Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining...Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.展开更多
The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is re...The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is required from tectonothermal events to drive the release and circulation of radiogenic helium in the continental crust.Here we apply statistical analysis on geochemical data observed in thermal springs and recorded heat flow to account for crustal helium mass balance for each tectonothermal event in the region.Our results demonstrate anomalously high heat flow~64-99 mW/m^(2) with a consistent trend of helium isotopic ratio and fluid chemistry in the Rukwa Rift.Mass balance calculation show that the whole crustal volume underlying the East Africa Helium Pool(EAHP)has a capability of producing radiogenic helium of about 9.9×10^(6) mol/yr(22×10^(-6) mol 4He/m^(2) yr)while the total radiogenic helium flux ranges between~2.39×10^(6) mol/yr and~2.68×10^(9) mol/yr.The Tanzania Craton contributes largely to radiogenic helium releasing up to 50% of the total capacity in the region.The total ^(4)He emission in the Rukwa Rift Basin is about 4.45×10^(5)-5.01×10^(8) mol/yr which is thus equivalent to 19%-21% of the total production capacity in the region.These results imply that the helium accumulation in the EAHP would have started as early as Paleoproterozoic(2.349 Ga).These results provide a qualitative and quantitative insight to assess both helium and geothermal potentiality in the region.展开更多
Low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs)are one of the solidification defects in single-crystal nickel-based superalloys and are detrimental to the mechanical properties.The formation of LAGBs is related to dendrite deformat...Low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs)are one of the solidification defects in single-crystal nickel-based superalloys and are detrimental to the mechanical properties.The formation of LAGBs is related to dendrite deformation,while the mechanism has not been fully understood at the mesoscale.In this work,a model coupling dendrite growth,thermal-solutal-fluid flow,thermal stress and flow-induced dendrite deformation via cellular automaton-finite volume method and finite element method is developed to study the formation of LAGBs in single crystal superalloys.Results reveal that the bending of dendrites is primarily attributed to the thermal-solutal convection-induced dendrite deformation.The mechanical stress of dendrite deformation develops and stabilises as solidification proceeds.As the width of the mushy zone gets stable,stresses are built up and then dendritic elastoplastic bending occurs at some thin primary dendrites with the wider inter-dendritic space.There are three characteristic zones of stress distribution along the solidification direction:(i)no stress concentration in the fully solidified regions;(ii)stress developing in the primary dendrite bridging region,and(iii)stress decrease in the inter-dendritic uncontacted zone.The stresses reach maximum near the initial dendrite bridging position.The lower temperature gradients,the finer primary dendritic trunks and sudden reductions in local dendritic trunk radius jointly promote the elastoplastic deformation of the dendrites.Corresponding measures are suggested to reduce LAGBs.展开更多
This study reviews light-responsive polymers in various applications,including drug delivery,information storage,sensor,self-healing material,antibacterial or anti-fouling,and environmental applications.Light-responsi...This study reviews light-responsive polymers in various applications,including drug delivery,information storage,sensor,self-healing material,antibacterial or anti-fouling,and environmental applications.Light-responsive polymers are a new material type being developed for various medical,electronics,engineering,and environmental applications.The working principle of light-responsive materials is based on metalligand interactions or non-covalent interactions between polymer functional groups,metal ions,and other filler functional groups.Light irradiation causes physical and mechanical changes in drug delivery and antibacterial systems,which results in the materials releasing more drugs or antibacterial substances.When materials in information storage devices and sensors are exposed to light,they can change color or glow.This has been applied for data storage to reveal QR codes under UV light.Additionally,this review discusses the thermodynamic aspects and computer modeling of light-responsive materials to emphasize the importance and development of these materials.Finally,light-responsive polymer development for various applications is presented.展开更多
Global marine ecosystems are signiicantly endangered by microplastic pollution,leading to comprehensive investigations into its distribution and impacts on the health of ecosystem.This research employs the Alseamar Au...Global marine ecosystems are signiicantly endangered by microplastic pollution,leading to comprehensive investigations into its distribution and impacts on the health of ecosystem.This research employs the Alseamar Autonomous Underwater Vehicle(AUV)known as Glider to investigate microplastic concentrations within the Al Hoceima Marine Protected Area(MPA).Our objective is to identify spatial patterns that reveal pollution hotspots and furnish data for targeted conservation efforts and pollution prevention.We aim to identify regions with elevated microplastic concentrations by meticulously analyzing microplastic level graphs,with a speciic focus on temporal variations.The results reveal notable patterns,such as increased densities aroundishing harbors and near urban centers,potentially linked to anthropogenic activities.Additionally,we observe variations in pollution levels throughout different glider operation cycles,underscoring the importance of understanding the spatio‑temporal dynamics of microplastic distribution.Al Hoceima Marine protected areas exhibiting lower microplastic concentrations illustrate the eficacy of such zones in alleviating pollution impacts,thereby underscoring the signiicance of conservation efforts in safeguarding marine biodiversity and ecosystem resilience.Ultimately,our research enhances our comprehension of the pressures exerted by humans on marine environments and underscores the necessity of proactive conservation measures to shield marine ecosystems from the threats posed by microplastic pollution.展开更多
Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of waters.However,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer...Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of waters.However,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer and ion transport kinetics due to weak turbulence and low electric intensity in flow electrodes,both restricted by the current collectors.Herein,a new tip-array current collector(designated as T-CC)was developed to replace the conventional planar current collectors,which intensifies both the charge transfer and ion transport significantly.The effects of tip arrays on flow and electric fields were studied by both computational simulations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,which revealed the reduction of ion transport barrier,charge transport barrier and internal resistance.With the voltage increased from 1.0 to 1.5 and 2.0 V,the T-CC-based FCDI system(T-FCDI)exhibited average salt removal rates(ASRR)of 0.18,0.50,and 0.89μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),respectively,which are 1.82,2.65,and 2.48 folds higher than that of the conventional serpentine current collectors,and 1.48,1.67,and 1.49 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Meanwhile,with the solid content in flow electrodes increased from 1 to 5 wt%,the ASRR for T-FCDI increased from 0.29 to 0.50μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),which are 1.70 and 1.67 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Additionally,a salt removal efficiency of 99.89%was achieved with T-FCDI and the charge efficiency remained above 95%after 24 h of operation,thus showing its superior long-term stability.展开更多
Hydrogen fuel cell ships are one of the key solutions to achieving zero carbon emissions in shipping.Multi-fuel cell stacks(MFCS)systems are frequently employed to fulfill the power requirements of high-load power equ...Hydrogen fuel cell ships are one of the key solutions to achieving zero carbon emissions in shipping.Multi-fuel cell stacks(MFCS)systems are frequently employed to fulfill the power requirements of high-load power equipment on ships.Compared to single-stack system,MFCS may be difficult to apply traditional energy management strategies(EMS)due to their complex structure.In this paper,a two-layer power allocation strategy for MFCS of a hydrogen fuel cell ship is proposed to reduce the complexity of the allocation task by splitting it into each layer of the EMS.The first layer of the EMSis centered on the Nonlinear Model Predictive Control(NMPC).The Northern Goshawk Optimization(NGO)algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear optimization problem in NMPC,and the local fine search is performed using sequential quadratic programming(SQP).Based on the power allocation results of the first layer,the second layer is centered on a fuzzy rule-based adaptive power allocation strategy(AP-Fuzzy).The membership function bounds of the fuzzy controller are related to the aging level of the MFCS.The Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the residual membership function to improve the performance of the proposed strategy.The effectiveness of the proposed EMS is verified by comparing it with the traditional EMS.The experimental results show that the EMS proposed in this paper can ensure reasonable hydrogen consumption,slow down the FC aging and equalize its performance,effectively extend the system life,and ensure that the ship has good endurance after completing the mission.展开更多
Battery health evaluation and management are vital for the long-term reliability and optimal performance of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)offers valuable insight...Battery health evaluation and management are vital for the long-term reliability and optimal performance of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)offers valuable insights into battery degradation analysis and modeling.However,previous studies have not adequately addressed the impedance uncertainties,particularly during battery operating conditions,which can substantially impact the robustness and accuracy of state of health(SOH)estimation.Motivated by this,this paper proposes a comprehensive feature optimization scheme that integrates impedance validity assessment with correlation analysis.By utilizing metrics such as impedance residuals and correlation coefficients,the proposed method effectively filters out invalid and insignificant impedance data,thereby enhancing the reliability of the input features.Subsequently,the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)modeling framework is constructed for estimating the battery degradation trajectories.The XGBoost model incorporates a diverse range of hyperparameters,optimized by a genetic algorithm to improve its adaptability and generalization performance.Experimental validation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed feature optimization scheme,demonstrating the superior estimation performance of the proposed method in comparison with four baseline techniques.展开更多
