Previous studies have shown oviposition deterring properties of 8 coconut free fatty acid(CFFA)compounds on fruit flies with different key deterrent components for different species.Here we evaluated oviposition deter...Previous studies have shown oviposition deterring properties of 8 coconut free fatty acid(CFFA)compounds on fruit flies with different key deterrent components for different species.Here we evaluated oviposition deterrence of CFFA using laboratory 2-choice bioassays against Zeugodacus cucurbitae,determined key-bioactive deterrent compounds,and evaluated their behavioral mode.Unlike other reported fruit fly species,CFFA mixture increased Z.cucurbitae oviposition when directly applied on an oviposition substrate.When tested individually in subsequent tests,4 compounds(caprylic,capric,oleic,and linoleic acids)significantly reduced the oviposition(“negative-compounds”),1 compound(stearic acid)had no effect(“neutral-compound”),and 3 compounds(lauric,myristic,and palmitic acids)stimulated the oviposition(“positive-compounds”).The 4-component negative-compound blend was effective at reducing oviposition.However,adding stearic acid to the 4-component blend(5-component blend,5c)further reduced oviposition.Adding any of the positive-compounds to the 5c resulted in loss of oviposition deterrence,suggesting the 5c as the key deterrent component blend.The blend was also effective in no-choice assays and when applied on cucumbers,a preferred host of Z.cucurbitae.When given a choice,Z.cucurbitae made 48.5%fewer visits,spent 39%less time,and oviposited 88.2%fewer eggs per min on 5c treated pumpkin agar than on control agar,suggesting that the 5c blend has both spatial repellency and contact deterrence.Given that all compounds are registered food additives and generally regarded as safe,this blend has potential application in behavioral control strategies,such as push-pull,to protect host fruit against Z.cucurbitae.展开更多
基金supported in part by funding from Plant Protection Act 7721 funding to Dong H.Cha,Amy Roda,Junwei Zhu,and Paul Kendra(#2021-6.1171)Jia-Wei Tay and Dong H.Cha(AP22PPQS&T00C067)a CRADA with Marron Bio Innovations,Inc to Dong H.Cha and Junwei Zhu(#58-2040-0-004)。
文摘Previous studies have shown oviposition deterring properties of 8 coconut free fatty acid(CFFA)compounds on fruit flies with different key deterrent components for different species.Here we evaluated oviposition deterrence of CFFA using laboratory 2-choice bioassays against Zeugodacus cucurbitae,determined key-bioactive deterrent compounds,and evaluated their behavioral mode.Unlike other reported fruit fly species,CFFA mixture increased Z.cucurbitae oviposition when directly applied on an oviposition substrate.When tested individually in subsequent tests,4 compounds(caprylic,capric,oleic,and linoleic acids)significantly reduced the oviposition(“negative-compounds”),1 compound(stearic acid)had no effect(“neutral-compound”),and 3 compounds(lauric,myristic,and palmitic acids)stimulated the oviposition(“positive-compounds”).The 4-component negative-compound blend was effective at reducing oviposition.However,adding stearic acid to the 4-component blend(5-component blend,5c)further reduced oviposition.Adding any of the positive-compounds to the 5c resulted in loss of oviposition deterrence,suggesting the 5c as the key deterrent component blend.The blend was also effective in no-choice assays and when applied on cucumbers,a preferred host of Z.cucurbitae.When given a choice,Z.cucurbitae made 48.5%fewer visits,spent 39%less time,and oviposited 88.2%fewer eggs per min on 5c treated pumpkin agar than on control agar,suggesting that the 5c blend has both spatial repellency and contact deterrence.Given that all compounds are registered food additives and generally regarded as safe,this blend has potential application in behavioral control strategies,such as push-pull,to protect host fruit against Z.cucurbitae.
