Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used in various areas to support system optimization and find solutions where the complexity makes it challenging to use algorithmic and heuristics. Case-based Reasoning (CBR) is ...Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used in various areas to support system optimization and find solutions where the complexity makes it challenging to use algorithmic and heuristics. Case-based Reasoning (CBR) is an AI technique intensively exploited in domains like management, medicine, design, construction, retail and smart grid. CBR is a technique for problem-solving and captures new knowledge by using past experiences. One of the main CBR deployment challenges is the target system modeling process. This paper presents a straightforward methodological approach to model CBR-based applications using the concepts of abstract and concrete models. Splitting the modeling process with two models facilitates the allocation of expertise between the application domain and the CBR technology. The methodological approach intends to facilitate the CBR modeling process and to foster CBR use in various areas outside computer science.展开更多
This article presents a comparative analysis of the technology status of CCS （carbon capture and storage） in Japan and Brazil. Japan＇s GHG （greenhouse Gas） emissions are declining while Brazil＇s are increasing. ...This article presents a comparative analysis of the technology status of CCS （carbon capture and storage） in Japan and Brazil. Japan＇s GHG （greenhouse Gas） emissions are declining while Brazil＇s are increasing. Among ESTs （environmentally sound technologies） the potential of GHG mitigation of CCS has gained prominence. The research identifies the main activities and positions of the actors involved in CCS technology implementation in Japan and Brazil, and contrasts and compares reasons for the large-scale use of the CCS technologies in the two countries. This analysis is based on a literature review and a field survey done to collect primary data via visits to organizations and experts. This data was enhanced by an analysis of patent deposits in the area of CCS in the two countries in last 20 years. As regards the legal framework for climate change, and for CCS in particular, while responses to the main international decisions can be found in Japan, in Brazil this is not the case. In Japan the public sector has an effective participation together with private sector and civil society. In Brazil CCS activities are conducted by the private sector which is in turn putting pressure on civil society in particular academia. Currently, Japan is focusing on CCS capture technologies, while Brazil is focusing on CCS storage technologies. In summary, the CCS framework is being more efficiently carried out in Japan than in Brazil.展开更多
To extend the PSRK (predictive Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state) model to vapor-liquid equilibria of polymer solutions, a new EOS-gE mixing rule is applied in which the term ∑ xi ln(b/bi) in the PSRK mixing rule...To extend the PSRK (predictive Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state) model to vapor-liquid equilibria of polymer solutions, a new EOS-gE mixing rule is applied in which the term ∑ xi ln(b/bi) in the PSRK mixing rule for the parameter a, and the combinatorial part in the original universal functional activity coefficient (UNIFAC) model are cancelled. To take into account the free volume contribution to the excess Gibbs energy in polymer solution, a quadratic mixing rule for the cross co-volume bij with an exponent equals to 1/2 is applied[bij1/2= 1/2(bi1/2+bj1/2)]. The literature reported Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state (SRK EOS) parameters ofpure polymer are employed. The PSRK model with the modified mixing rule is used to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of 37 solvent-polymer systems over a large range of temperature and pressure with satisfactory results.展开更多
This study evaluated the influence of the Portland cement replacement by 0, 5</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span sty...This study evaluated the influence of the Portland cement replacement by 0, 5</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 10</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 15</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 20% of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) filler </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">contents in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The SCC mixtures </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were evaluated on fresh state by slump flow, J-ring, resistance of segre</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gation, specific gravity, and on hardened state by compressive and splitting tensile </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">strength, specific gravity, air voids and absorption rate. The results indicated that all SCC produced with CDW filler met the limits established at any level of substitution without changes of the w/c ratio or superplasticizer content. It was possible to verify that the presence of CDW filler, in substitution of cement, by volume, improves the resistance to segregation and up to 5% of CDW filler decreases the loss of fluidity with time as compared to reference. It was found that all SCC mixtures, at 28 days, had the average compressive strength above 50 MPa, without showing significant loss with up to 20% of CDW filler. For splitting tensile strength, SCC recycled mixtures reached up to 92.5% of the SCC used as reference. Absorption rate and air voids index of SCC recycled mixtures had a maximum increase of 1.60%Compared to the reference one. So, it is possible to conclude that the use of the CDW filler up to 20% in substitution of cement, by volume, is feasible for SCC production.