Track finding is a complex optimization problem,originally introduced in particle physics for the reconstruction of the trajectories of particles.A track is typically composed of several consecutive segments,which tog...Track finding is a complex optimization problem,originally introduced in particle physics for the reconstruction of the trajectories of particles.A track is typically composed of several consecutive segments,which together form a smooth curve without any bifurcations.In this paper,we investigate various modeling approaches to assess their effectiveness and impact when applied to track finding,using both quantum and classical methods.We present implementations of three classical models using CPLEX,two quantum models on actual D-Wave quantum computers,and one quantummodel on a D-Wave simulator.The results show that,while CPLEX provides better results than D-Wave on small instances,D-Wave is able to propose solutions in shorter computation times for large instances,although the gap with the optimal solution tends to increase.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first numerical study comparing a non-quantum approach based on classical algorithms(Simplex and Branch and Bound)used in commercial software with a quantum approach offered by D-Wave.The results do not show the quantum supremacy typically expected,but they do demonstrate that quantum solutions can be competitive with classical approaches,and even more efficient than some classical modeling and solving methods.展开更多
Gain-of-function mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR) genes lead to chondrodysplasia and craniosynostoses. FGFR signaling has a key role in the formation and repair of the craniofacial skeleton. Here, ...Gain-of-function mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR) genes lead to chondrodysplasia and craniosynostoses. FGFR signaling has a key role in the formation and repair of the craniofacial skeleton. Here, we analyzed the impact of Fgfr2- and Fgfr3- activating mutations on mandibular bone formation and endochondral bone repair after non-stabilized mandibular fractures in mouse models of Crouzon syndrome(Crz) and hypochondroplasia(Hch).展开更多
This review examines the state-of-the-art in spatial manipulation of ultrafast laser processing using dynamic light modulators,with a particular focus on liquid crystal-based systems.We discuss phase modulation strate...This review examines the state-of-the-art in spatial manipulation of ultrafast laser processing using dynamic light modulators,with a particular focus on liquid crystal-based systems.We discuss phase modulation strategies and highlight the current limitations and challenges in surface and bulk processing.Specifically,we emphasize the delicate balance between high-fidelity beam shaping and energy efficiency,both critical for surface and bulk processing applications.Given the inherent physical limitations of spatial light modulators such as spatial resolution,fill factor,and phase modulation range.We explore techniques developed to bridge the gap between desired intensity distributions and actual experimental beam profiles.We present various laser light modulation technologies and the main algorithmic strategies for obtaining modulation patterns.The paper includes application examples across a wide range of fields,from surgery to surface structuring,cutting,bulk photo-inscription of optical functions,and additive manufacturing,highlighting the significant enhancements in processing speed and precision due to spatial beam shaping.The diverse applications and the technological limitations underscore the need for adapted modulation pattern calculation methods.We discuss several advancements addressing these challenges,involving both experimental and algorithmic developments,including the recent incorporation of artificial intelligence.Additionally,we cover recent progress in phase and pulse front control based on spatial modulators,which introduces an extra control parameter for light excitation with high potential for achieving more controlled processing outcomes.展开更多
The effect of iron concentration on the microstructural and structural properties of ZnO for electrolysis and photodetector applications was investigated.The thin layers of un-doped and doped ZnO with different percen...The effect of iron concentration on the microstructural and structural properties of ZnO for electrolysis and photodetector applications was investigated.The thin layers of un-doped and doped ZnO with different percentages of Fe(2,4,and 6 wt.%)were deposited by spin-coating on glass substrates.Sample characterization was done by X-ray diffraction(XRD),atomic force microscopy(AFM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),UV−Vis absorption spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Structural measurements by XRD showed that all the layers were composed of polycrystallines with a hexagonal Wurtzite structure.Two new peaks were also discovered after the doping process belonging to the Fe_(2)O_(4)(400)and(440)crystal phase.Morphological analysis showed that the surface roughness values of ZnO layers ranged between 8 and 45 nm.XPS studies confirmed the presence of Fe in 3+states in ZnO layers.An average transmittance of 90%was measured by UV−Vis in the wavelength range of 200−900 nm.The values of the energy gap(Eg)decreased with an increase in the concentration of Fe.AFM topography results confirmed that ZnO-based thin layers had a relatively uniform surface.The efficiency of these samples has been confirmed for their use in many electrical applications,including photodetectors and electrolysis of contaminated solutions.展开更多
