In EUV and X- ray regions, multilayer mirrors are the essential and necessary optics elements. The good prospects of the EUV and X- rays for next generation lithography system, microscopy in the “water windows”, ast...In EUV and X- ray regions, multilayer mirrors are the essential and necessary optics elements. The good prospects of the EUV and X- rays for next generation lithography system, microscopy in the “water windows”, astro- nomical telescope, spectroscopy, plasma diagnostics, and X- ray laser have impelled the development of multilayer optics. The paper introduces the recent results of the multilayer optics elements in Tongji University, including beam splitters, broadband/angular polarizers, supermirrors and high- reflectance mirrors. The product of reflectivity and transmissivity is above 4% for the Mo/Si multilayer beam splitter. Over the 15￣17 nm wavelength range, the s- re- flectivity of the non- periodic Mo/Si broadband multilayer polarizers is reasonably constant, as high as 36.6%, and the degree of polarization is more than 97.8%. At the fixed energy of 8 keV (Cu Kαline), the W/Si supermirror has the reflectivity of above 30% in the angle range of 0.4°￣0.85°, and a W/B4C supermirror has the reflectivity of about 20% in the angle range of 0.9°￣1.2°, and the reflectivity of W/C supermirror working in the grazing incident angle range of 0.9°￣1.2°is about 20%. The experimental results of some high- reflectance mirrors in our lab are also pre- sented, such as Mo/Si, Mo/Y, Cr/C, La/B4C, Si/C and Si/SiC. The reflectivity of Mo/Si multilayer is as high as 61.1% at wavelength of 13.4 nm.展开更多
Background:Academic stress is a critical factor influencing university students’well-being.However,research has shown that stress is not a unidimensional construct;different types of stressors(challenge vs.hindrance)...Background:Academic stress is a critical factor influencing university students’well-being.However,research has shown that stress is not a unidimensional construct;different types of stressors(challenge vs.hindrance)may lead to distinct outcomes.This study constructed a structural equation model(SEM)to examine the relationships between challenge and hindrance academic stressors and students’well-being,as well as the mediating mechanisms.Methods:Data were collected from 836 undergraduates at six universities in China(58.4%female,41.6%male;Mean age=20.47±1.46 years).Descriptive statistics,Pearson correlations,and SEM with 5000 bootstrap resamples were conducted to test hypothesized paths and mediating effects.Results:Direct path analysis revealed that challenge stressors positively predicted meaning in life(β=0.329,p<0.001)but not academic self-efficacy(β=-0.004,p=0.915),while hindrance stressors negatively predicted meaning in life(β=-0.371,p<0.001).Meaning in life strongly predicted academic self-efficacy(β=0.543,p<0.001)and well-being(β=0.301,p<0.001),and academic self-efficacy further contributed to well-being(β=0.190,p<0.001).Bootstrapping confirmed that meaning in life significantly mediated the effects of both challenge(β=0.099,95%CI[0.063,0.144])and hindrance stressors(β=-0.112,95%CI[-0.162,-0.076])on well-being.The serial mediation pathway was also significant for both models(challenge:β=0.034,95%CI[0.019,0.049];hindrance:β=-0.038,95%CI[-0.057,-0.024]).Conclusions:This study partially validates the dual-pathway model of academic stress in higher education and highlights the pivotal roles of meaning in life and academic self-efficacy in the stress-well-being relationship.展开更多
Stroke,particularly ischemic stroke,is the leading cause of long-term disability and mortality worldwide.It occurs due to the occlusion of the cerebral arteries,which significantly reduces the delivery of blood,oxygen...Stroke,particularly ischemic stroke,is the leading cause of long-term disability and mortality worldwide.It occurs due to the occlusion of the cerebral arteries,which significantly reduces the delivery of blood,oxygen,and essential nutrients to brain tissues.This deprivation triggers a cascade of cellular events that ultimately leads to neuronal death.Recent studies have clarified the multifactorial pathogenesis of ischemic stroke,highlighting the roles of energy failure,excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,and apoptosis.This review aimed to provide a comprehensive insight into the fundamental mechanisms driving neuronal death triggered by ischemia and to examine the progress of neuroprotective therapeutic approaches designed to mitigate neuronal loss and promote neurological recovery after a stroke.Additionally,we explored widely accepted findings regarding the potential pathways implicated in neuronal death during ischemic stroke,including the interplay of apoptosis,autophagy,pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and necrosis,which collectively influence neuronal fate.We also discussed advancements in neuroprotective therapeutics,encompassing a range of interventions from pharmacological modulation to stem cell-based therapies,aimed at reducing neuronal injury and enhancing functional recovery following ischemic stroke.Despite these advancements,challenges remain in translating mechanistic insights into effective clinical therapies.Although neuroprotective strategies have shown promise in preclinical models,their efficacy in human trials has been inconsistent,often due to the complex pathology of ischemic stroke and the timing of interventions.In conclusion,this review synthesizes mechanistic insights into the intricate interplay of molecular and cellular pathways driving neuronal death post-ischemia.It sheds light on cutting-edge advancements in potential neuroprotective therapeutics,underscores the promise of regenerative medicine,and offers a forward-looking perspective on potential clinical breakthroughs.The ongoing evolution of precision-targeted interventions is expected to significantly enhance preventative strategies and improve clinical outcomes.展开更多
