastric carcinogenesis.展开更多
AIM: To determine cytomegalovirus (CMV) frequency in neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis by serology, histological revision (searching for cytomegalic cells), immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a...AIM: To determine cytomegalovirus (CMV) frequency in neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis by serology, histological revision (searching for cytomegalic cells), immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to verify the relationships among these methods.METHODS: The study comprised 101 non-consecutive infants submitted for hepatic biopsy between March 1982 and December 2005. Serological results were obtained from the patient's f iles and the other methods were performed on paraffin-embedded liver samples from hepatic biopsies. The following statistical measures were calculated: frequency, sensibility, specif ic positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy.RESULTS: The frequencies of positive results were as follows: serology, 7/64 (11%); histological revision, 0/84; immunohistochemistry, 1/44 (2%), and PCR, 6/77 (8%). Only one patient had positive immunohistochemical fi ndings and a positive PCR. The following statistical measures were calculated between PCR and serology: sensitivity, 33.3%; specificity, 88.89%; positive predictive value, 28.57%; negative predictive value, 90.91%; and accuracy, 82.35%. CONCLUSION: The frequency of positive CMV varied among the tests. Serology presented the highest positive frequency. When compared to PCR, the sensitivity and positive predictive value of serology were low.展开更多
Tissue engineering is an emerging field of science that focuses on creating suitable conditions for the regeneration of tissues. The basic components for tissue engineering involve an interactive triad of scaffolds, s...Tissue engineering is an emerging field of science that focuses on creating suitable conditions for the regeneration of tissues. The basic components for tissue engineering involve an interactive triad of scaffolds, signaling molecules, and cells. In this context,stem cells(SCs) present the characteristics of selfrenewal and differentiation capacity, which make them promising candidates for tissue engineering. Although they present some common markers, such as cluster of differentiation(CD)105, CD146 and STRO-1, SCs derived from various tissues have different patterns in relation to proliferation, clonogenicity, and differentiation abilities in vitro and in vivo. Tooth-derived tissues have been proposed as an accessible source to obtain SCs with limited morbidity, and various tooth-derived SCs(TDSCs) have been isolated and characterized, such as dental pulp SCs, SCs from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament SCs, dental follicle progenitor cells, SCs from apical papilla, and periodontal ligament of deciduous teeth SCs. However, heterogeneity among these populations has been observed, and the best method to select the most appropriate TDSCs for regeneration approaches has not yet been established. The objective of this review is to outline the current knowledge concerning the various types of TDSCs, and discuss the perspectives for their use in regenerative approaches.展开更多
AIM To investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation during the development of an experimental model of colitis associated colon cancer(CAC). METHODS C57 BL/6 mice received an intraperitoneal injection of azoxym...AIM To investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation during the development of an experimental model of colitis associated colon cancer(CAC). METHODS C57 BL/6 mice received an intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane(10 mg/kg), followed by three cycles of sodium dextran sulphate diluted in water(5% w/v). Probiotic group received daily a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacil us rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Microbiota composition was assessed by 16 Sr RNA Illumina Hi Seq sequencing. Colon samples were collected for histological analysis. Tumor cytokines was assessed by Real Time-PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction); and serum cytokines by Multiplex assay. All tests were two-sided. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Graphs were generated and statistical analysis performed using the software Graph Pad Prism 5.0. The project was approved by the institutional review board committee. RESULTS At day 60 after azoxymethane injection, the mean number of tumours in the probiotic group was 40% lower than that in the control group, and the probiotic group exhibited tumours of smaller size(< 2 mm)(P < 0.05). There was no difference in richness and diversity between groups. However, there was a significant difference in beta diversity in the multidimensional scaling analysis. The abundance of the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, Clostridium XI and Clostridium XVⅢ increased in the probiotic group(P < 0.05). The microbial change was accompanied by reduced colitis, demonstrated by a 46% reduction in the colon inflammatory index; reduced expression of the serum chemokines RANTES and Eotaxin; decreased p-IKK and TNF-α and increased IL-10 expression in the colon. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a potential chemopreventive effect of probiotic on CAC. Probiotic supplementation changes microbiota structure and regulates the inflammatory response, reducing colitis and preventing CAC.展开更多
Despite advances in therapy, hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection remains an important global health issue. It is estimated that a significant part of the world population is chronically infected with the virus, and many ...Despite advances in therapy, hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection remains an important global health issue. It is estimated that a significant part of the world population is chronically infected with the virus, and many of those affected may develop cirrhosis or liver cancer. The virus shows considerable variability, a characteristic that directly interferes with disease treatment. The response to treatment varies according to HCV genotype and subtype. The continuous generation of variants(quasispecies) allows the virus to escape control by antivirals. Historically, the combination of ribavirin and interferon therapy has represented the only treatment option for the disease. Currently, several new treatment options are emerging and are available to a large part of the affected population. In addition, the search for new substances with antiviral activity against HCV continues, promising future improvements in treatment. Researchers should consider the mutation capacity of the virus and the other variables that affect treatment success.展开更多
