Objectives:Problematic use of the internet(PUI)has been increasingly associated with various mental health issues,highlighting the need for accurate assessment tools.The Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-us...Objectives:Problematic use of the internet(PUI)has been increasingly associated with various mental health issues,highlighting the need for accurate assessment tools.The Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorder(ACSID-11)is a validated psychometric instrument designed to measure distinct forms of PUI across multiple online activities.However,its applicability and validity have not yet been established within the Indonesian context.Therefore,this study aimed to translate and validate the ACSID-11 for use among Indonesian populations.Methods:The translation procedure of the ACSID-11 involved forward translation,back translation,and expert panel discussions.This research involved 600 undergraduate and post-graduate students from universities in Indonesia(mean[SD]age=21.60[2.74]years;409[68%]females).Cronbach’s Alpha(α)and McDonald’s Omega(ω)were used to measure the internal consistency of the ACSID-11.Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)was used in testing the construct validity of the ACSID-11.Results:The ACSID-11 demonstrated validity and reliability in assessing different types of PUI in the present Indonesian sample(α=0.67–0.96;ω=0.68–0.96).The CFA results supported a four-factor structure for the Indonesian version of the ACSID-11.Conclusion:The findings suggest that the Indonesian version of the ACSID-11 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing specific forms of PUI among Indonesian students.Future research and clinical applications are encouraged to utilize the ACSID-11 for early identification,intervention,and prevention strategies targeting PUI within this population.展开更多
Sclerostin, a protein secreted from osteocytes, negatively regulates the WNT signaling pathway by binding to the LRP5/6 co-receptors and further inhibits bone formation and promotes bone resorption. Sclerostin contrib...Sclerostin, a protein secreted from osteocytes, negatively regulates the WNT signaling pathway by binding to the LRP5/6 co-receptors and further inhibits bone formation and promotes bone resorption. Sclerostin contributes to musculoskeletal system-related diseases, making it a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of WNT-related bone diseases. Additionally, emerging evidence indicates that sclerostin contributes to the development of cancers, obesity, and diabetes, suggesting that it may be a promising therapeutic target for these diseases. Notably, cardiovascular diseases are related to the protective role of sclerostin. In this review, we summarize three distinct types of inhibitors targeting sclerostin, monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, and small-molecule inhibitors, from which monoclonal antibodies have been developed. As the first-in-class sclerostin inhibitor approved by the U.S. FDA,the monoclonal antibody romosozumab has demonstrated excellent effectiveness in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis;however, it conferred high cardiovascular risk in clinical trials. Furthermore,romosozumab could only be administered by injection, which may cause compliance issues for patients who prefer oral therapy. Considering these above safety and compliance concerns, we therefore present relevant discussion and offer perspectives on the development of next-generation sclerostin inhibitors by following several ways, such as concomitant medication, artificial intelligence-based strategy, druggable modification, and bispecific inhibitors strategy.展开更多
The field of neuromodulation has experienced significant advancements in the past decade,owing to breakthroughs in disciplines such as materials science,genetics,bioengineering,photonics,and beyond.The convergence of ...The field of neuromodulation has experienced significant advancements in the past decade,owing to breakthroughs in disciplines such as materials science,genetics,bioengineering,photonics,and beyond.The convergence of these fields has resulted in the development of nanotransducers,devices that harness the synergies of these diverse disciplines.These nanotransducers,essential for neuromodulation,often draw inspiration from energy conversion processes found in nature for their unique modalities.In this review,we will delve into the latest advancements in wireless neuromodulation facilitated by optical,magnetic,and mechanical nanotransducers.We will examine their working principles,properties,advantages,and limitations in comparison to current methods for deep brain neuromodulation,highlighting the impact of natural systems on their design and functionality.Additionally,we will underscore potential future directions,emphasizing how continued progress in materials science,neuroscience,and bioengineering might expand the horizons of what is achievable with nanotransducer-enabled neuromodulation.展开更多
The endocrine system is a fundamental type of long-range cell-cell communication that is important for maintaining metabolism,physiology,and other aspects of organismal homeostasis.Endocrine signaling is mediated by d...The endocrine system is a fundamental type of long-range cell-cell communication that is important for maintaining metabolism,physiology,and other aspects of organismal homeostasis.Endocrine signaling is mediated by diverse blood-borne ligands,also called hormones,including metabolites,lipids,steroids,peptides,and proteins.The size and structure of these hormones are fine-tuned to make them bioactive,responsive,and adaptable to meet the demands of changing environments.Why has nature selected such diverse ligand types to mediate communication in the endocrine system?What is the chemical,signaling,or physiologic logic of these ligands?What fundamental principles from our knowledge of endocrine communication can be applied as we continue as a field to uncover additional new circulating molecules that are claimed to mediate long-range cell and tissue crosstalk?This review provides a framework based on the biochemical logic behind this crosstalk with respect to their chemistry,temporal regulation in physiology,specificity,signaling actions,and evolutionary development.展开更多
