This article aims to analyze the repercussions of food trade between China and various regions of the world to understand the dynamics of food flows and offer a novel perspective on the contemporary globalization proc...This article aims to analyze the repercussions of food trade between China and various regions of the world to understand the dynamics of food flows and offer a novel perspective on the contemporary globalization process.Understanding these flows involves analyzing the global production and commercialization of food and the effects of these movements on exporting and importing countries in economic terms and food security.The concept of unequal caloric exchange is applied to the case of China,which allows for an understanding of how its economic growth and participation in international trade have transformed its global and internal commercial dynamics by establishing links with self-sufficiency and the composition of its population’s diet.The results show that China is increasingly dependent on international markets for its food supply.From 1961 to 2021,food consumption in China has tripled in calories and experienced qualitative changes,with a reduction in high-quality carbohydrates and vegetable proteins and an increase in cereals,vegetable oils,alcohol,and vegetables.This dietary transformation is related to economic growth and greater dependence on international trade.From 1987 to 2022,China has shown a growing deficit in the food trade balance,with imports exceeding exports in volume,value,and calories,although it maintains favorable terms of trade.Food self-sufficiency has decreased from 95%in 1961 to 76%in 2022,and the diet has diversified,replacing traditional foods with products demanded in international trade.展开更多
Direct propane dehydrogenation(DPDH)represents a highly attractive route for on-purpose propylene production,a key building block in the petrochemical industry.In particular,among various catalytic platforms,vanadium-...Direct propane dehydrogenation(DPDH)represents a highly attractive route for on-purpose propylene production,a key building block in the petrochemical industry.In particular,among various catalytic platforms,vanadium-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their tunable properties including redox ability,surface acidity,and resistance to coking.Although the catalytic community has obtained great achievement in this area,how to promote vanadium-based catalysts towards the next step in DPDH applications like industrial-level implementations is still challenging.Moreover,there are still several controversial theories in our community,meaning it is necessary to clarify these indistinct points to pave the way for the next generation of research.Herein,the pivotal modification strategies of vanadium-based catalysts have been summarized via introducing representative works.In addition,the current unclear mechanism and research gaps,especially in the issues of deactivation and selectivity control,are also revealed so that the potential research directions are well-founded proposed.By integrating fundamental understanding and practical considerations,this review aims to inspire the further development of vanadium-based DPDH catalysts for in-depth academic research and next-generation industrial deployment.展开更多
Spiking neural networks(SNNs)represent a biologically-inspired computational framework that bridges neuroscience and artificial intelligence,offering unique advantages in temporal data processing,energy efficiency,and...Spiking neural networks(SNNs)represent a biologically-inspired computational framework that bridges neuroscience and artificial intelligence,offering unique advantages in temporal data processing,energy efficiency,and real-time decision-making.This paper explores the evolution of SNN technologies,emphasizing their integration with advanced learning mechanisms such as spike-timing-dependent plasticity(STDP)and hybridization with deep learning architectures.Leveraging memristors as nanoscale synaptic devices,we demonstrate significant enhancements in energy efficiency,adaptability,and scalability,addressing key challenges in neuromorphic computing.Through phase portraits and nonlinear dynamics analysis,we validate the system’s stability and robustness under diverse workloads.These advancements position SNNs as a transformative technology for applications in robotics,IoT,and adaptive low-power AI systems,paving the way for future innovations in neuromorphic hardware and hybrid learning paradigms.展开更多
Photothermal catalytic methane dry reforming(DRM)technology can convert greenhouse gases(i.e.CH_(4)and CO_(2))into syngas(i.e.H_(2)and CO),providing more opportunities for reducing the greenhouse effect and achieving ...Photothermal catalytic methane dry reforming(DRM)technology can convert greenhouse gases(i.e.CH_(4)and CO_(2))into syngas(i.e.H_(2)and CO),providing more opportunities for reducing the greenhouse effect and achieving carbon neutrality.In the DRM field,Ni-based catalysts attract wide attention due to their low cost and high activity.However,the carbon deposition over Ni-based catalysts always leads to rapid deactivation,which is still a main challenge.To improve the long-term stability of Ni-based catalysts,this work proposes a carbon-atom-diffusion strategy under photothermal conditions and investigates its effect on a Zn-doped Ni-based photothermal catalyst(Ni_(3)Zn@CeO_(2)).The photothermal catalytic behavior of Ni_(3)Zn@CeO_(2)can maintain more than 70 h in DRM reaction.And the photocatalytic DRM activity of Ni_(3)Zn@CeO_(2)is 1.2 times higher than thermal catalytic activity.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation and experimental characterizations indicate that Ni_(3)Zn promotes the diffusion of carbon atoms into the Ni_(3)Zn to form the Ni_(3)ZnC0.7 phase with body-centered cubic(bcc)structure,thus inhibiting carbon deposition.Further,in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform(DRIFT)spectroscopy and DFT calculation prove Ni_(3)Zn@CeO_(2)benefits the CH_(4)activation and inhibits the carbon deposition during the DRM process.Through inducing carbon atoms diffusion within the Ni_(3)Zn lattice,this work provides a straightforward and feasible strategy for achieving efficient photothermal catalytic DRM and even other CH_(4)conversion implementations with long-term stability.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage solutions.However,challenges such as the shuttling effect and sluggish Li-S reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides hinder t...