One of the major challenges that clinicians face is in the difficulties of accurately monitoring disease progression.Prostate cancer is among these diseases and greatly affects the health of men globally.Circulating t...One of the major challenges that clinicians face is in the difficulties of accurately monitoring disease progression.Prostate cancer is among these diseases and greatly affects the health of men globally.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are a rare population of cancer cells that have shed from the primary tumor and entered the peripheral circulation.Not until recently,clinical applications of CTCs have been limited to using enumeration as a prognostic tool in Oncology.However,advances in emerging CTC technologies point toward new applications that could revolutionize the field of prostate cancer.It is now possible to study CTCs as components of a liquid biopsy based on morphological phenotypes,biochemical analyses,and genomic profiling.These advances allow us to gain insight into the heterogeneity and dynamics of cancer biology and to further study the mechanisms behind the evolution of therapeutic resistance.These recent developments utilizing CTCs for clinical applications will greatly impact the future of prostate cancer research and pave the way towards personalized care for men.展开更多
The unavailability of accurate and reliable methods for early ovarian cancer detection represents a major gap in ovarian cancer diagnosis and management.The emergence and recent integration of machine learning with ca...The unavailability of accurate and reliable methods for early ovarian cancer detection represents a major gap in ovarian cancer diagnosis and management.The emergence and recent integration of machine learning with cancer diagnostic techniques,particularly biomarker-based blood tests,have the potential to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of ovarian cancer detection substantially.Herein,we leverage a series of machine learning and statistical approaches to analyze clinically relevant data sets of more than 300 patients with ovarian tumors and 47 blood-obtained features to distinguish between cancerous and benign tumors.We found that HE4,CA125,menopausal status,and age were some of the most important features distinguishing cancerous from benign ovarian tumors in all patient populations.Age was noted to be a critical feature with cancer discriminatory power only in premenopausal patients but less so in postmenopausal patients.Systematic consideration of patient menopausal status,types of machine learning algorithms,and number of clinical features is necessary prior to ovarian cancer screening to yield more accurate and reliable diagnostic results.Overall,this study provides deeper insight into the use of machine learning,feature selection,and other relevant quantitative approaches to advance ovarian cancer diagnosis to improve patient outcomes.展开更多
The size of nanodrugs plays a crucial role in shaping their chemical and physical characteristics,consequently influencing their therapeutic and diagnostic interactions within biological systems.The optimal size of na...The size of nanodrugs plays a crucial role in shaping their chemical and physical characteristics,consequently influencing their therapeutic and diagnostic interactions within biological systems.The optimal size of nanomedicines,whether small or large,offers distinct advantages in disease treatment,creating a dilemma in the selection process.Addressing this challenge,size-transformable nanodrugs have surfaced as a promising solution,as they can be tailored to entail the benefits associated with both small and large nanoparticles.In this review,various strategies are summarized for constructing size-transformable nanosystems with a focus on nanotherapeutic applications in the field of biomedicine.Particularly we highlight recent research developments in cancer therapy.This review aims to inspire researchers to further develop various toolboxes for fabricating size-transformable nanomedicines for improved intervention against diverse human diseases.展开更多
Peptide-based vaccines only contain peptide epitopes and exclude unnecessary biological materials,which greatly reduces the risk of causing an undesired immune response and further improves the safety profile,garnerin...Peptide-based vaccines only contain peptide epitopes and exclude unnecessary biological materials,which greatly reduces the risk of causing an undesired immune response and further improves the safety profile,garnering considerable interest in vaccine development.However,the immunogenicity induced by these peptides alone is not potent enough to elicit an effective immune response.Recently,combining the adjuvants with peptide antigens has shown promising effects to realize a satisfying immune response.In this review,we discuss the development of immunoadjuvants to enhance the safety and efficacy of peptide-based vaccines.The emphasis is placed on the application and clinical translation of nanotechnology-based adjuvants,highlighting the associated challenges and exploring future directions.展开更多
