The mineralogical, petrological and geochemical studies on Keliyang （克里阳） potassic dykes have been carried out to understand their rock types, the petrogenesis and the nature of their mantle sources. They arc pot...The mineralogical, petrological and geochemical studies on Keliyang （克里阳） potassic dykes have been carried out to understand their rock types, the petrogenesis and the nature of their mantle sources. They arc potassic lamprophyre, not lamproites as the previous researchers believed. In this study, the whole-rock major and trace element compositions of another 6 lamproite dykes recently discovered are reported. Major elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry （XRF） techniques, while REE and trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. They can be classified into phlogopite-diopside lamprophyre, leucite-diopside lamprophyre and granular carbonatite-bearing diopside lamprophyre on the basis of their mineral components. They are all characterized by relatively low SiO2 （41.31% --44. 84% ）, TIO2 （0.75%-0.86% ） and high MgO （7.30%-11.33%）, K2O （4.01%-6.01%） concentrations with K2O/Na2O ratios of 2.77-12.49. In addition, they display enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements （LILEs, e. g., Rb, Sr, Ba） and LREE, but a relative depletion in high-field-strength elements （HFSEs, e.g. , Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Ti）. They display similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns with slight negative Eu anomalies （δEu=0.64-0.82）, and high initial ^87 Sr/^86Sr ratios, which resemble those of high K/Ti and Iow-Ti potassic magmas formed in subduction-related settings. Consequently, we suggest that the parental magma was generated by partial melting of the phlogopite-amphibole-bearing garnet lherzolite within the lithospheric mantle that might have been metasomatized by a potassium-bearing fluid released from a sabdaction oceanic crust.展开更多
Background:Medulloblastoma(MB)is one of the most common malignant brain tumors that mainly affect children.Various approaches have been used to model MB to facilitate investigating tumorigenesis.This study aims to com...Background:Medulloblastoma(MB)is one of the most common malignant brain tumors that mainly affect children.Various approaches have been used to model MB to facilitate investigating tumorigenesis.This study aims to compare the recapitulation of MB between subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft(sPDX),intracranial patient-derived xenograft(iPDX),and genetically engineered mouse models(GEMM)at the single-cell level.Methods:We obtained primary human sonic hedgehog(SHH)and group 3(G3)MB samples from six patients.For each patient specimen,we developed two sPDX and iPDX models,respectively.Three Patch+/-GEMM models were also included for sequencing.Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to compare gene expression profiles,cellular composition,and functional pathway enrichment.Bulk RNA-seq deconvolution was performed to compare cellular composition across models and human samples.Results:Our results showed that the sPDX tumor model demonstrated the highest correlation to the overall transcriptomic profiles of primary human tumors at the single-cell level within the SHH and G3 subgroups,followed by the GEMM model and iPDX.The GEMM tumor model was able to recapitulate all subpopulations of tumor microenvironment(TME)cells that can be clustered in human SHH tumors,including a higher proportion of tumor-associated astrocytes and immune cells,and an additional cluster of vascular endothelia when compared to human SHH tumors.Conclusions:This study was the first to compare experimental models for MB at the single-cell level,providing value insights into model selection for different research purposes.sPDX and iPDX are suitable for drug testing and personalized therapy screenings,whereas GEMM models are valuable for investigating the interaction between tumor and TME cells.展开更多
In the past decades,global land cover datasets have been produced but also been criticized for their low accuracies,which have been affecting the applications of these datasets.Producing a new global dataset requires ...In the past decades,global land cover datasets have been produced but also been criticized for their low accuracies,which have been affecting the applications of these datasets.Producing a new global dataset requires a tremendous amount of efforts;however,it is also possible to improve the accuracy of global land cover mapping by fusing the existing datasets.A decision-fuse method was developed based on fuzzy logic to quantify the consistencies and uncertainties of the existing datasets and then aggregated to provide the most certain estimation.The method was applied to produce a 1-km global land cover map(SYNLCover)by integrating five global land cover datasets and three global datasets of tree cover and croplands.Efforts were carried out to assess the quality:1)inter-comparison of the datasets revealed that the SYNLCover dataset had higher consistency than these input global land cover datasets,suggesting that the data fusion method reduced the disagreement among the input datasets;2)quality assessment using the human-interpreted reference dataset reported the highest accuracy in the fused SYNLCover dataset,which had an overall accuracy of 71.1%,in contrast to the overall accuracy between 48.6%and 68.9%for the other global land cover datasets.展开更多