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage solutions.However,challenges such as the shuttling effect and sluggish Li-S reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides hinder their practical application.In this work,we present a mixed-phase heterostructure comprising Co_(0.85)Se and MoSe_(2),supported on nitrogen-doped carbon polyhedrons(NCP),as an effective sulfur host in the LSB cathode.Through a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental validation,we demonstrate that the Co_(0.85)Se-MoSe_(2)heterointerface significantly enhances electron transfer efficiency,thereby boosting the overall reaction kinetics of the sulfur cathode.As a result,the Co_(0.85)Se-MoSe_(2)/NCP/S electrodes exhibit initial specific capacities exceeding 1500 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C and retain 666 m Ah g^(-1)at 3 C,with a capacity fade rate of 0.044%per cycle over 500 cycles at 1.0 C.Notably,even at a high sulfur loading of 3 mg cm^(-2)and a reduced electrolyte volume of 6.7μL mgS^(-1),the Co_(0.85)SeMoSe_(2)/NCP/S electrodes maintain a capacity of 432 mAh g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 0.2 C.展开更多
BACKGROUND Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease associated with gramnegative infection,predominantly by Escherichia coli.It is induced by defective phagolysosomal activity of the macrophages.Malakoplak...BACKGROUND Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease associated with gramnegative infection,predominantly by Escherichia coli.It is induced by defective phagolysosomal activity of the macrophages.Malakoplakia commonly affects the urinary bladder but has been shown to affect any solid organ,including the native and transplanted kidney.However,isolated malakoplakia of the kidney allograft is rare.Transplant recipients with compromised immune systems are more likely to develop malakoplakia.CASE SUMMARY We report three cases of kidney allograft parenchymal malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients on immunosuppression that were successfully managed with good outcomes.We described the clinical characteristics of all the kidney allograft malakoplakia cases documented in the literature.A total of 55 cases of malakoplakia were reported in recipients with a history of kidney transplant.A total of 27 recipients had malakoplakia involving the allograft,and others had malakoplakia in other organs.The common presentations included allograft dysfunction,pyelonephritis,and allograft or systemic mass.Most recipients had favorable outcomes with appropriate management that included prolonged antibiotic therapy and adjustment of immunosuppression.We reviewed the published literature on all the cases of malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients so far and summarized the etiology,management,and outcomes.CONCLUSION This case series provides an overview of the etiology,presentation,pathogenesis,and management of malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients.展开更多
The mechanical properties of minerals in planetary materials are not only interesting from a fundamental point of view but also critical to the development of future space missions.Here we present nanoindentation expe...The mechanical properties of minerals in planetary materials are not only interesting from a fundamental point of view but also critical to the development of future space missions.Here we present nanoindentation experiments to evaluate the hardness and reduced elastic modulus of olivine,(Mg,Fe)_(2)SiO_(4),in meteorite NWA 12008,a lunar basalt.Our experiments suggest that the olivine grains in this lunaite are softer and more elastic than their terrestrial counterparts.Also,we have performed synchrotron-based high-pressure X-ray diffraction(HP-XRD)measurements to probe the compressibility properties of olivine in this meteorite and,for comparison purposes,of three ordinary chondrites.The HP-XRD results suggest that the axial compressibility of the orthorhombic b lattice parameter of olivine relative to terrestrial olivine is higher in NWA 12008 and also in the highly-shocked Chelyabinsk meteorite.The origin of the observed differences is discussed.A simple model combining the results of both our nanoindentation and HP-XRD measurements allows us to describe the contribution of macroscopic and chemical-bond related effects,both of which are necessary to reproduce the observed elastic modulus softening.Such joint analysis of the mechanical and elastic properties of meteorites and returned samples opens up a new avenue for characterizing these highly interesting materials.展开更多
Alcoholic cirrhosis remains the second most common indication for liver transplantation.A comprehensive medical and psychosocial evaluation is needed when making a decision to place such patients on the transplant lis...Alcoholic cirrhosis remains the second most common indication for liver transplantation.A comprehensive medical and psychosocial evaluation is needed when making a decision to place such patients on the transplant list.Most transplant centers worldwide need a minimum of 6 mo of alcohol abstinence for listing these patients.Patients with alcohol dependence are at high risk for relapse to alcohol use after transplantation(recidivism).These patients need to be identified and require alcohol rehabilitation treatment before transplantation.Recidivism to the level of harmful drinking is reported in about 15%-20%cases.Although,recurrent cirrhosis and graft loss from recidivism is rare,occurring in less than 5%of all alcoholic cirrhosis-related transplants,harmful drinking in the post-transplant pe-riod does impact the long-term outcome.The development of metabolic syndrome with cardiovascular events and de novo malignancy are important contributors to non liver-related mortality amongst transplants for alcoholic liver disease.Surveillance protocols for earlier detection of de novo malignancy are needed to improve the long-term outcome.The need for a minimum of 6 mo of abstinence before listing makes transplant a nonviable option for patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis who do not respond to corticosteroids.Emerging data from retrospective and prospective studies has challenged the 6 mo rule,and beneficial effects of liver transplantation have been reported in select patients with a first episode of severe alcoholic hepatitis who are unresponsive to steroids.展开更多
