Introduction:Diabetes mellitus(DM),a metabolic disorder,leads to organ damage due to chronic hyperglycemia with multiple pathogenic processes.Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)poses risks to mothers and offspring,incr...Introduction:Diabetes mellitus(DM),a metabolic disorder,leads to organ damage due to chronic hyperglycemia with multiple pathogenic processes.Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)poses risks to mothers and offspring,increasing the incidence of structural congenital heart disease(CHD)and myocardial hypertrophy in newborns.Objective:This review aimed to examine the association between maternal diabetes mellitus and CHD.Methods:This systematic review used the STROBE and TRIPOD checklists registered in PROSPERO(CRD42024513858).It focused on diagnostic test accuracy using the Munn et al.protocol for systematic assessment,emphasizing the“PIRD”:Population,Index Test,Reference Test,Diagnosis of Interest.This review aimed the following PIRD model question:‘Does diabetic pregnant woman inffuence in fetal cardiac malformation?’using PRISMA 2020 statement.A systematic review was conducted on 19 October 2023 in the following databases:PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase(Elsevier),CINAHL(EBSCO),Scopus(Elsevier),Web of Science(Clarivate Analytics),LILACS,and SciELO.Only articles in English,Spanish,and Portuguese languages were selected.Results:Seven studies between 2018 and 2023 were selected.The studies differed in terms of the cardiac ultrasound parameters used to assess CHD and diagnose diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.They highlight the importance of fetal echocardiography in detecting CHD prenatally and assessing the impact of diabetes mellitus on fetal cardiac health,recommending proactive care planning and early intervention for better outcomes.Conclusions:The studies highlight the impact of maternal diabetes mellitus,particularly GDM,on fetal cardiac development and support early detection by fetal echocardiography.Standardization and collaboration are essential to reffne management and outcomes in high-risk pregnancies.展开更多
Renewable energies are highly dependent on local weather conditions, with photovoltaic energy being particularly affected by intermittent clouds. Anticipating the impact of cloud shadows on power plants is crucial, as...Renewable energies are highly dependent on local weather conditions, with photovoltaic energy being particularly affected by intermittent clouds. Anticipating the impact of cloud shadows on power plants is crucial, as clouds can cause partial shading, excessive irradiation, and operational issues. This study focuses on analyzing cloud tracking methods for short-term forecasts, aiming to mitigate such impacts. We conducted a systematic literature review, highlighting the most significant articles on cloud tracking from ground-based observations. We explore both traditional image processing techniques and advances in deep learning models. Additionally, we discuss current challenges and future research directions in this rapidly evolving field, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art and identify opportunities for significant advancements in the next generation of cloud tracking systems based on computer vision and deep learning.展开更多
In recent years, there has been a growing concern about potential impacts on public health and wellbeing due to exposure to environmental odour. Separation distances between odour-emitting sources and residential area...In recent years, there has been a growing concern about potential impacts on public health and wellbeing due to exposure to environmental odour. Separation distances between odour-emitting sources and residential areas can be calculated using dispersion models, as a means of protecting the neighbourhood from odour annoyance. This study investigates the suitability of using one single year of meteorological input data to calculate reliable direction-dependent separation distances. Accordingly, we assessed and quantified the inter-annual variability of separation distances at two sites with different meteorological conditions, one in Brazil and the other in Austria. A 5-year dataset of hourly meteorological observations was used for each site. Two odour impact criteria set in current regulations were selected to explore their effect on the separation distances. The coefficient of variation was used as a statistical measure to characterise the amount of annual variation. Overall,for all scenarios, the separation distances had a low degree of inter-annual variability(mean coefficient of variation values from 8% to 21%). Reasonable agreements from year to year were therefore observed at the two sites under investigation, showing that one year of meteorological data is a good compromise to achieve reliable accuracy. This finding can provide a more cost-effective solution to calculate separation distances in the vicinity of odour sources.展开更多
In this work,variable aspect ratio（length divided by diameter） zinc oxide nanorods were synthesized through a simple solochemical method by reacting a Zn2+precursor with sodium hydroxide at low reaction temperatures...In this work,variable aspect ratio（length divided by diameter） zinc oxide nanorods were synthesized through a simple solochemical method by reacting a Zn2+precursor with sodium hydroxide at low reaction temperatures.The analysis of the X-ray diffraction data indicated that the samples had hexagonal wurtzite structure and nanometric size crystallites.The transmission electron microscopy（TEM） images of the products prepared at60 and 80 ℃ exhibited rod-like architecture,showing that the reaction temperature did not affect the ZnO morphology.The average aspect ratio of the ZnO nanorods decreased from 3.4 to 2.4 when the reaction temperature was raised from 60 to 80 ℃.The samples presented a blue shift in the excitonic absorption compared to ZnO bulk that increased alongside with reaction temperature.In addition,this research investigated the results obtained by varying the concentration of zinc chloride solution.At the same temperature,it could be verified that when the zinc concentration was increased,the diameter of the ZnO nanorods also slightly increased,and much shorter nanorods were achieved,especially in the reactions performed at 50 and 70 ℃.Finally,the growth mechanism of the ZnO nanostructures was proposed based on the results obtained by changing the zinc precursor concentration and reaction temperature.展开更多