Aluminosilicate small pore zeolites belonging to ABC-6 family play crucially important roles in the high methanol conversion with the high selectivity of light olefins,gas separation and storage,and selective catalyti...Aluminosilicate small pore zeolites belonging to ABC-6 family play crucially important roles in the high methanol conversion with the high selectivity of light olefins,gas separation and storage,and selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x).In this work,we report a general method,called the epitaxial growth approach,for designing ABC-6 family small pore zeolites.It is mainly realized through the epitaxial growth on the nonporous SOD-type zeolite in the presence of inorganic cations(Na^(+)and K^(+))combined with a variety of organic structure directing agents(OSDAs).In this case,a series of ABC-6 family small pore zeolites such as ERI-,SWY-,LEV-,AFX-,and PTT-type zeolites have been successfully synthesized within a few hours.More importantly,the advanced focused ion beam(FIB)and the low-dose high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)imaging technique have been utilized for unraveling the zeolite heterojunction at the atomic level during the epitaxial growth process.It turns out(222)crystallographic planes of the SOD-type zeolite substrate provide unique pre-building units,which facilitate the growth of targeted ABC-6 family small pore zeolites along its c-axis.Moreover,the morphologies of ERI-type zeolite can also be tuned through the epitaxial growth approach,achieving a longer lifetime in the methanol conversion.展开更多
Tropical cyclones constitute a major risk for coastal communities.To assess their damage potential,accurate predictions of their intensification are needed,which requires a detailed understanding of the evolution of t...Tropical cyclones constitute a major risk for coastal communities.To assess their damage potential,accurate predictions of their intensification are needed,which requires a detailed understanding of the evolution of turbulent heat flux(THF).By combining multiple buoy observations along the south north storm track,we investigated the THF anomalies associated with tropical storm Danas(2019)in the East China Sea(ECS)during its complete life cycle from the intensification stage to the mature stage and finally to its dissipation on land.The storm passage is characterized by strong winds of 10-20 m/s and a sea level pressure below 1000 hPa,resulting in a substantial enhancement of THF.Latent heat(LH)fluxes are most strongly affected by wind speed,with a gradually increasing contribution of humidity along the trajectory.The relative contributions of wind speed and temperature anomalies to sensible heat(SH)depend on the stability of the boundary layer.Under stable conditions,SH variations are driven by wind speed,while under near-neutral conditions,SH variations are driven by temperature.A comparison of the observed THF and associated variables with outputs from the ERA 5 and MERRA 2 reanalysis products reveals that the reanalysis products can reproduce the basic evolution and composition of the observed THF.However,under extreme weather conditions,temperature and humidity variations are poorly captured by ERA 5 and MERRA 2,leading to large LH and SH errors.The differences in the observed and reproduced LH and SH during the passage of Danas amount to 26.1 and 6.6 W/m^(2) for ERA 5,respectively,and to 39.4 and 12.5 W/m^(2) for MERRA 2,respectively.These results demonstrate the need to improve the representation of tropical cyclones in reanalysis products to better predict their intensification process and reduce their damage.展开更多
Fenton-like process based on metal oxide presents one of the most hoping strategies to generate reactive oxygen species to treat refractory pollutants.The introduction of oxygen vacancies(OVs)can enhance the catalytic...Fenton-like process based on metal oxide presents one of the most hoping strategies to generate reactive oxygen species to treat refractory pollutants.The introduction of oxygen vacancies(OVs)can enhance the catalytic performance of metal oxides in Fenton-like reaction.In this paper,a one-step all solid-state synthesis strategy is proposed to induce oxygen defects in V_(2)O_(5),which uses graphene to engineer the crystallization process of V-based crystals.Such approach employs graphene as a solid-catalyst to promote growth of V-based crystals owing to the ions-πinteractions between graphene and VCl_(3).The electrondonor OVs in V_(2)O_(5)@graphene can not only active H_(2)O_(2)for the·OH generation,but also accelerate the reduction of V^(5+)and V^(4+),thereby ensuring defective V_(2)O_(5)@graphene/H_(2)O_(2)system is 14.3,28.2,and 17.3times higher than that of graphene/H_(2)O_(2),pure V_(2)O_(5)/H_(2)O_(2)and graphene+V_(2)O_(5)/H_(2)O_(2)(mechanical mixed system),respectively.Our study provides a novel synthetic strategy to design and prepare OVs-riched transition metal catalysts for developing advanced oxidation technologies toward higher sustainability and practicality.展开更多