Among substances,opiates and psychostimulants are responsible for the most significant public health problems,yet few studies have characterized their similarities or differences in the cortical plasticity of individu...Among substances,opiates and psychostimulants are responsible for the most significant public health problems,yet few studies have characterized their similarities or differences in the cortical plasticity of individuals with these substance related problems.This investigation utilized concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography(TMS-EEG)to examine cortical plasticity characteristics of individuals with heroin and methamphetamine related substance use disorder(SUD)relative to healthy controls.TMS-EEG data were collected from healthy control subjects(N=35),subjects with heroin(N=72)and methamphetamine(N=69)use disorder.The data were analyzed using our fully-automated artifact rejection algorithm(ARTIST).Analyses were performed separately for F3,F4 and P3 stimulation sites.Linear mixed effects models were used to examine Group(heroin,methamphetamine,healthy control)x Time(pre,post single-session rTMS)interactions.To evaluate plasticity differences across groups,we observed the changes in single pulse TMS before and after single-session of rTMS.There was no change in alpha power after stimulation of the F3 or F4 sites across groups.The alpha power of the control group was significantly decreased when stimulating the P3 site,while there was no significant change in alpha power for either drug group during the same time window.The beta power of the healthy control group increased significantly when the F3 site was stimulated.In contrast,there was no significant change in either the methamphetamine or heroin group.Following a single-session of rTMS intervention,there was a significant difference in alpha-band power between the healthy control group and the two drug groups.Taking together,the study findings identified differential plasticity effects in the two types of SUD population,and highlighted the network effects of rTMS.The findings point to an exciting future path for using rTMS to test new plasticity-based interventions for treating drug addiction.展开更多
Flow batteries represent a promising technology for storing electrical energy in circulating electrolyte solutions that contain redox-active chemicals.Inspired by the redox flow battery,in this paper we describe the c...Flow batteries represent a promising technology for storing electrical energy in circulating electrolyte solutions that contain redox-active chemicals.Inspired by the redox flow battery,in this paper we describe the concept and implementation of an optical flow battery,which stores photon energy in circulating nanophosphor colloids.Similar to the redox flow battery,the optical flow battery enables the conversion between photon energy and chemical energy in a rechargeable manner,facilitating distributed energy storage by decoupling energy and power.We characterized basic cell attributes and performance metrics of this prototype optical flow battery in the context of common assessment methods for conventional redox flow batteries.We envision that this optical flow battery may provide a useful tool for solar energy storage,light delivery in live animals,and light-based therapy,diagnosis,and surgery in medicine.展开更多
基金support from Universitas Airlangga,in part by Higher Education Sprout Project,Ministry of Education to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University(NCKU),and by the National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan(NSTC 112-2410-H-006-089-SS2).
文摘Objectives:Problematic use of the internet(PUI)has been increasingly associated with various mental health issues,highlighting the need for accurate assessment tools.The Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorder(ACSID-11)is a validated psychometric instrument designed to measure distinct forms of PUI across multiple online activities.However,its applicability and validity have not yet been established within the Indonesian context.Therefore,this study aimed to translate and validate the ACSID-11 for use among Indonesian populations.Methods:The translation procedure of the ACSID-11 involved forward translation,back translation,and expert panel discussions.This research involved 600 undergraduate and post-graduate students from universities in Indonesia(mean[SD]age=21.60[2.74]years;409[68%]females).Cronbach’s Alpha(α)and McDonald’s Omega(ω)were used to measure the internal consistency of the ACSID-11.Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)was used in testing the construct validity of the ACSID-11.Results:The ACSID-11 demonstrated validity and reliability in assessing different types of PUI in the present Indonesian sample(α=0.67–0.96;ω=0.68–0.96).The CFA results supported a four-factor structure for the Indonesian version of the ACSID-11.Conclusion:The findings suggest that the Indonesian version of the ACSID-11 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing specific forms of PUI among Indonesian students.Future research and clinical applications are encouraged to utilize the ACSID-11 for early identification,intervention,and prevention strategies targeting PUI within this population.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0800802)Hong Kong General Research Fund (HKBU 12114416,HKBU 12101117,HKBU 12100918,HKBU 12101018,HKBU 12103519,HKBU 14100218,CUHK 14108816,CUHK 14100218,CUHK 14103420,China)+3 种基金Direct Grant of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (2018.094,China)Interdisciplinary Research Clusters Matching Scheme of Hong Kong Baptist University (RC-IRCs/17-18/02,China)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019B1515120089,China)Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality Funds (JCYJ20160229210357960,China)。
文摘Sclerostin, a protein secreted from osteocytes, negatively regulates the WNT signaling pathway by binding to the LRP5/6 co-receptors and further inhibits bone formation and promotes bone resorption. Sclerostin contributes to musculoskeletal system-related diseases, making it a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of WNT-related bone diseases. Additionally, emerging evidence indicates that sclerostin contributes to the development of cancers, obesity, and diabetes, suggesting that it may be a promising therapeutic target for these diseases. Notably, cardiovascular diseases are related to the protective role of sclerostin. In this review, we summarize three distinct types of inhibitors targeting sclerostin, monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, and small-molecule inhibitors, from which monoclonal antibodies have been developed. As the first-in-class sclerostin inhibitor approved by the U.S. FDA,the monoclonal antibody romosozumab has demonstrated excellent effectiveness in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis;however, it conferred high cardiovascular risk in clinical trials. Furthermore,romosozumab could only be administered by injection, which may cause compliance issues for patients who prefer oral therapy. Considering these above safety and compliance concerns, we therefore present relevant discussion and offer perspectives on the development of next-generation sclerostin inhibitors by following several ways, such as concomitant medication, artificial intelligence-based strategy, druggable modification, and bispecific inhibitors strategy.
