The deterioration of environmental conditions is the major contributory factor to poor health and quality of life that hinders sustainable development in any region.Coal mining is one of the major industries that cont...The deterioration of environmental conditions is the major contributory factor to poor health and quality of life that hinders sustainable development in any region.Coal mining is one of the major industries that contribute to the economy of a country but it also impacts the environment.The chemical parameters of the coal,overburden,soil and sediments along with the coal mine drainage(CMD)were investigated in order to understand the overall environmental impact from high sulphur coal mining at northeastern coalfield(India).It was found that the total sulphur content of the coal is noticeably high compared to the overburden(OB)and soil.The volatile matter of the coal is sufficiently high against the high ash content of the soil and overburden.The water samples have a High Electrical Conductivity(EC)and high Total Dissolve Solid(TDS).Lower values of pH,indicate the dissolution of minerals present in the coal as well as other minerals in the mine rejects/overburden.The chemical and nano-mineralogical composition of coal,soil and overburden samples was studied using a High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscopy(HR-TEM),Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS),Selected-Area Diffraction(SAED),Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM)/EDS,X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),Raman and Ion-Chromatographic analysis,and Mossbauer spectroscopy.From different geochemical analysis it has been found that the mine water sample from Ledo colliery has the lowest pH value of 3.30,Tirap colliery samples have the highest electrical conductivity value of5.40 ms cm^(-1)Both Ledo and Tirap coals have total sulphur contents within the range 3-3.50%.The coal mine water from Tirap colliery(TW-15 B)has high values of Mg^(2+)(450 ppm),and Br^-(227.17 ppm).XRD analysis revealed the presence of minerals including quartz and hematite in the coals.Mineral analysis of coal mine overburden(OB)indicates the presence both of pyrite and marcasite which was also confirmed in XRD and Mossbauer spectral analysis.The presented data of the minerals and ultra/nano-particles present shows their ability to control the mobility of hazardous elements,suggesting possible use in environmental management technology,including restoration of the delicate Indian coal mine areas.展开更多
Internet of Things(IoT)is a key technology trend that supports our digitalized society in applications such as smart countries and smart cities.In this study,we investigate the existing strategic themes,thematic evolu...Internet of Things(IoT)is a key technology trend that supports our digitalized society in applications such as smart countries and smart cities.In this study,we investigate the existing strategic themes,thematic evolution structure,key challenges,and potential research opportunities associated with the IoT.For this study,we conduct a Bibliometric Performance and Network Analysis(BPNA),supplemented by an exhaustive Systematic Literature Review(SLR).Specifically,in BPNA,the software SciMAT is used to analyze 14,385 documents and 30,381 keywords in the Web of Science(WoS)database,which was released between 2002 and 2019.The results reveal that 31 clusters are classified according to their importance and development,and the conceptual structures of key clusters are presented,along with their performance analysis and the relationship with other subthemes.The thematic evolution structure describes the important cluster(s)over time.For the SLR,23 documents are analyzed.The SLR reveals key challenges and limitations associated with the IoT.We expect the results will form the basis of future research and guide decision-making in the IoT and other supporting industries.展开更多
Floor systems with non-homogeneous slabs have more complex means of propagation than homogeneous systems, with more variables to be considered in predictions by theoretical models. For those slabs, it is necessary to ...Floor systems with non-homogeneous slabs have more complex means of propagation than homogeneous systems, with more variables to be considered in predictions by theoretical models. For those slabs, it is necessary to understand the differences of each material composing each subsystem, and the connection types between the elements of each one of this subsystem. Some floors integrating lightweight elements without structural purposes, are broadly used in several countries in precast slabs. The predictions based on computer modelling for building systems can be influenced by the input parameters related to connections between the elements of the floor system. In building structures, the analysis of radiation due to element vibrations may be represented by wave propagation relationships as a one-dimensional system, a two-dimensional system or a three-dimensional solid. In these floors, the modelling of the interaction between elements can be basically a face, a line or a point connection. In addition, the choice of the connection type can determine the vibration transmission amongst all the floor elements. This study focuses on the differences that can be obtained in the induced vibration response due to an impact source on non-homogeneous slabs. It also presents some examples of modelling options for several floor systems, considering input parameters for different connection types.展开更多
Big data is a concept that deals with large or complex data sets by using data analysis tools(e.g.,data mining,machine learning)to analyze information extracted from several sources systematically.Big data has attract...Big data is a concept that deals with large or complex data sets by using data analysis tools(e.g.,data mining,machine learning)to analyze information extracted from several sources systematically.Big data has attracted wide attention from academia,for example,in supporting patients and health professionals by improving the accuracy of decision-making,diagnosis and disease prediction.This research aimed to perform a Bibliometric Performance and Network Analysis(BPNA)supported by a Scoping Review(SR)to depict the strategic themes,thematic evolution structure,main challenges and opportunities related to the concept of big data applied in the healthcare sector.With this goal in mind,4857 documents from the Web of Science covering the period between 2009 to June 2020 were analyzed with the support of SciMAT software.The bibliometric performance showed the number of publications and citations over time,scientific productivity and the geographic distribution of publications and research fields.The strategic diagram yielded 20 clusters and their relative importance in terms of centrality and density.The thematic evolution structure presented the most important themes and how it changes over time.Lastly,we presented the main challenges and future opportunities of big data in healthcare.展开更多