Little is known about the morphology and location of macromolecules, especially proteins and carbohydrates, in vegetative and reproductive structures of mangrove species, including Bostrychia radicans. Therefore, to g...Little is known about the morphology and location of macromolecules, especially proteins and carbohydrates, in vegetative and reproductive structures of mangrove species, including Bostrychia radicans. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of tetrasporogenesis in B. radicans, cytochemical, structural and ultrastructual analyses were performed. Thalli were collected from mangroves in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Fertile branches were fixed and processed for light microscopy (LM), confocal microcopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The LM sections were stained with toluidine blue, periodic acid-Schiff and Coomassie brilliant blue. Tetrasporogenesis occurs in the pericentral cells of the terminal branches. This process is initially characterized by an increase in cell volume, resulting from the proliferation of organelles. The young tetrasporangia remain connected to the basal cell by pit connections. After a considerable increase in volume, the tetrasporocytes divide tetrahedrally, giving rise to haploid spores. During this process, there is an increasing production of starch grains, causing the organelles to group. As the organelles proliferate, the plasma membrane undergoes simultaneous invaginations toward the tetrasporangium center. The most conspicuous organelle throughout tetrasporogenesis was the Golgi complex. Polysaccharidic components are predominant in the tetrasporangium cell wall throughout tetrasporogenesis. Although protein components prevail in the cytoplasm of younger tetrasporangia, there is a predominance of reserve material with maturation. In the initial phase, there is an increase in the number of chloroplasts and a significant increment of Golgi bodies which contribute to the formation of the amorphous portion of the cell wall and possibly the biosynthesis of starch grains.展开更多
For human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients, the 1990s were marked by the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) representing a new perspective of life for these patients. The use of H...For human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients, the 1990s were marked by the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) representing a new perspective of life for these patients. The use of HAART was shown to effectively suppress the replication of HIV-1 and dramatically reduce mortality and morbidity, which led to a better and longer quality of life for HIV-1-infected patients. Apart from the substantial benefits that result from the use of various HAART regimens, laboratory and clinical experience has shown that HAART can induce severe and considerable adverse effects related to metabolic complications of lipid metabolism, characterized by signs of lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, central adiposity, dyslipidemia, increased risk of cardiovascular disease and even an increased risk of atherosclerosis. New drugs are being studied, new therapeutic strategies are being implemented, and the use of statins, fibrates, and inhibitors of intestinal cholesterol absorption have been effective alternatives. Changes in diet and lifestyle have also shown satisfactory results.展开更多
DC plasma is a very promising technology for processing different materials, and is becoming especially interesting when low environmental impact and high-performance treatments are needed. Some of the intrinsic chara...DC plasma is a very promising technology for processing different materials, and is becoming especially interesting when low environmental impact and high-performance treatments are needed. Some of the intrinsic characteristics of DC plasma technology, which make it suitable for powder metallurgy （PM） and powder injection molding （PIM） parts production, are low- pressure processing and plasma environment high reactivity. Moreover it can be considered as a highly competitive green technology. In this work, an overview of some of the important DC plasma techniques applied to PM and PIM parts processing is presented. Emphasis is given to the descriptions of the main characteristics and the technique potentials of plasma-assisted nitriding, plasma-assisted thermal debinding, plasma-assisted sintering, and simultaneously plasma-assisted sintering and surface alloying. The aspects presented and discussed in this paper indicate that DC plasma processes are promising and competitive techniques for PM and PIM parts processing.展开更多
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal processing, press throughput and roller-die gap on pellet physical quality, protein solubility and starch gelatinization in a corn-soybean based broiler diet. ...The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal processing, press throughput and roller-die gap on pellet physical quality, protein solubility and starch gelatinization in a corn-soybean based broiler diet. The different processing factors were combined in a 2 × 5 × 3 factorial arrangement with eight randomized block consisting of eight production series： two thermal processing treatments （conditioning-pelleting or conditioning-expanding-pelleting）, five press throughput levels （18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 ton/h） and three roller-die gap （0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mm）, which resulted in 30 different processed feeds. For determination of pellet durability index （PDI）, amount of intact pellets, degree of starch gelatinization and protein solubility, one composed feed sample was collected per treatment in each of eight production series, totaling eight replicates per treatment. Data concerning the amount of intact pellet and protein solubility in KOH were transformed using a variation of Box-Cox transformation in order to fit a normal distribution （P 〉 0.05）. Pellet physical quality was enhanced by conditioning-expanding treatment （P 〈 0.01）, narrower roller-die-gap （P 〈 0.01） and reduced press throughput （P 〈 0.01）. Protein solubility in KOH was impaired （P 〈 0.01） in the expander treatment and larger roller-die distance （0.75 mm and 1.00 mm） （P 〈 0.01）. Finally, greater starch gelatinization degree was achieved in expanded treatment （P 〈 0.01） and in 1.00 mm roller-die gap （P 〈 0.05）. The factors evaluated in this study resulted in interactions and significant effects on physicochemical properties of broiler feed pellets.展开更多
From a point of magmatic view,the rupturing Gondwana Supercontinent is registered on the South American shelf in continental flood basalts,mafic dyke swarms,basins rift and,to a lesser extent,by intrusions alkaline.Am...From a point of magmatic view,the rupturing Gondwana Supercontinent is registered on the South American shelf in continental flood basalts,mafic dyke swarms,basins rift and,to a lesser extent,by intrusions alkaline.Among those展开更多