AIM: To increase inspiratory muscle strength and improve the quality of life of candidates for liver transplantation.METHODS: Twenty-three candidates for liver transplantation participated in the control group and 14 ...AIM: To increase inspiratory muscle strength and improve the quality of life of candidates for liver transplantation.METHODS: Twenty-three candidates for liver transplantation participated in the control group and 14 made up the intervention group. The control group consisted of 18 men and 5 women, body mass index(BMI) 27.3 ± 4.5 kg/m2 and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD) 18.2 ± 6.1. The intervention group consisted of 11 men and 3 women, BMI 28.6 ± 5.4 kg/m2 and MELD 18 ± 4.5. The presence or absence of ascites was identified in the first patient evaluation and after three months. We evaluated maximal inspiratory pressure(MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure, spirometry, root mean square(RMS) of diaphragm and rectus abdominis, and the quality of life. The exercises were performed daily by patients at home for three months and were supervised at distance monthly. The manual consisted of diaphragmatic breathing exercises, diaphragmatic isometric exercise, Threshold IMT®, lifting upper limbs with a bat and strengthening the abdomen. RESULTS: There was significant difference(P = 0.01) between the first(initial) and the third month(final) MIP in the control group and in the intervention group, but there was no difference(P = 0.45) between the groups.The RMS of the diaphragm was lower(P = 0.001) and the functional capacity was higher(P = 0.006) in the intervention group compared to the control. The general health and mental health domains received higher scores after three months in the control group(P = 0.01) and the intervention group(P = 0.004), but there was no significant difference between them. The comparison between the presence of initial ascites with the presence of ascites was performed after three months in the control group(P = 0.083) and intervention group(P = 0.31). There was no significant difference, in relation to the presence of ascites after three months between groups(P = 0.21). In the intervention group, patients with ascites at the end of the time period had decreased scores on the social aspects SF-36 domain(P = 0.023) compared to those who had no ascites. CONCLUSION: The proposed exercises provide an increase in the inspiratory muscle strength and improve functional capacity, consequently bettering the quality of life of liver disease patients.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)are closely linked to nutrition.The latest research indicates that diet and nutrition are significantly involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease,although their specific role thr...Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)are closely linked to nutrition.The latest research indicates that diet and nutrition are significantly involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease,although their specific role throughout its clinical course still remains unclear.This study reviewed how diet and nutrition are associated with IBD development and management.Even though specific diets have been shown to bring about positive outcomes,there is currently no scientific consensus regarding an appropriate diet that would benefit all IBD patients.We suggest that individualized dietary recommendations are of the greatest importance and that diets should be planned to provide individual IBD patients with specific nutrient requirements while keeping all the clinical aspects of the patients in mind.Further research is clearly necessary to investigate nutritional factors involved in IBD development and,especially,to evaluate the applications of the diets during the course of the disease.展开更多
A thermodynamic analysis of methane oxidative reforming was carried out by Gibbs energy minimization （at constant pressure and temperature） and entropy maximization （at constant pressure and enthalpy） methods,to d...A thermodynamic analysis of methane oxidative reforming was carried out by Gibbs energy minimization （at constant pressure and temperature） and entropy maximization （at constant pressure and enthalpy） methods,to determine the equilibrium compositions and equilibrium temperatures,respectively.Both cases were treated as optimization problems （non-linear programming formulation）.The GAMS 23.1 software and the CONOPT2 solver were used in the resolution of the proposed problems.The hydrogen and syngas production were favored at high temperatures and low pressures,and thus the oxygen to methane molar ratio （O 2 /CH 4） was the dominant factor to control the composition of the product formed.For O 2 /CH 4 molar ratios higher than 0.5,the oxidative reforming of methane presented autothermal behavior in the case of either utilizing O 2 or air as oxidant agent,but oxidation reaction with air possessed the advantage of avoiding peak temperatures in the system,due to change in the heat capacity of the system caused by the addition of nitrogen.The calculated results were compared with previously published experimental and simulated data with a good agreement between them.展开更多
We developed a?statistical study analyzing global seismicity enhancement and its variation?overtwenty years.?X-flares sometimes occur in conjunction with Coronal Mass Ejections (CME),which make their connection with t...We developed a?statistical study analyzing global seismicity enhancement and its variation?overtwenty years.?X-flares sometimes occur in conjunction with Coronal Mass Ejections (CME),which make their connection with the Earth’s magnetosphere stronger.?The preliminary study divided the Earth into seven regions determined by longitude and latitude, and nine levels of depth valid for most locations?in the?Pacific area.?The results showed that X beams influenced seismicity in terrestrial localities, mainly high magnitude earthquakes occurring below the crust at 70 km.?These internal enhancements happen without the presence of any external forces such as studied in Solar Speed Winds.?Nevertheless, those variations are perceptible in the presence of intense X flares and CME and less observed in the periods during which flares were absent. Two cases of high magnitude earthquakes in recent?years are analyzed, and the extreme external conditions of those events fit?with this theory.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)comprise two major forms:Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.The diagnosis of IBD is based on clinical symptoms combined with results found in endoscopic and radiological examinatio...Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)comprise two major forms:Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.The diagnosis of IBD is based on clinical symptoms combined with results found in endoscopic and radiological examinations.In addition,the discovery of biomarkers has significantly improved the diagnosis and management of IBD.Several potential genetic,serological,fecal,microbial,histological and immunological biomarkers have been proposed for IBD,and they have been evaluated for clinical routine and clinical trials.Ileocolonoscopy,especially with biopsy collection,has been considered the standard method to diagnose IBD and to assess clinical activity of the disease,but it is limited to the colon and terminal ileum and is considered invasive.For this reason,non-invasive biomarkers are necessary for this type of chronic inflammatory disease,which affects mostly young individuals,as they are expected to have a long follow-up.