This paper investigates the application of Direct Current Atmospheric Plasma Spraying(DC-APS)as a versatile thermal spray technique for the application of coatings with tailored properties to various substrates.The pr...This paper investigates the application of Direct Current Atmospheric Plasma Spraying(DC-APS)as a versatile thermal spray technique for the application of coatings with tailored properties to various substrates.The process uses a high-speed,high-temperature plasma jet to melt and propel the feedstock powder particles,making it particularly useful for improving the performance and durability of components in renewable energy systems such as solar cells,wind turbines,and fuel cells.The integration of nanostructured alumina(Al_(2)O_(3))thin films into multilayer coatings is considered a promising advancement that improves mechanical strength,thermal stability,and environmental resistance.The study highlights the importance of understanding injection parameters and their impact on coating properties and uses simulation tools such as the Jets&Poudres(JP)code for in-depth analysis.Furthermore,the paper discusses the implementation of Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)to optimize the coating process by predicting flight characteristics and improving operating conditions.The results show that ANN models are effective in achieving highly accurate prediction values,highlighting the potential of AI in improving thermal spray technology.展开更多
Electrocatalytic C–N coupling technology offers a promising route for green and sustainable urea synthesis.However,this route faces challenges of low urea yield and Faradaic efficiency due to the high dissociation en...Electrocatalytic C–N coupling technology offers a promising route for green and sustainable urea synthesis.However,this route faces challenges of low urea yield and Faradaic efficiency due to the high dissociation energy of atomic bonds in reactants,complex reaction intermediates,high reaction energy barriers,and competing side reactions.As C–N coupling involves the synergistic action of two or more active sites,it is crucial to develop efficient multi-active-site catalysts to address these challenges.This review analyzes the reaction mechanisms of electrocatalytic C–N coupling for urea synthesis and summarizes effective strategies to achieve multi-active-site catalysts,including heteroatom doping,defect engineering,heterojunctions,and diatomic catalysts.Furthermore,based on this analysis,we propose the universal design principles for high-efficiency multi-activesite catalysts.展开更多
Animal species exhibit a wide range of coloration and patterns,which are under strong selection and often linked to individual quality,influencing mate choice,recognition,signaling,and interspecific interactions such ...Animal species exhibit a wide range of coloration and patterns,which are under strong selection and often linked to individual quality,influencing mate choice,recognition,signaling,and interspecific interactions such as predator avoidance.In amphibians,coloration can vary based on individual traits as well as environmental conditions,including the coloration of their environment.In this study,we described the dorsal coloration(body coloration reticulated by dark patches)in 676 Western spadefoot toads(Pelobates cultripes)from the French Atlantic coast,comparing color variations across different substrates.In addition,we assessed color change in 18 toads transferred between bright and dark substrates.We demonstrated that the dorsal coloration varies based on capture locations(beach vs.inland)and associated substrate types(bright vs.dark),suggesting background color matching.We showed more pronounced effects in females,which might reflect varying predation risks.Experimentally,we showed that individuals can rapidly adjust their coloration to match the substrate within 24 h.Rapid color changes in response to substrate type indicate significant pigmentation plasticity.Bright individuals from sandy substrates showed less dorsal background(body)color change than dark inland individuals,while patch coloration responded differently depending on the substrate of origin.These findings highlight the complex interactions between substrate type,sex,and pigmentation plasticity.These interactions have potential costs and benefits,which might be linked to melanin production,which warrant further investigation.展开更多
Cet article propose une analyse séparée puis combinée de trois procédures administratives qui servent de référence pour cartographier les communesàrisque inondation en France hexagon...Cet article propose une analyse séparée puis combinée de trois procédures administratives qui servent de référence pour cartographier les communesàrisque inondation en France hexagonale(i.e.,les arrêtés de catastrophes naturelles(CatNat),les Dossiers Départementaux des Risques Majeurs(DDRM)et les Plans de Prévention du Risque Inondation(PPRi)).Deux questions sont posées:quels enseignements peut-on tirer de l’analyse de la couverture spatiale de chacune des procédures,et en les combinant,peut-on voir des effets de seuils ou des jeux d’échelle?Si les arrêtés CatNat sont révélateurs d’une saisonnalitédes inondations et d’une amplification de la sinistralitédepuis 2023,ces arrêtés sont aussi fortement reliésàl’existence d’un PPRI ou d’un DDRM.Pour autant,certaines communes sont dotées d’un PPRI ou visées par un DDRM alors qu’elles n’ont jamaisétéreconnues enétat de catastrophe naturelle.L’enjeu pour nos futures recherches est donc de fixer des seuils pour aboutiràune carte de synthèse,prenant en compte les spécificités locales du risque et de réduire les incertitudes inhérentesàchacune des procédures..展开更多
基金funded on the one hand by Agence de l'Innovation de Défense(AID)grant reference number 2021650044on the other hand by Ecole Centrale de Nantes。
文摘Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.
