Anthropogenic ammonia emissions primarily originate from agriculture,especially field fertilization.These emissions represent nitrogen loss for farmers and contribute to air pollution,posing risks to human health and ...Anthropogenic ammonia emissions primarily originate from agriculture,especially field fertilization.These emissions represent nitrogen loss for farmers and contribute to air pollution,posing risks to human health and the environment.Estimating ammonia emissions is crucial for national inventories and policy-making.Various models exist for predicting emissions,including mechanistic,empirical,and semi-empirical approaches.While machine learning(ML)is widely used in environmental science,its application to ammonia emissions remains limited.In this study,we used 5939 ammonia emission data from 538 trials,extracted from the ALFAM2 database,to train three machine learning methods-random forest,gradient boosting,and lasso-for predicting cumulative ammonia emissions 72 h after manure application.These methods were compared to the semi-empirical ALFAM2 model using an independent test dataset.Random forest(RMSE=4.51,r=0.94,MAE=3.28,Bias=0.92)and gradient boosting(RMSE=6.19,r=0.89,MAE=4.10,Bias=0.51)showed the best performance,while the lasso log-linear model(RMSE=7.30,r=0.84,MAE=5.57,Bias=-1.38)performed worst.Both random forest and gradient boosting outperformed the semi-empirical ALFAM2 model,which showed performance comparable to the lasso model.We then used these models and the ALFAM2 model to compare five slurry management techniques,varying in application method(trailing hoses,trailing shoes,and open slot)and post-application incorporation,across 128 scenarios with different manure types and weather conditions.Compared to broadcast application,alternative techniques reduced emissions by a median of-13.6%to-61.7%.This study highlights the promise of ML models in assessing ammonia emission reduction methods,while emphasizing the importance of evaluating model sensitivity to algorithm choice.展开更多
Amyloidosis is a group of diseases caused by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid fibrils(misfolded protein aggregates)in various human tissues.These amyloid deposits can interfere with normal organ function and lead ...Amyloidosis is a group of diseases caused by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid fibrils(misfolded protein aggregates)in various human tissues.These amyloid deposits can interfere with normal organ function and lead to severe health issues.Amyloid plaque formation in the brain is linked to neurodegenerative diseases,including Tau and Aβplaques in Alzheimer’s disease,α-synuclein plaques in Parkinson’s disease,and huntingtin plaques in Huntington’s disease.Although this condition is typically associated with aging,certain mutations in amyloid-forming proteins can trigger early-onset amyloidosis(Hatami et al.,2017).Given its progressive and life-threatening nature,early detection and treatment are crucial.展开更多
Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a pathological condition that impairs both sensorimotor and cognitive functions.While research has long focused on understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and developing treatments...Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a pathological condition that impairs both sensorimotor and cognitive functions.While research has long focused on understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and developing treatments,only a few studies have investigated the cellular and molecular consequences that occur in the brain after trauma.From the earliest stages,the injury triggers microglial activation,increased neuronal death,and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.展开更多
Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining...Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.展开更多
DIS3 is the main catalytic subunit of the nuclear RNA exosome,a complex playing a crucial role in RNA processing and the degradation of various noncoding RNA substrates.In mice,DIS3 is essential for genomic rearrangem...DIS3 is the main catalytic subunit of the nuclear RNA exosome,a complex playing a crucial role in RNA processing and the degradation of various noncoding RNA substrates.In mice,DIS3 is essential for genomic rearrangements during B cell development,but its role in terminal plasma cell(PC)differentiation has not been explored.Although DIS3 gene alterations are frequent in multiple myeloma(MM),a PC malignancy,their molecular impact remains poorly understood.In this study,we developed an antisense oligonucleotide strategy to knock down DIS3 expression in a well-characterized model of human PC differentiation.Reducing DIS3 expression systematically led to decreased B cell proliferation and impaired PC differentiation with lower levels of switched immunoglobulin secretion.Transcriptome analyses confirmed alterations in the proliferation and differentiation programs,alongside an accumulation of noncoding RNAs.Notably,centromere-associated noncoding RNAs were highly sensitive to DIS3 activity,and their accumulation in DIS3-deficient cells,either as transcripts or DNA-associated RNAs,correlated with the mislocalization of the centromere-specific histone variant CENP-A.We finally observed reduced physiological DNA recombination and somatic hypermutation but increased genomic instability in DIS3-deficient cells,in agreement with the higher levels of IGH translocations observed in our large cohort of DIS3-mutant MM patients.Together,these results underscore the essential role of DIS3 in regulating B cell proliferation,DNA recombination,and physiological or malignant PC differentiation in humans.展开更多
In the words of the late Sir Colin Blakemore,neurologists have historically sought to infer brain functions in a manner akin to to king a hammer to a computeranalyzing localized anatomical lesions caused by trauma,tum...In the words of the late Sir Colin Blakemore,neurologists have historically sought to infer brain functions in a manner akin to to king a hammer to a computeranalyzing localized anatomical lesions caused by trauma,tumors,or strokes,noting deficits,and inferring what functions certain brain regions may be responsible for.This approach exemplifies a deletion heuristic,where the absence of a specific function reveals insights about the underlying structures or mechanisms responsible for it.By observing what is lost when a particular brain region is damaged,throughout the history of the field,neurologists have pieced together the intricate relationship between anatomy and function.展开更多
Polyphagous insect species develop using multiple host plants.Often considered beneficial,polyphagy can also be costly as host nutritional quality may vary.Drosophila suzukii(Matsumura)is an invasive species that can ...Polyphagous insect species develop using multiple host plants.Often considered beneficial,polyphagy can also be costly as host nutritional quality may vary.Drosophila suzukii(Matsumura)is an invasive species that can develop on numerous fruit species over the annual cycle.Here,we assessed the contribution of winter-available fruit to the development of seasonal populations of D.suzukii,under fluctuating late winter/early spring temperature regimes.We infested an artificial diet and three suitable fruit species available in winter/early spring(Aucuba japonica,Elaeagnus×submacrophylla,Viscum album)with D.suzukii larvae under three temperature regimes:constant 20℃,fluctuating controlled regime of 8-15℃(12 h of light at 8℃ and 12 h of dark at 15℃),and uncontrolled outdoor regime during spring.As expected,fly performance was impaired by early spring-like environmental conditions,whatever the development diet,and the winter fruit were suboptimal diets compared to the artificial diet,whatever the thermal regime.However,under cold fluctuating temperature regimes,the ranking of fruit supporting the best performance changed,highlighting the occurrence of physiological trade-offs.Winter-acclimated females preferentially oviposited in A.japonica and/or E.×submacrophylla,whatever the thermal regime,which does not support the preference-performance hypothesis.This finding is also discussed in the context of D.suzukii management strategies.展开更多