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus type 2 and cancer share many risk factors.The pleiotropic insulin-dependent and insulin-independent effects of metformin might inhibit pathways that are frequently amplified in neoplastic tissue.Part...Diabetes mellitus type 2 and cancer share many risk factors.The pleiotropic insulin-dependent and insulin-independent effects of metformin might inhibit pathways that are frequently amplified in neoplastic tissue.Particularly,modulation of inflammation,metabolism,and cell cycle arrest are potential therapeutic cancer targets utilized by metformin to boost the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy.Studies in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the potential of metformin as a chemo-and radiosensitizer,besides its chemopreventive and direct therapeutic activity in digestive system(DS)tumors.Hence,these aspects have been considered in many cancer clinical trials.Case-control and cohort studies and associated meta-analyses have evaluated DS cancer risk and metformin usage,especially in colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Most clinical studies have demonstrated the protective role of metformin in the risk for DS cancers and survival rates.On the other hand,the ability of metformin to enhance the actions of chemotherapy for gastric and biliary cancers is yet to be investigated.This article reviews the current findings on the anti-cancer mechanisms of metformin and its apparatus from pre-clinical and ongoing studies in DS malignancies.展开更多
Brazilian pre-salt reservoirs are renowned for their intricate pore networks and vuggy nature,posing significant challenges in modeling and simulating fluid flow within these carbonate reservoirs.Despite possessing ex...Brazilian pre-salt reservoirs are renowned for their intricate pore networks and vuggy nature,posing significant challenges in modeling and simulating fluid flow within these carbonate reservoirs.Despite possessing excellent petrophysical properties,such as high porosity and permeability,these reservoirs typically exhibit a notably low recovery factor,sometimes falling below 10%.Previous research has indicated that various enhanced oil recovery(EOR)methods,such as water alternating gas(WAG),can substantially augment the recovery factor in pre-salt reservoirs,resulting in improvements of up to 20%.Nevertheless,the fluid flow mechanism within Brazilian carbonate reservoirs,characterized by complex pore geometry,remains unclear.Our study examines the behavior of fluid flow in a similar heterogeneous porous material,utilizing a plug sample obtained from a vugular segment of a Brazilian stromatolite outcrop,known to share analogies with certain pre-salt reservoirs.We conducted single-phase and multi-phase core flooding experiments,complemented by medical-CT scanning,to generate flow streamlines and evaluate the efficiency of water flooding.Subsequently,micro-CT scanning of the core sample was performed,and two cross-sections from horizontal and vertical plates were constructed.These cross-sections were then employed as geometries in a numerical simulator,enabling us to investigate the impact of pore geometry on fluid flow.Analysis of the pore-scale modeling and experimental data unveiled that the presence of dead-end pores and vugs results in a significant portion of the fluid remaining stagnant within these regions.Consequently,the injected fluid exhibits channeling-like behavior,leading to rapid breakthrough and low areal swept efficiency.Additionally,the numerical simulation results demonstrated that,irrespective of the size of the dead-end regions,the pressure variation within the dead-end vugs and pores is negligible.Despite the stromatolite's favorable petrophysical properties,including relatively high porosity and permeability,as well as the presence of interconnected large vugs,the recovery factor during water flooding remained low due to early breakthrough.These findings align with field data obtained from pre-salt reservoirs,providing an explanation for the observed low recovery factor during water flooding in such reservoirs.展开更多
A real-time sensing of the molecular distillation process temperature by a FLUKE brand thermograph Ti50 IR FlexCam and thermography technique was realized. After completion of the molecular distillation, three propert...A real-time sensing of the molecular distillation process temperature by a FLUKE brand thermograph Ti50 IR FlexCam and thermography technique was realized. After completion of the molecular distillation, three properties of heat transport chain cuts and residues obtained in the process were estimated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry （DSC） （specific heat, enthalpy, thermal conductivity）. These properties are of great importance for improving oil characterization and for future modeling and simulation of the molecular distillation process. The results show that through the method of Differential Scanning Calorimetry, profiles have been obtained from the variation of specific heat, enthalpy and thermal condutivity as a function of temperature for samples of cuts from the distillation （ASTM D-2892） and fractions of distillate and residue from the process of molecular distillation.展开更多
文摘In its broadest interpretation, the smart grid vision sees the future of power industry transformed by the introduction of intelligent two-way communications, ubiquitous metering and measurement. This enables much finer control of energy flows and the integration and efficient use of renewable forms of energy, energy efficiency methodologies and technologies, as well as many other advanced technologies, techniques and processes that wouldn’t have been practicable until present. The smart grid vision also enables the creation of more reliable, more robust and more secure power supply infrastructure, and helps optimize the enormous investments required to build and operate the physical infrastructure required. The smart grid promises to revolutionize the electric power business that has been in place for the past 75 years. This work discusses the efficiency, targeted at the consumer units of electricity, with a view to sustainability and potential for technological innovation. The issue is addressed from two perspectives: the systems for generation and power distribution, and the design of a building “smart energy”. Because of the novelty of the subject in our country, the concepts presented and treated throughout this work come from material obtained at events and specialized sites on electric power system in Brazil and worldwide, being accompanied by information and data from NIPE’s building at University of Campinas’s campus case study in which it exemplifies the applicability of the techniques and recommended technologies.