Sulfur mass-independent fractionation(S-MIF)preserved in Archean sedimentary pyrite is interpreted to reflect atmospheric chemistry.Small ranges in Δ^(33)S that expanded into larger fractionations leading up to the G...Sulfur mass-independent fractionation(S-MIF)preserved in Archean sedimentary pyrite is interpreted to reflect atmospheric chemistry.Small ranges in Δ^(33)S that expanded into larger fractionations leading up to the Great Oxygenation Event(GOE;2.45–2.2 Ga)are disproportionately represented by sequences from the Kaapvaal and Pilbara Cratons.These patterns of S-MIF attenuation and enhancement may differ from the timing and magnitude of minor sulfur isotope fractionations reported from other cratons,thus obscuring local for global sulfur cycling dynamics.By expanding the Δ^(33)S record to include the relatively underrepresented São Francisco Craton in Brazil,we suggest that marine biogeochemistry affected S-MIF preservation prior to the GOE.In an early Neoarchean sequence(2763–2730 Ma)from the Rio das Velhas Greenstone Belt,we propose that low δ^(13)Corg(<-30‰)and dampened Δ^(33)S(-0.4‰to-0.7‰)in banded iron formation reflect the marine diagenetic process of anaerobic methane oxidation.The overlying black shale(TOC up to 7.8%)with higher δ^(13)Corg(-33.4‰to-19.2‰)and expanded Δ^(33)S(2.3‰±0.8‰),recorded oxidative sulfur cycling that resulted in enhance preservation of S-MIF input from atmospheric sources of elemental sulfur.The sequence culminates in a metasandstone,where concomitant changes to more uniform δCorg(-30‰to--25‰),potentially associated with the RuBisCO I enzyme,and near-zero Δ^(33)S(-0.04‰to 0.38‰)is mainly interpreted as evidence for local oxygen production.When placed in the context of other sequences worldwide,the Rio das Velhas helps differentiate the influences of global atmospheric chemistry and local marine diagenesis in Archean biogeochemical processes.Our data suggest that prokaryotic sulfur,iron,and methane cycles might have an underestimated role in pre-GOE sulfur minor isotope records.展开更多
Attaining reliable and timely agricultural estimates is very important everywhere, and in Brazil, due to its characteristics, this is especially true. In this study, estimations of crop production were made based on t...Attaining reliable and timely agricultural estimates is very important everywhere, and in Brazil, due to its characteristics, this is especially true. In this study, estimations of crop production were made based on the temporal profiles of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images. The objective was to evaluate the coupled model (CM) performance of crop area and crop yield estimates based solely on MODIS/EVI as input data in Rio Grande do Sul State, which is characterized by high variability in seasonal soybean yields, due to different crop development conditions. The resulting production estimates from CM were compared to official agricultural statistics of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the National Company of Food Supply (CONAB) at different levels from 2000/2001 to 2010/2011 crop years. Results obtained with CM indicate that its application is able to generate timely production estimates for soybean both at municipality and local levels. Validation estimates with CM at State level obtained R2 = 0.95. Combining all cropping years at municipality level, estimates were highly correlated to official statistics from IBGE, with R2 = 0.91 and RMSD = 10,840 tons. Spatially interpolated comparisons of yield maps obtained from the CM estimates and IBGE data also showed visual similarity in their spatial distribution. Local level comparisons were performed and presented R2 = 0.95. Implications of this work point out that time-series analysis of production estimates are able to provide anticipated spatial information prior to the soybean harvest.展开更多
Today, we observe that more and more, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been used to identify and track objects in enterprises and institutions. In addition, we also perceive the growing adoption of...Today, we observe that more and more, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been used to identify and track objects in enterprises and institutions. In addition, we also perceive the growing adoption of cloud computing, either public or private, to process and store data from the objects. In this context, the literature does not present an initiative that looks into the network on enterprise-cloud interactions, so neglecting network performance and congestion information when transmitting data to the cloud. Thus, we are presenting a model named ACMA—Automatic Control and Management of Assets. ACMA employs context awareness to control and monitor corporate assets in companies with multiple units. ACMA provides a centralized point of access in the cloud in which interested actors can get online data about each corporate asset. In particular, our scientific contribution consists in considering network congestion to control dynamically the data updating interval from sensors to the cloud. The idea is to search for reliability and integrity of operations, without losing or corrupting data when updating the information to cloud. Thus, this article describes the ACMA model, its architecture, algorithms and features. In addition, we describe the evaluation methodology and the results obtained through experiments and simulations based on the developed prototype.展开更多
The caterpillar Spodopterafrugiperda is an important pest of several crops, due to the damage it causes and the difficulty of its control. The method of controlling these pests is through chemical insecticides, which ...The caterpillar Spodopterafrugiperda is an important pest of several crops, due to the damage it causes and the difficulty of its control. The method of controlling these pests is through chemical insecticides, which cause adverse effects to the biotic and abiotic environment. The selection of new insecticides that meet the requirements of efficacy, safety, selectivity and those are economically viable, is highlighting the study of mechanisms of plant defense. The present study aimed to verify the insecticide effect of 27 plants in three different types of plants extracts： aqueous, decoction and polypeptide on S. frugiperda. Three plants were chosen for performing sublethal effects bioassays： two plants with the highest corrected mortality （E. pulcherrima and R. simsii） and the other plant （Maytenus ilicifolia （espinheira santa）） with corrected mortality similar to control. In preliminaries bioassays, 25 plants showed corrected mortality less than 50%, according to Abbott＇s formula. R. simsii （azalea） and E. pulcherrima （billed parrot） showed 51% and 68% of corrected mortality, respectively. Only R. simsii aqueous and the three extracts of E. pulcherrima differ significantly from control （P 〈 0.05）. The aqueous extracts and decoction of R. simsii and polypeptide extract of E. pulcherrima reduced the larval period of S. frugiperda, different from control （P 〈 0.05）. The polypeptide extract of R. simsii reduced the pupal period of the target insect. The extracts obtained by decoction, aqueous and polypeptide of E. pulcherrima extracts and decoction of polypeptides and R. simsii affected the fertility and fecundity of S. frugiperda. For the other parameters, there is no significant difference when compared with the control. The results of this study suggest that the extracts obtained by decoction, aqueous and polypeptide of E. pulcherrima and R. simsii can be used to control S. frugiperda. However, the successful search, product starting from extracts of plants depends on the availability of plant and the entire assembly around the detection of bioactive products, in addition to the active ingredients of the chemical synthesis and elucidation of the target site insecticide molecule.展开更多