The demand of microelectronic devices postulated high energetic flexible energy storage devices. Flexible solid state supercapacitor is flawless possible candidate to fulfill the requirement of microelectronic devices...The demand of microelectronic devices postulated high energetic flexible energy storage devices. Flexible solid state supercapacitor is flawless possible candidate to fulfill the requirement of microelectronic devices. This investigation provides practical evidence of the use of flexible solid state supercapacitors based on MnOelectrodes with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-Li ClOgel electrolyte. Initially, different acid mediated growths of MnOhave been carried. Later, the electrochemical performances of MnOelectrodes have been carried out. Impressively, the fabricated symmetric flexible solid state supercapacitor(FSS-SC) device demonstrates the highest operating potential window of 1.6 V with extended cycling stability. Moreover, the cell exhibits high energy density of 23 Wh/kg at power density of 1.9 k W/kg. It is interesting to note that the device shows excellent flexibility upon bending at angle of 180° for number of times. These results clearly evidenced those symmetric FSS-SC devices based on MnOelectrodes are promising energy storage devices for microelectronic applications.展开更多
Non-invasive brain stimulations mainly consist of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation exhib- its satisfactory outcomes...Non-invasive brain stimulations mainly consist of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation exhib- its satisfactory outcomes in improving multiple sclerosis, stroke, spinal cord injury and cerebral palsy-induced spasticity. By contrast, transcranial direct current stimulation has only been studied in post-stroke spasticity. To better validate the efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulations in im- proving the spasticity post-stroke, more prospective cohort studies involving large sample sizes are needed.展开更多
Targeted therapy has been widely demonstrated as an effective strategy to treat cancers,the leading cause of death in the world.This minireview summarizes the technical platforms and methodologies utilized to develop ...Targeted therapy has been widely demonstrated as an effective strategy to treat cancers,the leading cause of death in the world.This minireview summarizes the technical platforms and methodologies utilized to develop and engineer therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates.First,the USA FDA approved monoclonal antibody(mAb)-based targeted therapies are reviewed.Then the representative innovative chimeric,humanized and fully human anti-cancer antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates are described.Finally,the past and predictive market trend of therapeutic antibodies is discussed.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injuries caused by accidents may lead to paralysis,sensory disturbances,anaesthesia,and lack of autonomic functions.Functional recovery after disconnection of the motoneuronal soma from target tissue ...Peripheral nerve injuries caused by accidents may lead to paralysis,sensory disturbances,anaesthesia,and lack of autonomic functions.Functional recovery after disconnection of the motoneuronal soma from target tissue with proximal rupture of axons is determined by several factors:motoneuronal soma viability,proper axonal sprouting across inhibitory zones and elongation toward specific muscle,effective synapse contact rebuilding,and prevention of muscle atrophy.Therapies,such as adjuvant drugs with pleiotropic effects,that promote functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury are needed.Toward this aim,we designed a drug discovery workflow based on a network-centric molecular vision using unbiased proteomic data and neural artificial computational tools.Our focus is on boosting intrinsic capabilities of neurons for neuroprotection;this is in contrast to the common approach based on suppression of a pathobiological pathway known to be associated with disease condition.Using our workflow,we discovered neuroheal,a combination of two repurposed drugs that promotes motoneuronal soma neuroprotection,is anti-inflammatory,enhances axonal regeneration after axotomy,and reduces muscle atrophy.This drug discovery workflow has thus yielded a therapy that is close to its clinical application.展开更多
We conducted a systematic review of studies using non-invasive brain stimulation（NIBS： repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（r TMS） and transcranial direct current stimulation（t DCS）） as a research and c...We conducted a systematic review of studies using non-invasive brain stimulation（NIBS： repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（r TMS） and transcranial direct current stimulation（t DCS）） as a research and clinical tool aimed at improving motor and functional recovery or spasticity in patients following spinal cord injury（SCI） under the assumption that if the residual corticospinal circuits could be stimulated appropriately, the changes might be accompanied by functional recovery or an improvement in spasticity. This review summarizes the literature on the changes induced by NIBS in the motor and functional recovery and spasticity control of the upper and lower extremities following SCI.展开更多
Biodegradation of lower chlorinated benzenes(tri-, di-and monochlorobenzene) was assessed at a coastal aquifer contaminated with multiple chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. Field-derived microcosms, established with g...Biodegradation of lower chlorinated benzenes(tri-, di-and monochlorobenzene) was assessed at a coastal aquifer contaminated with multiple chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. Field-derived microcosms, established with groundwater from the source zone and amended with a mixture of lower chlorinated benzenes, evidenced biodegradation of monochlorobenzene(MCB) and 1,4-dichlorobenzene(1,4-DCB) in aerobic microcosms,whereas the addition of lactate in anaerobic microcosms did not enhance anaerobic reductive dechlorination. Aerobic microcosms established with groundwater from the plume consumed several doses of MCB and concomitantly degraded the three isomers of dichlorobenzene with no observable inhibitory effect. In the light of these results, we assessed the applicability of compound stable isotope analysis to monitor a potential aerobic remediation treatment of MCB and 1,4-DCB in this site. The carbon isotopic fractionation factors(ε) obtained from field-derived microcosms were-0.7‰ ± 0.1 ‰ and-1.0‰ ± 0.2 ‰ for MCB and1,4-DCB, respectively. For 1,4-DCB, the carbon isotope fractionation during aerobic biodegradation was reported for the first time. The weak carbon isotope fractionation values for the aerobic pathway would only allow tracing of in situ degradation in aquifer parts with high extent of biodegradation. However, based on the carbon isotope effects measured in this and previous studies, relatively high carbon isotope shifts(i.e., Δδ13C > 4.0 ‰) of MCB or 1,4-DCB in contaminated groundwater would suggest that their biodegradation is controlled by anaerobic reductive dechlorination.展开更多