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is associated with complications,frequent hospitalizations,surgery and death.The introduction of biologic drugs into the therapeutic arsenal in the last two decades,combined w...BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is associated with complications,frequent hospitalizations,surgery and death.The introduction of biologic drugs into the therapeutic arsenal in the last two decades,combined with an expansion of immunosuppressant therapy,has changed IBD management and may have altered the profile of hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality(IHM)due to IBD.AIM To describe hospitalizations from 2008 to 2018 and to analyze IHM from 1998 to 2017 for IBD in Brazil.METHODS This observational,retrospective,ecological study used secondary data on hospitalizations for IBD in Brazil for 2008-2018 to describe hospitalizations and for 1998-2017 to analyze IHM.Hospitalization data were obtained from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System and population data from demographic censuses.The following variables were analyzed:Number of deaths and hospitalizations,length of hospital stay,financial costs of hospitalization,sex,age,ethnicity and type of hospital admission.RESULTS There was a reduction in the number of IBD hospitalizations,from 6975 admissions in 1998 to 4113 in 2017(trend:y=-0.1682x+342.8;R^(2)=0.8197;P<0.0001).The hospitalization rate also decreased,from 3.60/100000 in 2000 to 2.17 in 2010.IHM rates varied during the 20-year period,between 2.06 in 2017 and 3.64 in 2007,and did not follow a linear trend(y=-0.0005049x+2.617;R^(2)=0,00006;P=0.9741).IHM rates also varied between regions,increasing in all but the southeast,which showed a decreasing trend(y=-0.1122x+4.427;R^(2)=0,728;P<0.0001).The Southeast region accounted for 44.29%of all hospitalizations.The Northeast region had the highest IHM rate(2.86 deaths/100 admissions),with an increasing trend(y=0.1105x+1.110;R^(2)=0.6265;P<0.0001),but the lowest hospitalization rate(1.15).The Midwest and South regions had the highest hospitalization rates(3.27 and 3.17,respectively).A higher IHM rate was observed for nonelective admissions(2.88),which accounted for 81%of IBD hospitalizations.The total cost of IBD hospitalizations in 2017 exhibited an increase of 37.5%compared to 2008.CONCLUSION There has been a notable reduction in the number of hospitalizations for IBD in Brazil over 20 years.IHM rates varied and did not follow a linear trend.展开更多
文摘Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used in various areas to support system optimization and find solutions where the complexity makes it challenging to use algorithmic and heuristics. Case-based Reasoning (CBR) is an AI technique intensively exploited in domains like management, medicine, design, construction, retail and smart grid. CBR is a technique for problem-solving and captures new knowledge by using past experiences. One of the main CBR deployment challenges is the target system modeling process. This paper presents a straightforward methodological approach to model CBR-based applications using the concepts of abstract and concrete models. Splitting the modeling process with two models facilitates the allocation of expertise between the application domain and the CBR technology. The methodological approach intends to facilitate the CBR modeling process and to foster CBR use in various areas outside computer science.
文摘This article presents a comparative analysis of the technology status of CCS （carbon capture and storage） in Japan and Brazil. Japan＇s GHG （greenhouse Gas） emissions are declining while Brazil＇s are increasing. Among ESTs （environmentally sound technologies） the potential of GHG mitigation of CCS has gained prominence. The research identifies the main activities and positions of the actors involved in CCS technology implementation in Japan and Brazil, and contrasts and compares reasons for the large-scale use of the CCS technologies in the two countries. This analysis is based on a literature review and a field survey done to collect primary data via visits to organizations and experts. This data was enhanced by an analysis of patent deposits in the area of CCS in the two countries in last 20 years. As regards the legal framework for climate change, and for CCS in particular, while responses to the main international decisions can be found in Japan, in Brazil this is not the case. In Japan the public sector has an effective participation together with private sector and civil society. In Brazil CCS activities are conducted by the private sector which is in turn putting pressure on civil society in particular academia. Currently, Japan is focusing on CCS capture technologies, while Brazil is focusing on CCS storage technologies. In summary, the CCS framework is being more efficiently carried out in Japan than in Brazil.