基金the support of EPIC - Energy Production Innovation Center, hosted by the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and sponsored by Equinor Brazil and FAPESP - Sao Paulo Research Foundation (2021/04878- 7 and 2017/15736-3)financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Brasil (CAPES) - Financing Code 001
文摘In the area of reservoir engineering,the optimization of oil and gas production is a complex task involving a myriad of interconnected decision variables shaping the production system's infrastructure.Traditionally,this optimization process was centered on a single objective,such as net present value,return on investment,cumulative oil production,or cumulative water production.However,the inherent complexity of reservoir exploration necessitates a departure from this single-objective approach.Mul-tiple conflicting production and economic indicators must now be considered to enable more precise and robust decision-making.In response to this challenge,researchers have embarked on a journey to explore field development optimization of multiple conflicting criteria,employing the formidable tools of multi-objective optimization algorithms.These algorithms delve into the intricate terrain of production strategy design,seeking to strike a delicate balance between the often-contrasting objectives.Over the years,a plethora of these algorithms have emerged,ranging from a priori methods to a posteriori approach,each offering unique insights and capabilities.This survey endeavors to encapsulate,catego-rize,and scrutinize these invaluable contributions to field development optimization,which grapple with the complexities of multiple conflicting objective functions.Beyond the overview of existing methodologies,we delve into the persisting challenges faced by researchers and practitioners alike.Notably,the application of multi-objective optimization techniques to production optimization is hin-dered by the resource-intensive nature of reservoir simulation,especially when confronted with inherent uncertainties.As a result of this survey,emerging opportunities have been identified that will serve as catalysts for pivotal research endeavors in the future.As intelligent and more efficient algo-rithms continue to evolve,the potential for addressing hitherto insurmountable field development optimization obstacles becomes increasingly viable.This discussion on future prospects aims to inspire critical research,guiding the way toward innovative solutions in the ever-evolving landscape of oil and gas production optimization.
基金National Council for Scientific and Technological Development,CNPq,Research Productivity,grant numbers:304747/2018-1,310135/2022-2,INCT-UROGEN#408576/2024-3(Leonardo O.Reis)and CAPES 88887.508226/2020-00-code 001,and 88887.974845/2024-00.
文摘Objective:The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in prostate cancer progression and may differ across metastatic sites.This study aimed to evaluate and compare the primary and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment.Methods:A total of 27 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples derived from 17 patients diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma,including the primary tumors,and the corresponding metastatic lymphatic and hematogenous lesions from various anatomical sites.Immunohistochemical labeling was performed using antibodies against Cluster of Differentiation 3 epsilon chain(CD3e),CD8 alpha chain(CD8a),Cluster of Differentiation 68(CD68),Cluster of Differentiation 163(CD163),Forkhead box P3(FOXP3),Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte–Associated protein 4(CTLA-4),B7 homolog 3(B7-H3),Programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1),and Marker of proliferation Ki-67(Ki-67).Comparisons were made between primary and metastatic tumors to assess differences in immune cell infiltration,checkpoint expression,and proliferative indices.Results:Sampleswere classified into three groups:Primary Tumor n=12,Lymphatic Metastasis n=7,and Hematogenous Metastasis n=10.FOXP3(p=0.0017)and CD163(p=0.0316)expression levels were significantly higher in the Hematogenous Metastasis compared to both the Primary Tumor and Lymphatic Metastasis.PD-1 showed a clear trend(p=0.0577)toward higher levels in the Primary Tumor compared to both the HematogenousMetastasis and LymphaticMetastasis groups,suggesting distinct immunological landscapes depending on tumor location and progression.Conclusion:Diverse PD-1,CD163,and FOXP3 profiles were observed in primary and metastatic microenvironments of prostate cancer.These findings may contribute to the development of personalized therapeutic strategies and novel prognostic tools beyond conventional histological and TNM staging.
基金Supported by The São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP),Brazil,No.2022/15527-3The Postdoctoral Scholarship Grant from Medical School,São Paulo State University,No.PROPG/PROPE N°06/2024The Master Scholarship Grant from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Programa de Excelência Acadêmica(PROEX),No.88887.807663/2023-00.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,is a chronic condition marked by relapsing inflammation of the gastro-intestinal tract.Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)emphasizes the interplay between metabolic alterations and modern lifestyle factors in its pathogenesis.Emerging evidence suggests that individuals with IBD are at increased risk for MASLD,driven by shared mechanisms,including gut dysbiosis,chronic systemic inflammation,and compromised intestinal barrier function.However,MASLD frequently remains underdiagnosed in this popu-lation.The gut microbiota plays a central role in modulating these interactions,influencing both intestinal permeability and metabolic regulation.Key patho-physiological mechanisms include alterations in short-chain fatty acid production,particularly reduced butyrate synthesis;disruption of bile acid signaling path-ways via farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein–coupled receptor 5 receptors;and activation of pro-inflam-matory cascades through toll-like receptor 4 in the liver.These events lead to increased intestinal permeability,translocation of microbial products,and amplification of hepatic inflammation.This review synthesizes current knowledge on the shared pathophysiological pathways linking IBD and MASLD–focusing on dysbiosis,barrier dysfunction,and inflammation–and underscores their clinical relevance.Understanding the gut–liver axis provides opportunities for early diagnosis and integrated management strategies,aiming to reduce disease burden and im-prove patient outcomes.
基金the Department of Geology at the Federal University of Ceará(DEGEO-UFC)and Prof.Dr.Felipe Holanda dos Santos for their support and guidance during the research process.FHS would like to thank the Society of Economic Geologists(SEG)for the Student Research Grant.WAS is funded by CNPq,under grant number(407255/2022-2).