Melon is as an alternative model to understand fruit ripening due to the coexistence of climacteric and non-climacteric varieties within the same species,allowing the study of the processes that regulate this complex ...Melon is as an alternative model to understand fruit ripening due to the coexistence of climacteric and non-climacteric varieties within the same species,allowing the study of the processes that regulate this complex trait with genetic approaches.We phenotyped a population of recombinant inbred lines(RILs),obtained by crossing a climacteric(Védrantais,cantalupensis type)and a non-climcteric variety(Piel de Sapo T111,inodorus type),for traits related to climacteric maturation and ethylene production.Individuals in the RIL population exhibited various combinations of phenotypes that differed in the amount of ethylene produced,the early onset of ethylene production,and other phenotypes associated with ripening.We characterized a major QTL on chromosome 8,ETHQV8.1,which is sufficient to activate climacteric ripening,and other minor QTLs that may modulate the climacteric response.The ETHQV8.1 allele was validated by using two reciprocal introgression line populations generated by crossing Védrantais and Piel de Sapo and analyzing the ETHQV8.1 region in each of the genetic backgrounds.A Genome-wide association study(GWAS)using 211 accessions of the ssp.melo further identified two regions on chromosome 8 associated with the production of aromas,one of these regions overlapping with the 154.1 kb interval containing ETHQV8.1.The ETHQV8.1 region contains several candidate genes that may be related to fruit ripening.This work sheds light into the regulation mechanisms of a complex trait such as fruit ripening.展开更多
A bud sport is a lateral shoot,inflorescence or single flower/fruit with a visibly different phenotype from the rest of the plant.The new phenotype is often caused by a stable somatic mutation in a single cell that is...A bud sport is a lateral shoot,inflorescence or single flower/fruit with a visibly different phenotype from the rest of the plant.The new phenotype is often caused by a stable somatic mutation in a single cell that is passed on to its clonal descendants and eventually populates part or all of a meristem.In many cases,a bud sport can be vegetatively propagated,thereby preserving the novel phenotype without sexual reproduction.Bud sports provide new characteristics while retaining the desirable qualities of the parent plant,which is why many bud sports have been developed into popular cultivars.We present an overview of the history of bud sports,the causes and methods of detecting somaclonal variation,and the types of mutant phenotypes that have arisen spontaneously.We focus on examples where the molecular or cytological changes causing the phenotype have been identified.Analysis of these sports has provided valuable insight into developmental processes,gene function and regulation,and in some cases has revealed new information about layer-specific roles of some genes.Examination of the molecular changes causing a phenotype and in some cases reversion back to the original state has contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms that drive genomic evolution.展开更多
Halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies above 25%,which makes them one of the most attractive photovoltaic technologies.However,one of the main bottlenecks towards th...Halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies above 25%,which makes them one of the most attractive photovoltaic technologies.However,one of the main bottlenecks towards their commercialization is their long-term stability,which should exceed the 20-year mark.Additive engineering is an effective pathway for the enhancement of device lifetime.Additives applied as organic or inorganic compounds,improve crystal grain growth enhancing power conversion efficiency.The interaction of their functional groups with the halide perovskite(HP)absorber,as well as with the transport layers,results in defect passivation and ion immobilization improving device performance and stability.In this review,we briefly summarize the different types of additives recently applied in PSC to enhance not only efficiency but also long-term stability.We discuss the different mechanism behind additive engineering and the role of the functional groups of these additives for defect passivation.Special emphasis is given to their effect on the stability of PSCs under environmental conditions such as humidity,atmosphere,light irradiation(UV,visible)or heat,taking into account the recently reported ISOS protocols.We also discuss the relation between deep-defect passivation,non-radiative recombination and device efficiency,as well as the possible relation between shallow-defect passivation,ion immobilization and device operational stability.Finally,insights into the challenge and criteria for additive selection are provided for the further stability enhancement of PSCs.展开更多
基金supported by the Government of Catalonia,and the ETOS project(TED2021-132032A-I00)supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
文摘This article aims to analyze the repercussions of food trade between China and various regions of the world to understand the dynamics of food flows and offer a novel perspective on the contemporary globalization process.Understanding these flows involves analyzing the global production and commercialization of food and the effects of these movements on exporting and importing countries in economic terms and food security.The concept of unequal caloric exchange is applied to the case of China,which allows for an understanding of how its economic growth and participation in international trade have transformed its global and internal commercial dynamics by establishing links with self-sufficiency and the composition of its population’s diet.The results show that China is increasingly dependent on international markets for its food supply.From 1961 to 2021,food consumption in China has tripled in calories and experienced qualitative changes,with a reduction in high-quality carbohydrates and vegetable proteins and an increase in cereals,vegetable oils,alcohol,and vegetables.This dietary transformation is related to economic growth and greater dependence on international trade.From 1987 to 2022,China has shown a growing deficit in the food trade balance,with imports exceeding exports in volume,value,and calories,although it maintains favorable terms of trade.Food self-sufficiency has decreased from 95%in 1961 to 76%in 2022,and the diet has diversified,replacing traditional foods with products demanded in international trade.