Stroke is the leading cause of mortality globally,ultimately leading to severe,lifelong neurological impairments.Patients often suffer from a secondary cascade of damage,including neuroinflammation,cytotoxicity,oxidat...Stroke is the leading cause of mortality globally,ultimately leading to severe,lifelong neurological impairments.Patients often suffer from a secondary cascade of damage,including neuroinflammation,cytotoxicity,oxidative stress,and mitochondrial dysfunction.Regrettably,there is a paucity of clinically available therapeutics to address these issues.Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal roles of astrocytes,the most abundant glial cells in the brain,throughout the various stages of ischemic stroke.In this comprehensive review,we initially provide an overview of the fundamental physiological functions of astrocytes in the brain,emphasizing their critical role in modulating neuronal homeostasis,synaptic activity,and blood-brain barrier integrity.We then delve into the growing body of evidence that highlights the functional diversity and heterogeneity of astrocytes in the context of ischemic stroke.Their well-established contributions to energy provision,metabolic regulation,and neurotransmitter homeostasis,as well as their emerging roles in mitochondrial recovery,neuroinflammation regulation,and oxidative stress modulation following ischemic injury,are discussed in detail.We also explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning these functions,with particular emphasis on recently identified targets within astrocytes that offer promising prospects for therapeutic intervention.In the final section of this review,we offer a detailed overview of the current therapeutic strategies targeting astrocytes in the treatment of ischemic stroke.These astrocyte-targeting strategies are categorized into traditional small-molecule drugs,microRNAs(miRNAs),stem cell-based therapies,cellular reprogramming,hydrogels,and extracellular vesicles.By summarizing the current understanding of astrocyte functions and therapeutic targeting approaches,we aim to highlight the critical roles of astrocytes during and after stroke,particularly in the pathophysiological development in ischemic stroke.We also emphasize promising avenues for novel,astrocyte-targeted therapeutics that could become clinically available options,ultimately improving outcomes for patients with stroke.展开更多
Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.This study aimed to identify key genes involved in HCC development and elucidate their molecular mechanisms,wi...Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.This study aimed to identify key genes involved in HCC development and elucidate their molecular mechanisms,with a particular focus on mitochondrial function and apoptosis.Methods:Differential expression analyses were performed across three datasets—The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma(LIHC),GSE36076,and GSE95698—to identify overlapping differentially expressed genes(DEGs).A prognostic risk model was then constructed.Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 1(CSRNP1)expression levels in HCC cell lines were assessed via western blot(WB)and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The effects of CSRNP1 knockdown or overexpression on cell proliferation,migration,and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting-8(CCK-8)assays,Transwell assays,and flow cytometry.Mitochondrial ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy,and intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mROS)levels were measured using specific fluorescent probes.WB was used to assess activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway,and pathway dependence was examined using the ROS scavenger N-Acetylcysteine(NAC)and the JNK inhibitor SP600125.Results:A six-gene prognostic model was established,comprising downregulated genes(NR4A1 and CSRNP1)and upregulated genes(CENPQ,YAE1,FANCF,and POC5)in HCC.Functional experiments revealed that CSRNP1 knockdown promoted the proliferation of HCC cells and suppressed their apoptosis.Conversely,CSRNP1 overexpression impaired mitochondrial integrity,increased both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ROS levels,and activated the JNK/p38 MAPK pathway.Notably,treatment with NAC or SP600125 attenuated CSRNP1-induced MAPK activation and apoptosis.Conclusion:CSRNP1 is a novel prognostic biomarker and tumor suppressor in HCC.It exerts anti-tumor effects by inducing oxidative stress and activating the JNK/p38 MAPK pathway in a ROS-dependent manner.These findings suggest that CSRNP1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the management of HCC.展开更多
Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including ...Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),endoscopic imaging,and genomic profiles-to enable intelligent decision-making for individualized therapy.This approach leverages AI algorithms to fuse imaging,endoscopic,and omics data,facilitating comprehensive characterization of tumor biology,prediction of treatment response,and optimization of therapeutic strategies.By combining CT and MRI for structural assessment,endoscopic data for real-time visual inspection,and genomic information for molecular profiling,multimodal AI enhances the accuracy of patient stratification and treatment personalization.The clinical implementation of this technology demonstrates potential for improving patient outcomes,advancing precision oncology,and supporting individualized care in gastrointestinal cancers.Ultimately,multimodal AI serves as a transformative tool in oncology,bridging data integration with clinical application to effectively tailor therapies.展开更多
Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors,but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains...Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors,but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains a confusing topic.Here we develop a hydrogen-bond-oriented interfacial super-assembly strategy to custom-tailor nanosheet-intertwined spherical carbon superstructures(SCSs)for Zn-ion storage with double-high capacitive activity and durability.Tetrachlorobenzoquinone(H-bond acceptor)and dimethylbenzidine(H-bond donator)can interact to form organic nanosheet modules,which are sequentially assembled,orientally compacted and densified into well-orchestrated superstructures through multiple H-bonds(N-H···O).Featured with rich surface-active heterodiatomic motifs,more exposed nanoporous channels,and successive charge migration paths,SCSs cathode promises high accessibility of built-in zincophilic sites and rapid ion diffusion with low energy barriers(3.3Ωs-0.5).Consequently,the assembled Zn||SCSs capacitor harvests all-round improvement in Zn-ion storage metrics,including high energy density(166 Wh kg-1),high-rate performance(172 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)),and long-lasting cycling lifespan(95.5%capacity retention after 500,000 cycles).An opposite chargecarrier storage mechanism is rationalized for SCSs cathode to maximize spatial capacitive charge storage,involving high-kinetics physical Zn^(2+)/CF_(3)SO_(3)-adsorption and chemical Zn^(2+)redox with carbonyl/pyridine groups.This work gives insights into H-bond-guided interfacial superassembly design of superstructural carbons toward advanced energy storage.展开更多
Industrial activities have caused widespread arsenic(As)contamination in soil and medicinal crops across south-ern Asia.This study constructed interplanting systems combing medicinal crops with Pteris vittata L.,aimin...Industrial activities have caused widespread arsenic(As)contamination in soil and medicinal crops across south-ern Asia.This study constructed interplanting systems combing medicinal crops with Pteris vittata L.,aiming to mitigate the risk of As exposure in medicinal crops,while simultaneously achieving ecological remediation of contaminated soil.The results revealed that interplanting with P.vittata significantly enhanced the yield of Gynos-temma pentaphyllum by 31.90%(P<0.05)compared with monoculture systems.Under monoculture conditions,the As concentration in G.pentaphyllum leaves reached 2.34 mg/kg,exceeding the national food safety standard(GB2762–2017,2 mg/kg).However,interplanting with P.vittata effectively reduced the As concentration in G.pentaphyllum leaves to 1.82 mg/kg.Furthermore,the interplanting of P.vittata with Rhus chinensis significantly inhibited As translocation from belowground to aboveground tissues in R.chinensis.Compared to monoculture,the stem biomass of P.vittata was significantly increased by 57.50%and 70.32%when interplanted with G.pentaphyllum and Cassia obtusifolia L.(P<0.05).So the As enrichment of P.vittata was enhanced in interplanting systems,which is beneficial for the As removal from contaminated soil.The study demonstrated that interplant-ing primarily regulates plant As uptake through modifications of rhizosphere physicochemical properties and As bioavailability,especially for water-soluble As that is easily absorbed by plants.In conclusion,the interplant-ing models integrating medicinal crops and P.vittata can achieve the goal of“remediating while producing”in As-contaminated soil.展开更多
Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have garnered significant attention in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries for their potential to mitigate the severe polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics.However,the development...Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have garnered significant attention in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries for their potential to mitigate the severe polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics.However,the development of highly efficient SACs and a comprehensive understanding of their structure-activity relationships remain enormously challenging.Herein,a novel kind of Fe-based SAC featuring an asymmetric FeN_(5)-TeN_(4) coordination structure was precisely designed by introducing Te atom adjacent to the Fe active center to enhance the catalytic activity.Theoretical calculations reveal that the neighboring Te atom modulates the local coordination environment of the central Fe site,elevating the d-band center closer to the Fermi level and strengthening the d-p orbital hybridization between the catalyst and sulfur species,thereby immobilizing polysulfides and improving the bidirectional catalysis of Li-S redox.Consequently,the Fe-Te atom pair catalyst endows Li-S batteries with exceptional rate performance,achieving a high specific capacity of 735 mAh g^(−1) at 5 C,and remarkable cycling stability with a low decay rate of 0.038%per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 C.This work provides fundamental insights into the electronic structure modulation of SACs and establishes a clear correlation between precisely engineered atomic configurations and their enhanced catalytic performance in Li-S electrochemistry.展开更多