We propose the design of an observation station to establish a reliable datum for displacement and deformation analysis at the first working-face subsidence observation station of Liuzhuang Mine. The design considers ...We propose the design of an observation station to establish a reliable datum for displacement and deformation analysis at the first working-face subsidence observation station of Liuzhuang Mine. The design considers various geologic and mining con-ditions. Having analyzed the aims of the joint survey and the comprehensive survey, we propose design principles, and work modes, for adopting GPS technology as the position measuring technique to be used in these two stages. Baseline vectors and spatial ad-justments of the GPS network were calculated after study of data processing and quality estimation methods. A coordinate system transformation and error estimates of the transformed GPS network data are discussed. The error estimates in all stages show that the GPS control network of the observation station has sufficient accuracy and is highly efficient. The network thus provides a reli-able datum for analyzing the laws of surface displacement and deformation induced by mining.展开更多
Denitrification is one of the major processes causing nitrogen loss from arable soils.This study aimed to investigate the responses of nir S-type denitrifier communities to different chronic fertilization regimes acro...Denitrification is one of the major processes causing nitrogen loss from arable soils.This study aimed to investigate the responses of nir S-type denitrifier communities to different chronic fertilization regimes across the black soil region of Northeast China.Soil samples were collected from sites located in the north(NB),middle(MB),and south(SB)of the black soil region of Northeast China,each with four chronic fertilization regimes:no fertilizer(No F),chemical fertilizer(CF),manure(M),and chemical fertilizer plus manure(CFM).Methods of quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)and Illumina Mi Seq sequencing were applied to assess the abundance and composition of denitrifier communities by targeting the nir S gene.The results showed that the M and CFM regimes significantly increased the abundances of nir S-type denitrifiers compared with No F at the three locations.The majority of nir S sequences were grouped as unclassified denitrifiers,and the different fertilizers induced little variation in the relative abundance of known nir S-type denitrifier taxa.Over 90%of the sequences were shared among the four fertilization regimes at each location,but none of the abundant operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were shared among the three locations.Principal coordinate analysis(PCo A)revealed that the communities of nir S-type denitrifier were separated into three groups that corresponded with their locations.Although similar fertilization regimes did not induce consistent changes in the nir S-type denitrifier communities,soil p H and NO-3-N content simultaneously and significantly influenced the structure of nir S-type denitrifier communities at the three locations.Our results highlight that geographical separation rather than chronic fertilization was the dominant factor determining the nir S-type denitrifier community structures,and similar chronic fertilization regimes did not induce consistent shifts of nir S-type denitrifier communities in the black soils.展开更多
With the continuous development of the electronics industry,the energy density of modern electronic devices increases constantly,thus releasing a lot of heat during operation.Modern electronic devices take higher and ...With the continuous development of the electronics industry,the energy density of modern electronic devices increases constantly,thus releasing a lot of heat during operation.Modern electronic devices take higher and higher request to the thermal interface materials.Achieving high thermal conductivity needs to establish an interconnecting thermal conductivity network in the matrix.For this purpose,the suspension of Al203 and curdlan was first foamed to construct a bubble-templated continuous ceramic framework.Owing to the rapid gelation property of curdlan,we can easily remove moisture by hot air drying.Finally,the high thermally conductive composites are prepared by vacuum impregnation of silicone rubber.The result showed that composites prepared by our method have higher thermal conductivity than the samples obtained by traditional method.The thermal conductivity of the prepared composite material reached 1.253 W·m^(-1)·K·^-(1)when the alumina content was 69.6 wt%.This facile method is expected to be applied to the preparation of high-performance thermal interface materials.展开更多
Although compatibility is highly advocated in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), inappropriate combination of some herbs may reduce the therapeutic action and even produce toxic effects. Kansui and licorice, one of T...Although compatibility is highly advocated in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), inappropriate combination of some herbs may reduce the therapeutic action and even produce toxic effects. Kansui and licorice, one of TCM “Eighteen Incompatible Medicaments”, are the most representative cases of improper herbal combination, which may still be applied simultaneously under given conditions. However, the potential mechanism of their compatibility and incompatibility is unclear. In the present study, two different ratios of kansui and licorice, representing their compatibility and incompatibility respectively, were designed to elucidate their interaction by comparative plasma/tissue metabolomics and a heatmap with relative fold change. As a result, glycocholic acid, prostaglandin F2a, dihydroceramide and sphinganine were screened out as the principal alternative biomarkers of compatibility group;sphinganine, dihydroceramide, arachidonic acid, leukotriene B4, acetoacetic acid and linoleic acid were those of incompatibility group. Based on the values of biomarkers in each tissue, the liver was identified as the compatible target organ, while the heart, liver, and kidney were the incompatible target organs. Furthermore, important pathways for compatibility and incompatibility were also constructed. These results help us to better understand and utilize the two herbs, and the study was the first to reveal some innate characters of herbs related to TCM “Eighteen Incompatible Medicaments”.展开更多