基金support from Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2203068)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21902116)2024 Fundamental Research Funding of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province.Y.L.acknowledges the Program of China Scholarships Council(No.202206250016).
文摘Direct propane dehydrogenation(DPDH)represents a highly attractive route for on-purpose propylene production,a key building block in the petrochemical industry.In particular,among various catalytic platforms,vanadium-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their tunable properties including redox ability,surface acidity,and resistance to coking.Although the catalytic community has obtained great achievement in this area,how to promote vanadium-based catalysts towards the next step in DPDH applications like industrial-level implementations is still challenging.Moreover,there are still several controversial theories in our community,meaning it is necessary to clarify these indistinct points to pave the way for the next generation of research.Herein,the pivotal modification strategies of vanadium-based catalysts have been summarized via introducing representative works.In addition,the current unclear mechanism and research gaps,especially in the issues of deactivation and selectivity control,are also revealed so that the potential research directions are well-founded proposed.By integrating fundamental understanding and practical considerations,this review aims to inspire the further development of vanadium-based DPDH catalysts for in-depth academic research and next-generation industrial deployment.
基金Supported by CUP(J53C22003010006,J43C24000230007)ICREA2019.
文摘Spiking neural networks(SNNs)represent a biologically-inspired computational framework that bridges neuroscience and artificial intelligence,offering unique advantages in temporal data processing,energy efficiency,and real-time decision-making.This paper explores the evolution of SNN technologies,emphasizing their integration with advanced learning mechanisms such as spike-timing-dependent plasticity(STDP)and hybridization with deep learning architectures.Leveraging memristors as nanoscale synaptic devices,we demonstrate significant enhancements in energy efficiency,adaptability,and scalability,addressing key challenges in neuromorphic computing.Through phase portraits and nonlinear dynamics analysis,we validate the system’s stability and robustness under diverse workloads.These advancements position SNNs as a transformative technology for applications in robotics,IoT,and adaptive low-power AI systems,paving the way for future innovations in neuromorphic hardware and hybrid learning paradigms.
文摘Photothermal catalytic methane dry reforming(DRM)technology can convert greenhouse gases(i.e.CH_(4)and CO_(2))into syngas(i.e.H_(2)and CO),providing more opportunities for reducing the greenhouse effect and achieving carbon neutrality.In the DRM field,Ni-based catalysts attract wide attention due to their low cost and high activity.However,the carbon deposition over Ni-based catalysts always leads to rapid deactivation,which is still a main challenge.To improve the long-term stability of Ni-based catalysts,this work proposes a carbon-atom-diffusion strategy under photothermal conditions and investigates its effect on a Zn-doped Ni-based photothermal catalyst(Ni_(3)Zn@CeO_(2)).The photothermal catalytic behavior of Ni_(3)Zn@CeO_(2)can maintain more than 70 h in DRM reaction.And the photocatalytic DRM activity of Ni_(3)Zn@CeO_(2)is 1.2 times higher than thermal catalytic activity.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation and experimental characterizations indicate that Ni_(3)Zn promotes the diffusion of carbon atoms into the Ni_(3)Zn to form the Ni_(3)ZnC0.7 phase with body-centered cubic(bcc)structure,thus inhibiting carbon deposition.Further,in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform(DRIFT)spectroscopy and DFT calculation prove Ni_(3)Zn@CeO_(2)benefits the CH_(4)activation and inhibits the carbon deposition during the DRM process.Through inducing carbon atoms diffusion within the Ni_(3)Zn lattice,this work provides a straightforward and feasible strategy for achieving efficient photothermal catalytic DRM and even other CH_(4)conversion implementations with long-term stability.
基金support from the 2BoSS project of the ERA-MIN3 program with the Spanish grant number PCI2022-132985/AEI/10.13039/501100011033funding from the Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR01581 and 2021SGR00457+9 种基金the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR,the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.2023NSCQ-MSX1669)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJZDK202401110)support of the Supercomputing Center of Lanzhou University,Chinasupported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU(PRTR-C17.I1)by Generalitat de Catalunya(In-CAEM Project)support from the project AMaDE(PID2023-149158OB-C43)funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/funding from the CSC-UAB PhD scholarship programfunding from Grant IU16-014206(METCAM-FIB)funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)support of the Ministry of Research and Universities,Generalitat de Catalunya。
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage solutions.However,challenges such as the shuttling effect and sluggish Li-S reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides hinder their practical application.In this work,we present a mixed-phase heterostructure comprising Co_(0.85)Se and MoSe_(2),supported on nitrogen-doped carbon polyhedrons(NCP),as an effective sulfur host in the LSB cathode.Through a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental validation,we demonstrate that the Co_(0.85)Se-MoSe_(2)heterointerface significantly enhances electron transfer efficiency,thereby boosting the overall reaction kinetics of the sulfur cathode.As a result,the Co_(0.85)Se-MoSe_(2)/NCP/S electrodes exhibit initial specific capacities exceeding 1500 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C and retain 666 m Ah g^(-1)at 3 C,with a capacity fade rate of 0.044%per cycle over 500 cycles at 1.0 C.Notably,even at a high sulfur loading of 3 mg cm^(-2)and a reduced electrolyte volume of 6.7μL mgS^(-1),the Co_(0.85)SeMoSe_(2)/NCP/S electrodes maintain a capacity of 432 mAh g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 0.2 C.