We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-...We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2(SHANS2),a gas-filled recoil separator located at the China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements(CAFE2).In total,20 decay chains are attributed to ^(288)Mc and 1 decay chain is assigned to ^(287)Mc.The measured oa-decay properties of ^(287,288)Mc as well as its descendants are consistent with the known data.No additional decay chains originating from the 2n or 5n reaction channels were detected.The excitation function of the ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,3n)^(288)Mc reaction was measured at the cross-section level of picobarn,which indicates the promising capability for the study of heavy and superheavy nuclei at the facility.展开更多
The hospital medical crisis management is the strategy adopted by hospitals for medical crisis.It aims to minimize the loss brought about by medical crisis to the hospital through management.By using 4R theory of cris...The hospital medical crisis management is the strategy adopted by hospitals for medical crisis.It aims to minimize the loss brought about by medical crisis to the hospital through management.By using 4R theory of crisis management and taking the incident of"sky-high medical expenses"happened in Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University as an example,we study how to improve and perfect the medical crisis management strategy of hospitals in our country.As a result,we think hospitals can improve the crisis management strategy from four aspects of curtailment,preparation,reaction and resilience,so as to solve this issue appropriately,protect the legitimate rights and interests of patients to the greatest extent and promote the sustainable development of the hospital.展开更多
Purpose:Strong primary health care(PHC)systems require well‐established PHC education systems to enhance the skills of general practitioners(GPs).However,the literature on the experiences of international collaborati...Purpose:Strong primary health care(PHC)systems require well‐established PHC education systems to enhance the skills of general practitioners(GPs).However,the literature on the experiences of international collaboration in primary care education in low‐and middle‐income countries remains limited.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation and perceived impact of the McGill‐Tongji Blended Education Program for Teacher Leaders in General Practice(referred to as the“Tongji Program”).Methods:In 2020–2021,the McGill Department of Family Medicine(Montreal,Canada)and Tongji University School of Medicine(TUSM,Shanghai,China)jointly implemented the Tongji Program in Shanghai,China to improve the teaching capacity of PHC teachers.We conducted an exploratory longitudinal case study with a mixed methods design for the evaluation.Quantitative(QUAN)data was collected through questionnaire surveys and qualitative(QUAL)data was collected through focus group discussions.Results:The evaluation showed that learners in Tongji Program were primarily female GPs(21/22,95%)with less than 4 years of experience in teaching(16/22,73%).This program was considered a successful learning experience by most participants(19/22,86%)with higher order learning tasks such as critical thinking and problem‐solving.They also agreed that this program helped them feel more prepared to teach(21/22,95%),and developed a positive attitude toward primary care(21/22,95%).The QUAL interview revealed that both the Tongji and McGill organizers noted that TUSM showed strong leadership in organization,education,and coordination.Both students and teachers agreed that by adapting training content into contextualized delivery formats and settings,the Tongji Program successfully overcame language and technology barriers.Conclusions:Committed partnerships and contextualization were key to the success of the Tongji Program.Future research should focus on how international primary care education programs affect learners'behavior in their practice settings,and explore barriers and facilitators to change.展开更多
Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart...Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.展开更多
Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-li...Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.展开更多