文摘The field of neuromodulation has experienced significant advancements in the past decade,owing to breakthroughs in disciplines such as materials science,genetics,bioengineering,photonics,and beyond.The convergence of these fields has resulted in the development of nanotransducers,devices that harness the synergies of these diverse disciplines.These nanotransducers,essential for neuromodulation,often draw inspiration from energy conversion processes found in nature for their unique modalities.In this review,we will delve into the latest advancements in wireless neuromodulation facilitated by optical,magnetic,and mechanical nanotransducers.We will examine their working principles,properties,advantages,and limitations in comparison to current methods for deep brain neuromodulation,highlighting the impact of natural systems on their design and functionality.Additionally,we will underscore potential future directions,emphasizing how continued progress in materials science,neuroscience,and bioengineering might expand the horizons of what is achievable with nanotransducer-enabled neuromodulation.
基金funded by NIH R01DK125260AHA 23IPA1042031(K.J.S.)NIH DK124265 and DK136526(J.Z.L.).
文摘The endocrine system is a fundamental type of long-range cell-cell communication that is important for maintaining metabolism,physiology,and other aspects of organismal homeostasis.Endocrine signaling is mediated by diverse blood-borne ligands,also called hormones,including metabolites,lipids,steroids,peptides,and proteins.The size and structure of these hormones are fine-tuned to make them bioactive,responsive,and adaptable to meet the demands of changing environments.Why has nature selected such diverse ligand types to mediate communication in the endocrine system?What is the chemical,signaling,or physiologic logic of these ligands?What fundamental principles from our knowledge of endocrine communication can be applied as we continue as a field to uncover additional new circulating molecules that are claimed to mediate long-range cell and tissue crosstalk?This review provides a framework based on the biochemical logic behind this crosstalk with respect to their chemistry,temporal regulation in physiology,specificity,signaling actions,and evolutionary development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32241015,81822017)The Lingang Laboratory(LG-QS-202203-10)+1 种基金The Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(20181715)The Shanghai Municipal Commis-sion of Health(2022JC016).
文摘Among substances,opiates and psychostimulants are responsible for the most significant public health problems,yet few studies have characterized their similarities or differences in the cortical plasticity of individuals with these substance related problems.This investigation utilized concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography(TMS-EEG)to examine cortical plasticity characteristics of individuals with heroin and methamphetamine related substance use disorder(SUD)relative to healthy controls.TMS-EEG data were collected from healthy control subjects(N=35),subjects with heroin(N=72)and methamphetamine(N=69)use disorder.The data were analyzed using our fully-automated artifact rejection algorithm(ARTIST).Analyses were performed separately for F3,F4 and P3 stimulation sites.Linear mixed effects models were used to examine Group(heroin,methamphetamine,healthy control)x Time(pre,post single-session rTMS)interactions.To evaluate plasticity differences across groups,we observed the changes in single pulse TMS before and after single-session of rTMS.There was no change in alpha power after stimulation of the F3 or F4 sites across groups.The alpha power of the control group was significantly decreased when stimulating the P3 site,while there was no significant change in alpha power for either drug group during the same time window.The beta power of the healthy control group increased significantly when the F3 site was stimulated.In contrast,there was no significant change in either the methamphetamine or heroin group.Following a single-session of rTMS intervention,there was a significant difference in alpha-band power between the healthy control group and the two drug groups.Taking together,the study findings identified differential plasticity effects in the two types of SUD population,and highlighted the network effects of rTMS.The findings point to an exciting future path for using rTMS to test new plasticity-based interventions for treating drug addiction.
文摘Flow batteries represent a promising technology for storing electrical energy in circulating electrolyte solutions that contain redox-active chemicals.Inspired by the redox flow battery,in this paper we describe the concept and implementation of an optical flow battery,which stores photon energy in circulating nanophosphor colloids.Similar to the redox flow battery,the optical flow battery enables the conversion between photon energy and chemical energy in a rechargeable manner,facilitating distributed energy storage by decoupling energy and power.We characterized basic cell attributes and performance metrics of this prototype optical flow battery in the context of common assessment methods for conventional redox flow batteries.We envision that this optical flow battery may provide a useful tool for solar energy storage,light delivery in live animals,and light-based therapy,diagnosis,and surgery in medicine.