文摘BACKGROUND Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease associated with gramnegative infection,predominantly by Escherichia coli.It is induced by defective phagolysosomal activity of the macrophages.Malakoplakia commonly affects the urinary bladder but has been shown to affect any solid organ,including the native and transplanted kidney.However,isolated malakoplakia of the kidney allograft is rare.Transplant recipients with compromised immune systems are more likely to develop malakoplakia.CASE SUMMARY We report three cases of kidney allograft parenchymal malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients on immunosuppression that were successfully managed with good outcomes.We described the clinical characteristics of all the kidney allograft malakoplakia cases documented in the literature.A total of 55 cases of malakoplakia were reported in recipients with a history of kidney transplant.A total of 27 recipients had malakoplakia involving the allograft,and others had malakoplakia in other organs.The common presentations included allograft dysfunction,pyelonephritis,and allograft or systemic mass.Most recipients had favorable outcomes with appropriate management that included prolonged antibiotic therapy and adjustment of immunosuppression.We reviewed the published literature on all the cases of malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients so far and summarized the etiology,management,and outcomes.CONCLUSION This case series provides an overview of the etiology,presentation,pathogenesis,and management of malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients.
基金Financial support from the project PID2021-128062NB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades MCIU(doi:10.13039/501100011033)is acknowledged,as well as the Spanish program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M.The ALBA-CELLS synchrotron is acknowledged for granting beamtime at the MSPD beamline under projects 2021095390 and 2022025734.PG-T acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish MCIU through the FPI predoctoral fellowship PRE2022-104624.JS acknowledges the financial support from projects 2021-SGR-00651 and PID2020-116844RB-C21.EP-A acknowledges financial support from the LUMIO project funded by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana(2024-6-HH.0).DE thanks the financial support from Spanish MCIU under projects PID2022-138076NB-C41 and RED2022-134388-T from Generalitat Valenciana(GVA)through grants CIPROM/2021/075 and MFA/2022/007,which are part of the Advanced Materials program and is supported with funding from the European Union Next Generation EU(PRTR-C17.I1).RT and DE(PB and DE)thank GVA for the Postdoctoral Fellowship CIAPOS/2021/20(CIAPOS/2023/406).JS-M thanks the Spanish MCIU for the PRE2020-092198 fellowship.NWA 12008 has been studied within the framework of an international European consortium led by IFP.Special acknowledge to I.Weber for providing the NWA 12008 meteorite thin section.This work is part of the doctoral thesis of PG-T(Doctoral Program in Physics at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona).
文摘The mechanical properties of minerals in planetary materials are not only interesting from a fundamental point of view but also critical to the development of future space missions.Here we present nanoindentation experiments to evaluate the hardness and reduced elastic modulus of olivine,(Mg,Fe)_(2)SiO_(4),in meteorite NWA 12008,a lunar basalt.Our experiments suggest that the olivine grains in this lunaite are softer and more elastic than their terrestrial counterparts.Also,we have performed synchrotron-based high-pressure X-ray diffraction(HP-XRD)measurements to probe the compressibility properties of olivine in this meteorite and,for comparison purposes,of three ordinary chondrites.The HP-XRD results suggest that the axial compressibility of the orthorhombic b lattice parameter of olivine relative to terrestrial olivine is higher in NWA 12008 and also in the highly-shocked Chelyabinsk meteorite.The origin of the observed differences is discussed.A simple model combining the results of both our nanoindentation and HP-XRD measurements allows us to describe the contribution of macroscopic and chemical-bond related effects,both of which are necessary to reproduce the observed elastic modulus softening.Such joint analysis of the mechanical and elastic properties of meteorites and returned samples opens up a new avenue for characterizing these highly interesting materials.
文摘Alcoholic cirrhosis remains the second most common indication for liver transplantation.A comprehensive medical and psychosocial evaluation is needed when making a decision to place such patients on the transplant list.Most transplant centers worldwide need a minimum of 6 mo of alcohol abstinence for listing these patients.Patients with alcohol dependence are at high risk for relapse to alcohol use after transplantation(recidivism).These patients need to be identified and require alcohol rehabilitation treatment before transplantation.Recidivism to the level of harmful drinking is reported in about 15%-20%cases.Although,recurrent cirrhosis and graft loss from recidivism is rare,occurring in less than 5%of all alcoholic cirrhosis-related transplants,harmful drinking in the post-transplant pe-riod does impact the long-term outcome.The development of metabolic syndrome with cardiovascular events and de novo malignancy are important contributors to non liver-related mortality amongst transplants for alcoholic liver disease.Surveillance protocols for earlier detection of de novo malignancy are needed to improve the long-term outcome.The need for a minimum of 6 mo of abstinence before listing makes transplant a nonviable option for patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis who do not respond to corticosteroids.Emerging data from retrospective and prospective studies has challenged the 6 mo rule,and beneficial effects of liver transplantation have been reported in select patients with a first episode of severe alcoholic hepatitis who are unresponsive to steroids.
