Background： Ee （Eosinophilic esophagitis） is an inflammatory condition characterized by a dense eosinophilic infiltrate in the esophageal epithelium. Its pathophysiology mimics that of allergic esophagitis, and evo...Background： Ee （Eosinophilic esophagitis） is an inflammatory condition characterized by a dense eosinophilic infiltrate in the esophageal epithelium. Its pathophysiology mimics that of allergic esophagitis, and evolves clinically as a chronic disease with periods of exacerbation. Symptoms and endoscopic findings are usually non-specific and similar to those of other esophageal illnesses. The mainstay of treatment of Ee is with corticosteroids and/or specific diets, which have been shown to cause symptom remission and histological improvement. Aim： The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of a novel and promising treatment protocol for Ee. Materials and methods： We prospectively evaluated 24 patients with Ee over two years. Patients were treated with a single intramuscular injection of betamethasone sodium phosphate associated with betamethasone dipropionate and a PPI （proton pump inhibitor） （rabeprazole 20 mg PO）. After 4 weeks of treatment, patients underwent endoscopy and biopsy. We evaluated patients＇ clinical response as well as the results of endoscopic and histological examinations. Results： After 4 weeks of treatment, all patients （100%） are reported significant clinical improvement, which was corroborated by the findings on endoscopy and histology. There were no complications or adverse reactions. Conclusions： In this cohort of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, treatment with a single intramuscular dose of corticosteroids led to complete remission of symptoms and improvement in endoscopic and histological findings.展开更多
Measures such as residual feed intake(RFI)have been increasingly considered to select cattle with superior feed efficiency,as it is a characteristic of feed efficiency calculated as the difference between observed int...Measures such as residual feed intake(RFI)have been increasingly considered to select cattle with superior feed efficiency,as it is a characteristic of feed efficiency calculated as the difference between observed intake and estimated intake considering metabolic weight and the weight gain.Estimated feed intake is obtained through the multiple regression equation of observed consumption on metabolic mean live weight and weight gain.The standard was shared among animals into one herd selected for low RFI(high efficiency)and compared to the one selected for high RFI(low efficiency).There was no correlated response in weight per year and in weight gain,and the effectiveness of low RFI selection in reducing feed costs was proven without affecting production.However,selection of animals with negative RFI is not done by selecting animals directly according to the size of the viscera,rather it is done indirectly,that is,when selecting the most efficient animals and normally these animals already have the smallest viscera size.The RFI is a trait that presents genetic variability,selectable to improve and has moderate heritability,between 0.30 and 0.35.The RFI is important because it reduces the direct economic impacts of reduced feed intake,as well as the effects of environmental impact on reducing methane emissions from enteric fermentation of ruminants.展开更多
Acetic acid can be directly produced from glucose in one-step fermentation by using yeasts of the genus Brettanomyces bruxellensis, hence increasing the industrial application to manufacture products with simplified b...Acetic acid can be directly produced from glucose in one-step fermentation by using yeasts of the genus Brettanomyces bruxellensis, hence increasing the industrial application to manufacture products with simplified bioprocesses. Thereby, this work evaluates the influence of initial glucose concentration on the growth and acetic acid production by B. bruxellensis. The results obtained confirmed the presence of Crabtree effect on B. bruxellensis under low glucose concentrations. The maximum acetic acid concentration reached was 15.4 g·L-1 starting with 100 g·L-1 leading to a product yield of 0.154 g·g-1 and a specific acetic acid production rate of 0.05 g·g-1·h-1. The results also indicate that after reaching the acetic acid critic threshold of 4 g·L-1 the metabolism can induce the growth second phase even residual glucose was present on the culture media at high starting glucose concentrations. Additionally, it was observed a lineal relationship between cell viability and acetic acid production.展开更多
The alteration of structure and function of gut microbiota(dysbiosis)appears to be a major factor associated with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and subsequent development of cardiovascular diseases.However,...The alteration of structure and function of gut microbiota(dysbiosis)appears to be a major factor associated with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and subsequent development of cardiovascular diseases.However,the consumption of fermented milks is a promising strategy to enhance health and restore the function of gut microbiota;specifically,in individuals with intestinal dysbiosis and hypercholesterolemia.