基金funded by United Kingdom Commonwealth Scholarship Commission。
文摘The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is required from tectonothermal events to drive the release and circulation of radiogenic helium in the continental crust.Here we apply statistical analysis on geochemical data observed in thermal springs and recorded heat flow to account for crustal helium mass balance for each tectonothermal event in the region.Our results demonstrate anomalously high heat flow~64-99 mW/m^(2) with a consistent trend of helium isotopic ratio and fluid chemistry in the Rukwa Rift.Mass balance calculation show that the whole crustal volume underlying the East Africa Helium Pool(EAHP)has a capability of producing radiogenic helium of about 9.9×10^(6) mol/yr(22×10^(-6) mol 4He/m^(2) yr)while the total radiogenic helium flux ranges between~2.39×10^(6) mol/yr and~2.68×10^(9) mol/yr.The Tanzania Craton contributes largely to radiogenic helium releasing up to 50% of the total capacity in the region.The total ^(4)He emission in the Rukwa Rift Basin is about 4.45×10^(5)-5.01×10^(8) mol/yr which is thus equivalent to 19%-21% of the total production capacity in the region.These results imply that the helium accumulation in the EAHP would have started as early as Paleoproterozoic(2.349 Ga).These results provide a qualitative and quantitative insight to assess both helium and geothermal potentiality in the region.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52074182,52304406 and U23A20612)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant Nos.22ZR1430700 and 23TS1401900)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017-VII-0008-0102)Neng Ren acknowledges the Startup Fund for Young Faculty at SJTU.
文摘Low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs)are one of the solidification defects in single-crystal nickel-based superalloys and are detrimental to the mechanical properties.The formation of LAGBs is related to dendrite deformation,while the mechanism has not been fully understood at the mesoscale.In this work,a model coupling dendrite growth,thermal-solutal-fluid flow,thermal stress and flow-induced dendrite deformation via cellular automaton-finite volume method and finite element method is developed to study the formation of LAGBs in single crystal superalloys.Results reveal that the bending of dendrites is primarily attributed to the thermal-solutal convection-induced dendrite deformation.The mechanical stress of dendrite deformation develops and stabilises as solidification proceeds.As the width of the mushy zone gets stable,stresses are built up and then dendritic elastoplastic bending occurs at some thin primary dendrites with the wider inter-dendritic space.There are three characteristic zones of stress distribution along the solidification direction:(i)no stress concentration in the fully solidified regions;(ii)stress developing in the primary dendrite bridging region,and(iii)stress decrease in the inter-dendritic uncontacted zone.The stresses reach maximum near the initial dendrite bridging position.The lower temperature gradients,the finer primary dendritic trunks and sudden reductions in local dendritic trunk radius jointly promote the elastoplastic deformation of the dendrites.Corresponding measures are suggested to reduce LAGBs.
基金the Franco-Thai Cooperation Programme in Higher Education and Research(Franco-Thai Mobility Programme/PHC SIAM)Year 2024-2025。
文摘This study reviews light-responsive polymers in various applications,including drug delivery,information storage,sensor,self-healing material,antibacterial or anti-fouling,and environmental applications.Light-responsive polymers are a new material type being developed for various medical,electronics,engineering,and environmental applications.The working principle of light-responsive materials is based on metalligand interactions or non-covalent interactions between polymer functional groups,metal ions,and other filler functional groups.Light irradiation causes physical and mechanical changes in drug delivery and antibacterial systems,which results in the materials releasing more drugs or antibacterial substances.When materials in information storage devices and sensors are exposed to light,they can change color or glow.This has been applied for data storage to reveal QR codes under UV light.Additionally,this review discusses the thermodynamic aspects and computer modeling of light-responsive materials to emphasize the importance and development of these materials.Finally,light-responsive polymer development for various applications is presented.