基金DAE-BRNS, BARC Mumbai, India for financial support through research Project no.2012/34/67/BRNS/2911 dtd. 07/03/2013
文摘The demand of microelectronic devices postulated high energetic flexible energy storage devices. Flexible solid state supercapacitor is flawless possible candidate to fulfill the requirement of microelectronic devices. This investigation provides practical evidence of the use of flexible solid state supercapacitors based on MnOelectrodes with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-Li ClOgel electrolyte. Initially, different acid mediated growths of MnOhave been carried. Later, the electrochemical performances of MnOelectrodes have been carried out. Impressively, the fabricated symmetric flexible solid state supercapacitor(FSS-SC) device demonstrates the highest operating potential window of 1.6 V with extended cycling stability. Moreover, the cell exhibits high energy density of 23 Wh/kg at power density of 1.9 k W/kg. It is interesting to note that the device shows excellent flexibility upon bending at angle of 180° for number of times. These results clearly evidenced those symmetric FSS-SC devices based on MnOelectrodes are promising energy storage devices for microelectronic applications.
基金supported in part by grants from Foundation La MaratóTV3.No.PI110932
文摘Non-invasive brain stimulations mainly consist of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation exhib- its satisfactory outcomes in improving multiple sclerosis, stroke, spinal cord injury and cerebral palsy-induced spasticity. By contrast, transcranial direct current stimulation has only been studied in post-stroke spasticity. To better validate the efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulations in im- proving the spasticity post-stroke, more prospective cohort studies involving large sample sizes are needed.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health R21CA226491-01A1 (X.M.L.),1R01CA238273-01A1 (X.M.L.) and 1R01CA242917-01A1(X.M.L.)
文摘Targeted therapy has been widely demonstrated as an effective strategy to treat cancers,the leading cause of death in the world.This minireview summarizes the technical platforms and methodologies utilized to develop and engineer therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates.First,the USA FDA approved monoclonal antibody(mAb)-based targeted therapies are reviewed.Then the representative innovative chimeric,humanized and fully human anti-cancer antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates are described.Finally,the past and predictive market trend of therapeutic antibodies is discussed.
基金mainly supported by the Ministerio de Economíay Competitividad of Spain(#SAF 2014-59701)(to CC)
文摘Peripheral nerve injuries caused by accidents may lead to paralysis,sensory disturbances,anaesthesia,and lack of autonomic functions.Functional recovery after disconnection of the motoneuronal soma from target tissue with proximal rupture of axons is determined by several factors:motoneuronal soma viability,proper axonal sprouting across inhibitory zones and elongation toward specific muscle,effective synapse contact rebuilding,and prevention of muscle atrophy.Therapies,such as adjuvant drugs with pleiotropic effects,that promote functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury are needed.Toward this aim,we designed a drug discovery workflow based on a network-centric molecular vision using unbiased proteomic data and neural artificial computational tools.Our focus is on boosting intrinsic capabilities of neurons for neuroprotection;this is in contrast to the common approach based on suppression of a pathobiological pathway known to be associated with disease condition.Using our workflow,we discovered neuroheal,a combination of two repurposed drugs that promotes motoneuronal soma neuroprotection,is anti-inflammatory,enhances axonal regeneration after axotomy,and reduces muscle atrophy.This drug discovery workflow has thus yielded a therapy that is close to its clinical application.
文摘We conducted a systematic review of studies using non-invasive brain stimulation（NIBS： repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（r TMS） and transcranial direct current stimulation（t DCS）） as a research and clinical tool aimed at improving motor and functional recovery or spasticity in patients following spinal cord injury（SCI） under the assumption that if the residual corticospinal circuits could be stimulated appropriately, the changes might be accompanied by functional recovery or an improvement in spasticity. This review summarizes the literature on the changes induced by NIBS in the motor and functional recovery and spasticity control of the upper and lower extremities following SCI.
基金supported by the Catalan Water Agency (No. CTN1900901)supported by the projects CGL2017–82331-R (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness)2017SGR 1733 (Catalan Government)。
文摘Biodegradation of lower chlorinated benzenes(tri-, di-and monochlorobenzene) was assessed at a coastal aquifer contaminated with multiple chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. Field-derived microcosms, established with groundwater from the source zone and amended with a mixture of lower chlorinated benzenes, evidenced biodegradation of monochlorobenzene(MCB) and 1,4-dichlorobenzene(1,4-DCB) in aerobic microcosms,whereas the addition of lactate in anaerobic microcosms did not enhance anaerobic reductive dechlorination. Aerobic microcosms established with groundwater from the plume consumed several doses of MCB and concomitantly degraded the three isomers of dichlorobenzene with no observable inhibitory effect. In the light of these results, we assessed the applicability of compound stable isotope analysis to monitor a potential aerobic remediation treatment of MCB and 1,4-DCB in this site. The carbon isotopic fractionation factors(ε) obtained from field-derived microcosms were-0.7‰ ± 0.1 ‰ and-1.0‰ ± 0.2 ‰ for MCB and1,4-DCB, respectively. For 1,4-DCB, the carbon isotope fractionation during aerobic biodegradation was reported for the first time. The weak carbon isotope fractionation values for the aerobic pathway would only allow tracing of in situ degradation in aquifer parts with high extent of biodegradation. However, based on the carbon isotope effects measured in this and previous studies, relatively high carbon isotope shifts(i.e., Δδ13C > 4.0 ‰) of MCB or 1,4-DCB in contaminated groundwater would suggest that their biodegradation is controlled by anaerobic reductive dechlorination.