The SPAD reading may be used in estimating total nitrogen content (N) in leaves and even in estimating grape yield in grapevines. The objective of this study was to estimate total N content in leaves and grape yield u...The SPAD reading may be used in estimating total nitrogen content (N) in leaves and even in estimating grape yield in grapevines. The objective of this study was to estimate total N content in leaves and grape yield using the SPAD-502 in grapevines submitted to nitrogen fertilization in soils with clayey and sandy texture. In 2008, two experiments were installed in the Southern region of Brazil. In experiment 1, Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines were planted in a soil with clayey texture and with application of 10, 20, 40 and 80 kg·N·ha-1·year-1. In experiment 2, Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines were planted in a soil with sandy texture and with the application of 0, 10, 15, 20, 40, 80 and 120 kg·N·ha-1·year-1. In the grapevines of the two experiments and during the period from 2008 to 2010, SPAD readings were made on leaves throughout the flowering period and at change in color of the berries using the portable chlorophyll meter Minolta-SPAD-502. The leaves were collected, dried, ground and submitted to analysis of the total N content. In addition, grape yield per hectare was evaluated. The SPAD-502 readings estimated the total N content in flowering and at change in color of the berries in the Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines grown on soils with clayey texture and sandy texture, especially in the first year of evaluation. However, the precision of the SPAD-502 readings is low, with there being no relationship between the SPAD-502 readings and grape yield.展开更多
This work studies the influence of anisothermal iron sintering process on hollow cathode discharge characteristics. Two independent cathodes form an annular discharge. The pressed cylindrical iron powder sample, actin...This work studies the influence of anisothermal iron sintering process on hollow cathode discharge characteristics. Two independent cathodes form an annular discharge. The pressed cylindrical iron powder sample, acting as central cathode, was placed concentrically in the interior of an external cathode. The external cathode, machined from an AISI 310 steel bar, besides acting to confine the geometry of the plasma, can also acts as a source of alloying elements. The sample heating is a function of the ion bombardment energy and, so, of the discharge electrical parameters: current (or current density) and the effective potential applied to the cathode. Successive anisothermal sintering is performed in a same sample until the reproducibility of the electrical parameters being obtained. The heating experiments up to 1250 °C, in a gas mixture of 80% Ar + 20% H2, at pressure of 133 Pa, at flow of 2xlO"6 mV, with an inter-cathode radial space of 5.8 mm, were carried out. It was verified the metallurgical evolution of the iron sample sintering process influences the current-?0n (time switched-on of the pulse) characteristics of the discharge.展开更多
Since the half of the XX century,attention was given to the instability of structures under parametric excitation,especially under periodic loads.On the other hand,the instability of bars subjected to axial loads of i...Since the half of the XX century,attention was given to the instability of structures under parametric excitation,especially under periodic loads.On the other hand,the instability of bars subjected to axial loads of impulsive type has been little studied,in spite of the practical importance of the topic.Thus,in Engineering Design it is frequently supposed,without tests or additional verifications,that an axial load of short duration can exceed the Euler critical load of the bar without inducing damage in the same.Within this context,this paper proposes the use of the truss-like Discrete Element Method(DEM)for determining the dynamic response of elastic straight bars subjected to axial loads defined by pulses of short duration.The proposed approach allows the consideration of initial imperfections,as well as large displacements and other non-linear effects.The influence of the pulse duration and other effects in the response of the bar are also evaluated.Initially,the performance of the proposed methodology is verified in static and dynamic instability problems of homogeneous bars without geometrical imperfections,by comparing the DEM results with analytical solutions available in the literature.After that,the DEM is employed to analyze more complex cases,including bars with initial imperfections and non-homogeneous bars,in which material properties,as Young’s modulus and mass density,are assumed to be correlated Gaussian random fields.The proposed methodology has proven to be a useful and easy tool for analysis of dynamic instability of bars and could therefore be used by designers for estimating the dynamic buckling load.展开更多
<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Satellite imagery is used for many activities in different areas of the planet, including searching for alternative and sustainabl...<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Satellite imagery is used for many activities in different areas of the planet, including searching for alternative and sustainable sources to meet growing energy demand to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One way to minimize these effects and expand energy parks is to encourage local generation through the use of renewable sources, such as solar energy, which is free and affordable in many regions of the planet, but that in Brazil is not yet a reality. In order to make an assertive decision when installing a solar power system, one needs to use tools that involve remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS), and compile information and variables that are relevant to the subject of solar power generation and take into account the inherent geographic space. In this context, the main objective of this work is to develop a GIS model to identify areas with solar potential on a regional scale using active remote sensor images and previously available solar models. To validate the model, this study used an area on the island part of the city of Florianópolis in Santa Catarina State</span></span></span></a><span><span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">—</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Brazil, which suffers from repeated climatic events which cause long power cuts, as its distribution occurs by air all over the island. Through the “solar analist” function of ArcGIS and the matrix bases derived from the Digital Model of the Space Shuttle Topography Mission (SRTM) with 30 m of spatial resolution and the supervised classification of panthromatic and multispectral images fused from LandSat 8 satellite, were generates indicative maps of the areas with solar potential. The results pointed to a high solar potential in the all year and that could be better explored by public managers and also by individual consumers.</span></span></span></span> </p>展开更多
Nineteen fungal strains were isolated from a chicken slaughterhouse effluent and within those, only one showed high values of lipolytic activity in submerged cultures. This fungus was identified as Trametes hirsuta. T...Nineteen fungal strains were isolated from a chicken slaughterhouse effluent and within those, only one showed high values of lipolytic activity in submerged cultures. This fungus was identified as Trametes hirsuta. The crude extract was immobilized in chitosan/clay beads, with an immobilization yield of 80.9%. The analyses of the crude extract and the immobilized derivative at different temperatures, pH (s), solvents, metallic ions and storage showed that the immobilization process increased the enzyme life span. Ethyl esters were obtained in solvent free systems using chicken viscera oil and the enzyme crude extract. For effective comparison, a reaction using viscera oil and commercial lipase Novozym 435 was carried out. The result revealed 35% and 28% esters conversion in the reactions containing chicken viscera oil, using Novozym 435 and the crude extract respectively. The extract was also used in a reaction with soybean oil, traditionally used as starting substrate for biodiesel production.展开更多
