China’s“common prosperity”policy is a multidimensional pursuit of social and economic progress aimed at full realization by 2050.A CHIEVING common prosperity–prosperity that is universally shared–has been a longs...China’s“common prosperity”policy is a multidimensional pursuit of social and economic progress aimed at full realization by 2050.A CHIEVING common prosperity–prosperity that is universally shared–has been a longstanding aspiration of the Chinese government.展开更多
Premature yeast flocculation(PYF)has been shown to induce early and enhanced yeast flocculation and can result in a myriad of produc-tion difficulties and delays.Researchers have demonstrated that PYF is linked to fun...Premature yeast flocculation(PYF)has been shown to induce early and enhanced yeast flocculation and can result in a myriad of produc-tion difficulties and delays.Researchers have demonstrated that PYF is linked to fungal infection of barley and/or malt.Therefore,one might suspect that PYF occurrence would increase in wet climates.To test this hypothesis,a control,a PYF-positive malt sample,and two Scot-tish-sourced malt varieties were compared with a control dataset of 77 femientations.Miniature fermentation trials using the ASBC method Yeast-14 were performed on these samples.Miniature fermentation tri-als have been optimized to detect PYF-causing malt by directly meas-uring attenuation via extract readings and indirectly measuring yeast in suspension via absorbance.Nonlinear and tilted Gaussian regressions were fit to the data sets to obtain attenuation and absorbance curves,respectively.Results obtained indicated that the PYF-causing malt in-duced both early and enhanced flocculation,whereas the other three malts(including the Scottish malts)did not induce early or enhanced flocculation.All four samples were compared using the F test,and it was determined that the PYF-positive malt sample was significantly different than the other three malts(P<0.05).Using previous results from 77 miniature fermentation trials on control malts,a novel 95%prediction band was developed.This band was applied and used to identify and decisively confirm the presence of PYF-causing malt as demonstrated herein.展开更多
This paper presents a high-fidelity lumpedparameter(LP)thermal model(HF-LPTM)for permanent magnet synchronous machines(PMSMs)in electric vehicle(EV)applications,where various cooling techniques are considered,includin...This paper presents a high-fidelity lumpedparameter(LP)thermal model(HF-LPTM)for permanent magnet synchronous machines(PMSMs)in electric vehicle(EV)applications,where various cooling techniques are considered,including frame forced air/liquid cooling,oil jet cooling for endwinding,and rotor shaft cooling.To address the temperature misestimation in the LP thermal modelling due to assumptions of concentrated loss input and uniform heat flows,the developed HF-LPTM introduces two compensation thermal resistances for the winding and PM components,which are analytically derived from the multi-dimensional heat transfer equations and are robust against different load/thermal conditions.As validated by the finite element analysis method and experiments,the conventional LPTMs exhibit significant winding temperature deviations,while the proposed HF-LPTM can accurately predict both the midpoint and average temperatures.The developed HFLPTM is further used to assess the effectiveness of various cooling techniques under different scenarios,i.e.,steady-state thermal states under the rated load condition,and transient temperature profiles under city,freeway,and hybrid(city+freeway)driving cycles.Results indicate that no single cooling technique can maintain both winding and PM temperatures within safety limits.The combination of frame liquid cooling and oil jet cooling for end winding can sufficiently mitigate PMSM thermal stress in EV applications.展开更多
Belt conveyors are extensively utilized in mining and power industries.In a typical coal mine conveyor system,coal is transported over distances exceeding 2 km,involving more than 20000 idlers,which far exceeds a reas...Belt conveyors are extensively utilized in mining and power industries.In a typical coal mine conveyor system,coal is transported over distances exceeding 2 km,involving more than 20000 idlers,which far exceeds a reasonable manual inspection capacity.Given that idlers typically have a lifespan of 1-2 years,there is an urgent need for a rapid,cost-effective,and intelligent safety monitoring system.However,current embedded systems face prohibitive replacement costs,while conventional monitoring technologies suffer from inefficiency at low rotational speeds and lack systematic structural optimization frameworks for diverse idler types and parameters.To address these challenges,this paper introduces an integrated,on-site detachable self-powered idler condition monitoring system(ICMS).This system combines energy harvesting based on the magnetic modulation technology with wireless condition monitoring capabilities.Specifically,it develops a data-driven model integrating convolutional neural networks(CNNs) with genetic algorithms(GAs).The conventional testing results show that the data-driven model not only significantly accelerates the parameter response time,but also achieves a prediction accuracy of 92.95%.The in-situ experiments conducted in coal mines demonstrate the system's reliability and monitoring functionality under both no-load and fullload conditions.This research provides an innovative self-powered condition monitoring solution and develops an efficient data-driven model,offering feasible online monitoring approaches for smart mine construction.展开更多