This study consists in the investigation of the application of ornamental rock tailings applied in remineralization in the Brazilian soil through the rocking technique.Due to the Brazilian dependence on the importatio...This study consists in the investigation of the application of ornamental rock tailings applied in remineralization in the Brazilian soil through the rocking technique.Due to the Brazilian dependence on the importation of agricultural inputs,the use of the method aims beyond improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil,supplying the demand for such data,and in return to give an adequate end to pollutant tailings.The tailings have chemical characteristics that are of great importance for soil composition.The methodology employed was divided into three stages,the first one was the physicochemical characterization of the rock dust,followed by the characterization of the soil experimented and the cultivation of the plant species Phaseolus Vulgari.The results obtained so far showed favorable results since the characteristics obtained through the physicochemical analyses were compatible with those suitable for the soil,after the application of the powder,which had its high pH and which proved that the tailings corrected the soil acidity of the sample in question,placing it at an ideal level for the cultivation of new species.展开更多
This paper describes a design of an educational platform for a mobile learning architecture, which is a state of the an topic in distance education. The product will allow users to interact in an efficient, flexible, ...This paper describes a design of an educational platform for a mobile learning architecture, which is a state of the an topic in distance education. The product will allow users to interact in an efficient, flexible, and transparent fashion with a web-based education environment, in this case Module Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment （Moodle）, using Android mobile devices. In order to provide a strong and lasting architecture, the Service Oriented Architecture （SOA） methodology is used given that it allows easy software re-utilization as well as integration of heterogeneous services. The architecture is based on web services implemented with Representational State Transfer （REST）, as it has been demonstrated to be lighter and less consuming than other protocols, for devices with limited resources such as mobile devices. Web services provide the communication means between the server side and the client side of the architecture, whereas agents are used to deliver the services itself. The authors propose the development of an environment that facilitates the integration of various educational resources to support m-learning. An important aspect of the proposal is the offering of a tool to provide customized alerts for students and teachers, enabling them to remain updated about activities taking place in the courses.展开更多
This study is based on strategies for reading and representing the environment,associated with the theory of social logic of space(space syntax).The general objective of this study is to understand and compare the use...This study is based on strategies for reading and representing the environment,associated with the theory of social logic of space(space syntax).The general objective of this study is to understand and compare the use of space syntax in relation to connectivity,integration and choice of axial routes of the urban parks of Porto Alegre,in the state of Rio Grande do Sul,south of Brazil.The method applied was the capture of georeferenced images for data analysis by using the Theory of Space Syntax(TSE).Thus,three variables were considered for interpretation:choice,connectivity and integration,and they were correlated to statistical data on urban morphology.The results demonstrated the possibility of obtaining significant improvements in the studied urban parks due to the need to create guidelines related to connection and integration that directly impact users'choice strategies when they move around the city.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from motor vehicles have been increasing in large urban centers,thus contributing to air pollution.The general objective of this study is to analyze simulations of CO2 emissions among stud...Carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from motor vehicles have been increasing in large urban centers,thus contributing to air pollution.The general objective of this study is to analyze simulations of CO2 emissions among students who use public transport in the city of Passo Fundo,in the state of Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.Methodologically,this study was developed in three stages:(1)verification of the time used by higher education students at Faculdade Meridional(IMED)in relation to urban mobility;(2)understanding of the transport mode used by these students,taking into account the one which appears with the highest incidence;(3)simulating CO2 emissions from the modes of transport used by students after the application of the Environmental Impact Simulator(EIS)used by the National Public Transport Association(ANTP,in Portuguese)for the modeling of transport indexes aimed at analyzing CO2 emissions.When considering the total of 3,079 students who assigned to a sample of 66 questionnaires,a reduction of CO2 emissions of 4,527.04 kg during a year in relation to the use of public transport was found.展开更多
Urbanization in Brazil is increasing,mainly in medium-sized cities.This expansion causes varying degrees of environmental impact.The general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the resultant impacts that urbani...Urbanization in Brazil is increasing,mainly in medium-sized cities.This expansion causes varying degrees of environmental impact.The general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the resultant impacts that urbanization has had on soil morphology in and around developing areas of the Brazilian city of Passo Fundo/RS.Implementation of the methodology laid out in the Leopold Matrix allowed the location of data for the analysis of the characteristics present in the use of the soil of the study area.Results showed high levels of vegetative loss around the City of Passo Fundo,due to a high degree of urban expansion driven by real estate speculation.The research suggests monitoring the degree of pollution of water resources in addition to regional air quality due to the marked intensity of vehicular flow.展开更多