High salt and low temperature are the bottlenecks for the remove of oil contaminants by enriched crude-oil degrading microbiota in Liaohe Estuarine Wetland(LEW),China.To improve the performance of crude-oil removal,mi...High salt and low temperature are the bottlenecks for the remove of oil contaminants by enriched crude-oil degrading microbiota in Liaohe Estuarine Wetland(LEW),China.To improve the performance of crude-oil removal,microbiota was further immobilized by two methods,i.e.,sodium alginate(SA),and polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate(PVA+SA).Results showed that the crude oil was effectively removed by the enrichment with an average degrading ratio of 19.42-31.45 mg(L d)^(−1).The optimal inoculum size for the n-alkanes removal was 10%and 99.89%.Some members of genera Acinetobacter,Actinophytocola,Aquabac-terium,Dysgonomonas,Frigidibacter,Sphingobium,Serpens,and Pseudomonas dominated in crude-oil degrading microflora.Though the removal efficiency was lower than free bacteria when the temperature was 15℃,SA and PVA+SA immobilization im-proved the resistance to salinity.The composite crude-oil degrading microbiota in this study demonstrated a perspective potential for crude oil removal from surface water under high salinity and low temperature conditions.展开更多
Long-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanes in core sediments from the northern South China Sea(SCS)were measured to make a comparison during terrestrial vegetation reconstruction from~42 ka to~7 ka.The results showed that te...Long-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanes in core sediments from the northern South China Sea(SCS)were measured to make a comparison during terrestrial vegetation reconstruction from~42 ka to~7 ka.The results showed that terrestrial vegetation record from long-chain n-alkanes matched well with previous studies in nearby cores,showing that more C_(4)plants developed during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM)and C_(3)plants dominated in the interglacial period.However,these scenarios were not revealed by terrestrial vegetation reconstruction using long-chain n-alkanols,which showed C_(3)plant expansion during the LGM.The discrepancy during the interglacial period could be attributed to the aerobic degradation of functionalized long-chain n-alkanols in the oxygen-rich bottom water,resulting in poor preservation of terrestrial vegetation signals.On the other hand,the different advantages of functionalized n-alkanols and non-functional n-alkanes to record local and distal vegetation signals,respectively,may offer a potential explanation for the contradiction during the LGM when the SCS was characterized by low-oxygen deep water.Nevertheless,large variations on n-alkyl lipid compositions in C_(3)/C_(4)plants could play a part in modulating sedimentary long-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanes toward different vegetation signals,thereby suggesting that caution must be taken in respect to the terrestrial vegetation reconstruction using long-chain n-alkanes and long-chain n-alkanols.展开更多
Safflower （Carthamus tinctorius） has its own limited factors, especially insect pests. There are several injurious insect pests reported from various safflower growing areas in Iran, causing severe and economical lo...Safflower （Carthamus tinctorius） has its own limited factors, especially insect pests. There are several injurious insect pests reported from various safflower growing areas in Iran, causing severe and economical losses on various parts of safflower plants. They are safflower Budfly and capsulfly （Acanthiophilus helianthi）, aphid （Uroleucon carthami）, green leafhopper （Empoasca decipiens）, ground bug （Oxycarneus pallens）, grampod borer and capsule borer or bordered straw （Heliothis （and or Heliocaverpa） peltigera）, red spider mite and two spotted spider mite （Tetranychus urtica）, beet armyworm （Spodoptera exigua）, scarab beetle （Tropinota （and or Epicometis） hirta）, Egyptian cotton leaf （Spodoptera littoralis）, cotton boll worm （Heliothi absouleta） and so on. The other reported safflower insect pests from other countries are wireworms （Limonius spp.）, lygus bugs （Lygus hesperus）, flower thrips （Eastern or Western） or onion thrips （Thrips tabaci）, and seed corn maggots （Delia platura）, sunflower moths （Helianthus annuus） and Caterpillar （Perigaea capensis） are the serious pests of this crop. The other reports showed that some stored-product insects are capable of establishing infestations in safflower seeds and seed meal under suitable conditions. Only Lasiaderma serricorne, Stegobium penliceum, and the four species of Trogodema were to be as the infectious pests. Safflower is also attractive to several beneficial insects, including lady beetles and lacewings that may provide insect control in surrounding fields.展开更多
基金This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundationof China (No .40072061) the Programfor New Century ExcellentTalents in University (No. NCET-04-0728) the Fund of the K-ey Subject on Mineral Prospecting and Exploration Ⅰin Xinjiang .