Efficient torque allocation in over-actuated vehicles poses a central challenge in the domain of advanced vehicle control.These vehicles,featuring redundant actuators,provide an exceptional avenue for enhancing perfor...Efficient torque allocation in over-actuated vehicles poses a central challenge in the domain of advanced vehicle control.These vehicles,featuring redundant actuators,provide an exceptional avenue for enhancing performance,stability,and efficiency.This paper presents a pioneering tendency for torque allocation in the context of over-actuated vehicles,particularly inwheel motor(IWM)driven electric vehicles.We introduce a systematic methodology grounded in analytical modeling,allowing for the efficient reconciliation of multiple,often conflicting objectives.The explicit functions are analytically modeled to enhance stability and energy economy.Additionally,a fuzzy logic-based torque allocation strategy is developed and compared,along with other literature methods,with the analytical models.Simulations are conducted in a joint simulation between Simulink/MATLAB and SCANeR Studio vehicle dynamics simulator,followed by validation on a real-world dataset.Our findings elucidate the proficiency of the analytical models on vehicle performance,stability,computational efficiency,and energy consumption.展开更多
This paper presents a simplified design tool based on semi-analytical formulations to investigate the dynamic response of an immersed composite cylinder subjected to a far-field underwater explosion.The cylinder is si...This paper presents a simplified design tool based on semi-analytical formulations to investigate the dynamic response of an immersed composite cylinder subjected to a far-field underwater explosion.The cylinder is simply supported,fully submerged and filled with air inside.A classical shell theory using a Double Fourier series solution combined with the first-order Doubly Asymptotic Approximation(DAA1)formulation is adapted to model the fluid-structure interaction.An explicit non-standard finite difference scheme is applied to solve the coupled differential equations in time domain.The validity of DAA1 model is established by comparing the LS-DYNA/USA finite element results with existing experimental data from the literature.Then the proposed semi-analytical solutions are compared to the LS-DYNA/USA results,showing good correlation with a discrepancy of 7%for peak deflections and±9%for maximum stresses at the stand-off point for cylinders with relatively small length over radius ratios.Parametric studies examining the effect of different loading conditions,areal masses,and material configurations reveal that a large charge mass located far from the composite panel turns out to be more damaging than a small mass located nearby due to a broader pressure-time profile.Finally,the proposed model demonstrates a significant reduction in computation time,being approximately 30 times faster than its numerical counterpart,LS-DYNA/USA,making it a valuable tool for the preliminary design stages.展开更多
Background:Inflatable Penile Prosthesis(IPP)is the treatment for erectile dysfunction(ED)refractory to pharmacological therapies.Long-term data on factors associated with prosthesis survival remain unclear.This study ...Background:Inflatable Penile Prosthesis(IPP)is the treatment for erectile dysfunction(ED)refractory to pharmacological therapies.Long-term data on factors associated with prosthesis survival remain unclear.This study aimed to analyze the long-term survival of penile prostheses and identify risk factors associated with survival without reintervention.Methods:This is a retrospective,single-center study of patients who underwent IPP implantation between January 2014 and December 2022.Preoperative data related to the patient and the etiology of ED,as well as perioperative data,were collected.The primary outcome was survival without reintervention,defined as prosthesis revision or explantation due to mechanical dysfunction or infection.We conducted survival analyses without reintervention and searched for risk factors using a multivariate Cox model.Results:In total,33 out of 137 patients underwent reintervention(24.1%),including 24(17.5%)prosthesis revisions and 9(6.6%)had explantations.Median follow-up was 39 months with an interquartile range(IQR)of 9.00 to 62.00.Median survival without reintervention was 7 years.In univariate analysis,downsizing(p=0.046)was associated with reintervention.Smoking(p=0.003)and age(p=0.034)were associated with prosthesis explantation.The number of implantations(p=0.009)was associated with prosthesis revision.Multivariate analysis by the Cox model did not identify any independent predictive factors for reintervention.Conclusion:Smoking may play a role in infection post-IPP implantation.Primary implantations seem to be associated with better survival.Adjusting cylinder size,known as downsizing,is likely to be a proxy for the complexity of the procedure and thus linked to earlier reintervention.展开更多
Vaginal delivery is a fascinating physiological process,but also a high-risk process.Up to 85%–90%of vaginal deliveries lead to perineal trauma,with nearly 11%of severe perineal tearing.It is a common occurrence,espe...Vaginal delivery is a fascinating physiological process,but also a high-risk process.Up to 85%–90%of vaginal deliveries lead to perineal trauma,with nearly 11%of severe perineal tearing.It is a common occurrence,especially for first-time mothers.Computational childbirth plays an essential role in the prediction and prevention of these traumas,but fast personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles is challenging due to their anatomical complexity.This study introduces a novel shape-prediction-based personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles for perineal tearing management and childbirth simulation.300 subjects were selected from public Computed Tomography(CT)databases.The pelvic bone nmjmeshes were generated using a coarse-to-fine non-rigid mesh alignment procedure.The floor muscle meshes were personalized using the bone mesh deformation information.A feature-to-pelvic structure reconstruction pipeline was proposed,incorporating various strategies.Ten-fold cross-validation helped determine the optimal reconstruction strategy,regression method,and feature sizes.The mesh-to-mesh distance metric was employed for evaluating.The statistical shape relation-based strategy,coupled with multi-output ridge regression,was the optimal approach for pelvic structure reconstruction.With a feature set ranging from 3 to 38,the mean errors were 2.672 to 1.613 mm,and 3.237 to 1.415 mm in muscle attachment regions.The best-and worst-case predictions had errors of 1.227±0.959 mm and 2.900±2.309 mm,respectively.This study provides a novel approach to achieving fast personalized childbirth modeling and simulation for perineal tearing management.展开更多