Periods in the soybean summer cycle that are sensitive to the occurrence of high temperatures were studied. An analysis was performed on the variability of soybean yields associated with crop canopy temperatures durin...Periods in the soybean summer cycle that are sensitive to the occurrence of high temperatures were studied. An analysis was performed on the variability of soybean yields associated with crop canopy temperatures during key development periods. A land surface temperature (LST) data series from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) on the Aqua satellite was processed between 2003 and 2012 that covered the entire state of Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil. Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data from MODIS on the Terra satellite were used to monitor the LST during different phenological stages. Spatially interpolated maps of soybean yield distributions were generated using data obtained from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) at state and municipality levels. The results indicate that canopy-LST occurrence in mid-February, during the grain filling, is most correlated to yield reduction (R2 = 0.82 and RMSD = 14.4%). At the state level, the average yield is 2003 kg·ha-1 with a standard deviation of 308 kg·ha-1. The overall average of the canopy-LST is 305.0 K (31.8°C) with a standard deviation of 1.9 K. The slope of the downward linear relationship between canopy-LST and yield was -28.7%. These results indicate that monitoring heat wave events can provide important information for characterising agriculture vulnerability.展开更多
Electrical energy consumption is growing and is necessary to improve the technologies related to energy production. We have carried out a pilot study about environmental impacts during the manufacturing process of PV ...Electrical energy consumption is growing and is necessary to improve the technologies related to energy production. We have carried out a pilot study about environmental impacts during the manufacturing process of PV （photovoltaic） modules and compared between the energy requirement for the production of PV cells and modules and generation throughout the life time of the finished good that is PV module. It was taken into account the generation of environmental aspects and impacts in the manufacture of monocrystalline silicon PV modules （consisting of three components： silicon cell, fiat tempered glass and aluminum frame）, and an analysis of a grid-connected PV system using an energetic alternative in residences was considered. Results show that, this kind of renewable energy is really clean and can be considered as a way to change the energy technology.展开更多
The non-marine strata of the Ypresian Naredi Formation have been deposited and intermittently pedogenized after the culmination of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum(EECO).This continental interval comprises intercalat...The non-marine strata of the Ypresian Naredi Formation have been deposited and intermittently pedogenized after the culmination of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum(EECO).This continental interval comprises intercalation of laterite and palaeosol horizons developed by cyclic episodes of erosion,subaerial exposure,and deposition.The palaeopedological analyses investigate the morphological and micromorphological features evidencing repeated subaerial exposure and consequently moderate to well-developed palaeosol horizons.The topmost laterite bed records an intensely bioturbated ichnofabric(consisting of the root traces and the composite ichnotaxa of lungfish aestivation burrows,Macanopsis(possible arachnid burrows),and Skolithos.The pedogenized shale horizons contain the paucispecific Camborygma-root trace ichnofabric with highly localized patchy preservation of Camborygma symplokonomos,Camborygma eumekenomos,and rhizoturbation.The ichnospecies variation of Camborygma along with the ichnofabric analyses led to the demarcation of stratigraphic horizons and evaluation of the palaeowater-table fluctuations vis-a-vis the low-order allocyclicity,the ethology of producers,and the depositional setting.The paucispecific suite of trace fossils refers to the Camborygma Ichnofacies,where the substrate is intermittently pedogenized and lateritized with upward increasing thickness of beds and intensity of pedogenesis,lateritization,ichnodiversity,and ichnoabundance.Hence,as an expression of high-frequency(interpreted as 5th-order)stratigraphic fluctuations within an early Falling Stage Systems Tract(FSST),a hot palaeoclimate with seasonality varying between humid inundated to dry desiccated conditions is interpreted with the palaeowater table being the base-level control.It culminates with the driest condition at the top with the thickest laterite development associated with the RAeMaS ichnofabric.With the onset of early transgression as documented in the overlying marine deposits of the Bartonian Harudi Formation,the top of the studied interval marks an induced subaerial unconformity.展开更多
Aims Despite the growing interest in the topic of functional ecology,there are still forest regions that have not been examined,as most work has been done in the tropics.unresolved issues include the strength of a gro...Aims Despite the growing interest in the topic of functional ecology,there are still forest regions that have not been examined,as most work has been done in the tropics.unresolved issues include the strength of a growth-mortality trade-off in trees(originally identified for seedlings)and the nature of the association between plant traits and vital rates,if any.our objectives were to examine whether(i)ecological strategies in south american mixed forests are organ-ized along the fast competitor×slow stress-tolerator and height gradients as the main strategy axes depicted in the overall trait and vital rate correlation structure,and(ii)a tentative path model we proposed can explain the patterns of covariation among traits and vital rates.Methods We studied a different habitat(subtropical mixed conifer-hardwood forests)and region(brazilian atlantic Forest)from the majority of related studies in forests,carried out in the Neotropical region.Data on total height,stem slenderness,crown depth,wood density,specific leaf area,leaf and seed length,seed dispersal mode,annual mortality,diameter relative growth rate and relative growth rate under favorable conditions were measured in southern brazil for 66 tree species.Data were subjected to principal components analysis and path analysis.restricted data on saplings and treelets were analyzed through correlation.Important Findingsstudied traits were reduced to four principal components.Principal components analysis produced axes that fit the resource acquisition versus resource-conservation and the height-mortality trade-offs,although the former was split into two distinct axes.seed size and seed dispersal mode appeared independently of these axes.a path model showed that leaf length and specific leaf area caused direct changes in trunk slenderness and,indirectly through growth,affected mortality.Expected trade-offs between growth and survivorship and between wood density and stem slenderness trade-offs were not found.this may result from the lack of extreme pioneers and over-representation of slow-growing hardwood species found in atlantic subtropical forests of south america.this suggests that the fastest growing species in the region do not grow so fast as to compromise wood density and survivorship,but grow fast enough to benefit from increased size.relationships between traits and vital rates seem to be mediated by the assembly process of regional floras,and the relative importance of traits like SLA and wood density may vary between floristic regions.展开更多
