AIM： To investigate the anti-fibrosis effect of rosmarinic acid（RA） in pterygium epithelial cells（PECs） to determine if RA is a potent agent for treating pterygium.METHODS： The PECs（1×10-4 cells/mL） were ...AIM： To investigate the anti-fibrosis effect of rosmarinic acid（RA） in pterygium epithelial cells（PECs） to determine if RA is a potent agent for treating pterygium.METHODS： The PECs（1×10-4 cells/mL） were treated with 100 μmol/L of RA for 1, 3 and 6h. After RA treatment, the cell viability was determined by staining with acridine orange/DAPI and analysis via a NucleoC ounter NC-3000. The protein expression levels of type I collagen, transforming growth factor beta-1（TGF-β1）, TGF-β type Ⅱ receptor（TGF-βRⅡ）, p-Smad1/5, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad4 of the cell lysates were measured by Western blot analysis.RESULTS： The cell viability of PECs was significantly decreased after RA treatment（P〈0.01）. As the result, RA reduced the protein expression of typeⅠcollagen and TGF-β1 of PECs. Additionally, RA also inhibited TGF-β1/Smad signaling by decreasing the protein expressions of TGF-βRII, p-Smad1/5, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad4.CONCLUSION： This study demonstrate that RA could inhibit fibrosis of PECs by down-regulating type I collagen expression and TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Therefore, RA is a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of pterygium.展开更多
This paper talks about how to insist staying in changed mindset based on the assigned cognitive reframing principles,andfinally the changed mindset become a forever psychological status by PSI model proposed by this s...This paper talks about how to insist staying in changed mindset based on the assigned cognitive reframing principles,andfinally the changed mindset become a forever psychological status by PSI model proposed by this study.P is the cognitive reframing principle of positive psychology,happiness in this case;S is self-efficacy,which plays the important role in maintaining the stress taker to psychologically stay in the changed mindset in the long run.I represent of insisting power,the mental toughness to against the adverse negative emotions.Improving university students’stress coping skills through the psychological dynamics formed by cognitive reframing principles of positive psychology,self-efficacy,and mental toughness will help them effectively deal with stressful events.This study aims to reduce university students’stress level by increasing their ability to cope with stress,and improving their life satisfaction by understanding the mechanism for mindset-shift of university students and proposal of the new PSI reframing model for creating a new path to let students view stressors as challenge,not hindrance.Theories adopted in this study include cognitive reframing principles,appraisal theory,hindrance-challenge theory,cognitive reframing the schema.In the introduction section,the authors will clearly depict the logics for utilization of these theories in supporting the proposed PSI model.This research was divided into two studies.Study 1 postulated that cognitive reframing principles of positive psychology,self-efficacy,and mental toughness have a positive mediating effect in the causal relationship between university students’stress level and life satisfaction.Findings revealed that stressful life events negatively predict the level of LS.Also,PP,SE,and MT exert a positive and significant impact on the relationship between stressful life events and LS.PP strengthens individuals’perception of stressful life events as chal-lenges instead of hindrances.This study showed that individuals need to think positively and develop self-efficacy in order to generate mental toughness when confronted with challenges from stressful life events,and needs to have self-efficacy and confidence towards cognitive reframing principles of positive psychology in their mind,andfinally form a mental toughness competence to protect the newly changed mindset in the long run.展开更多
This study aims to probe into the core competencies, as should be possessed by the managerial work forces of firms, from the perspective of employers’ in small and medium enterprises. The findings can serve as refere...This study aims to probe into the core competencies, as should be possessed by the managerial work forces of firms, from the perspective of employers’ in small and medium enterprises. The findings can serve as references for planning core courses of employee training and labor employment. Based on the research purposes, this study adopted revised DACUM, conducted literature review, and applied a questionnaire survey. The subjects were the members of SMEs Honor Instructor Association of Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan, and the Society of Management Science. Random sampling was used, with the number of employees as the units. The valid return rate was 24.2%. After testing goodness of fit of K-S single samples, this study found that a corporate management work force should have 11 items of core competencies, and 35 items of secondary competency.展开更多