文摘Global marine ecosystems are signiicantly endangered by microplastic pollution,leading to comprehensive investigations into its distribution and impacts on the health of ecosystem.This research employs the Alseamar Autonomous Underwater Vehicle(AUV)known as Glider to investigate microplastic concentrations within the Al Hoceima Marine Protected Area(MPA).Our objective is to identify spatial patterns that reveal pollution hotspots and furnish data for targeted conservation efforts and pollution prevention.We aim to identify regions with elevated microplastic concentrations by meticulously analyzing microplastic level graphs,with a speciic focus on temporal variations.The results reveal notable patterns,such as increased densities aroundishing harbors and near urban centers,potentially linked to anthropogenic activities.Additionally,we observe variations in pollution levels throughout different glider operation cycles,underscoring the importance of understanding the spatio‑temporal dynamics of microplastic distribution.Al Hoceima Marine protected areas exhibiting lower microplastic concentrations illustrate the eficacy of such zones in alleviating pollution impacts,thereby underscoring the signiicance of conservation efforts in safeguarding marine biodiversity and ecosystem resilience.Ultimately,our research enhances our comprehension of the pressures exerted by humans on marine environments and underscores the necessity of proactive conservation measures to shield marine ecosystems from the threats posed by microplastic pollution.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20230808105111022,JCYJ20220818095806013)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(2023A1515012267)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178223)the Royal Society/NSFC cost share program(IEC\NSFC\223372).
文摘Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of waters.However,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer and ion transport kinetics due to weak turbulence and low electric intensity in flow electrodes,both restricted by the current collectors.Herein,a new tip-array current collector(designated as T-CC)was developed to replace the conventional planar current collectors,which intensifies both the charge transfer and ion transport significantly.The effects of tip arrays on flow and electric fields were studied by both computational simulations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,which revealed the reduction of ion transport barrier,charge transport barrier and internal resistance.With the voltage increased from 1.0 to 1.5 and 2.0 V,the T-CC-based FCDI system(T-FCDI)exhibited average salt removal rates(ASRR)of 0.18,0.50,and 0.89μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),respectively,which are 1.82,2.65,and 2.48 folds higher than that of the conventional serpentine current collectors,and 1.48,1.67,and 1.49 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Meanwhile,with the solid content in flow electrodes increased from 1 to 5 wt%,the ASRR for T-FCDI increased from 0.29 to 0.50μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),which are 1.70 and 1.67 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Additionally,a salt removal efficiency of 99.89%was achieved with T-FCDI and the charge efficiency remained above 95%after 24 h of operation,thus showing its superior long-term stability.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4301403).
文摘Hydrogen fuel cell ships are one of the key solutions to achieving zero carbon emissions in shipping.Multi-fuel cell stacks(MFCS)systems are frequently employed to fulfill the power requirements of high-load power equipment on ships.Compared to single-stack system,MFCS may be difficult to apply traditional energy management strategies(EMS)due to their complex structure.In this paper,a two-layer power allocation strategy for MFCS of a hydrogen fuel cell ship is proposed to reduce the complexity of the allocation task by splitting it into each layer of the EMS.The first layer of the EMSis centered on the Nonlinear Model Predictive Control(NMPC).The Northern Goshawk Optimization(NGO)algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear optimization problem in NMPC,and the local fine search is performed using sequential quadratic programming(SQP).Based on the power allocation results of the first layer,the second layer is centered on a fuzzy rule-based adaptive power allocation strategy(AP-Fuzzy).The membership function bounds of the fuzzy controller are related to the aging level of the MFCS.The Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the residual membership function to improve the performance of the proposed strategy.The effectiveness of the proposed EMS is verified by comparing it with the traditional EMS.The experimental results show that the EMS proposed in this paper can ensure reasonable hydrogen consumption,slow down the FC aging and equalize its performance,effectively extend the system life,and ensure that the ship has good endurance after completing the mission.
文摘Battery health evaluation and management are vital for the long-term reliability and optimal performance of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)offers valuable insights into battery degradation analysis and modeling.However,previous studies have not adequately addressed the impedance uncertainties,particularly during battery operating conditions,which can substantially impact the robustness and accuracy of state of health(SOH)estimation.Motivated by this,this paper proposes a comprehensive feature optimization scheme that integrates impedance validity assessment with correlation analysis.By utilizing metrics such as impedance residuals and correlation coefficients,the proposed method effectively filters out invalid and insignificant impedance data,thereby enhancing the reliability of the input features.Subsequently,the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)modeling framework is constructed for estimating the battery degradation trajectories.The XGBoost model incorporates a diverse range of hyperparameters,optimized by a genetic algorithm to improve its adaptability and generalization performance.Experimental validation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed feature optimization scheme,demonstrating the superior estimation performance of the proposed method in comparison with four baseline techniques.