Tire-derived aggregate(TDA)is an engineered construction material produced from recycled scrap tires and is often used as a compressible layer overlying buried structures to reduce overburden loads.The potential ampli...Tire-derived aggregate(TDA)is an engineered construction material produced from recycled scrap tires and is often used as a compressible layer overlying buried structures to reduce overburden loads.The potential amplification of ground motion in a tunnel site is well understood,but the effect of the tunnel-TDA layer system on ground surface acceleration remains unclear.In this study,both linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to evaluate the contributions of a TDA layer to the acceleration amplification at the ground surface.The numerical model was calibrated using recorded data from a shaking table test and validated against the literature results,followed by extensive parametric studies.The mechanical and geometrical parameters investigated for the TDA layer included damping ratio,density,Young’s modulus,width,thickness,and depth.The predominant frequency and intensity level of input motions were also investigated.This study showed that the presence of the TDA layer provided an additional acceleration amplification effect.The amplification was more pronounced in areas above the tunnel,particularly for the wider and shallower TDA layer subjected to high frequency and low intensity input motions.展开更多
Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40%of body mass and 50%–75%of whole-body protein,playing a central role in meat production and quality.Efficient protein synthesis in skeletal muscle relies on an adequate s...Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40%of body mass and 50%–75%of whole-body protein,playing a central role in meat production and quality.Efficient protein synthesis in skeletal muscle relies on an adequate supply of nutrient substrates and a balanced amino acid profile.Branched-chain amino acids(BCAA),including leucine(Leu),isoleucine(Ile),and valine(Val),are the most abundant essential amino acids in skeletal muscle and contribute to both protein synthesis and oxidative energy production.Additionally,BCAA function as signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and protein phosphorylation cascades,which significantly influence physiological processes,such as protein synthesis and degradation,glucose and lipid metabolism,and cell apoptosis and autophagy.These processes are primarily mediated through the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways.This review summarizes BCAA transporters and catabolic metabolism,their role as signaling molecules in regulating protein metabolism and glucose and lipid equilibrium,and applications in animal production.These findings offer both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for the precise regulation of feed efficiency and production performance through tailored dietary BCAA supplementations.展开更多
Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's ...Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's Central Highlands.To identify key factors driving soilborne diseases and threatening sustainable production,a soil and root survey was conducted across three provinces:Gia Lai,Dak Lak,and Dak Nong.Soils were characterised by high clay content(51.2-62.0%),moderate silt(35.5-46.0%),and low sand(2.5-2.8%),with a notably low cation exchange capacity(7.72-8.04 cmol_(c) kg^(−1)).The soils were strongly acidic,with average pH values of 4.51 in coffee farms and 5.45 in pepper farms.Despite sufficient levels of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K),soilborne pathogens were widespread.Fusarium spp.were detected in all samples,Phytophthora spp.in 64-76%of black pepper farms,and plant-parasitic nematodes in 67-84%of farms,with Meloidogyne spp.predominant.Fusarium density increased with soil acidity in coffee plantations.In coffee,nematode density was positively correlated with N input,while in black pepper,N was negatively correlated with Phytophthora.Organic matter and available K were negatively associated with Fusarium in coffee but positively with Phytophthora in black pepper.These findings underscore the need for integrated management of nutrients and pathogens to sustain perennial crop production in the region.展开更多
The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is re...The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is required from tectonothermal events to drive the release and circulation of radiogenic helium in the continental crust.Here we apply statistical analysis on geochemical data observed in thermal springs and recorded heat flow to account for crustal helium mass balance for each tectonothermal event in the region.Our results demonstrate anomalously high heat flow~64-99 mW/m^(2) with a consistent trend of helium isotopic ratio and fluid chemistry in the Rukwa Rift.Mass balance calculation show that the whole crustal volume underlying the East Africa Helium Pool(EAHP)has a capability of producing radiogenic helium of about 9.9×10^(6) mol/yr(22×10^(-6) mol 4He/m^(2) yr)while the total radiogenic helium flux ranges between~2.39×10^(6) mol/yr and~2.68×10^(9) mol/yr.The Tanzania Craton contributes largely to radiogenic helium releasing up to 50% of the total capacity in the region.The total ^(4)He emission in the Rukwa Rift Basin is about 4.45×10^(5)-5.01×10^(8) mol/yr which is thus equivalent to 19%-21% of the total production capacity in the region.These results imply that the helium accumulation in the EAHP would have started as early as Paleoproterozoic(2.349 Ga).These results provide a qualitative and quantitative insight to assess both helium and geothermal potentiality in the region.展开更多
The pursuit of simultaneously high wear resistance and excellent lubrication in multi‐principal element alloy(MPEA)composites is often hindered by a fundamental trade‐off,which is exacerbated by the agglomeration of...The pursuit of simultaneously high wear resistance and excellent lubrication in multi‐principal element alloy(MPEA)composites is often hindered by a fundamental trade‐off,which is exacerbated by the agglomeration of high‐content graphene reinforcements.This compromise becomes particularly severe in composites with high‐content graphene reinforcements,whose agglomeration leads to embrittlement and lubrication failure.Here,a flake powder-metallurgy strategy is developed to construct a self‐assembled lamellar structure in graphene/CoCrNi MPEA composites(Gr/MPEA_(AL)).This approach enables the uniform dispersion of a high graphene content(3.0 wt%),which is unattainable by conventional methods.The resulting composite exhibits a rare dual enhancement in performance:an order‐of‐magnitude improvement in wear resistance coupled with a low coefficient of friction.Intriguingly,the tribological behavior shows significant anisotropy,with optimal performance observed when sliding perpendicular to the lamellae.Through a multi‐scale methodology combining molecular dynamics simulations,finite element analysis,and systematic experiments,it is revealed that this exceptional performance stems from the synergy of high‐density deformation nanotwins,efficient strain delocalization,and abundant graphene‐derived lubricating sites.This work establishes a general paradigm for designing composite architectures that reconcile traditionally incompatible properties,offering broad implications for developing next‐generation structural materials with integrated mechanical robustness and surface functionality for safety‐critical applications.展开更多