基金The financial assistance from CSIR,New Delhi(MLP6000-WP-Ⅲ)
文摘The deterioration of environmental conditions is the major contributory factor to poor health and quality of life that hinders sustainable development in any region.Coal mining is one of the major industries that contribute to the economy of a country but it also impacts the environment.The chemical parameters of the coal,overburden,soil and sediments along with the coal mine drainage(CMD)were investigated in order to understand the overall environmental impact from high sulphur coal mining at northeastern coalfield(India).It was found that the total sulphur content of the coal is noticeably high compared to the overburden(OB)and soil.The volatile matter of the coal is sufficiently high against the high ash content of the soil and overburden.The water samples have a High Electrical Conductivity(EC)and high Total Dissolve Solid(TDS).Lower values of pH,indicate the dissolution of minerals present in the coal as well as other minerals in the mine rejects/overburden.The chemical and nano-mineralogical composition of coal,soil and overburden samples was studied using a High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscopy(HR-TEM),Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS),Selected-Area Diffraction(SAED),Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM)/EDS,X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),Raman and Ion-Chromatographic analysis,and Mossbauer spectroscopy.From different geochemical analysis it has been found that the mine water sample from Ledo colliery has the lowest pH value of 3.30,Tirap colliery samples have the highest electrical conductivity value of5.40 ms cm^(-1)Both Ledo and Tirap coals have total sulphur contents within the range 3-3.50%.The coal mine water from Tirap colliery(TW-15 B)has high values of Mg^(2+)(450 ppm),and Br^-(227.17 ppm).XRD analysis revealed the presence of minerals including quartz and hematite in the coals.Mineral analysis of coal mine overburden(OB)indicates the presence both of pyrite and marcasite which was also confirmed in XRD and Mossbauer spectral analysis.The presented data of the minerals and ultra/nano-particles present shows their ability to control the mobility of hazardous elements,suggesting possible use in environmental management technology,including restoration of the delicate Indian coal mine areas.
基金financed in part by the Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001 and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under grants PID2019-105381 GA-100(iScience)。
文摘Internet of Things(IoT)is a key technology trend that supports our digitalized society in applications such as smart countries and smart cities.In this study,we investigate the existing strategic themes,thematic evolution structure,key challenges,and potential research opportunities associated with the IoT.For this study,we conduct a Bibliometric Performance and Network Analysis(BPNA),supplemented by an exhaustive Systematic Literature Review(SLR).Specifically,in BPNA,the software SciMAT is used to analyze 14,385 documents and 30,381 keywords in the Web of Science(WoS)database,which was released between 2002 and 2019.The results reveal that 31 clusters are classified according to their importance and development,and the conceptual structures of key clusters are presented,along with their performance analysis and the relationship with other subthemes.The thematic evolution structure describes the important cluster(s)over time.For the SLR,23 documents are analyzed.The SLR reveals key challenges and limitations associated with the IoT.We expect the results will form the basis of future research and guide decision-making in the IoT and other supporting industries.
文摘Floor systems with non-homogeneous slabs have more complex means of propagation than homogeneous systems, with more variables to be considered in predictions by theoretical models. For those slabs, it is necessary to understand the differences of each material composing each subsystem, and the connection types between the elements of each one of this subsystem. Some floors integrating lightweight elements without structural purposes, are broadly used in several countries in precast slabs. The predictions based on computer modelling for building systems can be influenced by the input parameters related to connections between the elements of the floor system. In building structures, the analysis of radiation due to element vibrations may be represented by wave propagation relationships as a one-dimensional system, a two-dimensional system or a three-dimensional solid. In these floors, the modelling of the interaction between elements can be basically a face, a line or a point connection. In addition, the choice of the connection type can determine the vibration transmission amongst all the floor elements. This study focuses on the differences that can be obtained in the induced vibration response due to an impact source on non-homogeneous slabs. It also presents some examples of modelling options for several floor systems, considering input parameters for different connection types.
基金financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under grants PID2019-105381 GA-100(iScience).
文摘Big data is a concept that deals with large or complex data sets by using data analysis tools(e.g.,data mining,machine learning)to analyze information extracted from several sources systematically.Big data has attracted wide attention from academia,for example,in supporting patients and health professionals by improving the accuracy of decision-making,diagnosis and disease prediction.This research aimed to perform a Bibliometric Performance and Network Analysis(BPNA)supported by a Scoping Review(SR)to depict the strategic themes,thematic evolution structure,main challenges and opportunities related to the concept of big data applied in the healthcare sector.With this goal in mind,4857 documents from the Web of Science covering the period between 2009 to June 2020 were analyzed with the support of SciMAT software.The bibliometric performance showed the number of publications and citations over time,scientific productivity and the geographic distribution of publications and research fields.The strategic diagram yielded 20 clusters and their relative importance in terms of centrality and density.The thematic evolution structure presented the most important themes and how it changes over time.Lastly,we presented the main challenges and future opportunities of big data in healthcare.