The objective of this work was to estimate the antioxidant potential of the extracts from pink shrimp residue and red grape pomaces (Merlot and Syrah varietals), evaluated according to its antioxidant activity with di...The objective of this work was to estimate the antioxidant potential of the extracts from pink shrimp residue and red grape pomaces (Merlot and Syrah varietals), evaluated according to its antioxidant activity with different analytical methods, associating these properties with the chemical composition of the extract and, as a consequence, with the extraction procedure. The shrimp residue was pre-treated combining cooking, drying, and milling, whereas the grape pomaces were dried and ground. The shrimp residue extracts were obtained by Soxhlet (SOX) and by maceration using hexane (Hx), hexane: isopropanol (50:50) (Hx:IPA), isopropanol, ethanol (EtOH) and acetone as solvents;by ultrasonic maceration (UME) with EtOH;by cold and hot oil extraction with soy and sunflower oils;and by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) with pure CO2 (100 -?300 bar;313.15 -?333.15 K) and with co-solvent (Hx: IPA and sunflower oil at 2%). The grape pomaces extracts were obtained by SOX using EtOH, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and Hx;UME with water (H2O), EtOH, EtOAc and Hx;and by SFE performed with pure CO2 (150 -?300 bar;323.15 -?333.15 K) and with cosolvent (EtOH at 15%). The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH free radical scavenging procedure and by the β-carotene bleaching method. Higher antioxidant activities in shrimp residue extracts were observed by the β-carotene bleaching method in alcoholic and cetonic extracts, among the low pressure extraction methods, while for the SFE, the higher activities were achieved by the extracts obtained at elevated pressures. For the grape pomaces extracts, the best results were obtained by the DPPH method from the low pressure extractions proceeded with EtOH. The SFE with Merlot pomace at 323.15 K/150 bar (the lowest temperature and pressures tested) presented the best antioxidant activity by the β-carotene bleaching.展开更多
Hydroelectric power plants cause impacts that are usually estimated by an indicator, the hydroelectric power generation per hectare of flooded area. And, although entrepreneurs use quality-declared cartographic bases ...Hydroelectric power plants cause impacts that are usually estimated by an indicator, the hydroelectric power generation per hectare of flooded area. And, although entrepreneurs use quality-declared cartographic bases to comply with the standards, at the project stages of a hydroelectric plant it is not a priori determined whether the altimetry tolerance of such bases is sufficient to ensure that the impacts will not increase, which in the project consolidation becomes a huge problem. This work aims to define the altimetry quality of SRTM Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and ASTER GDEM and whether they are a priori sufficient to simulate the flood level of hydroelectric power plants in different reliefs. To accomplish this objective, a morphological method of assessment of the DEM quality was developed, through Geographic Information Systems (GIS), so that the altimetry information generated by the models and field surveys, when compared, would show their actual differences also in relation to their areas. To this end, two study areas were used: one with a slightly undulated relief and the other with undulated relief. To validate the models, quality assessments were carried out: based on points, according to the Brazilian Map Accuracy Standard (MAS) and STANAG 2215;and based on surfaces, according to Article 500 of the Brazilian Civil Code and the morphological method. At the end, practical applications relating to the M&P indicator and hydroelectric power plants projects were also carried out. The results presented demonstrate that the quality of an SRTM DEM when used in undulating or gently undulating reliefs can be used up to 1:80,000 scale. Already for DEM ASTER under the same conditions, it is possible to use on the scale 1:100,000. In DEM SRTM and DEM ASTER, after removing the systematic error (−7.3 m) and (−6.2 m), respectively, the quality between 65% and 79% is verified for DEM SRTM and 53%, and 68% for DEM ASTER for common areas in flood level simulation.展开更多
The carotenoid composition of the silk tissue of Zea mays (L.) has not been investigated despite its large occurrence in maize grains. For the purpose of evaluating maize silk as a source of carotenoids, samples from ...The carotenoid composition of the silk tissue of Zea mays (L.) has not been investigated despite its large occurrence in maize grains. For the purpose of evaluating maize silk as a source of carotenoids, samples from eight landraces developed and cultivated in Southern Brazil were assayed. The silk samples were harvested from individual plants through the fourth and seventh day after they emerged, frozen in liquid N2, and lyophilized. The carotenoids were extracted with a MeOH/toluene solution (1:1, v/v), 30 min, and saponified (15% KOH, 12 h, 40℃). The RP-HPLC-UV-visible analysis revealed lutein as the main carotenoid (88.75%) in maize silks, with a wide range of contents (dry weight), i.e. 39.11 ?g?g-1 (Palha Roxa 18) to 176.12 ?g?g-1 (Língua de Papagaio) among the studied genotypes. Smaller amounts of trans-β-carotene, α-carotene, and zeaxanthin were also detected. The results revealed that in parallel to the claimed high genetic variability of maize landraces, a quite variable carotenoidic composition of silk tissue seems to occur in the germoplasm cultivated in Southern Brazil. Taking into account the usage of lutein for the prevention of several pathologies, especially the age related macular degeneration, some maize landraces (e.g. Língua de Papagaio and Rosado) might be interesting sources of a lutein-rich extract that could add value to an underutilized biomass.展开更多
In order to reduce the effort in the integration and actualization of heterogeneous healthcare legacy systems that should share a common database, we propose the creation of an interoperability bus using the HL7 stand...In order to reduce the effort in the integration and actualization of heterogeneous healthcare legacy systems that should share a common database, we propose the creation of an interoperability bus using the HL7 standard—the HL7Middleware. This interoperability bus is an intermediate layer responsible for the communication between a database, health information systems and medical equipment, called HL7Server. Connected systems use the HL7 messaging semantics to store and retrieve data from the database. We validate our approach with respect to two different criteria: performance and integration costs. Benchmark tests were executed with and without the use of HL7Middleware and with different network bandwidths. These results demonstrated that the performance of the interoperability bus is higher when compared to traditional database access for larger volumes of data and when the bandwidth of the user is considerably lower than the bandwidth of the connection between HL7Server and database. The overall development and deployment cost was considered low and the reusability degree of wrapper code was considered high, thus suggesting a progressive reduction of the integration costs of additional services and subsystems of an organization.展开更多