We present the first systematic experimental validation of return-current-driven cylindrical implosion scaling in micrometer-sized Cu and Al wires irradiated by J-class femtosecond laser pulses.Employing XFEL-based im...We present the first systematic experimental validation of return-current-driven cylindrical implosion scaling in micrometer-sized Cu and Al wires irradiated by J-class femtosecond laser pulses.Employing XFEL-based imaging with sub-micrometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution,supported by hydrodynamic and particle-in-cell simulations,we reveal how return current density depends precisely on wire diameter,material properties,and incident laser energy.We identify deviations from simple theoretical predictions due to geometrically influenced electron escape dynamics.These results refine and confirm the scaling laws essential for predictive modeling in high-energy-density physics and inertial fusion research.展开更多
Despite Morocco's reliance on sunflower as an oilseed crop,little is known about its agronomic performance when sown in autumn or early winter.This knowledge gap is critical,as spring-sown varieties have shown dec...Despite Morocco's reliance on sunflower as an oilseed crop,little is known about its agronomic performance when sown in autumn or early winter.This knowledge gap is critical,as spring-sown varieties have shown declining performance in recent years under intensifying climate stress.Therefore,targeted breeding strategies could discover genotypes suitable for autumn or early winter sowing,with cold tolerance as a key selection criterion.Currently,‘Ichraq'is the only autumn-planted sunflower variety officially registered in Morocco,although efforts to release additional tolerant varieties are underway.This study evaluated 31 genotypes(MGB1to MGB31)selected from various environments under autumn planting conditions and conserved in the Moroccan Gene Bank.These genotypes were planted in early winter at a mountainous site known for its pronounced winter cold.Eighteen Morphological,physiological and agronomic parameters including initial vigor,leaf area,seed yield,oil content etc.,were assessed using both univariate and multivariate statistical approaches.Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences across most traits,indicating substantial genetic variation.Notably,seed oil content ranged from 23.28%(MGB26)to 43.88%(MGB5),and seed yield from1400 kg/ha(MGB7)to 5400 kg/ha(MGB8).Principal component analysis(PCA)identified that the first principal component,accounting for over 24%of the total phenotypic variance,exhibits a strong positive loading of yield-related traits and chlorophyll content,while displaying a pronounced negative loading for oil content variables.This opposing gradient indicates a clear trade-off between vegetative productivity and oil accumulation across the evaluated genotypes.Hierarchical cluster analysis resolved the germplasm into two principal clusters with high within-group similarity,each further partitioned into relatively homogeneous subgroups.Notably,several genotypes outperformed the control variety Ichraq,underscoring their potential for autumn or early winter cultivation.Nonetheless,essential multi-environment trials remain to validate their phenotypic stability and to ascertain their value as genetic resources for sunflower breeding programs in Morocco and other Mediterranean agro-ecosystems.展开更多
Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in de...Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in demand.In this work,we proposed a novel approach named multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform to identify living Bacillus spores within a single-cell resolution.The multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform was created by combining single-cell Raman spectroscopy,convolutional neural network(CNN),and multi-head self-attention mechanism.To address the limited size of the original spectra dataset,Gaussian noise-based spectra augmentation was employed to increase the number of single-cell Raman spectra datasets for CNN training.Owing to the assistance of both spectra augmentation and multi-head self-attention mechanism,the obtained prediction accuracy of five Bacillus spore species was further improved from 92.29±0.82%to 99.43±0.15%.To figure out the spectra differences covered by the multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided CNN,the relative classification weight from typical Raman bands was visualized via multi-head self-attention mechanism curve.In the process of spectra augmentation from 0 to 1000,the distribution of relative classification weight varied from a discrete state to a more concentrated phase.More importantly,these highlighted four Raman bands(1017,1449,1576,and 1660 cm^(-1))were assigned large weights,showing that the spectra differences in the Raman bands produced the largest contribution to prediction accuracy.It can be foreseen that,our proposed sorting platform has great potential in accurately identifying Bacillus and its related genera species at a single-cell level.展开更多
Human-modified landscapes serve as ecological filters,determining species distributions and persistence.Energy-efficient technologies,while crucial for climate change mitigation,represent novel filters whose impacts o...Human-modified landscapes serve as ecological filters,determining species distributions and persistence.Energy-efficient technologies,while crucial for climate change mitigation,represent novel filters whose impacts on synanthropic biodiversity are poorly understood.We investigated how attached sunspaces,a widely adopted energy-saving technology in rural China,filter the distribution of two ecologically important aerial insectivores,the Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica)and Red-rumped Swallow(Cecropis daurica).We surveyed 106 villages during the 2024 and 2025 breeding seasons and recorded a total of 2323 nests(612 Barn Swallow,1711 Red-rumped Swallow).Using Generalized Linear Models,we assessed their responses to building characteristics,landscape composition and the prevalence of sunspaces.Barn Swallow nests preferred perches at the base and single attachment faces,while Red-rumped Swallow nests favored multiple attachment faces and avoided long shelters.The proportion of buildings with sunspaces acted as a strong positive filter for Barn Swallow nest abundance(+24%)but as a significant negative filter for Red-rumped Swallow(-51%).Other landscape variables(e.g.,human population density,NDVI,Human Footprint Index)were not significant.This study demonstrates that specific architectural innovations can act as powerful ecological filters,leading to divergent distributional outcomes for sympatric species reliant on anthropogenic structures.Our findings reveal a critical trade-off in sustainable development:energy efficiency gains may inadvertently reduce habitat suitability for certain species.To reconcile climate and biodiversity goals in rural landscapes,we advocate integrating species-specific habitat requirements into building design.We propose actionable modifications to sunspaces to support swallows without compromising energy savings.These principles provide a template for mitigating the distributional impacts of green infrastructure globally.展开更多
基金the French state aid managed by the ANR under the“Investissements d’avenir”programme with the reference ANR-16-CONV-0003from the AgroEcoSystem department of INRAE.We are grateful to the INRAE MIGALE bioinformatics facility(MIGALE,INRAE,2020.Migale bioinformatics Facility,doi:10.15454/1.5572390655343293E12)for providing help and/or computing and/or storage resources.We are also grateful to Sasha Hafner for his help in reproducing some of the results of Hafner et al.(2019).