文摘This study highlights a new by-product source for cobalt by recycling Paleoproterozoic Mn deposits.We present a geochemical modeling approach utilizing Principal Component Analysis(PCA)for available geochemical data of Paleoproterozoic manganese deposits found in Africa and Brazil,which exhibit anomalous cobalt contents(up to 1200 ppm)along with other metals such as copper,nickel,and vanadium.The PCA results for the correlation coefficient matrix of the Enrichment Factor(_(EF))values of major and trace elements from samples of eight Mn deposits found in Africa and Brazil(Kisenge-Kamata,Moanda,Nsuta in Africa,and Azul,Buritirama,Lagoa do Riacho,Morro da Mina,and Serra do Navio in Brazil)yielded a cumulative variance of 53.3%for PC1(34%)and PC2(19.3%).In PC1,the highest positive loadings correspond to the variables Mn_(EF),Ni_(EF),and Co_(EF),while the highest negative loadings correspond to the variables Si_(EF),Fe_(EF),K_(EF),Ti_(EF),Cr_(EF),and Zr_(EF).PC2 exhibits the highest positive loadings for the variables Ca_(_(EF)),Mg_(EF),and P_(EF),while the highest negative loadings are for Cu_(EF)and V_(EF).The biplot diagram representation showed that clusters of vectors Mn_(EF),Ni_(EF),Co_(EF),V_(EF),and Cu_(EF)influence samples of Mn-carbonate rock,Mn-carbonate-silicate rock,Mn-silicate rock,and Mn-carbonate-siliciclastic rock,all with high Co_(EF)values(up to 414).The cluster of vectors Ca_(_(EF)),Mg_(EF),and P_(EF)significantly influence carbonate rock and dolomite marble,which have low Co_(EF)values(close to 0).The cluster of vectors Si_(EF),Fe_(EF),K_(EF),Ti_(EF),Cr_(EF),and Zr_(EF)strongly influences siliciclastic rock,which exhibits low Co_(EF)values.On the other hand,the cluster of vectors Cu_(EF)and V_(EF)influences oxidized Mn ore,which exhibits Co_(EF)values of up to 108.The results reveal a dichotomy regarding the origin of cobalt and other metal enrichments in these deposits linked to the Mn redox cycle.This process involves the formation of Mn-oxyhydroxides with the adsorption of Co and other metals under oxic conditions,followed by the burial of these Mn oxides in an anoxic diagenetic environment,where microbial sulfate reduction leads to the nucleation of Mn-carbonates and the formation of metal-rich sulfides(Fe,Co,Ni,V).Additionally,detrital input and sulfide phases(e.g.,framboidal pyrite)for the formation of Mn-rich siliciclastic rocks associated with Mn-carbonate rocks are evidenced by proxies Si_(EF),Fe_(EF),K_(EF),Ti_(EF),Cr_(EF),and Zr_(EF).This new exploration approach,supported by geochemical modeling through PCA,enhances our understanding of the genesis of these Paleoproterozoic manganese deposits and highlights a new route for cobalt exploration.In the increasing global demand for cobalt,particularly in applications involving electric vehicle batteries and energy storage,exploring these deposits emerges as an alternative source to produce these critical metals.
基金support of??mbar Energia(PD-00211-0003/2023)the strategic importance of the support given by ANEEL(The Brazilian National Electric Energy)through the R&D levy regulation financial support provided by various Brazilian funding agencies,including FAPESP(2023/17560-0,2017/11958-1,and 2017/11986-5),FUNDEP(27192*36,27192*78,27192*79,and 27192*82),CAPES,and CNPq(405643/2022-5 and 302180/2022-2)。
文摘Hydrogen production via catalytic reforming of renewable fuels represents a pivotal strategy in the decarbonization of energy systems.However,conventional catalysts continue to encounter persistent challenges,including sintering,carbon deposition,and structural degradation under severe reaction conditions.This review addresses the growing need to consolidate the rapidly expanding body of knowledge on medium-and high-entropy materials(MEMs and HEMs),whose unique thermodynamic features position them as next-generation catalysts with the potential to overcome these limitations.The discussion is organized to examine how entropy stabilizatio n,lattice disto rtion,and multi-elemental synergy influence catalytic behavior.Materials are categorized by crystal structure(e.g.,perovskite,spinel,and periclase)and by their roles in key reforming processes,including steam,dry,partial oxidation,and autothermal reforming of renewable fuels such as bioethanol,biomethane,and methanol.A detailed comparison of synthesis methods,configurational entropy thresholds,and physicochemical characteristics is presented.The review synthesizes key insights from recent studies,including advances in exsolution-driven nanostructuring,the impact of oxygen vacancy engineering,and the performance of entropy-optimized compositions under practical reforming conditions.It offers a comprehensive mapping of structureperformance relationships,underscoring how entropy can be harnessed to design more robust,selective,and efficient catalytic systems.Future perspectives emphasize the exploration of underinvestigated entropy-stabilized systems(e.g.,nitrides and sulfides),the integration of data-driven design approaches,and the imperative for long-term stability evaluations under industrially relevant conditions.Finally,the review highlights promising opportunities for scaling up entropy-based catalysts and aligning their development with techno-economic and environmental benchmarks.This work aims to serve as both a comprehensive reference and a strategic outlook for advancing hydrogen production technologies through entropy-engineered catalysis.
基金supported and financed by Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado da Bahia(FAPESB,Edital No.08/2015,Projeto No.0014/2016)FAPESB/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico(CNPq)(INCT—MCTI/CNPq/CAPES/FAPs No 6/2014,Projeto No INC0006/2019)+3 种基金support from a Ramón y Cajal fellowship(grant agreement no.RYC2018-024247-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ESF"Investing in your future")the Agencia Estatal de Investigación(project PID2019-105769GB-IO0 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)funded by Fundaçao de AmparoàPesquisa do Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ(E-26/200.332/2023,E-26/210.119/2022,E-26/211.169/2019,and E-26/210.708/2021)CNPq(Productivity Fellow).