Various conditions affecting nerve cells and the nervous system due to the loss of neurons and their connecting networks are described under the superordinate phrase“Neurodegenerative diseases”.Such diseases lead to...Various conditions affecting nerve cells and the nervous system due to the loss of neurons and their connecting networks are described under the superordinate phrase“Neurodegenerative diseases”.Such diseases lead to disability due to gradual neuronal death in both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.While many of these diseases have unknown causes,sometimes these are due to medical conditions such as alcoholism,a tumor,or a stroke,or other causes which may include genetic mutations,toxins,chemicals,and viruses.展开更多
文摘Introduction:Diabetes mellitus(DM),a metabolic disorder,leads to organ damage due to chronic hyperglycemia with multiple pathogenic processes.Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)poses risks to mothers and offspring,increasing the incidence of structural congenital heart disease(CHD)and myocardial hypertrophy in newborns.Objective:This review aimed to examine the association between maternal diabetes mellitus and CHD.Methods:This systematic review used the STROBE and TRIPOD checklists registered in PROSPERO(CRD42024513858).It focused on diagnostic test accuracy using the Munn et al.protocol for systematic assessment,emphasizing the“PIRD”:Population,Index Test,Reference Test,Diagnosis of Interest.This review aimed the following PIRD model question:‘Does diabetic pregnant woman inffuence in fetal cardiac malformation?’using PRISMA 2020 statement.A systematic review was conducted on 19 October 2023 in the following databases:PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase(Elsevier),CINAHL(EBSCO),Scopus(Elsevier),Web of Science(Clarivate Analytics),LILACS,and SciELO.Only articles in English,Spanish,and Portuguese languages were selected.Results:Seven studies between 2018 and 2023 were selected.The studies differed in terms of the cardiac ultrasound parameters used to assess CHD and diagnose diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.They highlight the importance of fetal echocardiography in detecting CHD prenatally and assessing the impact of diabetes mellitus on fetal cardiac health,recommending proactive care planning and early intervention for better outcomes.Conclusions:The studies highlight the impact of maternal diabetes mellitus,particularly GDM,on fetal cardiac development and support early detection by fetal echocardiography.Standardization and collaboration are essential to reffne management and outcomes in high-risk pregnancies.
文摘Renewable energies are highly dependent on local weather conditions, with photovoltaic energy being particularly affected by intermittent clouds. Anticipating the impact of cloud shadows on power plants is crucial, as clouds can cause partial shading, excessive irradiation, and operational issues. This study focuses on analyzing cloud tracking methods for short-term forecasts, aiming to mitigate such impacts. We conducted a systematic literature review, highlighting the most significant articles on cloud tracking from ground-based observations. We explore both traditional image processing techniques and advances in deep learning models. Additionally, we discuss current challenges and future research directions in this rapidly evolving field, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art and identify opportunities for significant advancements in the next generation of cloud tracking systems based on computer vision and deep learning.
基金supported by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES,Ministry of Education,Brazil)within the Programa Geral de Cooperacao Internacional(PGCI)(No.88881.117633/2016-01)
文摘In recent years, there has been a growing concern about potential impacts on public health and wellbeing due to exposure to environmental odour. Separation distances between odour-emitting sources and residential areas can be calculated using dispersion models, as a means of protecting the neighbourhood from odour annoyance. This study investigates the suitability of using one single year of meteorological input data to calculate reliable direction-dependent separation distances. Accordingly, we assessed and quantified the inter-annual variability of separation distances at two sites with different meteorological conditions, one in Brazil and the other in Austria. A 5-year dataset of hourly meteorological observations was used for each site. Two odour impact criteria set in current regulations were selected to explore their effect on the separation distances. The coefficient of variation was used as a statistical measure to characterise the amount of annual variation. Overall,for all scenarios, the separation distances had a low degree of inter-annual variability(mean coefficient of variation values from 8% to 21%). Reasonable agreements from year to year were therefore observed at the two sites under investigation, showing that one year of meteorological data is a good compromise to achieve reliable accuracy. This finding can provide a more cost-effective solution to calculate separation distances in the vicinity of odour sources.
基金supported by Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (LCME) of UFSCthe financial support of CAPES - PNPD 001/2010
文摘In this work,variable aspect ratio（length divided by diameter） zinc oxide nanorods were synthesized through a simple solochemical method by reacting a Zn2+precursor with sodium hydroxide at low reaction temperatures.The analysis of the X-ray diffraction data indicated that the samples had hexagonal wurtzite structure and nanometric size crystallites.The transmission electron microscopy（TEM） images of the products prepared at60 and 80 ℃ exhibited rod-like architecture,showing that the reaction temperature did not affect the ZnO morphology.The average aspect ratio of the ZnO nanorods decreased from 3.4 to 2.4 when the reaction temperature was raised from 60 to 80 ℃.The samples presented a blue shift in the excitonic absorption compared to ZnO bulk that increased alongside with reaction temperature.In addition,this research investigated the results obtained by varying the concentration of zinc chloride solution.At the same temperature,it could be verified that when the zinc concentration was increased,the diameter of the ZnO nanorods also slightly increased,and much shorter nanorods were achieved,especially in the reactions performed at 50 and 70 ℃.Finally,the growth mechanism of the ZnO nanostructures was proposed based on the results obtained by changing the zinc precursor concentration and reaction temperature.