文摘Anthropogenic ammonia emissions primarily originate from agriculture,especially field fertilization.These emissions represent nitrogen loss for farmers and contribute to air pollution,posing risks to human health and the environment.Estimating ammonia emissions is crucial for national inventories and policy-making.Various models exist for predicting emissions,including mechanistic,empirical,and semi-empirical approaches.While machine learning(ML)is widely used in environmental science,its application to ammonia emissions remains limited.In this study,we used 5939 ammonia emission data from 538 trials,extracted from the ALFAM2 database,to train three machine learning methods-random forest,gradient boosting,and lasso-for predicting cumulative ammonia emissions 72 h after manure application.These methods were compared to the semi-empirical ALFAM2 model using an independent test dataset.Random forest(RMSE=4.51,r=0.94,MAE=3.28,Bias=0.92)and gradient boosting(RMSE=6.19,r=0.89,MAE=4.10,Bias=0.51)showed the best performance,while the lasso log-linear model(RMSE=7.30,r=0.84,MAE=5.57,Bias=-1.38)performed worst.Both random forest and gradient boosting outperformed the semi-empirical ALFAM2 model,which showed performance comparable to the lasso model.We then used these models and the ALFAM2 model to compare five slurry management techniques,varying in application method(trailing hoses,trailing shoes,and open slot)and post-application incorporation,across 128 scenarios with different manure types and weather conditions.Compared to broadcast application,alternative techniques reduced emissions by a median of-13.6%to-61.7%.This study highlights the promise of ML models in assessing ammonia emission reduction methods,while emphasizing the importance of evaluating model sensitivity to algorithm choice.
基金supported in part by a CIFRE PhD fellowship through the“Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie”(ANRT)program,in collaboration between PROTERA and“Center National de la Recherche Scientifique”(CNRS)to VGby EU COST Action ML4NGP CA21160 to VG and AVK+1 种基金the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale(grant MND202310017898)to AVKthe AFM-Téléthon(grant n°28988)to AVK.
文摘Amyloidosis is a group of diseases caused by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid fibrils(misfolded protein aggregates)in various human tissues.These amyloid deposits can interfere with normal organ function and lead to severe health issues.Amyloid plaque formation in the brain is linked to neurodegenerative diseases,including Tau and Aβplaques in Alzheimer’s disease,α-synuclein plaques in Parkinson’s disease,and huntingtin plaques in Huntington’s disease.Although this condition is typically associated with aging,certain mutations in amyloid-forming proteins can trigger early-onset amyloidosis(Hatami et al.,2017).Given its progressive and life-threatening nature,early detection and treatment are crucial.
文摘Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a pathological condition that impairs both sensorimotor and cognitive functions.While research has long focused on understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and developing treatments,only a few studies have investigated the cellular and molecular consequences that occur in the brain after trauma.From the earliest stages,the injury triggers microglial activation,increased neuronal death,and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
基金funded on the one hand by Agence de l'Innovation de Défense(AID)grant reference number 2021650044on the other hand by Ecole Centrale de Nantes。
文摘Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.
基金supported by the following grants:Agence nationale de la recherche(ANR)grant R23192NNInstitut national du cancer(INCa)grant PLBIO22-217+2 种基金Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer(ARC)grant ARCPJA2021060003753 and PRTK 2021-025Ligue contre le cancer Grand-OuestAllocations de Recherche Doctorale région Bretagne/Inserm PhD fellowship.
文摘DIS3 is the main catalytic subunit of the nuclear RNA exosome,a complex playing a crucial role in RNA processing and the degradation of various noncoding RNA substrates.In mice,DIS3 is essential for genomic rearrangements during B cell development,but its role in terminal plasma cell(PC)differentiation has not been explored.Although DIS3 gene alterations are frequent in multiple myeloma(MM),a PC malignancy,their molecular impact remains poorly understood.In this study,we developed an antisense oligonucleotide strategy to knock down DIS3 expression in a well-characterized model of human PC differentiation.Reducing DIS3 expression systematically led to decreased B cell proliferation and impaired PC differentiation with lower levels of switched immunoglobulin secretion.Transcriptome analyses confirmed alterations in the proliferation and differentiation programs,alongside an accumulation of noncoding RNAs.Notably,centromere-associated noncoding RNAs were highly sensitive to DIS3 activity,and their accumulation in DIS3-deficient cells,either as transcripts or DNA-associated RNAs,correlated with the mislocalization of the centromere-specific histone variant CENP-A.We finally observed reduced physiological DNA recombination and somatic hypermutation but increased genomic instability in DIS3-deficient cells,in agreement with the higher levels of IGH translocations observed in our large cohort of DIS3-mutant MM patients.Together,these results underscore the essential role of DIS3 in regulating B cell proliferation,DNA recombination,and physiological or malignant PC differentiation in humans.
文摘In the words of the late Sir Colin Blakemore,neurologists have historically sought to infer brain functions in a manner akin to to king a hammer to a computeranalyzing localized anatomical lesions caused by trauma,tumors,or strokes,noting deficits,and inferring what functions certain brain regions may be responsible for.This approach exemplifies a deletion heuristic,where the absence of a specific function reveals insights about the underlying structures or mechanisms responsible for it.By observing what is lost when a particular brain region is damaged,throughout the history of the field,neurologists have pieced together the intricate relationship between anatomy and function.
基金funded by ANR(Agence Nationale de la Recherche française)in the context of the project ANR DROTHERMAL(Grant Number:ANR-20-CE02-0011-01).