文摘Sponges(Porifera)are traditionally considered to lack defined body axes and regional specialization.Understanding whether sponges exhibit preferential growth regions and axial patterning is essential for elucidating the evolution of metazoan body plans.Here,we compared two body regions of the repent morph of Cladocroce caelum(Demospongiae):the proximal region,containing fully developed aquiferous system modules,and the distal region,hypothesized as the primary growth region.Our findings show that specimens predominantly grow from the distal region,where archaeocytes constitute the main cell type(mean 65.3%),whereas the proximal region features aquiferous system modules primarily composed of choanocytes(47%).To further explore molecular differences,we assembled a de novo reference transcriptome for C.caelum,recovering 99%of universal eukaryotic orthologous genes and 94%of metazoan orthologs.RNA-seq analysis revealed the expression of genes associated with the germline,stem cells,and developmental signaling pathways in both regions.However,we identified 11,421 differentially expressed genes(3,506 upregulated in the proximal region and 7,925 in the distal region).Notably,genes involved in the WNT,TGF-β,and MAPK pathways—key regulators of development and cell proliferation—were upregulated in the distal region.These findings provide morphological and molecular evidence of regional specialization in C.caelum,supporting the existence of a preferential growth region at the distal end.Our results suggest that despite the unique organization of the sponge body plan,some poriferans may possess specialized growth regions,akin to those in other metazoans.
文摘Although thousands of DNA damaging events occur in each cell every day,efficient DNA repair pathways have evolved to counteract them. The DNA repair machinery plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability by avoiding the maintenance of mutations. The DNA repair enzymes continuously monitor the chromosomes to correct any damage that is caused by exogenous and endogenous mutagens. If DNA damage in proliferating cells is not repaired because of an inadequate expression of DNA repair genes,it might increase the risk of cancer. In addition to mutations,which can be either inherited or somatically acquired,epigenetic silencing of DNA repair genes has been associated with carcinogenesis. Gastric cancer represents the second highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The disease develops from the accumulation of several genetic and epigenetic changes during the lifetime. Among the risk factors,Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is considered the main driving factor to gastric cancer development. Thus,in this review,we summarize the current knowledge of the role of H. pylori infection on the epigenetic regulation of DNA repair machinery in gastric carcinogenesis.
基金Supported by The State of So Paulo Research Foundation (Fapesp)and the Coordination for Higher Level Graduates Improvement (Capes)
文摘AIM: To determine cytomegalovirus (CMV) frequency in neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis by serology, histological revision (searching for cytomegalic cells), immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to verify the relationships among these methods.METHODS: The study comprised 101 non-consecutive infants submitted for hepatic biopsy between March 1982 and December 2005. Serological results were obtained from the patient's f iles and the other methods were performed on paraffin-embedded liver samples from hepatic biopsies. The following statistical measures were calculated: frequency, sensibility, specif ic positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy.RESULTS: The frequencies of positive results were as follows: serology, 7/64 (11%); histological revision, 0/84; immunohistochemistry, 1/44 (2%), and PCR, 6/77 (8%). Only one patient had positive immunohistochemical fi ndings and a positive PCR. The following statistical measures were calculated between PCR and serology: sensitivity, 33.3%; specificity, 88.89%; positive predictive value, 28.57%; negative predictive value, 90.91%; and accuracy, 82.35%. CONCLUSION: The frequency of positive CMV varied among the tests. Serology presented the highest positive frequency. When compared to PCR, the sensitivity and positive predictive value of serology were low.
基金Supported by The CAPES Foundation,Ministry of Education of Brazil(Saito MT)
文摘Tissue engineering is an emerging field of science that focuses on creating suitable conditions for the regeneration of tissues. The basic components for tissue engineering involve an interactive triad of scaffolds, signaling molecules, and cells. In this context,stem cells(SCs) present the characteristics of selfrenewal and differentiation capacity, which make them promising candidates for tissue engineering. Although they present some common markers, such as cluster of differentiation(CD)105, CD146 and STRO-1, SCs derived from various tissues have different patterns in relation to proliferation, clonogenicity, and differentiation abilities in vitro and in vivo. Tooth-derived tissues have been proposed as an accessible source to obtain SCs with limited morbidity, and various tooth-derived SCs(TDSCs) have been isolated and characterized, such as dental pulp SCs, SCs from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament SCs, dental follicle progenitor cells, SCs from apical papilla, and periodontal ligament of deciduous teeth SCs. However, heterogeneity among these populations has been observed, and the best method to select the most appropriate TDSCs for regeneration approaches has not yet been established. The objective of this review is to outline the current knowledge concerning the various types of TDSCs, and discuss the perspectives for their use in regenerative approaches.