文摘Little is known about the morphology and location of macromolecules, especially proteins and carbohydrates, in vegetative and reproductive structures of mangrove species, including Bostrychia radicans. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of tetrasporogenesis in B. radicans, cytochemical, structural and ultrastructual analyses were performed. Thalli were collected from mangroves in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Fertile branches were fixed and processed for light microscopy (LM), confocal microcopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The LM sections were stained with toluidine blue, periodic acid-Schiff and Coomassie brilliant blue. Tetrasporogenesis occurs in the pericentral cells of the terminal branches. This process is initially characterized by an increase in cell volume, resulting from the proliferation of organelles. The young tetrasporangia remain connected to the basal cell by pit connections. After a considerable increase in volume, the tetrasporocytes divide tetrahedrally, giving rise to haploid spores. During this process, there is an increasing production of starch grains, causing the organelles to group. As the organelles proliferate, the plasma membrane undergoes simultaneous invaginations toward the tetrasporangium center. The most conspicuous organelle throughout tetrasporogenesis was the Golgi complex. Polysaccharidic components are predominant in the tetrasporangium cell wall throughout tetrasporogenesis. Although protein components prevail in the cytoplasm of younger tetrasporangia, there is a predominance of reserve material with maturation. In the initial phase, there is an increase in the number of chloroplasts and a significant increment of Golgi bodies which contribute to the formation of the amorphous portion of the cell wall and possibly the biosynthesis of starch grains.
基金financially supported in the our laboratory with resources from The National Council of Technological and Scientific Developmentthe State of Sao Paulo Research Foundationthe National Institute of Science and Technology of Complex Fluids.
文摘For human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients, the 1990s were marked by the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) representing a new perspective of life for these patients. The use of HAART was shown to effectively suppress the replication of HIV-1 and dramatically reduce mortality and morbidity, which led to a better and longer quality of life for HIV-1-infected patients. Apart from the substantial benefits that result from the use of various HAART regimens, laboratory and clinical experience has shown that HAART can induce severe and considerable adverse effects related to metabolic complications of lipid metabolism, characterized by signs of lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, central adiposity, dyslipidemia, increased risk of cardiovascular disease and even an increased risk of atherosclerosis. New drugs are being studied, new therapeutic strategies are being implemented, and the use of statins, fibrates, and inhibitors of intestinal cholesterol absorption have been effective alternatives. Changes in diet and lifestyle have also shown satisfactory results.
文摘DC plasma is a very promising technology for processing different materials, and is becoming especially interesting when low environmental impact and high-performance treatments are needed. Some of the intrinsic characteristics of DC plasma technology, which make it suitable for powder metallurgy （PM） and powder injection molding （PIM） parts production, are low- pressure processing and plasma environment high reactivity. Moreover it can be considered as a highly competitive green technology. In this work, an overview of some of the important DC plasma techniques applied to PM and PIM parts processing is presented. Emphasis is given to the descriptions of the main characteristics and the technique potentials of plasma-assisted nitriding, plasma-assisted thermal debinding, plasma-assisted sintering, and simultaneously plasma-assisted sintering and surface alloying. The aspects presented and discussed in this paper indicate that DC plasma processes are promising and competitive techniques for PM and PIM parts processing.
文摘The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal processing, press throughput and roller-die gap on pellet physical quality, protein solubility and starch gelatinization in a corn-soybean based broiler diet. The different processing factors were combined in a 2 × 5 × 3 factorial arrangement with eight randomized block consisting of eight production series： two thermal processing treatments （conditioning-pelleting or conditioning-expanding-pelleting）, five press throughput levels （18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 ton/h） and three roller-die gap （0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mm）, which resulted in 30 different processed feeds. For determination of pellet durability index （PDI）, amount of intact pellets, degree of starch gelatinization and protein solubility, one composed feed sample was collected per treatment in each of eight production series, totaling eight replicates per treatment. Data concerning the amount of intact pellet and protein solubility in KOH were transformed using a variation of Box-Cox transformation in order to fit a normal distribution （P 〉 0.05）. Pellet physical quality was enhanced by conditioning-expanding treatment （P 〈 0.01）, narrower roller-die-gap （P 〈 0.01） and reduced press throughput （P 〈 0.01）. Protein solubility in KOH was impaired （P 〈 0.01） in the expander treatment and larger roller-die distance （0.75 mm and 1.00 mm） （P 〈 0.01）. Finally, greater starch gelatinization degree was achieved in expanded treatment （P 〈 0.01） and in 1.00 mm roller-die gap （P 〈 0.05）. The factors evaluated in this study resulted in interactions and significant effects on physicochemical properties of broiler feed pellets.
文摘From a point of magmatic view,the rupturing Gondwana Supercontinent is registered on the South American shelf in continental flood basalts,mafic dyke swarms,basins rift and,to a lesser extent,by intrusions alkaline.Among those
基金To the CAPES Foundation(Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education)for fi-nancing the project“Prediction of fertilization in grape-vines with the aim of quality grapes and wines in the southern region of Brazil”(National Post Doctorate Pro-gram-PNPD 2007,public notice 034/2007)and for the Post Doctorate fellowship which was granted to the first,second and fifth authorsTo Fapergs(Research Support Foundation of Rio Grande do Sul)for the financial assis-tance(Process no.0903999)To Embrapa Uva e Vinho and the Citrosul company for making vineyards available for performance of the experiments.