文摘To extend the PSRK (predictive Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state) model to vapor-liquid equilibria of polymer solutions, a new EOS-gE mixing rule is applied in which the term ∑ xi ln(b/bi) in the PSRK mixing rule for the parameter a, and the combinatorial part in the original universal functional activity coefficient (UNIFAC) model are cancelled. To take into account the free volume contribution to the excess Gibbs energy in polymer solution, a quadratic mixing rule for the cross co-volume bij with an exponent equals to 1/2 is applied[bij1/2= 1/2(bi1/2+bj1/2)]. The literature reported Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state (SRK EOS) parameters ofpure polymer are employed. The PSRK model with the modified mixing rule is used to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of 37 solvent-polymer systems over a large range of temperature and pressure with satisfactory results.
文摘This study evaluated the influence of the Portland cement replacement by 0, 5</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 10</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 15</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 20% of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) filler </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">contents in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The SCC mixtures </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were evaluated on fresh state by slump flow, J-ring, resistance of segre</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gation, specific gravity, and on hardened state by compressive and splitting tensile </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">strength, specific gravity, air voids and absorption rate. The results indicated that all SCC produced with CDW filler met the limits established at any level of substitution without changes of the w/c ratio or superplasticizer content. It was possible to verify that the presence of CDW filler, in substitution of cement, by volume, improves the resistance to segregation and up to 5% of CDW filler decreases the loss of fluidity with time as compared to reference. It was found that all SCC mixtures, at 28 days, had the average compressive strength above 50 MPa, without showing significant loss with up to 20% of CDW filler. For splitting tensile strength, SCC recycled mixtures reached up to 92.5% of the SCC used as reference. Absorption rate and air voids index of SCC recycled mixtures had a maximum increase of 1.60%Compared to the reference one. So, it is possible to conclude that the use of the CDW filler up to 20% in substitution of cement, by volume, is feasible for SCC production.
文摘BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is associated with complications,frequent hospitalizations,surgery and death.The introduction of biologic drugs into the therapeutic arsenal in the last two decades,combined with an expansion of immunosuppressant therapy,has changed IBD management and may have altered the profile of hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality(IHM)due to IBD.AIM To describe hospitalizations from 2008 to 2018 and to analyze IHM from 1998 to 2017 for IBD in Brazil.METHODS This observational,retrospective,ecological study used secondary data on hospitalizations for IBD in Brazil for 2008-2018 to describe hospitalizations and for 1998-2017 to analyze IHM.Hospitalization data were obtained from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System and population data from demographic censuses.The following variables were analyzed:Number of deaths and hospitalizations,length of hospital stay,financial costs of hospitalization,sex,age,ethnicity and type of hospital admission.RESULTS There was a reduction in the number of IBD hospitalizations,from 6975 admissions in 1998 to 4113 in 2017(trend:y=-0.1682x+342.8;R^(2)=0.8197;P<0.0001).The hospitalization rate also decreased,from 3.60/100000 in 2000 to 2.17 in 2010.IHM rates varied during the 20-year period,between 2.06 in 2017 and 3.64 in 2007,and did not follow a linear trend(y=-0.0005049x+2.617;R^(2)=0,00006;P=0.9741).IHM rates also varied between regions,increasing in all but the southeast,which showed a decreasing trend(y=-0.1122x+4.427;R^(2)=0,728;P<0.0001).The Southeast region accounted for 44.29%of all hospitalizations.The Northeast region had the highest IHM rate(2.86 deaths/100 admissions),with an increasing trend(y=0.1105x+1.110;R^(2)=0.6265;P<0.0001),but the lowest hospitalization rate(1.15).The Midwest and South regions had the highest hospitalization rates(3.27 and 3.17,respectively).A higher IHM rate was observed for nonelective admissions(2.88),which accounted for 81%of IBD hospitalizations.The total cost of IBD hospitalizations in 2017 exhibited an increase of 37.5%compared to 2008.CONCLUSION There has been a notable reduction in the number of hospitalizations for IBD in Brazil over 20 years.IHM rates varied and did not follow a linear trend.