基金Supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP,Brazil,No.07607-8/2013)National Research Council(CNPq,No.150127/2016-2,No.306821/2010-9)
文摘AIM To investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation during the development of an experimental model of colitis associated colon cancer(CAC). METHODS C57 BL/6 mice received an intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane(10 mg/kg), followed by three cycles of sodium dextran sulphate diluted in water(5% w/v). Probiotic group received daily a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacil us rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Microbiota composition was assessed by 16 Sr RNA Illumina Hi Seq sequencing. Colon samples were collected for histological analysis. Tumor cytokines was assessed by Real Time-PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction); and serum cytokines by Multiplex assay. All tests were two-sided. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Graphs were generated and statistical analysis performed using the software Graph Pad Prism 5.0. The project was approved by the institutional review board committee. RESULTS At day 60 after azoxymethane injection, the mean number of tumours in the probiotic group was 40% lower than that in the control group, and the probiotic group exhibited tumours of smaller size(< 2 mm)(P < 0.05). There was no difference in richness and diversity between groups. However, there was a significant difference in beta diversity in the multidimensional scaling analysis. The abundance of the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, Clostridium XI and Clostridium XVⅢ increased in the probiotic group(P < 0.05). The microbial change was accompanied by reduced colitis, demonstrated by a 46% reduction in the colon inflammatory index; reduced expression of the serum chemokines RANTES and Eotaxin; decreased p-IKK and TNF-α and increased IL-10 expression in the colon. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a potential chemopreventive effect of probiotic on CAC. Probiotic supplementation changes microbiota structure and regulates the inflammatory response, reducing colitis and preventing CAC.
文摘Despite advances in therapy, hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection remains an important global health issue. It is estimated that a significant part of the world population is chronically infected with the virus, and many of those affected may develop cirrhosis or liver cancer. The virus shows considerable variability, a characteristic that directly interferes with disease treatment. The response to treatment varies according to HCV genotype and subtype. The continuous generation of variants(quasispecies) allows the virus to escape control by antivirals. Historically, the combination of ribavirin and interferon therapy has represented the only treatment option for the disease. Currently, several new treatment options are emerging and are available to a large part of the affected population. In addition, the search for new substances with antiviral activity against HCV continues, promising future improvements in treatment. Researchers should consider the mutation capacity of the virus and the other variables that affect treatment success.
文摘AIM: To increase inspiratory muscle strength and improve the quality of life of candidates for liver transplantation.METHODS: Twenty-three candidates for liver transplantation participated in the control group and 14 made up the intervention group. The control group consisted of 18 men and 5 women, body mass index(BMI) 27.3 ± 4.5 kg/m2 and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD) 18.2 ± 6.1. The intervention group consisted of 11 men and 3 women, BMI 28.6 ± 5.4 kg/m2 and MELD 18 ± 4.5. The presence or absence of ascites was identified in the first patient evaluation and after three months. We evaluated maximal inspiratory pressure(MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure, spirometry, root mean square(RMS) of diaphragm and rectus abdominis, and the quality of life. The exercises were performed daily by patients at home for three months and were supervised at distance monthly. The manual consisted of diaphragmatic breathing exercises, diaphragmatic isometric exercise, Threshold IMT®, lifting upper limbs with a bat and strengthening the abdomen. RESULTS: There was significant difference(P = 0.01) between the first(initial) and the third month(final) MIP in the control group and in the intervention group, but there was no difference(P = 0.45) between the groups.The RMS of the diaphragm was lower(P = 0.001) and the functional capacity was higher(P = 0.006) in the intervention group compared to the control. The general health and mental health domains received higher scores after three months in the control group(P = 0.01) and the intervention group(P = 0.004), but there was no significant difference between them. The comparison between the presence of initial ascites with the presence of ascites was performed after three months in the control group(P = 0.083) and intervention group(P = 0.31). There was no significant difference, in relation to the presence of ascites after three months between groups(P = 0.21). In the intervention group, patients with ascites at the end of the time period had decreased scores on the social aspects SF-36 domain(P = 0.023) compared to those who had no ascites. CONCLUSION: The proposed exercises provide an increase in the inspiratory muscle strength and improve functional capacity, consequently bettering the quality of life of liver disease patients.
基金National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq),No.301388/2018-0 and 140520/2019-8and the Funding for Education,Research and Extension Support from the University of Campinas(FAEPEX).
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)are closely linked to nutrition.The latest research indicates that diet and nutrition are significantly involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease,although their specific role throughout its clinical course still remains unclear.This study reviewed how diet and nutrition are associated with IBD development and management.Even though specific diets have been shown to bring about positive outcomes,there is currently no scientific consensus regarding an appropriate diet that would benefit all IBD patients.We suggest that individualized dietary recommendations are of the greatest importance and that diets should be planned to provide individual IBD patients with specific nutrient requirements while keeping all the clinical aspects of the patients in mind.Further research is clearly necessary to investigate nutritional factors involved in IBD development and,especially,to evaluate the applications of the diets during the course of the disease.
基金supported by CAPES-Coordenacāo de Aperfeic oamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior-Brazil and CNPq-Conselho Nacional de Desen-volvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Brazil
文摘A thermodynamic analysis of methane oxidative reforming was carried out by Gibbs energy minimization （at constant pressure and temperature） and entropy maximization （at constant pressure and enthalpy） methods,to determine the equilibrium compositions and equilibrium temperatures,respectively.Both cases were treated as optimization problems （non-linear programming formulation）.The GAMS 23.1 software and the CONOPT2 solver were used in the resolution of the proposed problems.The hydrogen and syngas production were favored at high temperatures and low pressures,and thus the oxygen to methane molar ratio （O 2 /CH 4） was the dominant factor to control the composition of the product formed.For O 2 /CH 4 molar ratios higher than 0.5,the oxidative reforming of methane presented autothermal behavior in the case of either utilizing O 2 or air as oxidant agent,but oxidation reaction with air possessed the advantage of avoiding peak temperatures in the system,due to change in the heat capacity of the system caused by the addition of nitrogen.The calculated results were compared with previously published experimental and simulated data with a good agreement between them.