Based on inspection data,the authors analyze and summarize the main types and distribution characteristics of tunnel structural defects.These defects are classified into three types:surface defects,internal defects,an...Based on inspection data,the authors analyze and summarize the main types and distribution characteristics of tunnel structural defects.These defects are classified into three types:surface defects,internal defects,and defects behind the structure.To address the need for rapid detection of different defect types,the current state of rapid detection technologies and equipment,both domestically and internationally,is systematically reviewed.The research reveals that surface defect detection technologies and equipment have developed rapidly in recent years.Notably,the integration of machine vision and laser scanning technologies have significantly improved detection efficiency and accuracy,achieving crack detection precision of up to 0.1 mm.However,the non-contact rapid detection of internal and behind-the-structure defects remains constrained by hardware limitations,with traditional detection remaining dominant.Nevertheless,phased array radar,ultrasonic,and acoustic vibration detection technologies have become research hotspots in recent years,offering promising directions for detecting these challenging defect types.Additionally,the application of multisensor fusion technology in rapid detection equipment has further enhanced detection capabilities.Devices such as cameras,3D laser scanners,infrared thermal imagers,and radar demonstrate significant advantages in rapid detection.Future research in tunnel inspection should prioritize breakthroughs in rapid detection technologies for internal and behind-the-structure defects.Efforts should also focus on developing multifunctional integrated detection vehicles that can simultaneously inspect both surface and internal structures.Furthermore,progress in fully automated,intelligent systems with precise defect identification and real-time reporting will be essential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel inspection.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignancy with a substantial health burden and high mortality rate,despite advances in prevention,early detection,and treatment.Compared with the global average,Asia,notabl...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignancy with a substantial health burden and high mortality rate,despite advances in prevention,early detection,and treatment.Compared with the global average,Asia,notably China,reports disproportionately high GC incidences.The disease often progresses asymptoma-tically in the early stages,leading to delayed diagnosis and compromised out-comes.Thus,it is crucial to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and enhance treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.METHODS Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 148 patients with GC treated at the Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital between December 2022 and December 2023.The associations of coagulation indices-partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen,fibrinogen degradation products(FDP),fasting blood glucose,and D-dimer(D-D)with TNM stage and distant metastasis were examined.RESULTS Prolongation of APTT,PT,and TT was significantly correlated with the GC TNM stage.Hence,abnormal coagulation system activation was closely related to disease progression.Elevated FDP and D-D were significantly associated with distant metastasis in GC(P<0.05),suggesting that increased fibrinolytic activity contributes to increased metastatic risk.CONCLUSION Our Results reveal coagulation indices,FDPs as GC biomarkers,reflecting abnormal coagulation/fibrinolysis,aiding disease progression,metastasis prediction,and helping clinicians assess thrombotic risk for early intervention and personalized treatment plans.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,with an increasing trend and tendency for onset at a younger age.China,in particular,bears a high burden of stroke cases.In recent years,the inflamm...Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,with an increasing trend and tendency for onset at a younger age.China,in particular,bears a high burden of stroke cases.In recent years,the inflammatory response after stroke has become a research hotspot:understanding the role of inflammatory response in tissue damage and repair following ischemic stroke is an important direction for its treatment.This review summarizes several major cells involved in the inflammatory response following ischemic stroke,including microglia,neutrophils,monocytes,lymphocytes,and astrocytes.Additionally,we have also highlighted the recent progress in various treatments for ischemic stroke,particularly in the field of stem cell therapy.Overall,understanding the complex interactions between inflammation and ischemic stroke can provide valuable insights for developing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes.Stem cell therapy may potentially become an important component of ischemic stroke treatment.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within...Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within the brain.Lysosomes,crucial intracellular organelles responsible for protein degradation,play a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Some studies have suggested a link between the dysregulation of the lysosomal system and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease.Restoring the normal physiological function of lysosomes hold the potential to reduce the pathological burden and improve the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.Currently,the efficacy of drugs in treating Alzheimer’s disease is limited,with major challenges in drug delivery efficiency and targeting.Recently,nanomaterials have gained widespread use in Alzheimer’s disease drug research owing to their favorable physical and chemical properties.