文摘Polyphagous insect species develop using multiple host plants.Often considered beneficial,polyphagy can also be costly as host nutritional quality may vary.Drosophila suzukii(Matsumura)is an invasive species that can develop on numerous fruit species over the annual cycle.Here,we assessed the contribution of winter-available fruit to the development of seasonal populations of D.suzukii,under fluctuating late winter/early spring temperature regimes.We infested an artificial diet and three suitable fruit species available in winter/early spring(Aucuba japonica,Elaeagnus×submacrophylla,Viscum album)with D.suzukii larvae under three temperature regimes:constant 20℃,fluctuating controlled regime of 8-15℃(12 h of light at 8℃ and 12 h of dark at 15℃),and uncontrolled outdoor regime during spring.As expected,fly performance was impaired by early spring-like environmental conditions,whatever the development diet,and the winter fruit were suboptimal diets compared to the artificial diet,whatever the thermal regime.However,under cold fluctuating temperature regimes,the ranking of fruit supporting the best performance changed,highlighting the occurrence of physiological trade-offs.Winter-acclimated females preferentially oviposited in A.japonica and/or E.×submacrophylla,whatever the thermal regime,which does not support the preference-performance hypothesis.This finding is also discussed in the context of D.suzukii management strategies.
基金carried out within the framework of the V3EA Project“Electric,Energy Efficient,and Autonomous Vehicle”(2021-2025)supported by the Research National Agency(ANR)of the French Government。
文摘Efficient torque allocation in over-actuated vehicles poses a central challenge in the domain of advanced vehicle control.These vehicles,featuring redundant actuators,provide an exceptional avenue for enhancing performance,stability,and efficiency.This paper presents a pioneering tendency for torque allocation in the context of over-actuated vehicles,particularly inwheel motor(IWM)driven electric vehicles.We introduce a systematic methodology grounded in analytical modeling,allowing for the efficient reconciliation of multiple,often conflicting objectives.The explicit functions are analytically modeled to enhance stability and energy economy.Additionally,a fuzzy logic-based torque allocation strategy is developed and compared,along with other literature methods,with the analytical models.Simulations are conducted in a joint simulation between Simulink/MATLAB and SCANeR Studio vehicle dynamics simulator,followed by validation on a real-world dataset.Our findings elucidate the proficiency of the analytical models on vehicle performance,stability,computational efficiency,and energy consumption.
基金supported by French Defense Innovation Agency(AID-DGA)(Grant No.ANR-21-ASM2-0002-02)in the framework of the Astrid Maturation SUCCESS+project,a collaborative French research project.
文摘This paper presents a simplified design tool based on semi-analytical formulations to investigate the dynamic response of an immersed composite cylinder subjected to a far-field underwater explosion.The cylinder is simply supported,fully submerged and filled with air inside.A classical shell theory using a Double Fourier series solution combined with the first-order Doubly Asymptotic Approximation(DAA1)formulation is adapted to model the fluid-structure interaction.An explicit non-standard finite difference scheme is applied to solve the coupled differential equations in time domain.The validity of DAA1 model is established by comparing the LS-DYNA/USA finite element results with existing experimental data from the literature.Then the proposed semi-analytical solutions are compared to the LS-DYNA/USA results,showing good correlation with a discrepancy of 7%for peak deflections and±9%for maximum stresses at the stand-off point for cylinders with relatively small length over radius ratios.Parametric studies examining the effect of different loading conditions,areal masses,and material configurations reveal that a large charge mass located far from the composite panel turns out to be more damaging than a small mass located nearby due to a broader pressure-time profile.Finally,the proposed model demonstrates a significant reduction in computation time,being approximately 30 times faster than its numerical counterpart,LS-DYNA/USA,making it a valuable tool for the preliminary design stages.
文摘Background:Inflatable Penile Prosthesis(IPP)is the treatment for erectile dysfunction(ED)refractory to pharmacological therapies.Long-term data on factors associated with prosthesis survival remain unclear.This study aimed to analyze the long-term survival of penile prostheses and identify risk factors associated with survival without reintervention.Methods:This is a retrospective,single-center study of patients who underwent IPP implantation between January 2014 and December 2022.Preoperative data related to the patient and the etiology of ED,as well as perioperative data,were collected.The primary outcome was survival without reintervention,defined as prosthesis revision or explantation due to mechanical dysfunction or infection.We conducted survival analyses without reintervention and searched for risk factors using a multivariate Cox model.Results:In total,33 out of 137 patients underwent reintervention(24.1%),including 24(17.5%)prosthesis revisions and 9(6.6%)had explantations.Median follow-up was 39 months with an interquartile range(IQR)of 9.00 to 62.00.Median survival without reintervention was 7 years.In univariate analysis,downsizing(p=0.046)was associated with reintervention.Smoking(p=0.003)and age(p=0.034)were associated with prosthesis explantation.The number of implantations(p=0.009)was associated with prosthesis revision.Multivariate analysis by the Cox model did not identify any independent predictive factors for reintervention.Conclusion:Smoking may play a role in infection post-IPP implantation.Primary implantations seem to be associated with better survival.Adjusting cylinder size,known as downsizing,is likely to be a proxy for the complexity of the procedure and thus linked to earlier reintervention.
基金funded by Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City(VNU-HCM)under grant number DS.C2025-28-06.
文摘Vaginal delivery is a fascinating physiological process,but also a high-risk process.Up to 85%–90%of vaginal deliveries lead to perineal trauma,with nearly 11%of severe perineal tearing.It is a common occurrence,especially for first-time mothers.Computational childbirth plays an essential role in the prediction and prevention of these traumas,but fast personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles is challenging due to their anatomical complexity.This study introduces a novel shape-prediction-based personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles for perineal tearing management and childbirth simulation.300 subjects were selected from public Computed Tomography(CT)databases.The pelvic bone nmjmeshes were generated using a coarse-to-fine non-rigid mesh alignment procedure.The floor muscle meshes were personalized using the bone mesh deformation information.A feature-to-pelvic structure reconstruction pipeline was proposed,incorporating various strategies.Ten-fold cross-validation helped determine the optimal reconstruction strategy,regression method,and feature sizes.The mesh-to-mesh distance metric was employed for evaluating.The statistical shape relation-based strategy,coupled with multi-output ridge regression,was the optimal approach for pelvic structure reconstruction.With a feature set ranging from 3 to 38,the mean errors were 2.672 to 1.613 mm,and 3.237 to 1.415 mm in muscle attachment regions.The best-and worst-case predictions had errors of 1.227±0.959 mm and 2.900±2.309 mm,respectively.This study provides a novel approach to achieving fast personalized childbirth modeling and simulation for perineal tearing management.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant No.E2025201025,the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department under Grant No.BJK2024121the Open Fund of Hebei Cangzhou Groundwater and Land Subsidence National Observation and Research Station under Grant No.CGLOS-2025-04+1 种基金the HBU Innovation Team for Multi-Disaster Prevention in Transportation Geotechnics under Grant No.IT2023C04the Research Fund for Talented Scholars of HBU under Grant No.521100221063。
文摘Tire-derived aggregate(TDA)is an engineered construction material produced from recycled scrap tires and is often used as a compressible layer overlying buried structures to reduce overburden loads.The potential amplification of ground motion in a tunnel site is well understood,but the effect of the tunnel-TDA layer system on ground surface acceleration remains unclear.In this study,both linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to evaluate the contributions of a TDA layer to the acceleration amplification at the ground surface.The numerical model was calibrated using recorded data from a shaking table test and validated against the literature results,followed by extensive parametric studies.The mechanical and geometrical parameters investigated for the TDA layer included damping ratio,density,Young’s modulus,width,thickness,and depth.The predominant frequency and intensity level of input motions were also investigated.This study showed that the presence of the TDA layer provided an additional acceleration amplification effect.The amplification was more pronounced in areas above the tunnel,particularly for the wider and shallower TDA layer subjected to high frequency and low intensity input motions.