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan(No.NSC 106-2314-B-212-004)
文摘AIM： To investigate the anti-fibrosis effect of rosmarinic acid（RA） in pterygium epithelial cells（PECs） to determine if RA is a potent agent for treating pterygium.METHODS： The PECs（1×10-4 cells/mL） were treated with 100 μmol/L of RA for 1, 3 and 6h. After RA treatment, the cell viability was determined by staining with acridine orange/DAPI and analysis via a NucleoC ounter NC-3000. The protein expression levels of type I collagen, transforming growth factor beta-1（TGF-β1）, TGF-β type Ⅱ receptor（TGF-βRⅡ）, p-Smad1/5, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad4 of the cell lysates were measured by Western blot analysis.RESULTS： The cell viability of PECs was significantly decreased after RA treatment（P〈0.01）. As the result, RA reduced the protein expression of typeⅠcollagen and TGF-β1 of PECs. Additionally, RA also inhibited TGF-β1/Smad signaling by decreasing the protein expressions of TGF-βRII, p-Smad1/5, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad4.CONCLUSION： This study demonstrate that RA could inhibit fibrosis of PECs by down-regulating type I collagen expression and TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Therefore, RA is a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of pterygium.
基金funding of the Special Taiwan Talent Fund of Lingnan Normal University(ZW2007)for this study.
文摘This paper talks about how to insist staying in changed mindset based on the assigned cognitive reframing principles,andfinally the changed mindset become a forever psychological status by PSI model proposed by this study.P is the cognitive reframing principle of positive psychology,happiness in this case;S is self-efficacy,which plays the important role in maintaining the stress taker to psychologically stay in the changed mindset in the long run.I represent of insisting power,the mental toughness to against the adverse negative emotions.Improving university students’stress coping skills through the psychological dynamics formed by cognitive reframing principles of positive psychology,self-efficacy,and mental toughness will help them effectively deal with stressful events.This study aims to reduce university students’stress level by increasing their ability to cope with stress,and improving their life satisfaction by understanding the mechanism for mindset-shift of university students and proposal of the new PSI reframing model for creating a new path to let students view stressors as challenge,not hindrance.Theories adopted in this study include cognitive reframing principles,appraisal theory,hindrance-challenge theory,cognitive reframing the schema.In the introduction section,the authors will clearly depict the logics for utilization of these theories in supporting the proposed PSI model.This research was divided into two studies.Study 1 postulated that cognitive reframing principles of positive psychology,self-efficacy,and mental toughness have a positive mediating effect in the causal relationship between university students’stress level and life satisfaction.Findings revealed that stressful life events negatively predict the level of LS.Also,PP,SE,and MT exert a positive and significant impact on the relationship between stressful life events and LS.PP strengthens individuals’perception of stressful life events as chal-lenges instead of hindrances.This study showed that individuals need to think positively and develop self-efficacy in order to generate mental toughness when confronted with challenges from stressful life events,and needs to have self-efficacy and confidence towards cognitive reframing principles of positive psychology in their mind,andfinally form a mental toughness competence to protect the newly changed mindset in the long run.
文摘This study aims to probe into the core competencies, as should be possessed by the managerial work forces of firms, from the perspective of employers’ in small and medium enterprises. The findings can serve as references for planning core courses of employee training and labor employment. Based on the research purposes, this study adopted revised DACUM, conducted literature review, and applied a questionnaire survey. The subjects were the members of SMEs Honor Instructor Association of Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan, and the Society of Management Science. Random sampling was used, with the number of employees as the units. The valid return rate was 24.2%. After testing goodness of fit of K-S single samples, this study found that a corporate management work force should have 11 items of core competencies, and 35 items of secondary competency.