文摘Track finding is a complex optimization problem,originally introduced in particle physics for the reconstruction of the trajectories of particles.A track is typically composed of several consecutive segments,which together form a smooth curve without any bifurcations.In this paper,we investigate various modeling approaches to assess their effectiveness and impact when applied to track finding,using both quantum and classical methods.We present implementations of three classical models using CPLEX,two quantum models on actual D-Wave quantum computers,and one quantummodel on a D-Wave simulator.The results show that,while CPLEX provides better results than D-Wave on small instances,D-Wave is able to propose solutions in shorter computation times for large instances,although the gap with the optimal solution tends to increase.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first numerical study comparing a non-quantum approach based on classical algorithms(Simplex and Branch and Bound)used in commercial software with a quantum approach offered by D-Wave.The results do not show the quantum supremacy typically expected,but they do demonstrate that quantum solutions can be competitive with classical approaches,and even more efficient than some classical modeling and solving methods.
基金National Research Agency under the Investments for the Future program (ANR-10-IAHU-01)Filière Nationale TeteCou for financial support。
文摘Gain-of-function mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR) genes lead to chondrodysplasia and craniosynostoses. FGFR signaling has a key role in the formation and repair of the craniofacial skeleton. Here, we analyzed the impact of Fgfr2- and Fgfr3- activating mutations on mandibular bone formation and endochondral bone repair after non-stabilized mandibular fractures in mouse models of Crouzon syndrome(Crz) and hypochondroplasia(Hch).
基金supported by the French ANRT agence nationale de la recherche technologique under the CIFRE conventions industrielles de formation par la recherche framework.
文摘This review examines the state-of-the-art in spatial manipulation of ultrafast laser processing using dynamic light modulators,with a particular focus on liquid crystal-based systems.We discuss phase modulation strategies and highlight the current limitations and challenges in surface and bulk processing.Specifically,we emphasize the delicate balance between high-fidelity beam shaping and energy efficiency,both critical for surface and bulk processing applications.Given the inherent physical limitations of spatial light modulators such as spatial resolution,fill factor,and phase modulation range.We explore techniques developed to bridge the gap between desired intensity distributions and actual experimental beam profiles.We present various laser light modulation technologies and the main algorithmic strategies for obtaining modulation patterns.The paper includes application examples across a wide range of fields,from surgery to surface structuring,cutting,bulk photo-inscription of optical functions,and additive manufacturing,highlighting the significant enhancements in processing speed and precision due to spatial beam shaping.The diverse applications and the technological limitations underscore the need for adapted modulation pattern calculation methods.We discuss several advancements addressing these challenges,involving both experimental and algorithmic developments,including the recent incorporation of artificial intelligence.Additionally,we cover recent progress in phase and pulse front control based on spatial modulators,which introduces an extra control parameter for light excitation with high potential for achieving more controlled processing outcomes.
基金the support received from the Researchers Supporting Project(No.RSP2024R404),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘The effect of iron concentration on the microstructural and structural properties of ZnO for electrolysis and photodetector applications was investigated.The thin layers of un-doped and doped ZnO with different percentages of Fe(2,4,and 6 wt.%)were deposited by spin-coating on glass substrates.Sample characterization was done by X-ray diffraction(XRD),atomic force microscopy(AFM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),UV−Vis absorption spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Structural measurements by XRD showed that all the layers were composed of polycrystallines with a hexagonal Wurtzite structure.Two new peaks were also discovered after the doping process belonging to the Fe_(2)O_(4)(400)and(440)crystal phase.Morphological analysis showed that the surface roughness values of ZnO layers ranged between 8 and 45 nm.XPS studies confirmed the presence of Fe in 3+states in ZnO layers.An average transmittance of 90%was measured by UV−Vis in the wavelength range of 200−900 nm.The values of the energy gap(Eg)decreased with an increase in the concentration of Fe.AFM topography results confirmed that ZnO-based thin layers had a relatively uniform surface.The efficiency of these samples has been confirmed for their use in many electrical applications,including photodetectors and electrolysis of contaminated solutions.