文摘The mineralogical, petrological and geochemical studies on Keliyang （克里阳） potassic dykes have been carried out to understand their rock types, the petrogenesis and the nature of their mantle sources. They arc potassic lamprophyre, not lamproites as the previous researchers believed. In this study, the whole-rock major and trace element compositions of another 6 lamproite dykes recently discovered are reported. Major elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry （XRF） techniques, while REE and trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. They can be classified into phlogopite-diopside lamprophyre, leucite-diopside lamprophyre and granular carbonatite-bearing diopside lamprophyre on the basis of their mineral components. They are all characterized by relatively low SiO2 （41.31% --44. 84% ）, TIO2 （0.75%-0.86% ） and high MgO （7.30%-11.33%）, K2O （4.01%-6.01%） concentrations with K2O/Na2O ratios of 2.77-12.49. In addition, they display enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements （LILEs, e. g., Rb, Sr, Ba） and LREE, but a relative depletion in high-field-strength elements （HFSEs, e.g. , Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Ti）. They display similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns with slight negative Eu anomalies （δEu=0.64-0.82）, and high initial ^87 Sr/^86Sr ratios, which resemble those of high K/Ti and Iow-Ti potassic magmas formed in subduction-related settings. Consequently, we suggest that the parental magma was generated by partial melting of the phlogopite-amphibole-bearing garnet lherzolite within the lithospheric mantle that might have been metasomatized by a potassium-bearing fluid released from a sabdaction oceanic crust.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2022ZD0210100Beijing Nova Star Program,Grant/Award Number:2022002+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Beijing and Haidian Collaboration Foundation,Grant/Award Number:L232079National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82172608,82273343,81902975 and 82101356Capital Medical University Fund for Excellent Young Scholars,Grant/Award Number:KCB2304。
文摘Background:Medulloblastoma(MB)is one of the most common malignant brain tumors that mainly affect children.Various approaches have been used to model MB to facilitate investigating tumorigenesis.This study aims to compare the recapitulation of MB between subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft(sPDX),intracranial patient-derived xenograft(iPDX),and genetically engineered mouse models(GEMM)at the single-cell level.Methods:We obtained primary human sonic hedgehog(SHH)and group 3(G3)MB samples from six patients.For each patient specimen,we developed two sPDX and iPDX models,respectively.Three Patch+/-GEMM models were also included for sequencing.Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to compare gene expression profiles,cellular composition,and functional pathway enrichment.Bulk RNA-seq deconvolution was performed to compare cellular composition across models and human samples.Results:Our results showed that the sPDX tumor model demonstrated the highest correlation to the overall transcriptomic profiles of primary human tumors at the single-cell level within the SHH and G3 subgroups,followed by the GEMM model and iPDX.The GEMM tumor model was able to recapitulate all subpopulations of tumor microenvironment(TME)cells that can be clustered in human SHH tumors,including a higher proportion of tumor-associated astrocytes and immune cells,and an additional cluster of vascular endothelia when compared to human SHH tumors.Conclusions:This study was the first to compare experimental models for MB at the single-cell level,providing value insights into model selection for different research purposes.sPDX and iPDX are suitable for drug testing and personalized therapy screenings,whereas GEMM models are valuable for investigating the interaction between tumor and TME cells.
基金Funding support for this work were provided by the following programs:the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[Grant No.XDA20100104]the Basic Resources Investigation of Science and Technology[Grant No.2017FY100900]and the National Earth System Science Data Sharing Infrastructure,National Science&Technology Infrastructure of China[Grant No.2005DKA32300].