文摘We developed a?statistical study analyzing global seismicity enhancement and its variation?overtwenty years.?X-flares sometimes occur in conjunction with Coronal Mass Ejections (CME),which make their connection with the Earth’s magnetosphere stronger.?The preliminary study divided the Earth into seven regions determined by longitude and latitude, and nine levels of depth valid for most locations?in the?Pacific area.?The results showed that X beams influenced seismicity in terrestrial localities, mainly high magnitude earthquakes occurring below the crust at 70 km.?These internal enhancements happen without the presence of any external forces such as studied in Solar Speed Winds.?Nevertheless, those variations are perceptible in the presence of intense X flares and CME and less observed in the periods during which flares were absent. Two cases of high magnitude earthquakes in recent?years are analyzed, and the extreme external conditions of those events fit?with this theory.
基金Supported by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq),No.301388/2018-0Funding for Education,Research and Extension Support(FAEPEX),University of Campinas.
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)comprise two major forms:Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.The diagnosis of IBD is based on clinical symptoms combined with results found in endoscopic and radiological examinations.In addition,the discovery of biomarkers has significantly improved the diagnosis and management of IBD.Several potential genetic,serological,fecal,microbial,histological and immunological biomarkers have been proposed for IBD,and they have been evaluated for clinical routine and clinical trials.Ileocolonoscopy,especially with biopsy collection,has been considered the standard method to diagnose IBD and to assess clinical activity of the disease,but it is limited to the colon and terminal ileum and is considered invasive.For this reason,non-invasive biomarkers are necessary for this type of chronic inflammatory disease,which affects mostly young individuals,as they are expected to have a long follow-up.
文摘Diabetes mellitus type 2 and cancer share many risk factors.The pleiotropic insulin-dependent and insulin-independent effects of metformin might inhibit pathways that are frequently amplified in neoplastic tissue.Particularly,modulation of inflammation,metabolism,and cell cycle arrest are potential therapeutic cancer targets utilized by metformin to boost the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy.Studies in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the potential of metformin as a chemo-and radiosensitizer,besides its chemopreventive and direct therapeutic activity in digestive system(DS)tumors.Hence,these aspects have been considered in many cancer clinical trials.Case-control and cohort studies and associated meta-analyses have evaluated DS cancer risk and metformin usage,especially in colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Most clinical studies have demonstrated the protective role of metformin in the risk for DS cancers and survival rates.On the other hand,the ability of metformin to enhance the actions of chemotherapy for gastric and biliary cancers is yet to be investigated.This article reviews the current findings on the anti-cancer mechanisms of metformin and its apparatus from pre-clinical and ongoing studies in DS malignancies.
基金the support of EPIC-Energy Production Innovation Center,hosted by the University of Campinas(UNICAMP)sponsored by FAPESP-Sao Paulo Research Foundation(2017/15736e3 process).
文摘Brazilian pre-salt reservoirs are renowned for their intricate pore networks and vuggy nature,posing significant challenges in modeling and simulating fluid flow within these carbonate reservoirs.Despite possessing excellent petrophysical properties,such as high porosity and permeability,these reservoirs typically exhibit a notably low recovery factor,sometimes falling below 10%.Previous research has indicated that various enhanced oil recovery(EOR)methods,such as water alternating gas(WAG),can substantially augment the recovery factor in pre-salt reservoirs,resulting in improvements of up to 20%.Nevertheless,the fluid flow mechanism within Brazilian carbonate reservoirs,characterized by complex pore geometry,remains unclear.Our study examines the behavior of fluid flow in a similar heterogeneous porous material,utilizing a plug sample obtained from a vugular segment of a Brazilian stromatolite outcrop,known to share analogies with certain pre-salt reservoirs.We conducted single-phase and multi-phase core flooding experiments,complemented by medical-CT scanning,to generate flow streamlines and evaluate the efficiency of water flooding.Subsequently,micro-CT scanning of the core sample was performed,and two cross-sections from horizontal and vertical plates were constructed.These cross-sections were then employed as geometries in a numerical simulator,enabling us to investigate the impact of pore geometry on fluid flow.Analysis of the pore-scale modeling and experimental data unveiled that the presence of dead-end pores and vugs results in a significant portion of the fluid remaining stagnant within these regions.Consequently,the injected fluid exhibits channeling-like behavior,leading to rapid breakthrough and low areal swept efficiency.Additionally,the numerical simulation results demonstrated that,irrespective of the size of the dead-end regions,the pressure variation within the dead-end vugs and pores is negligible.Despite the stromatolite's favorable petrophysical properties,including relatively high porosity and permeability,as well as the presence of interconnected large vugs,the recovery factor during water flooding remained low due to early breakthrough.These findings align with field data obtained from pre-salt reservoirs,providing an explanation for the observed low recovery factor during water flooding in such reservoirs.
文摘A real-time sensing of the molecular distillation process temperature by a FLUKE brand thermograph Ti50 IR FlexCam and thermography technique was realized. After completion of the molecular distillation, three properties of heat transport chain cuts and residues obtained in the process were estimated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry （DSC） （specific heat, enthalpy, thermal conductivity）. These properties are of great importance for improving oil characterization and for future modeling and simulation of the molecular distillation process. The results show that through the method of Differential Scanning Calorimetry, profiles have been obtained from the variation of specific heat, enthalpy and thermal condutivity as a function of temperature for samples of cuts from the distillation （ASTM D-2892） and fractions of distillate and residue from the process of molecular distillation.