基金partly funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1301405)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University。
文摘Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40%of body mass and 50%–75%of whole-body protein,playing a central role in meat production and quality.Efficient protein synthesis in skeletal muscle relies on an adequate supply of nutrient substrates and a balanced amino acid profile.Branched-chain amino acids(BCAA),including leucine(Leu),isoleucine(Ile),and valine(Val),are the most abundant essential amino acids in skeletal muscle and contribute to both protein synthesis and oxidative energy production.Additionally,BCAA function as signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and protein phosphorylation cascades,which significantly influence physiological processes,such as protein synthesis and degradation,glucose and lipid metabolism,and cell apoptosis and autophagy.These processes are primarily mediated through the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways.This review summarizes BCAA transporters and catabolic metabolism,their role as signaling molecules in regulating protein metabolism and glucose and lipid equilibrium,and applications in animal production.These findings offer both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for the precise regulation of feed efficiency and production performance through tailored dietary BCAA supplementations.
基金funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research(ACIAR)project“AGB-2018-175:Enhancing smallholder livelihoods in the Central Highlands of Viet Nam through improving the sustainability of coffee and black pepper farming systems and value chains”and Deakin University.
文摘Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's Central Highlands.To identify key factors driving soilborne diseases and threatening sustainable production,a soil and root survey was conducted across three provinces:Gia Lai,Dak Lak,and Dak Nong.Soils were characterised by high clay content(51.2-62.0%),moderate silt(35.5-46.0%),and low sand(2.5-2.8%),with a notably low cation exchange capacity(7.72-8.04 cmol_(c) kg^(−1)).The soils were strongly acidic,with average pH values of 4.51 in coffee farms and 5.45 in pepper farms.Despite sufficient levels of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K),soilborne pathogens were widespread.Fusarium spp.were detected in all samples,Phytophthora spp.in 64-76%of black pepper farms,and plant-parasitic nematodes in 67-84%of farms,with Meloidogyne spp.predominant.Fusarium density increased with soil acidity in coffee plantations.In coffee,nematode density was positively correlated with N input,while in black pepper,N was negatively correlated with Phytophthora.Organic matter and available K were negatively associated with Fusarium in coffee but positively with Phytophthora in black pepper.These findings underscore the need for integrated management of nutrients and pathogens to sustain perennial crop production in the region.
基金funded by United Kingdom Commonwealth Scholarship Commission。
文摘The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is required from tectonothermal events to drive the release and circulation of radiogenic helium in the continental crust.Here we apply statistical analysis on geochemical data observed in thermal springs and recorded heat flow to account for crustal helium mass balance for each tectonothermal event in the region.Our results demonstrate anomalously high heat flow~64-99 mW/m^(2) with a consistent trend of helium isotopic ratio and fluid chemistry in the Rukwa Rift.Mass balance calculation show that the whole crustal volume underlying the East Africa Helium Pool(EAHP)has a capability of producing radiogenic helium of about 9.9×10^(6) mol/yr(22×10^(-6) mol 4He/m^(2) yr)while the total radiogenic helium flux ranges between~2.39×10^(6) mol/yr and~2.68×10^(9) mol/yr.The Tanzania Craton contributes largely to radiogenic helium releasing up to 50% of the total capacity in the region.The total ^(4)He emission in the Rukwa Rift Basin is about 4.45×10^(5)-5.01×10^(8) mol/yr which is thus equivalent to 19%-21% of the total production capacity in the region.These results imply that the helium accumulation in the EAHP would have started as early as Paleoproterozoic(2.349 Ga).These results provide a qualitative and quantitative insight to assess both helium and geothermal potentiality in the region.
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515012378)Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52471093,52274367)+3 种基金fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NPU(No.2025‐QZ‐03)the Practice and Innovation Funds for Graduate Students of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.PF2025041)Fundamental Research Projects of Science&Technology Innovation and development Plan in Yantai City(No.2024JCYJ099)project(No.ZR2024QE213)supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation.
文摘The pursuit of simultaneously high wear resistance and excellent lubrication in multi‐principal element alloy(MPEA)composites is often hindered by a fundamental trade‐off,which is exacerbated by the agglomeration of high‐content graphene reinforcements.This compromise becomes particularly severe in composites with high‐content graphene reinforcements,whose agglomeration leads to embrittlement and lubrication failure.Here,a flake powder-metallurgy strategy is developed to construct a self‐assembled lamellar structure in graphene/CoCrNi MPEA composites(Gr/MPEA_(AL)).This approach enables the uniform dispersion of a high graphene content(3.0 wt%),which is unattainable by conventional methods.The resulting composite exhibits a rare dual enhancement in performance:an order‐of‐magnitude improvement in wear resistance coupled with a low coefficient of friction.Intriguingly,the tribological behavior shows significant anisotropy,with optimal performance observed when sliding perpendicular to the lamellae.Through a multi‐scale methodology combining molecular dynamics simulations,finite element analysis,and systematic experiments,it is revealed that this exceptional performance stems from the synergy of high‐density deformation nanotwins,efficient strain delocalization,and abundant graphene‐derived lubricating sites.This work establishes a general paradigm for designing composite architectures that reconcile traditionally incompatible properties,offering broad implications for developing next‐generation structural materials with integrated mechanical robustness and surface functionality for safety‐critical applications.