文摘In the past decades,global land cover datasets have been produced but also been criticized for their low accuracies,which have been affecting the applications of these datasets.Producing a new global dataset requires a tremendous amount of efforts;however,it is also possible to improve the accuracy of global land cover mapping by fusing the existing datasets.A decision-fuse method was developed based on fuzzy logic to quantify the consistencies and uncertainties of the existing datasets and then aggregated to provide the most certain estimation.The method was applied to produce a 1-km global land cover map(SYNLCover)by integrating five global land cover datasets and three global datasets of tree cover and croplands.Efforts were carried out to assess the quality:1)inter-comparison of the datasets revealed that the SYNLCover dataset had higher consistency than these input global land cover datasets,suggesting that the data fusion method reduced the disagreement among the input datasets;2)quality assessment using the human-interpreted reference dataset reported the highest accuracy in the fused SYNLCover dataset,which had an overall accuracy of 71.1%,in contrast to the overall accuracy between 48.6%and 68.9%for the other global land cover datasets.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFE0113800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22288101,21972136,21991090 and 21991091)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDB-SSW-JSC040)。
文摘Aluminosilicate small pore zeolites belonging to ABC-6 family play crucially important roles in the high methanol conversion with the high selectivity of light olefins,gas separation and storage,and selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x).In this work,we report a general method,called the epitaxial growth approach,for designing ABC-6 family small pore zeolites.It is mainly realized through the epitaxial growth on the nonporous SOD-type zeolite in the presence of inorganic cations(Na^(+)and K^(+))combined with a variety of organic structure directing agents(OSDAs).In this case,a series of ABC-6 family small pore zeolites such as ERI-,SWY-,LEV-,AFX-,and PTT-type zeolites have been successfully synthesized within a few hours.More importantly,the advanced focused ion beam(FIB)and the low-dose high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)imaging technique have been utilized for unraveling the zeolite heterojunction at the atomic level during the epitaxial growth process.It turns out(222)crystallographic planes of the SOD-type zeolite substrate provide unique pre-building units,which facilitate the growth of targeted ABC-6 family small pore zeolites along its c-axis.Moreover,the morphologies of ERI-type zeolite can also be tuned through the epitaxial growth approach,achieving a longer lifetime in the methanol conversion.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42122040,42076016)。
文摘Tropical cyclones constitute a major risk for coastal communities.To assess their damage potential,accurate predictions of their intensification are needed,which requires a detailed understanding of the evolution of turbulent heat flux(THF).By combining multiple buoy observations along the south north storm track,we investigated the THF anomalies associated with tropical storm Danas(2019)in the East China Sea(ECS)during its complete life cycle from the intensification stage to the mature stage and finally to its dissipation on land.The storm passage is characterized by strong winds of 10-20 m/s and a sea level pressure below 1000 hPa,resulting in a substantial enhancement of THF.Latent heat(LH)fluxes are most strongly affected by wind speed,with a gradually increasing contribution of humidity along the trajectory.The relative contributions of wind speed and temperature anomalies to sensible heat(SH)depend on the stability of the boundary layer.Under stable conditions,SH variations are driven by wind speed,while under near-neutral conditions,SH variations are driven by temperature.A comparison of the observed THF and associated variables with outputs from the ERA 5 and MERRA 2 reanalysis products reveals that the reanalysis products can reproduce the basic evolution and composition of the observed THF.However,under extreme weather conditions,temperature and humidity variations are poorly captured by ERA 5 and MERRA 2,leading to large LH and SH errors.The differences in the observed and reproduced LH and SH during the passage of Danas amount to 26.1 and 6.6 W/m^(2) for ERA 5,respectively,and to 39.4 and 12.5 W/m^(2) for MERRA 2,respectively.These results demonstrate the need to improve the representation of tropical cyclones in reanalysis products to better predict their intensification process and reduce their damage.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFC1803900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1932123,22073069,21773082,and 42107402)+1 种基金the National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars(No.11722548)the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.WIUCASOD2021014)。
文摘Fenton-like process based on metal oxide presents one of the most hoping strategies to generate reactive oxygen species to treat refractory pollutants.The introduction of oxygen vacancies(OVs)can enhance the catalytic performance of metal oxides in Fenton-like reaction.In this paper,a one-step all solid-state synthesis strategy is proposed to induce oxygen defects in V_(2)O_(5),which uses graphene to engineer the crystallization process of V-based crystals.Such approach employs graphene as a solid-catalyst to promote growth of V-based crystals owing to the ions-πinteractions between graphene and VCl_(3).The electrondonor OVs in V_(2)O_(5)@graphene can not only active H_(2)O_(2)for the·OH generation,but also accelerate the reduction of V^(5+)and V^(4+),thereby ensuring defective V_(2)O_(5)@graphene/H_(2)O_(2)system is 14.3,28.2,and 17.3times higher than that of graphene/H_(2)O_(2),pure V_(2)O_(5)/H_(2)O_(2)and graphene+V_(2)O_(5)/H_(2)O_(2)(mechanical mixed system),respectively.Our study provides a novel synthetic strategy to design and prepare OVs-riched transition metal catalysts for developing advanced oxidation technologies toward higher sustainability and practicality.