Cyber-physical systems(CPSs)are regarded as the backbone of the fourth industrial revolution,in which communication,physical processes,and computer technology are integrated.In modern industrial systems,CPSs are widel...Cyber-physical systems(CPSs)are regarded as the backbone of the fourth industrial revolution,in which communication,physical processes,and computer technology are integrated.In modern industrial systems,CPSs are widely utilized across various domains,such as smart grids,smart healthcare systems,smart vehicles,and smart manufacturing,among others.Due to their unique spatial distribution,CPSs are highly vulnerable to cyber-attacks,which may result in severe performance degradation and even system instability.Consequently,the security concerns of CPSs have attracted significant attention in recent years.In this paper,a comprehensive survey on the security issues of CPSs under cyber-attacks is provided.Firstly,mathematical descriptions of various types of cyberattacks are introduced in detail.Secondly,two types of secure estimation and control processing schemes,including robust methods and active methods,are reviewed.Thirdly,research findings related to secure control and estimation problems for different types of CPSs are summarized.Finally,the survey is concluded by outlining the challenges and suggesting potential research directions for the future.展开更多
With a commitment to reduce emissions,and its investment in green technology bringing down global costs,China is emerging as the leader in fighting climate change.EVERYBODY knows that our world is getting hotter.They ...With a commitment to reduce emissions,and its investment in green technology bringing down global costs,China is emerging as the leader in fighting climate change.EVERYBODY knows that our world is getting hotter.They also know why.Pumping out pollutants has transformed our world into a greenhouse;heat from the sun is now trapped by a“dirty”atmosphere.展开更多
Beyond modern trade tensions and diplomatic milestones,Europe and China’s profound connection stems from a 3,000-year interplay of ideas,goods,and values,shaping their intertwined visions of governance,equality,and s...Beyond modern trade tensions and diplomatic milestones,Europe and China’s profound connection stems from a 3,000-year interplay of ideas,goods,and values,shaping their intertwined visions of governance,equality,and societal progress.展开更多
Your comments are welcome!Please feel free to contact us with your personal stories or vivid pictures!Address:24 Baiwanzhuang St.,Xicheng Dist.,Beijing,100037 E-mail:chinatodaynews@aliyun.com。
THE world should be celebrating the creation of the United Nations(UN)80 years ago.However,its very existence is threatened.China recognizes the UN as the core of the international system.The UN Charter is a legal tre...THE world should be celebrating the creation of the United Nations(UN)80 years ago.However,its very existence is threatened.China recognizes the UN as the core of the international system.The UN Charter is a legal treaty under which national governments freely agree to uphold values and principles of behaviour.As a manifestation of the principle of“the sovereign equality of members,”each has an equal vote in the General Assembly.展开更多
Under sensorless control, the position estimation error in interior permanent magnet(PM) synchronous machines will lead to parameter identification errors and a rank-deficiency issue. This paper proposes a parameter i...Under sensorless control, the position estimation error in interior permanent magnet(PM) synchronous machines will lead to parameter identification errors and a rank-deficiency issue. This paper proposes a parameter identification model that is independent of position error by combining the dq-axis voltage equations. Then, a novel dual signal alternate injection method is proposed to address the rank-deficiency issue, i.e., during one injection period, a zero, positive, and negative d-axis current injection together with a rotor position offset injection, to simultaneously identify the multi-parameters, including stator resistance, dq-axis inductances, and PM flux linkage. The proposed method is verified by experiments at different dq-axis current conditions.展开更多
In the Internet of Things(IoT)based scenarios,the network may encounter significant issues related to energy and communication as a result of a progressively growing number of terminals.We introduce simultaneous wirel...In the Internet of Things(IoT)based scenarios,the network may encounter significant issues related to energy and communication as a result of a progressively growing number of terminals.We introduce simultaneous wireless power transfer(SWIPT)technology assisted by a reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)to counteract this challenge.Thus,the network’s flexibility and reliability will be further enhanced.According to this system architecture,the scattering-parameter-based communication model is introduced to disclose hardware features for an energy efficiency(EE)maximization problem.Specifically,the potential unauthorized demodulation is also considered in the problem formulation.To resolve the issue,an alternative strategy is utilized to optimize iteratively the coupled variables.In particular,the block coordinate descent(BCD)approach based on the Sherman-Morrison formula is proposed to solve the RIS subproblem.The numerical results prove the hardware effects cannot be dismissed lightly.Besides,the configuration of the RIS may impact the network performance directly.展开更多
文摘China’s“common prosperity”policy is a multidimensional pursuit of social and economic progress aimed at full realization by 2050.A CHIEVING common prosperity–prosperity that is universally shared–has been a longstanding aspiration of the Chinese government.