基金São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP grants2016/02933-2 to ABS,12/15824-6 to EPO and 2015/16235-2 to PP)the Agouron Institute(to WPG)for financial support。
文摘Sulfur mass-independent fractionation(S-MIF)preserved in Archean sedimentary pyrite is interpreted to reflect atmospheric chemistry.Small ranges in Δ^(33)S that expanded into larger fractionations leading up to the Great Oxygenation Event(GOE;2.45–2.2 Ga)are disproportionately represented by sequences from the Kaapvaal and Pilbara Cratons.These patterns of S-MIF attenuation and enhancement may differ from the timing and magnitude of minor sulfur isotope fractionations reported from other cratons,thus obscuring local for global sulfur cycling dynamics.By expanding the Δ^(33)S record to include the relatively underrepresented São Francisco Craton in Brazil,we suggest that marine biogeochemistry affected S-MIF preservation prior to the GOE.In an early Neoarchean sequence(2763–2730 Ma)from the Rio das Velhas Greenstone Belt,we propose that low δ^(13)Corg(<-30‰)and dampened Δ^(33)S(-0.4‰to-0.7‰)in banded iron formation reflect the marine diagenetic process of anaerobic methane oxidation.The overlying black shale(TOC up to 7.8%)with higher δ^(13)Corg(-33.4‰to-19.2‰)and expanded Δ^(33)S(2.3‰±0.8‰),recorded oxidative sulfur cycling that resulted in enhance preservation of S-MIF input from atmospheric sources of elemental sulfur.The sequence culminates in a metasandstone,where concomitant changes to more uniform δCorg(-30‰to--25‰),potentially associated with the RuBisCO I enzyme,and near-zero Δ^(33)S(-0.04‰to 0.38‰)is mainly interpreted as evidence for local oxygen production.When placed in the context of other sequences worldwide,the Rio das Velhas helps differentiate the influences of global atmospheric chemistry and local marine diagenesis in Archean biogeochemical processes.Our data suggest that prokaryotic sulfur,iron,and methane cycles might have an underestimated role in pre-GOE sulfur minor isotope records.
文摘Attaining reliable and timely agricultural estimates is very important everywhere, and in Brazil, due to its characteristics, this is especially true. In this study, estimations of crop production were made based on the temporal profiles of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images. The objective was to evaluate the coupled model (CM) performance of crop area and crop yield estimates based solely on MODIS/EVI as input data in Rio Grande do Sul State, which is characterized by high variability in seasonal soybean yields, due to different crop development conditions. The resulting production estimates from CM were compared to official agricultural statistics of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the National Company of Food Supply (CONAB) at different levels from 2000/2001 to 2010/2011 crop years. Results obtained with CM indicate that its application is able to generate timely production estimates for soybean both at municipality and local levels. Validation estimates with CM at State level obtained R2 = 0.95. Combining all cropping years at municipality level, estimates were highly correlated to official statistics from IBGE, with R2 = 0.91 and RMSD = 10,840 tons. Spatially interpolated comparisons of yield maps obtained from the CM estimates and IBGE data also showed visual similarity in their spatial distribution. Local level comparisons were performed and presented R2 = 0.95. Implications of this work point out that time-series analysis of production estimates are able to provide anticipated spatial information prior to the soybean harvest.
文摘Today, we observe that more and more, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been used to identify and track objects in enterprises and institutions. In addition, we also perceive the growing adoption of cloud computing, either public or private, to process and store data from the objects. In this context, the literature does not present an initiative that looks into the network on enterprise-cloud interactions, so neglecting network performance and congestion information when transmitting data to the cloud. Thus, we are presenting a model named ACMA—Automatic Control and Management of Assets. ACMA employs context awareness to control and monitor corporate assets in companies with multiple units. ACMA provides a centralized point of access in the cloud in which interested actors can get online data about each corporate asset. In particular, our scientific contribution consists in considering network congestion to control dynamically the data updating interval from sensors to the cloud. The idea is to search for reliability and integrity of operations, without losing or corrupting data when updating the information to cloud. Thus, this article describes the ACMA model, its architecture, algorithms and features. In addition, we describe the evaluation methodology and the results obtained through experiments and simulations based on the developed prototype.