文摘We propose the design of an observation station to establish a reliable datum for displacement and deformation analysis at the first working-face subsidence observation station of Liuzhuang Mine. The design considers various geologic and mining con-ditions. Having analyzed the aims of the joint survey and the comprehensive survey, we propose design principles, and work modes, for adopting GPS technology as the position measuring technique to be used in these two stages. Baseline vectors and spatial ad-justments of the GPS network were calculated after study of data processing and quality estimation methods. A coordinate system transformation and error estimates of the transformed GPS network data are discussed. The error estimates in all stages show that the GPS control network of the observation station has sufficient accuracy and is highly efficient. The network thus provides a reli-able datum for analyzing the laws of surface displacement and deformation induced by mining.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB15010103)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFD0200604)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41771284)the Chinese Biodiversity Monitoring and Research Network(Sino BON).
文摘Denitrification is one of the major processes causing nitrogen loss from arable soils.This study aimed to investigate the responses of nir S-type denitrifier communities to different chronic fertilization regimes across the black soil region of Northeast China.Soil samples were collected from sites located in the north(NB),middle(MB),and south(SB)of the black soil region of Northeast China,each with four chronic fertilization regimes:no fertilizer(No F),chemical fertilizer(CF),manure(M),and chemical fertilizer plus manure(CFM).Methods of quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)and Illumina Mi Seq sequencing were applied to assess the abundance and composition of denitrifier communities by targeting the nir S gene.The results showed that the M and CFM regimes significantly increased the abundances of nir S-type denitrifiers compared with No F at the three locations.The majority of nir S sequences were grouped as unclassified denitrifiers,and the different fertilizers induced little variation in the relative abundance of known nir S-type denitrifier taxa.Over 90%of the sequences were shared among the four fertilization regimes at each location,but none of the abundant operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were shared among the three locations.Principal coordinate analysis(PCo A)revealed that the communities of nir S-type denitrifier were separated into three groups that corresponded with their locations.Although similar fertilization regimes did not induce consistent changes in the nir S-type denitrifier communities,soil p H and NO-3-N content simultaneously and significantly influenced the structure of nir S-type denitrifier communities at the three locations.Our results highlight that geographical separation rather than chronic fertilization was the dominant factor determining the nir S-type denitrifier community structures,and similar chronic fertilization regimes did not induce consistent shifts of nir S-type denitrifier communities in the black soils.
基金the financial support from the Joint Foundation of Ministry of Education for equipment pre-research(No.6141A020222XX)Post-doctoral Science Fund(No.2020M680405).
文摘With the continuous development of the electronics industry,the energy density of modern electronic devices increases constantly,thus releasing a lot of heat during operation.Modern electronic devices take higher and higher request to the thermal interface materials.Achieving high thermal conductivity needs to establish an interconnecting thermal conductivity network in the matrix.For this purpose,the suspension of Al203 and curdlan was first foamed to construct a bubble-templated continuous ceramic framework.Owing to the rapid gelation property of curdlan,we can easily remove moisture by hot air drying.Finally,the high thermally conductive composites are prepared by vacuum impregnation of silicone rubber.The result showed that composites prepared by our method have higher thermal conductivity than the samples obtained by traditional method.The thermal conductivity of the prepared composite material reached 1.253 W·m^(-1)·K·^-(1)when the alumina content was 69.6 wt%.This facile method is expected to be applied to the preparation of high-performance thermal interface materials.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB505300,2011CB505303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81603258, 81673599,81773882)+4 种基金Key Research Project in Basic Science of Jiangsu College and University (14KJA360001)Youth Talent Project Funded by Shaanxi Higher Education Association for Science and Technology (20180307)333 High Level Talents Training Project Funded by Jiangsu Province (BRA2016387)financially supported by a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)the Discipline Innovation Team Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine (2019-YL10)