文摘Premature yeast flocculation(PYF)has been shown to induce early and enhanced yeast flocculation and can result in a myriad of produc-tion difficulties and delays.Researchers have demonstrated that PYF is linked to fungal infection of barley and/or malt.Therefore,one might suspect that PYF occurrence would increase in wet climates.To test this hypothesis,a control,a PYF-positive malt sample,and two Scot-tish-sourced malt varieties were compared with a control dataset of 77 femientations.Miniature fermentation trials using the ASBC method Yeast-14 were performed on these samples.Miniature fermentation tri-als have been optimized to detect PYF-causing malt by directly meas-uring attenuation via extract readings and indirectly measuring yeast in suspension via absorbance.Nonlinear and tilted Gaussian regressions were fit to the data sets to obtain attenuation and absorbance curves,respectively.Results obtained indicated that the PYF-causing malt in-duced both early and enhanced flocculation,whereas the other three malts(including the Scottish malts)did not induce early or enhanced flocculation.All four samples were compared using the F test,and it was determined that the PYF-positive malt sample was significantly different than the other three malts(P<0.05).Using previous results from 77 miniature fermentation trials on control malts,a novel 95%prediction band was developed.This band was applied and used to identify and decisively confirm the presence of PYF-causing malt as demonstrated herein.
文摘This paper presents a high-fidelity lumpedparameter(LP)thermal model(HF-LPTM)for permanent magnet synchronous machines(PMSMs)in electric vehicle(EV)applications,where various cooling techniques are considered,including frame forced air/liquid cooling,oil jet cooling for endwinding,and rotor shaft cooling.To address the temperature misestimation in the LP thermal modelling due to assumptions of concentrated loss input and uniform heat flows,the developed HF-LPTM introduces two compensation thermal resistances for the winding and PM components,which are analytically derived from the multi-dimensional heat transfer equations and are robust against different load/thermal conditions.As validated by the finite element analysis method and experiments,the conventional LPTMs exhibit significant winding temperature deviations,while the proposed HF-LPTM can accurately predict both the midpoint and average temperatures.The developed HFLPTM is further used to assess the effectiveness of various cooling techniques under different scenarios,i.e.,steady-state thermal states under the rated load condition,and transient temperature profiles under city,freeway,and hybrid(city+freeway)driving cycles.Results indicate that no single cooling technique can maintain both winding and PM temperatures within safety limits.The combination of frame liquid cooling and oil jet cooling for end winding can sufficiently mitigate PMSM thermal stress in EV applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172248,12302022,12021002,and 12132010)the Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology of China(No.23JCZDJC00950)。
文摘Belt conveyors are extensively utilized in mining and power industries.In a typical coal mine conveyor system,coal is transported over distances exceeding 2 km,involving more than 20000 idlers,which far exceeds a reasonable manual inspection capacity.Given that idlers typically have a lifespan of 1-2 years,there is an urgent need for a rapid,cost-effective,and intelligent safety monitoring system.However,current embedded systems face prohibitive replacement costs,while conventional monitoring technologies suffer from inefficiency at low rotational speeds and lack systematic structural optimization frameworks for diverse idler types and parameters.To address these challenges,this paper introduces an integrated,on-site detachable self-powered idler condition monitoring system(ICMS).This system combines energy harvesting based on the magnetic modulation technology with wireless condition monitoring capabilities.Specifically,it develops a data-driven model integrating convolutional neural networks(CNNs) with genetic algorithms(GAs).The conventional testing results show that the data-driven model not only significantly accelerates the parameter response time,but also achieves a prediction accuracy of 92.95%.The in-situ experiments conducted in coal mines demonstrate the system's reliability and monitoring functionality under both no-load and fullload conditions.This research provides an innovative self-powered condition monitoring solution and develops an efficient data-driven model,offering feasible online monitoring approaches for smart mine construction.