文摘The SPAD reading may be used in estimating total nitrogen content (N) in leaves and even in estimating grape yield in grapevines. The objective of this study was to estimate total N content in leaves and grape yield using the SPAD-502 in grapevines submitted to nitrogen fertilization in soils with clayey and sandy texture. In 2008, two experiments were installed in the Southern region of Brazil. In experiment 1, Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines were planted in a soil with clayey texture and with application of 10, 20, 40 and 80 kg·N·ha-1·year-1. In experiment 2, Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines were planted in a soil with sandy texture and with the application of 0, 10, 15, 20, 40, 80 and 120 kg·N·ha-1·year-1. In the grapevines of the two experiments and during the period from 2008 to 2010, SPAD readings were made on leaves throughout the flowering period and at change in color of the berries using the portable chlorophyll meter Minolta-SPAD-502. The leaves were collected, dried, ground and submitted to analysis of the total N content. In addition, grape yield per hectare was evaluated. The SPAD-502 readings estimated the total N content in flowering and at change in color of the berries in the Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines grown on soils with clayey texture and sandy texture, especially in the first year of evaluation. However, the precision of the SPAD-502 readings is low, with there being no relationship between the SPAD-502 readings and grape yield.
文摘This work studies the influence of anisothermal iron sintering process on hollow cathode discharge characteristics. Two independent cathodes form an annular discharge. The pressed cylindrical iron powder sample, acting as central cathode, was placed concentrically in the interior of an external cathode. The external cathode, machined from an AISI 310 steel bar, besides acting to confine the geometry of the plasma, can also acts as a source of alloying elements. The sample heating is a function of the ion bombardment energy and, so, of the discharge electrical parameters: current (or current density) and the effective potential applied to the cathode. Successive anisothermal sintering is performed in a same sample until the reproducibility of the electrical parameters being obtained. The heating experiments up to 1250 °C, in a gas mixture of 80% Ar + 20% H2, at pressure of 133 Pa, at flow of 2xlO"6 mV, with an inter-cathode radial space of 5.8 mm, were carried out. It was verified the metallurgical evolution of the iron sample sintering process influences the current-?0n (time switched-on of the pulse) characteristics of the discharge.
文摘Since the half of the XX century,attention was given to the instability of structures under parametric excitation,especially under periodic loads.On the other hand,the instability of bars subjected to axial loads of impulsive type has been little studied,in spite of the practical importance of the topic.Thus,in Engineering Design it is frequently supposed,without tests or additional verifications,that an axial load of short duration can exceed the Euler critical load of the bar without inducing damage in the same.Within this context,this paper proposes the use of the truss-like Discrete Element Method(DEM)for determining the dynamic response of elastic straight bars subjected to axial loads defined by pulses of short duration.The proposed approach allows the consideration of initial imperfections,as well as large displacements and other non-linear effects.The influence of the pulse duration and other effects in the response of the bar are also evaluated.Initially,the performance of the proposed methodology is verified in static and dynamic instability problems of homogeneous bars without geometrical imperfections,by comparing the DEM results with analytical solutions available in the literature.After that,the DEM is employed to analyze more complex cases,including bars with initial imperfections and non-homogeneous bars,in which material properties,as Young’s modulus and mass density,are assumed to be correlated Gaussian random fields.The proposed methodology has proven to be a useful and easy tool for analysis of dynamic instability of bars and could therefore be used by designers for estimating the dynamic buckling load.
文摘<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Satellite imagery is used for many activities in different areas of the planet, including searching for alternative and sustainable sources to meet growing energy demand to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One way to minimize these effects and expand energy parks is to encourage local generation through the use of renewable sources, such as solar energy, which is free and affordable in many regions of the planet, but that in Brazil is not yet a reality. In order to make an assertive decision when installing a solar power system, one needs to use tools that involve remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS), and compile information and variables that are relevant to the subject of solar power generation and take into account the inherent geographic space. In this context, the main objective of this work is to develop a GIS model to identify areas with solar potential on a regional scale using active remote sensor images and previously available solar models. To validate the model, this study used an area on the island part of the city of Florianópolis in Santa Catarina State</span></span></span></a><span><span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">—</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Brazil, which suffers from repeated climatic events which cause long power cuts, as its distribution occurs by air all over the island. Through the “solar analist” function of ArcGIS and the matrix bases derived from the Digital Model of the Space Shuttle Topography Mission (SRTM) with 30 m of spatial resolution and the supervised classification of panthromatic and multispectral images fused from LandSat 8 satellite, were generates indicative maps of the areas with solar potential. The results pointed to a high solar potential in the all year and that could be better explored by public managers and also by individual consumers.</span></span></span></span> </p>
文摘Nineteen fungal strains were isolated from a chicken slaughterhouse effluent and within those, only one showed high values of lipolytic activity in submerged cultures. This fungus was identified as Trametes hirsuta. The crude extract was immobilized in chitosan/clay beads, with an immobilization yield of 80.9%. The analyses of the crude extract and the immobilized derivative at different temperatures, pH (s), solvents, metallic ions and storage showed that the immobilization process increased the enzyme life span. Ethyl esters were obtained in solvent free systems using chicken viscera oil and the enzyme crude extract. For effective comparison, a reaction using viscera oil and commercial lipase Novozym 435 was carried out. The result revealed 35% and 28% esters conversion in the reactions containing chicken viscera oil, using Novozym 435 and the crude extract respectively. The extract was also used in a reaction with soybean oil, traditionally used as starting substrate for biodiesel production.