文摘Although compatibility is highly advocated in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), inappropriate combination of some herbs may reduce the therapeutic action and even produce toxic effects. Kansui and licorice, one of TCM “Eighteen Incompatible Medicaments”, are the most representative cases of improper herbal combination, which may still be applied simultaneously under given conditions. However, the potential mechanism of their compatibility and incompatibility is unclear. In the present study, two different ratios of kansui and licorice, representing their compatibility and incompatibility respectively, were designed to elucidate their interaction by comparative plasma/tissue metabolomics and a heatmap with relative fold change. As a result, glycocholic acid, prostaglandin F2a, dihydroceramide and sphinganine were screened out as the principal alternative biomarkers of compatibility group;sphinganine, dihydroceramide, arachidonic acid, leukotriene B4, acetoacetic acid and linoleic acid were those of incompatibility group. Based on the values of biomarkers in each tissue, the liver was identified as the compatible target organ, while the heart, liver, and kidney were the incompatible target organs. Furthermore, important pathways for compatibility and incompatibility were also constructed. These results help us to better understand and utilize the two herbs, and the study was the first to reveal some innate characters of herbs related to TCM “Eighteen Incompatible Medicaments”.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0900805)the Start up Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing Univer-sity of Information Science and Technology。
文摘High salt and low temperature are the bottlenecks for the remove of oil contaminants by enriched crude-oil degrading microbiota in Liaohe Estuarine Wetland(LEW),China.To improve the performance of crude-oil removal,microbiota was further immobilized by two methods,i.e.,sodium alginate(SA),and polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate(PVA+SA).Results showed that the crude oil was effectively removed by the enrichment with an average degrading ratio of 19.42-31.45 mg(L d)^(−1).The optimal inoculum size for the n-alkanes removal was 10%and 99.89%.Some members of genera Acinetobacter,Actinophytocola,Aquabac-terium,Dysgonomonas,Frigidibacter,Sphingobium,Serpens,and Pseudomonas dominated in crude-oil degrading microflora.Though the removal efficiency was lower than free bacteria when the temperature was 15℃,SA and PVA+SA immobilization im-proved the resistance to salinity.The composite crude-oil degrading microbiota in this study demonstrated a perspective potential for crude oil removal from surface water under high salinity and low temperature conditions.
基金The Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)under contract No.GML2019ZD0104the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China under contract No.201804010264+3 种基金the Guangdong MEPP Fund under contract No.GDOE[2019]A41the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41706059the Fund of Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.ISEE2020YB05the State Key R&D Project under contract No.2016YFA0601104。
文摘Long-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanes in core sediments from the northern South China Sea(SCS)were measured to make a comparison during terrestrial vegetation reconstruction from~42 ka to~7 ka.The results showed that terrestrial vegetation record from long-chain n-alkanes matched well with previous studies in nearby cores,showing that more C_(4)plants developed during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM)and C_(3)plants dominated in the interglacial period.However,these scenarios were not revealed by terrestrial vegetation reconstruction using long-chain n-alkanols,which showed C_(3)plant expansion during the LGM.The discrepancy during the interglacial period could be attributed to the aerobic degradation of functionalized long-chain n-alkanols in the oxygen-rich bottom water,resulting in poor preservation of terrestrial vegetation signals.On the other hand,the different advantages of functionalized n-alkanols and non-functional n-alkanes to record local and distal vegetation signals,respectively,may offer a potential explanation for the contradiction during the LGM when the SCS was characterized by low-oxygen deep water.Nevertheless,large variations on n-alkyl lipid compositions in C_(3)/C_(4)plants could play a part in modulating sedimentary long-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanes toward different vegetation signals,thereby suggesting that caution must be taken in respect to the terrestrial vegetation reconstruction using long-chain n-alkanes and long-chain n-alkanols.
文摘Safflower （Carthamus tinctorius） has its own limited factors, especially insect pests. There are several injurious insect pests reported from various safflower growing areas in Iran, causing severe and economical losses on various parts of safflower plants. They are safflower Budfly and capsulfly （Acanthiophilus helianthi）, aphid （Uroleucon carthami）, green leafhopper （Empoasca decipiens）, ground bug （Oxycarneus pallens）, grampod borer and capsule borer or bordered straw （Heliothis （and or Heliocaverpa） peltigera）, red spider mite and two spotted spider mite （Tetranychus urtica）, beet armyworm （Spodoptera exigua）, scarab beetle （Tropinota （and or Epicometis） hirta）, Egyptian cotton leaf （Spodoptera littoralis）, cotton boll worm （Heliothi absouleta） and so on. The other reported safflower insect pests from other countries are wireworms （Limonius spp.）, lygus bugs （Lygus hesperus）, flower thrips （Eastern or Western） or onion thrips （Thrips tabaci）, and seed corn maggots （Delia platura）, sunflower moths （Helianthus annuus） and Caterpillar （Perigaea capensis） are the serious pests of this crop. The other reports showed that some stored-product insects are capable of establishing infestations in safflower seeds and seed meal under suitable conditions. Only Lasiaderma serricorne, Stegobium penliceum, and the four species of Trogodema were to be as the infectious pests. Safflower is also attractive to several beneficial insects, including lady beetles and lacewings that may provide insect control in surrounding fields.