Dear Editor,Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)are membranous nanovesicles involved in intercellular,communication that carry distinct cellderived molecular cargo.1 We previously characterised sEVs from human non-malig...Dear Editor,Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)are membranous nanovesicles involved in intercellular,communication that carry distinct cellderived molecular cargo.1 We previously characterised sEVs from human non-malignant pancreatic duct cells(HPDE,hTERT-HPNE)and from PDAC cells(AsPC-1,BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2)2 and identified protein cargo-specific to cancer-associated sEVs?Among the proteins uniquely expressed in cancer sEVs but not in those from non-malignant cells,we focused on SLC5A3,also known as SMIT1(sodium-coupled Myo-inositol transporter-1).展开更多
Cellular nanovesicles which are referred to as cell-derived,nanosized lipid bilayer structures,have emerged as a promising platform for regulating immune responses.Owing to their outstanding advantages such as high bi...Cellular nanovesicles which are referred to as cell-derived,nanosized lipid bilayer structures,have emerged as a promising platform for regulating immune responses.Owing to their outstanding advantages such as high biocompatibility,prominent structural stability,and high loading capacity,cellular nanovesicles are suitable for delivering various immunomodulatory molecules,such as small molecules,nucleic acids,peptides,and proteins.Immunomodulation induced by cellular nanovesicles has been exploited to modulate immune cell behaviors,which is considered as a novel cell-free immunotherapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of diverse diseases.Here we review emerging concepts and new advances in leveraging cellular nanovesicles to activate or suppress immune responses,with the aim to explicate their applications for immunomodulation.We overview the general considerations and principles for the design of engineered cellular nanovesicles with tailored immunomodulatory activities.We also discuss new advances in engineering cellular nanovesicles as immunotherapies for treating major diseases.展开更多
基金The authors would like to extend thanks to the following organizations and groups for their continued support of CTC research efforts at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute:St.Anthony Fund for Prostate Cancer Discover,CD McKinnon Memorial Fund for Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancers,Michael&Trisha Berns Family Fund for Discovery,Steven Spielberg Family Prostate Cancer Discovery Fund,Prostate Cancer Research Program of the US Department of Defense(W81XWH-11-1-0422)Prostate Cancer Foundation,Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer(1U01CA198900-01)the National Cancer Institute.
文摘One of the major challenges that clinicians face is in the difficulties of accurately monitoring disease progression.Prostate cancer is among these diseases and greatly affects the health of men globally.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are a rare population of cancer cells that have shed from the primary tumor and entered the peripheral circulation.Not until recently,clinical applications of CTCs have been limited to using enumeration as a prognostic tool in Oncology.However,advances in emerging CTC technologies point toward new applications that could revolutionize the field of prostate cancer.It is now possible to study CTCs as components of a liquid biopsy based on morphological phenotypes,biochemical analyses,and genomic profiling.These advances allow us to gain insight into the heterogeneity and dynamics of cancer biology and to further study the mechanisms behind the evolution of therapeutic resistance.These recent developments utilizing CTCs for clinical applications will greatly impact the future of prostate cancer research and pave the way towards personalized care for men.
文摘The unavailability of accurate and reliable methods for early ovarian cancer detection represents a major gap in ovarian cancer diagnosis and management.The emergence and recent integration of machine learning with cancer diagnostic techniques,particularly biomarker-based blood tests,have the potential to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of ovarian cancer detection substantially.Herein,we leverage a series of machine learning and statistical approaches to analyze clinically relevant data sets of more than 300 patients with ovarian tumors and 47 blood-obtained features to distinguish between cancerous and benign tumors.We found that HE4,CA125,menopausal status,and age were some of the most important features distinguishing cancerous from benign ovarian tumors in all patient populations.Age was noted to be a critical feature with cancer discriminatory power only in premenopausal patients but less so in postmenopausal patients.Systematic consideration of patient menopausal status,types of machine learning algorithms,and number of clinical features is necessary prior to ovarian cancer screening to yield more accurate and reliable diagnostic results.Overall,this study provides deeper insight into the use of machine learning,feature selection,and other relevant quantitative approaches to advance ovarian cancer diagnosis to improve patient outcomes.