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential association between gut microbiota and the hypocholesterolemic effect of fermented milks with Lactococcus lactis NRRL B-571(FM-571),NRRL B-572(FM-572)and NRRL B-600(FM-600)in Sprague-Dawley rats.Fermented milks were administered to hypercholesterolemic Sprague-Dawley rats during seven weeks.At the end of the experimental period,fecal and colonic microbiota were characterized using 16S RNA gene sequencing.Also,the short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)content was quantified in feces.Results showed that a high-cholesterol diet(HCD)altered the bacterial community in both fecal and mucosal samples.The consumption of fermented milks,specifically FM-572 promoted changes in the structure(beta diversity)in fecal,but not in mucosal microbiota.The levels of SCFAs in feces were improved after fermented milks consumption.From all SCFAs,butyrate was negatively correlated with total cholesterol,LDL-C(p<0.05)and positively correlated with HDL-C(p<0.05).Furthermore,Ruminococcaceae,Lactobacillaceae,Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae families,were negatively associated with total cholesterol,LDL-C(p<0.05)and positively associated with HDL-C(p<0.05).The abundance of these families was increased in groups treated with fermented milks,particularly with FM-572(p<0.05).Thus,the in vivo hypocholesterolemic effect after the consumption of milks fermented with Lactococcus lactis strains may be related with the modulation of fecal microbiota associated with the increase of butyrate-producing bacteria.Furthermore,these associations may suggest that butyrate may influence the cholesterol metabolism,resulting in the decreasing cholesterol levels.展开更多
Co-microcapsules were prepared through spray drying of double emulsions of L.rhamnosus and krill oil,using whey protein as wall material.At all tested drying process temperatures,viability of the microcapsules and co-...Co-microcapsules were prepared through spray drying of double emulsions of L.rhamnosus and krill oil,using whey protein as wall material.At all tested drying process temperatures,viability of the microcapsules and co-microcapsules above 1×10^(10) CFU/mL was achieved.The main phospholipid detected in the co-microcapsules were phosphatidylethanolamine.The fatty acids profile of the co-microcapsules revealed a low content of saturated fatty acids(SFA)and a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA).The survivability of L.rhamnosus was evaluated during the storage of the co-microcapsules at different temperatures(4 and 25℃)and relative humidities(10–93%).It was found that increasing the storage temperature decreases the range of water activity in which the viability of the probiotic remains stable in the co-microcapsules.The co-microencapsulates developed provide omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics with less impact on its functional properties.展开更多
文摘Background： Ee （Eosinophilic esophagitis） is an inflammatory condition characterized by a dense eosinophilic infiltrate in the esophageal epithelium. Its pathophysiology mimics that of allergic esophagitis, and evolves clinically as a chronic disease with periods of exacerbation. Symptoms and endoscopic findings are usually non-specific and similar to those of other esophageal illnesses. The mainstay of treatment of Ee is with corticosteroids and/or specific diets, which have been shown to cause symptom remission and histological improvement. Aim： The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of a novel and promising treatment protocol for Ee. Materials and methods： We prospectively evaluated 24 patients with Ee over two years. Patients were treated with a single intramuscular injection of betamethasone sodium phosphate associated with betamethasone dipropionate and a PPI （proton pump inhibitor） （rabeprazole 20 mg PO）. After 4 weeks of treatment, patients underwent endoscopy and biopsy. We evaluated patients＇ clinical response as well as the results of endoscopic and histological examinations. Results： After 4 weeks of treatment, all patients （100%） are reported significant clinical improvement, which was corroborated by the findings on endoscopy and histology. There were no complications or adverse reactions. Conclusions： In this cohort of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, treatment with a single intramuscular dose of corticosteroids led to complete remission of symptoms and improvement in endoscopic and histological findings.
文摘Measures such as residual feed intake(RFI)have been increasingly considered to select cattle with superior feed efficiency,as it is a characteristic of feed efficiency calculated as the difference between observed intake and estimated intake considering metabolic weight and the weight gain.Estimated feed intake is obtained through the multiple regression equation of observed consumption on metabolic mean live weight and weight gain.The standard was shared among animals into one herd selected for low RFI(high efficiency)and compared to the one selected for high RFI(low efficiency).There was no correlated response in weight per year and in weight gain,and the effectiveness of low RFI selection in reducing feed costs was proven without affecting production.However,selection of animals with negative RFI is not done by selecting animals directly according to the size of the viscera,rather it is done indirectly,that is,when selecting the most efficient animals and normally these animals already have the smallest viscera size.The RFI is a trait that presents genetic variability,selectable to improve and has moderate heritability,between 0.30 and 0.35.The RFI is important because it reduces the direct economic impacts of reduced feed intake,as well as the effects of environmental impact on reducing methane emissions from enteric fermentation of ruminants.