基金partially supported by the Center for Advanced Systems Understanding(CASUS)financed by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)+2 种基金the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliamentfunding from the European Union’s Just Transition Fund(JTF)within the project Röntgenlaser-Optimierung der Laserfusion(ROLF),Contract No.5086999001co-financed by the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliament.
文摘We present the first systematic experimental validation of return-current-driven cylindrical implosion scaling in micrometer-sized Cu and Al wires irradiated by J-class femtosecond laser pulses.Employing XFEL-based imaging with sub-micrometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution,supported by hydrodynamic and particle-in-cell simulations,we reveal how return current density depends precisely on wire diameter,material properties,and incident laser energy.We identify deviations from simple theoretical predictions due to geometrically influenced electron escape dynamics.These results refine and confirm the scaling laws essential for predictive modeling in high-energy-density physics and inertial fusion research.
文摘Despite Morocco's reliance on sunflower as an oilseed crop,little is known about its agronomic performance when sown in autumn or early winter.This knowledge gap is critical,as spring-sown varieties have shown declining performance in recent years under intensifying climate stress.Therefore,targeted breeding strategies could discover genotypes suitable for autumn or early winter sowing,with cold tolerance as a key selection criterion.Currently,‘Ichraq'is the only autumn-planted sunflower variety officially registered in Morocco,although efforts to release additional tolerant varieties are underway.This study evaluated 31 genotypes(MGB1to MGB31)selected from various environments under autumn planting conditions and conserved in the Moroccan Gene Bank.These genotypes were planted in early winter at a mountainous site known for its pronounced winter cold.Eighteen Morphological,physiological and agronomic parameters including initial vigor,leaf area,seed yield,oil content etc.,were assessed using both univariate and multivariate statistical approaches.Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences across most traits,indicating substantial genetic variation.Notably,seed oil content ranged from 23.28%(MGB26)to 43.88%(MGB5),and seed yield from1400 kg/ha(MGB7)to 5400 kg/ha(MGB8).Principal component analysis(PCA)identified that the first principal component,accounting for over 24%of the total phenotypic variance,exhibits a strong positive loading of yield-related traits and chlorophyll content,while displaying a pronounced negative loading for oil content variables.This opposing gradient indicates a clear trade-off between vegetative productivity and oil accumulation across the evaluated genotypes.Hierarchical cluster analysis resolved the germplasm into two principal clusters with high within-group similarity,each further partitioned into relatively homogeneous subgroups.Notably,several genotypes outperformed the control variety Ichraq,underscoring their potential for autumn or early winter cultivation.Nonetheless,essential multi-environment trials remain to validate their phenotypic stability and to ascertain their value as genetic resources for sunflower breeding programs in Morocco and other Mediterranean agro-ecosystems.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075137)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515140161)+3 种基金the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(2021JJB 110003)the Dongguan Science and Technology of Social Development Program(20231800936312)the high-level talent program of Dongguan University of Technology(No.221110080)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202103014).
文摘Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in demand.In this work,we proposed a novel approach named multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform to identify living Bacillus spores within a single-cell resolution.The multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform was created by combining single-cell Raman spectroscopy,convolutional neural network(CNN),and multi-head self-attention mechanism.To address the limited size of the original spectra dataset,Gaussian noise-based spectra augmentation was employed to increase the number of single-cell Raman spectra datasets for CNN training.Owing to the assistance of both spectra augmentation and multi-head self-attention mechanism,the obtained prediction accuracy of five Bacillus spore species was further improved from 92.29±0.82%to 99.43±0.15%.To figure out the spectra differences covered by the multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided CNN,the relative classification weight from typical Raman bands was visualized via multi-head self-attention mechanism curve.In the process of spectra augmentation from 0 to 1000,the distribution of relative classification weight varied from a discrete state to a more concentrated phase.More importantly,these highlighted four Raman bands(1017,1449,1576,and 1660 cm^(-1))were assigned large weights,showing that the spectra differences in the Raman bands produced the largest contribution to prediction accuracy.It can be foreseen that,our proposed sorting platform has great potential in accurately identifying Bacillus and its related genera species at a single-cell level.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32201304)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412022QD026)。
文摘Human-modified landscapes serve as ecological filters,determining species distributions and persistence.Energy-efficient technologies,while crucial for climate change mitigation,represent novel filters whose impacts on synanthropic biodiversity are poorly understood.We investigated how attached sunspaces,a widely adopted energy-saving technology in rural China,filter the distribution of two ecologically important aerial insectivores,the Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica)and Red-rumped Swallow(Cecropis daurica).We surveyed 106 villages during the 2024 and 2025 breeding seasons and recorded a total of 2323 nests(612 Barn Swallow,1711 Red-rumped Swallow).Using Generalized Linear Models,we assessed their responses to building characteristics,landscape composition and the prevalence of sunspaces.Barn Swallow nests preferred perches at the base and single attachment faces,while Red-rumped Swallow nests favored multiple attachment faces and avoided long shelters.The proportion of buildings with sunspaces acted as a strong positive filter for Barn Swallow nest abundance(+24%)but as a significant negative filter for Red-rumped Swallow(-51%).Other landscape variables(e.g.,human population density,NDVI,Human Footprint Index)were not significant.This study demonstrates that specific architectural innovations can act as powerful ecological filters,leading to divergent distributional outcomes for sympatric species reliant on anthropogenic structures.Our findings reveal a critical trade-off in sustainable development:energy efficiency gains may inadvertently reduce habitat suitability for certain species.To reconcile climate and biodiversity goals in rural landscapes,we advocate integrating species-specific habitat requirements into building design.We propose actionable modifications to sunspaces to support swallows without compromising energy savings.These principles provide a template for mitigating the distributional impacts of green infrastructure globally.