文摘The objective of this work was to estimate the antioxidant potential of the extracts from pink shrimp residue and red grape pomaces (Merlot and Syrah varietals), evaluated according to its antioxidant activity with different analytical methods, associating these properties with the chemical composition of the extract and, as a consequence, with the extraction procedure. The shrimp residue was pre-treated combining cooking, drying, and milling, whereas the grape pomaces were dried and ground. The shrimp residue extracts were obtained by Soxhlet (SOX) and by maceration using hexane (Hx), hexane: isopropanol (50:50) (Hx:IPA), isopropanol, ethanol (EtOH) and acetone as solvents;by ultrasonic maceration (UME) with EtOH;by cold and hot oil extraction with soy and sunflower oils;and by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) with pure CO2 (100 -?300 bar;313.15 -?333.15 K) and with co-solvent (Hx: IPA and sunflower oil at 2%). The grape pomaces extracts were obtained by SOX using EtOH, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and Hx;UME with water (H2O), EtOH, EtOAc and Hx;and by SFE performed with pure CO2 (150 -?300 bar;323.15 -?333.15 K) and with cosolvent (EtOH at 15%). The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH free radical scavenging procedure and by the β-carotene bleaching method. Higher antioxidant activities in shrimp residue extracts were observed by the β-carotene bleaching method in alcoholic and cetonic extracts, among the low pressure extraction methods, while for the SFE, the higher activities were achieved by the extracts obtained at elevated pressures. For the grape pomaces extracts, the best results were obtained by the DPPH method from the low pressure extractions proceeded with EtOH. The SFE with Merlot pomace at 323.15 K/150 bar (the lowest temperature and pressures tested) presented the best antioxidant activity by the β-carotene bleaching.
文摘Hydroelectric power plants cause impacts that are usually estimated by an indicator, the hydroelectric power generation per hectare of flooded area. And, although entrepreneurs use quality-declared cartographic bases to comply with the standards, at the project stages of a hydroelectric plant it is not a priori determined whether the altimetry tolerance of such bases is sufficient to ensure that the impacts will not increase, which in the project consolidation becomes a huge problem. This work aims to define the altimetry quality of SRTM Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and ASTER GDEM and whether they are a priori sufficient to simulate the flood level of hydroelectric power plants in different reliefs. To accomplish this objective, a morphological method of assessment of the DEM quality was developed, through Geographic Information Systems (GIS), so that the altimetry information generated by the models and field surveys, when compared, would show their actual differences also in relation to their areas. To this end, two study areas were used: one with a slightly undulated relief and the other with undulated relief. To validate the models, quality assessments were carried out: based on points, according to the Brazilian Map Accuracy Standard (MAS) and STANAG 2215;and based on surfaces, according to Article 500 of the Brazilian Civil Code and the morphological method. At the end, practical applications relating to the M&P indicator and hydroelectric power plants projects were also carried out. The results presented demonstrate that the quality of an SRTM DEM when used in undulating or gently undulating reliefs can be used up to 1:80,000 scale. Already for DEM ASTER under the same conditions, it is possible to use on the scale 1:100,000. In DEM SRTM and DEM ASTER, after removing the systematic error (−7.3 m) and (−6.2 m), respectively, the quality between 65% and 79% is verified for DEM SRTM and 53%, and 68% for DEM ASTER for common areas in flood level simulation.
文摘The carotenoid composition of the silk tissue of Zea mays (L.) has not been investigated despite its large occurrence in maize grains. For the purpose of evaluating maize silk as a source of carotenoids, samples from eight landraces developed and cultivated in Southern Brazil were assayed. The silk samples were harvested from individual plants through the fourth and seventh day after they emerged, frozen in liquid N2, and lyophilized. The carotenoids were extracted with a MeOH/toluene solution (1:1, v/v), 30 min, and saponified (15% KOH, 12 h, 40℃). The RP-HPLC-UV-visible analysis revealed lutein as the main carotenoid (88.75%) in maize silks, with a wide range of contents (dry weight), i.e. 39.11 ?g?g-1 (Palha Roxa 18) to 176.12 ?g?g-1 (Língua de Papagaio) among the studied genotypes. Smaller amounts of trans-β-carotene, α-carotene, and zeaxanthin were also detected. The results revealed that in parallel to the claimed high genetic variability of maize landraces, a quite variable carotenoidic composition of silk tissue seems to occur in the germoplasm cultivated in Southern Brazil. Taking into account the usage of lutein for the prevention of several pathologies, especially the age related macular degeneration, some maize landraces (e.g. Língua de Papagaio and Rosado) might be interesting sources of a lutein-rich extract that could add value to an underutilized biomass.
文摘In order to reduce the effort in the integration and actualization of heterogeneous healthcare legacy systems that should share a common database, we propose the creation of an interoperability bus using the HL7 standard—the HL7Middleware. This interoperability bus is an intermediate layer responsible for the communication between a database, health information systems and medical equipment, called HL7Server. Connected systems use the HL7 messaging semantics to store and retrieve data from the database. We validate our approach with respect to two different criteria: performance and integration costs. Benchmark tests were executed with and without the use of HL7Middleware and with different network bandwidths. These results demonstrated that the performance of the interoperability bus is higher when compared to traditional database access for larger volumes of data and when the bandwidth of the user is considerably lower than the bandwidth of the connection between HL7Server and database. The overall development and deployment cost was considered low and the reusability degree of wrapper code was considered high, thus suggesting a progressive reduction of the integration costs of additional services and subsystems of an organization.
基金The present work was supported by CAPES-001(to PCLS).
文摘Various conditions affecting nerve cells and the nervous system due to the loss of neurons and their connecting networks are described under the superordinate phrase“Neurodegenerative diseases”.Such diseases lead to disability due to gradual neuronal death in both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.While many of these diseases have unknown causes,sometimes these are due to medical conditions such as alcoholism,a tumor,or a stroke,or other causes which may include genetic mutations,toxins,chemicals,and viruses.