基金supported in part by Startup and Retention Funds from the R.Ken Coit College of Pharmacy at The University of Arizona(UArizona),a PhRMA Foundation Faculty Starter Grant in Drug Delivery,UArizona Cancer Center Internal Pilot Award,and the National Institutes of Health(NIH)grants(R35GM147002 and R01CA272487).
文摘The size of nanodrugs plays a crucial role in shaping their chemical and physical characteristics,consequently influencing their therapeutic and diagnostic interactions within biological systems.The optimal size of nanomedicines,whether small or large,offers distinct advantages in disease treatment,creating a dilemma in the selection process.Addressing this challenge,size-transformable nanodrugs have surfaced as a promising solution,as they can be tailored to entail the benefits associated with both small and large nanoparticles.In this review,various strategies are summarized for constructing size-transformable nanosystems with a focus on nanotherapeutic applications in the field of biomedicine.Particularly we highlight recent research developments in cancer therapy.This review aims to inspire researchers to further develop various toolboxes for fabricating size-transformable nanomedicines for improved intervention against diverse human diseases.
基金supported in part by Startup and Retention Funds from the R.Ken Coit College of Pharmacy at The University of Arizona(UArizona)a PhRMA Foundation Faculty Starter Grant in Drug Delivery,UArizona Comprehensive Cancer Center(UACCC)Internal Pilot Awardthe National Institutes of Health(NIH)grants(Nos.R35GM147002 and R01CA272487).
文摘Peptide-based vaccines only contain peptide epitopes and exclude unnecessary biological materials,which greatly reduces the risk of causing an undesired immune response and further improves the safety profile,garnering considerable interest in vaccine development.However,the immunogenicity induced by these peptides alone is not potent enough to elicit an effective immune response.Recently,combining the adjuvants with peptide antigens has shown promising effects to realize a satisfying immune response.In this review,we discuss the development of immunoadjuvants to enhance the safety and efficacy of peptide-based vaccines.The emphasis is placed on the application and clinical translation of nanotechnology-based adjuvants,highlighting the associated challenges and exploring future directions.
基金supported by National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC,MRF2015523,APP1141946)Helen Amelia Hains Fellowship(D.W.G.)and Department of Defense(PR230065)supported by the Snow Medical Research Fellowship,NHMRC Investigator 2027300 and Philip Hemstritch Fellowship.
文摘Dear Editor,Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)are membranous nanovesicles involved in intercellular,communication that carry distinct cellderived molecular cargo.1 We previously characterised sEVs from human non-malignant pancreatic duct cells(HPDE,hTERT-HPNE)and from PDAC cells(AsPC-1,BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2)2 and identified protein cargo-specific to cancer-associated sEVs?Among the proteins uniquely expressed in cancer sEVs but not in those from non-malignant cells,we focused on SLC5A3,also known as SMIT1(sodium-coupled Myo-inositol transporter-1).
基金support from the College of Pharmacy at University of Illinois Chicago。
文摘Cellular nanovesicles which are referred to as cell-derived,nanosized lipid bilayer structures,have emerged as a promising platform for regulating immune responses.Owing to their outstanding advantages such as high biocompatibility,prominent structural stability,and high loading capacity,cellular nanovesicles are suitable for delivering various immunomodulatory molecules,such as small molecules,nucleic acids,peptides,and proteins.Immunomodulation induced by cellular nanovesicles has been exploited to modulate immune cell behaviors,which is considered as a novel cell-free immunotherapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of diverse diseases.Here we review emerging concepts and new advances in leveraging cellular nanovesicles to activate or suppress immune responses,with the aim to explicate their applications for immunomodulation.We overview the general considerations and principles for the design of engineered cellular nanovesicles with tailored immunomodulatory activities.We also discuss new advances in engineering cellular nanovesicles as immunotherapies for treating major diseases.