基金Authors acknowledged the economical support from the National Council of Science and Technology,México(Fondo Mixto CONACYT-Gobierno del Estado de Ve-racruz project No.128052)the critical reading of Patricia Hayward Jones MSc.and Dulce Ma.Barradas Dermitz MSc.
文摘Acetic acid can be directly produced from glucose in one-step fermentation by using yeasts of the genus Brettanomyces bruxellensis, hence increasing the industrial application to manufacture products with simplified bioprocesses. Thereby, this work evaluates the influence of initial glucose concentration on the growth and acetic acid production by B. bruxellensis. The results obtained confirmed the presence of Crabtree effect on B. bruxellensis under low glucose concentrations. The maximum acetic acid concentration reached was 15.4 g·L-1 starting with 100 g·L-1 leading to a product yield of 0.154 g·g-1 and a specific acetic acid production rate of 0.05 g·g-1·h-1. The results also indicate that after reaching the acetic acid critic threshold of 4 g·L-1 the metabolism can induce the growth second phase even residual glucose was present on the culture media at high starting glucose concentrations. Additionally, it was observed a lineal relationship between cell viability and acetic acid production.
基金supported by the Mexican Council of Humanities Science and Technology(CONAHCYT)México City,(México)research grant:240338 and 60305.
文摘The alteration of structure and function of gut microbiota(dysbiosis)appears to be a major factor associated with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and subsequent development of cardiovascular diseases.However,the consumption of fermented milks is a promising strategy to enhance health and restore the function of gut microbiota;specifically,in individuals with intestinal dysbiosis and hypercholesterolemia.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential association between gut microbiota and the hypocholesterolemic effect of fermented milks with Lactococcus lactis NRRL B-571(FM-571),NRRL B-572(FM-572)and NRRL B-600(FM-600)in Sprague-Dawley rats.Fermented milks were administered to hypercholesterolemic Sprague-Dawley rats during seven weeks.At the end of the experimental period,fecal and colonic microbiota were characterized using 16S RNA gene sequencing.Also,the short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)content was quantified in feces.Results showed that a high-cholesterol diet(HCD)altered the bacterial community in both fecal and mucosal samples.The consumption of fermented milks,specifically FM-572 promoted changes in the structure(beta diversity)in fecal,but not in mucosal microbiota.The levels of SCFAs in feces were improved after fermented milks consumption.From all SCFAs,butyrate was negatively correlated with total cholesterol,LDL-C(p<0.05)and positively correlated with HDL-C(p<0.05).Furthermore,Ruminococcaceae,Lactobacillaceae,Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae families,were negatively associated with total cholesterol,LDL-C(p<0.05)and positively associated with HDL-C(p<0.05).The abundance of these families was increased in groups treated with fermented milks,particularly with FM-572(p<0.05).Thus,the in vivo hypocholesterolemic effect after the consumption of milks fermented with Lactococcus lactis strains may be related with the modulation of fecal microbiota associated with the increase of butyrate-producing bacteria.Furthermore,these associations may suggest that butyrate may influence the cholesterol metabolism,resulting in the decreasing cholesterol levels.
文摘Co-microcapsules were prepared through spray drying of double emulsions of L.rhamnosus and krill oil,using whey protein as wall material.At all tested drying process temperatures,viability of the microcapsules and co-microcapsules above 1×10^(10) CFU/mL was achieved.The main phospholipid detected in the co-microcapsules were phosphatidylethanolamine.The fatty acids profile of the co-microcapsules revealed a low content of saturated fatty acids(SFA)and a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA).The survivability of L.rhamnosus was evaluated during the storage of the co-microcapsules at different temperatures(4 and 25℃)and relative humidities(10–93%).It was found that increasing the storage temperature decreases the range of water activity in which the viability of the probiotic remains stable in the co-microcapsules.The co-microencapsulates developed provide omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics with less impact on its functional properties.