文摘The caterpillar Spodopterafrugiperda is an important pest of several crops, due to the damage it causes and the difficulty of its control. The method of controlling these pests is through chemical insecticides, which cause adverse effects to the biotic and abiotic environment. The selection of new insecticides that meet the requirements of efficacy, safety, selectivity and those are economically viable, is highlighting the study of mechanisms of plant defense. The present study aimed to verify the insecticide effect of 27 plants in three different types of plants extracts： aqueous, decoction and polypeptide on S. frugiperda. Three plants were chosen for performing sublethal effects bioassays： two plants with the highest corrected mortality （E. pulcherrima and R. simsii） and the other plant （Maytenus ilicifolia （espinheira santa）） with corrected mortality similar to control. In preliminaries bioassays, 25 plants showed corrected mortality less than 50%, according to Abbott＇s formula. R. simsii （azalea） and E. pulcherrima （billed parrot） showed 51% and 68% of corrected mortality, respectively. Only R. simsii aqueous and the three extracts of E. pulcherrima differ significantly from control （P 〈 0.05）. The aqueous extracts and decoction of R. simsii and polypeptide extract of E. pulcherrima reduced the larval period of S. frugiperda, different from control （P 〈 0.05）. The polypeptide extract of R. simsii reduced the pupal period of the target insect. The extracts obtained by decoction, aqueous and polypeptide of E. pulcherrima extracts and decoction of polypeptides and R. simsii affected the fertility and fecundity of S. frugiperda. For the other parameters, there is no significant difference when compared with the control. The results of this study suggest that the extracts obtained by decoction, aqueous and polypeptide of E. pulcherrima and R. simsii can be used to control S. frugiperda. However, the successful search, product starting from extracts of plants depends on the availability of plant and the entire assembly around the detection of bioactive products, in addition to the active ingredients of the chemical synthesis and elucidation of the target site insecticide molecule.
文摘This study consists in the investigation of the application of ornamental rock tailings applied in remineralization in the Brazilian soil through the rocking technique.Due to the Brazilian dependence on the importation of agricultural inputs,the use of the method aims beyond improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil,supplying the demand for such data,and in return to give an adequate end to pollutant tailings.The tailings have chemical characteristics that are of great importance for soil composition.The methodology employed was divided into three stages,the first one was the physicochemical characterization of the rock dust,followed by the characterization of the soil experimented and the cultivation of the plant species Phaseolus Vulgari.The results obtained so far showed favorable results since the characteristics obtained through the physicochemical analyses were compatible with those suitable for the soil,after the application of the powder,which had its high pH and which proved that the tailings corrected the soil acidity of the sample in question,placing it at an ideal level for the cultivation of new species.
文摘This paper describes a design of an educational platform for a mobile learning architecture, which is a state of the an topic in distance education. The product will allow users to interact in an efficient, flexible, and transparent fashion with a web-based education environment, in this case Module Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment （Moodle）, using Android mobile devices. In order to provide a strong and lasting architecture, the Service Oriented Architecture （SOA） methodology is used given that it allows easy software re-utilization as well as integration of heterogeneous services. The architecture is based on web services implemented with Representational State Transfer （REST）, as it has been demonstrated to be lighter and less consuming than other protocols, for devices with limited resources such as mobile devices. Web services provide the communication means between the server side and the client side of the architecture, whereas agents are used to deliver the services itself. The authors propose the development of an environment that facilitates the integration of various educational resources to support m-learning. An important aspect of the proposal is the offering of a tool to provide customized alerts for students and teachers, enabling them to remain updated about activities taking place in the courses.
文摘This study is based on strategies for reading and representing the environment,associated with the theory of social logic of space(space syntax).The general objective of this study is to understand and compare the use of space syntax in relation to connectivity,integration and choice of axial routes of the urban parks of Porto Alegre,in the state of Rio Grande do Sul,south of Brazil.The method applied was the capture of georeferenced images for data analysis by using the Theory of Space Syntax(TSE).Thus,three variables were considered for interpretation:choice,connectivity and integration,and they were correlated to statistical data on urban morphology.The results demonstrated the possibility of obtaining significant improvements in the studied urban parks due to the need to create guidelines related to connection and integration that directly impact users'choice strategies when they move around the city.
基金We thank the Center for Studies and Research on Urban Mobility—NEPMOUR,IMED and PPGArq/IMED for supporting research.We also thank the Meridional Foundation for the institutional productivity grant.
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from motor vehicles have been increasing in large urban centers,thus contributing to air pollution.The general objective of this study is to analyze simulations of CO2 emissions among students who use public transport in the city of Passo Fundo,in the state of Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.Methodologically,this study was developed in three stages:(1)verification of the time used by higher education students at Faculdade Meridional(IMED)in relation to urban mobility;(2)understanding of the transport mode used by these students,taking into account the one which appears with the highest incidence;(3)simulating CO2 emissions from the modes of transport used by students after the application of the Environmental Impact Simulator(EIS)used by the National Public Transport Association(ANTP,in Portuguese)for the modeling of transport indexes aimed at analyzing CO2 emissions.When considering the total of 3,079 students who assigned to a sample of 66 questionnaires,a reduction of CO2 emissions of 4,527.04 kg during a year in relation to the use of public transport was found.
文摘Urbanization in Brazil is increasing,mainly in medium-sized cities.This expansion causes varying degrees of environmental impact.The general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the resultant impacts that urbanization has had on soil morphology in and around developing areas of the Brazilian city of Passo Fundo/RS.Implementation of the methodology laid out in the Leopold Matrix allowed the location of data for the analysis of the characteristics present in the use of the soil of the study area.Results showed high levels of vegetative loss around the City of Passo Fundo,due to a high degree of urban expansion driven by real estate speculation.The research suggests monitoring the degree of pollution of water resources in addition to regional air quality due to the marked intensity of vehicular flow.