文摘Cyber-physical systems(CPSs)are regarded as the backbone of the fourth industrial revolution,in which communication,physical processes,and computer technology are integrated.In modern industrial systems,CPSs are widely utilized across various domains,such as smart grids,smart healthcare systems,smart vehicles,and smart manufacturing,among others.Due to their unique spatial distribution,CPSs are highly vulnerable to cyber-attacks,which may result in severe performance degradation and even system instability.Consequently,the security concerns of CPSs have attracted significant attention in recent years.In this paper,a comprehensive survey on the security issues of CPSs under cyber-attacks is provided.Firstly,mathematical descriptions of various types of cyberattacks are introduced in detail.Secondly,two types of secure estimation and control processing schemes,including robust methods and active methods,are reviewed.Thirdly,research findings related to secure control and estimation problems for different types of CPSs are summarized.Finally,the survey is concluded by outlining the challenges and suggesting potential research directions for the future.
文摘With a commitment to reduce emissions,and its investment in green technology bringing down global costs,China is emerging as the leader in fighting climate change.EVERYBODY knows that our world is getting hotter.They also know why.Pumping out pollutants has transformed our world into a greenhouse;heat from the sun is now trapped by a“dirty”atmosphere.
文摘Beyond modern trade tensions and diplomatic milestones,Europe and China’s profound connection stems from a 3,000-year interplay of ideas,goods,and values,shaping their intertwined visions of governance,equality,and societal progress.
文摘Your comments are welcome!Please feel free to contact us with your personal stories or vivid pictures!Address:24 Baiwanzhuang St.,Xicheng Dist.,Beijing,100037 E-mail:chinatodaynews@aliyun.com。
文摘THE world should be celebrating the creation of the United Nations(UN)80 years ago.However,its very existence is threatened.China recognizes the UN as the core of the international system.The UN Charter is a legal treaty under which national governments freely agree to uphold values and principles of behaviour.As a manifestation of the principle of“the sovereign equality of members,”each has an equal vote in the General Assembly.
文摘Under sensorless control, the position estimation error in interior permanent magnet(PM) synchronous machines will lead to parameter identification errors and a rank-deficiency issue. This paper proposes a parameter identification model that is independent of position error by combining the dq-axis voltage equations. Then, a novel dual signal alternate injection method is proposed to address the rank-deficiency issue, i.e., during one injection period, a zero, positive, and negative d-axis current injection together with a rotor position offset injection, to simultaneously identify the multi-parameters, including stator resistance, dq-axis inductances, and PM flux linkage. The proposed method is verified by experiments at different dq-axis current conditions.
文摘In the Internet of Things(IoT)based scenarios,the network may encounter significant issues related to energy and communication as a result of a progressively growing number of terminals.We introduce simultaneous wireless power transfer(SWIPT)technology assisted by a reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)to counteract this challenge.Thus,the network’s flexibility and reliability will be further enhanced.According to this system architecture,the scattering-parameter-based communication model is introduced to disclose hardware features for an energy efficiency(EE)maximization problem.Specifically,the potential unauthorized demodulation is also considered in the problem formulation.To resolve the issue,an alternative strategy is utilized to optimize iteratively the coupled variables.In particular,the block coordinate descent(BCD)approach based on the Sherman-Morrison formula is proposed to solve the RIS subproblem.The numerical results prove the hardware effects cannot be dismissed lightly.Besides,the configuration of the RIS may impact the network performance directly.