文摘This paper investigates the application of Direct Current Atmospheric Plasma Spraying(DC-APS)as a versatile thermal spray technique for the application of coatings with tailored properties to various substrates.The process uses a high-speed,high-temperature plasma jet to melt and propel the feedstock powder particles,making it particularly useful for improving the performance and durability of components in renewable energy systems such as solar cells,wind turbines,and fuel cells.The integration of nanostructured alumina(Al_(2)O_(3))thin films into multilayer coatings is considered a promising advancement that improves mechanical strength,thermal stability,and environmental resistance.The study highlights the importance of understanding injection parameters and their impact on coating properties and uses simulation tools such as the Jets&Poudres(JP)code for in-depth analysis.Furthermore,the paper discusses the implementation of Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)to optimize the coating process by predicting flight characteristics and improving operating conditions.The results show that ANN models are effective in achieving highly accurate prediction values,highlighting the potential of AI in improving thermal spray technology.
基金supported by Foshan Xianhu Laboratory Project(No.XHD2024–31000000–06)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2024A1515140005,2024B1515120017)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22308070).
文摘Electrocatalytic C–N coupling technology offers a promising route for green and sustainable urea synthesis.However,this route faces challenges of low urea yield and Faradaic efficiency due to the high dissociation energy of atomic bonds in reactants,complex reaction intermediates,high reaction energy barriers,and competing side reactions.As C–N coupling involves the synergistic action of two or more active sites,it is crucial to develop efficient multi-active-site catalysts to address these challenges.This review analyzes the reaction mechanisms of electrocatalytic C–N coupling for urea synthesis and summarizes effective strategies to achieve multi-active-site catalysts,including heteroatom doping,defect engineering,heterojunctions,and diatomic catalysts.Furthermore,based on this analysis,we propose the universal design principles for high-efficiency multi-activesite catalysts.
基金Funding was provided by the CNRS,La Rochelle Université,the LPO,the Agence de l’Eau Adour-Garonne,the Conseil Départemental de la Charente-Maritime,the ANR PAMPAS(ANR-18-CE32-0006)the Beauval Nature association,the Contrat de plan Etat-région Econat and the Région Nouvelle Aquitaine(Projet d’Observatoire du Marais de Brouage-PSGAR CRNA 2025).
文摘Animal species exhibit a wide range of coloration and patterns,which are under strong selection and often linked to individual quality,influencing mate choice,recognition,signaling,and interspecific interactions such as predator avoidance.In amphibians,coloration can vary based on individual traits as well as environmental conditions,including the coloration of their environment.In this study,we described the dorsal coloration(body coloration reticulated by dark patches)in 676 Western spadefoot toads(Pelobates cultripes)from the French Atlantic coast,comparing color variations across different substrates.In addition,we assessed color change in 18 toads transferred between bright and dark substrates.We demonstrated that the dorsal coloration varies based on capture locations(beach vs.inland)and associated substrate types(bright vs.dark),suggesting background color matching.We showed more pronounced effects in females,which might reflect varying predation risks.Experimentally,we showed that individuals can rapidly adjust their coloration to match the substrate within 24 h.Rapid color changes in response to substrate type indicate significant pigmentation plasticity.Bright individuals from sandy substrates showed less dorsal background(body)color change than dark inland individuals,while patch coloration responded differently depending on the substrate of origin.These findings highlight the complex interactions between substrate type,sex,and pigmentation plasticity.These interactions have potential costs and benefits,which might be linked to melanin production,which warrant further investigation.
文摘Cet article propose une analyse séparée puis combinée de trois procédures administratives qui servent de référence pour cartographier les communesàrisque inondation en France hexagonale(i.e.,les arrêtés de catastrophes naturelles(CatNat),les Dossiers Départementaux des Risques Majeurs(DDRM)et les Plans de Prévention du Risque Inondation(PPRi)).Deux questions sont posées:quels enseignements peut-on tirer de l’analyse de la couverture spatiale de chacune des procédures,et en les combinant,peut-on voir des effets de seuils ou des jeux d’échelle?Si les arrêtés CatNat sont révélateurs d’une saisonnalitédes inondations et d’une amplification de la sinistralitédepuis 2023,ces arrêtés sont aussi fortement reliésàl’existence d’un PPRI ou d’un DDRM.Pour autant,certaines communes sont dotées d’un PPRI ou visées par un DDRM alors qu’elles n’ont jamaisétéreconnues enétat de catastrophe naturelle.L’enjeu pour nos futures recherches est donc de fixer des seuils pour aboutiràune carte de synthèse,prenant en compte les spécificités locales du risque et de réduire les incertitudes inhérentesàchacune des procédures..