文摘Periods in the soybean summer cycle that are sensitive to the occurrence of high temperatures were studied. An analysis was performed on the variability of soybean yields associated with crop canopy temperatures during key development periods. A land surface temperature (LST) data series from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) on the Aqua satellite was processed between 2003 and 2012 that covered the entire state of Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil. Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data from MODIS on the Terra satellite were used to monitor the LST during different phenological stages. Spatially interpolated maps of soybean yield distributions were generated using data obtained from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) at state and municipality levels. The results indicate that canopy-LST occurrence in mid-February, during the grain filling, is most correlated to yield reduction (R2 = 0.82 and RMSD = 14.4%). At the state level, the average yield is 2003 kg·ha-1 with a standard deviation of 308 kg·ha-1. The overall average of the canopy-LST is 305.0 K (31.8°C) with a standard deviation of 1.9 K. The slope of the downward linear relationship between canopy-LST and yield was -28.7%. These results indicate that monitoring heat wave events can provide important information for characterising agriculture vulnerability.
文摘Electrical energy consumption is growing and is necessary to improve the technologies related to energy production. We have carried out a pilot study about environmental impacts during the manufacturing process of PV （photovoltaic） modules and compared between the energy requirement for the production of PV cells and modules and generation throughout the life time of the finished good that is PV module. It was taken into account the generation of environmental aspects and impacts in the manufacture of monocrystalline silicon PV modules （consisting of three components： silicon cell, fiat tempered glass and aluminum frame）, and an analysis of a grid-connected PV system using an energetic alternative in residences was considered. Results show that, this kind of renewable energy is really clean and can be considered as a way to change the energy technology.
基金Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),Government of India(grant#CRG/2018/000259 to SDG)Industrial Research and Consultancy Centre(IRCC),IIT Bombay(seed grant#RD/0517-IRCCSH0-035 to SDG and final-year scholarship to MD)+1 种基金IITB and Ministry of Education,Government of India(doctoral scholarship for MD)Council of Scientific&Industrial Research(CSIR)(doctoral scholarship for RD.
文摘The non-marine strata of the Ypresian Naredi Formation have been deposited and intermittently pedogenized after the culmination of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum(EECO).This continental interval comprises intercalation of laterite and palaeosol horizons developed by cyclic episodes of erosion,subaerial exposure,and deposition.The palaeopedological analyses investigate the morphological and micromorphological features evidencing repeated subaerial exposure and consequently moderate to well-developed palaeosol horizons.The topmost laterite bed records an intensely bioturbated ichnofabric(consisting of the root traces and the composite ichnotaxa of lungfish aestivation burrows,Macanopsis(possible arachnid burrows),and Skolithos.The pedogenized shale horizons contain the paucispecific Camborygma-root trace ichnofabric with highly localized patchy preservation of Camborygma symplokonomos,Camborygma eumekenomos,and rhizoturbation.The ichnospecies variation of Camborygma along with the ichnofabric analyses led to the demarcation of stratigraphic horizons and evaluation of the palaeowater-table fluctuations vis-a-vis the low-order allocyclicity,the ethology of producers,and the depositional setting.The paucispecific suite of trace fossils refers to the Camborygma Ichnofacies,where the substrate is intermittently pedogenized and lateritized with upward increasing thickness of beds and intensity of pedogenesis,lateritization,ichnodiversity,and ichnoabundance.Hence,as an expression of high-frequency(interpreted as 5th-order)stratigraphic fluctuations within an early Falling Stage Systems Tract(FSST),a hot palaeoclimate with seasonality varying between humid inundated to dry desiccated conditions is interpreted with the palaeowater table being the base-level control.It culminates with the driest condition at the top with the thickest laterite development associated with the RAeMaS ichnofabric.With the onset of early transgression as documented in the overlying marine deposits of the Bartonian Harudi Formation,the top of the studied interval marks an induced subaerial unconformity.
基金Funding was provided by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)through the grant‘PELD-Bioma Araucária e suas Transições’and by Energética Barra Grande(BAESA).
文摘Aims Despite the growing interest in the topic of functional ecology,there are still forest regions that have not been examined,as most work has been done in the tropics.unresolved issues include the strength of a growth-mortality trade-off in trees(originally identified for seedlings)and the nature of the association between plant traits and vital rates,if any.our objectives were to examine whether(i)ecological strategies in south american mixed forests are organ-ized along the fast competitor×slow stress-tolerator and height gradients as the main strategy axes depicted in the overall trait and vital rate correlation structure,and(ii)a tentative path model we proposed can explain the patterns of covariation among traits and vital rates.Methods We studied a different habitat(subtropical mixed conifer-hardwood forests)and region(brazilian atlantic Forest)from the majority of related studies in forests,carried out in the Neotropical region.Data on total height,stem slenderness,crown depth,wood density,specific leaf area,leaf and seed length,seed dispersal mode,annual mortality,diameter relative growth rate and relative growth rate under favorable conditions were measured in southern brazil for 66 tree species.Data were subjected to principal components analysis and path analysis.restricted data on saplings and treelets were analyzed through correlation.Important Findingsstudied traits were reduced to four principal components.Principal components analysis produced axes that fit the resource acquisition versus resource-conservation and the height-mortality trade-offs,although the former was split into two distinct axes.seed size and seed dispersal mode appeared independently of these axes.a path model showed that leaf length and specific leaf area caused direct changes in trunk slenderness and,indirectly through growth,affected mortality.Expected trade-offs between growth and survivorship and between wood density and stem slenderness trade-offs were not found.this may result from the lack of extreme pioneers and over-representation of slow-growing hardwood species found in atlantic subtropical forests of south america.this suggests that the fastest growing species in the region do not grow so fast as to compromise wood density and survivorship,but grow fast enough to benefit from increased size.relationships between traits and vital rates seem to be mediated by the assembly process of regional floras,and the relative importance of traits like SLA and wood density may vary between floristic regions.