基金supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness grants AGL2015-64625-C2-1-R and RTI2018-097665-B-C2,Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D 2016-2010(SEV-2015-0533)the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya to J.G.-M.,L.P.and M.S.-D.were supported by a FPI grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.V.R.was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska Curie grant agreement No 6655919.Y.X.was supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-25).
文摘Melon is as an alternative model to understand fruit ripening due to the coexistence of climacteric and non-climacteric varieties within the same species,allowing the study of the processes that regulate this complex trait with genetic approaches.We phenotyped a population of recombinant inbred lines(RILs),obtained by crossing a climacteric(Védrantais,cantalupensis type)and a non-climcteric variety(Piel de Sapo T111,inodorus type),for traits related to climacteric maturation and ethylene production.Individuals in the RIL population exhibited various combinations of phenotypes that differed in the amount of ethylene produced,the early onset of ethylene production,and other phenotypes associated with ripening.We characterized a major QTL on chromosome 8,ETHQV8.1,which is sufficient to activate climacteric ripening,and other minor QTLs that may modulate the climacteric response.The ETHQV8.1 allele was validated by using two reciprocal introgression line populations generated by crossing Védrantais and Piel de Sapo and analyzing the ETHQV8.1 region in each of the genetic backgrounds.A Genome-wide association study(GWAS)using 211 accessions of the ssp.melo further identified two regions on chromosome 8 associated with the production of aromas,one of these regions overlapping with the 154.1 kb interval containing ETHQV8.1.The ETHQV8.1 region contains several candidate genes that may be related to fruit ripening.This work sheds light into the regulation mechanisms of a complex trait such as fruit ripening.
基金This work was funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment,contract C11X1310 and internal funding by The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited.
文摘A bud sport is a lateral shoot,inflorescence or single flower/fruit with a visibly different phenotype from the rest of the plant.The new phenotype is often caused by a stable somatic mutation in a single cell that is passed on to its clonal descendants and eventually populates part or all of a meristem.In many cases,a bud sport can be vegetatively propagated,thereby preserving the novel phenotype without sexual reproduction.Bud sports provide new characteristics while retaining the desirable qualities of the parent plant,which is why many bud sports have been developed into popular cultivars.We present an overview of the history of bud sports,the causes and methods of detecting somaclonal variation,and the types of mutant phenotypes that have arisen spontaneously.We focus on examples where the molecular or cytological changes causing the phenotype have been identified.Analysis of these sports has provided valuable insight into developmental processes,gene function and regulation,and in some cases has revealed new information about layer-specific roles of some genes.Examination of the molecular changes causing a phenotype and in some cases reversion back to the original state has contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms that drive genomic evolution.
基金the Spanish MINECO through the Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence Program under Grant SEV-2013-0295 for the postdoctoral contract to H.X.To the Solar Era.Net Cofund 2(EU)and the AEI(Spain)for the project Pr Oper Photo Mi Le(Ref 12 and PCI2020-112185)the Spanish State Research Agency for the grant Self-Power(PID2019-10^(4)272RB-C54/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)+2 种基金the Agència de Gestiód’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca(AGAUR)for the support to the consolidated Catalonia research group 217 SGR 329 and the Xarxa d’R+D+I Energy for Society(XRE4S)CONACYT for the scholarship to C.P.ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO(Grant No.SEV-2017-0706)funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya。
文摘Halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies above 25%,which makes them one of the most attractive photovoltaic technologies.However,one of the main bottlenecks towards their commercialization is their long-term stability,which should exceed the 20-year mark.Additive engineering is an effective pathway for the enhancement of device lifetime.Additives applied as organic or inorganic compounds,improve crystal grain growth enhancing power conversion efficiency.The interaction of their functional groups with the halide perovskite(HP)absorber,as well as with the transport layers,results in defect passivation and ion immobilization improving device performance and stability.In this review,we briefly summarize the different types of additives recently applied in PSC to enhance not only efficiency but also long-term stability.We discuss the different mechanism behind additive engineering and the role of the functional groups of these additives for defect passivation.Special emphasis is given to their effect on the stability of PSCs under environmental conditions such as humidity,atmosphere,light irradiation(UV,visible)or heat,taking into account the recently reported ISOS protocols.We also discuss the relation between deep-defect passivation,non-radiative recombination and device efficiency,as well as the possible relation between shallow-defect passivation,ion immobilization and device operational stability.Finally,insights into the challenge and criteria for additive selection are provided for the further stability enhancement of PSCs.