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using nanomaterials(polymeric nanomaterials,nanoemulsions,and carbon-based nanomaterials)to enhance lysosomal function in treating Alzheimer’s disease.This review also explores new concepts and potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease through the integration of nanomaterials and modulation of lysosomal function.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the potential of nanomaterials in modulating lysosomal function to improve the pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease.The application of nanotechnology to the development of Alzheimer’s disease drugs brings new ideas and approaches for future treatment of this disease.展开更多
Fenton and Fenton-like processes,which could produce highly reactive species to degrade organic contaminants,have been widely used in the field of wastewater treatment.Therein,the chemistry of Fenton process including...Fenton and Fenton-like processes,which could produce highly reactive species to degrade organic contaminants,have been widely used in the field of wastewater treatment.Therein,the chemistry of Fenton process including the nature of active oxidants,the complicated reactions involved,and the behind reason for its strongly pH-dependent performance,is the basis for the application of Fenton and Fenton-like processes in wastewater treatment.Nevertheless,the conflicting views still exist about the mechanism of the Fenton process.For instance,reaching a unanimous consensus on the nature of active oxidants(hydroxyl radical or tetravalent iron)in this process remains challenging.This review comprehensively examined the mechanism of the Fenton process including the debate on the nature of active oxidants,reactions involved in the Fenton process,and the behind reason for the pH-dependent degradation of contaminants in the Fenton process.Then,we summarized several strategies that promote the Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)cycle,reduce the competitive consumption of active oxidants by side reactions,and replace the Fenton reagent,thus improving the performance of the Fenton process.Furthermore,advances for the future were proposed including the demand for the high-accuracy identification of active oxidants and taking advantages of the characteristic of target contaminants during the degradation of contaminants by the Fenton process.展开更多
Nowadays,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography,which assesses deficiencies in dopamine synthesis,storage,and transport,is widely utilized for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism....Nowadays,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography,which assesses deficiencies in dopamine synthesis,storage,and transport,is widely utilized for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the application of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in disorders that manifest parkinsonism.We conducted a thorough literature search using reputable databases such as PubMed and Web of Science.Selection criteria involved identifying peer-reviewed articles published within the last 5 years,with emphasis on their relevance to clinical applications.The findings from these studies highlight that presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has demonstrated potential not only in diagnosing and differentiating various Parkinsonian conditions but also in assessing disease severity and predicting prognosis.Moreover,when employed in conjunction with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has been validated as a reliable in vivo biomarker.This validation extends to screening and exploring potential neuropathological mechanisms associated with dopaminergic depletion.In summary,the insights gained from interpreting these studies are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preclinical investigations and clinical trials,ultimately advancing toward the goals of neuroregeneration in parkinsonian disorders.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the contract numbers 60178021,60378021 , 10435050 National High Technology Research and Development“863”Program of China.(No.3)
文摘In EUV and X- ray regions, multilayer mirrors are the essential and necessary optics elements. The good prospects of the EUV and X- rays for next generation lithography system, microscopy in the “water windows”, astro- nomical telescope, spectroscopy, plasma diagnostics, and X- ray laser have impelled the development of multilayer optics. The paper introduces the recent results of the multilayer optics elements in Tongji University, including beam splitters, broadband/angular polarizers, supermirrors and high- reflectance mirrors. The product of reflectivity and transmissivity is above 4% for the Mo/Si multilayer beam splitter. Over the 15￣17 nm wavelength range, the s- re- flectivity of the non- periodic Mo/Si broadband multilayer polarizers is reasonably constant, as high as 36.6%, and the degree of polarization is more than 97.8%. At the fixed energy of 8 keV (Cu Kαline), the W/Si supermirror has the reflectivity of above 30% in the angle range of 0.4°￣0.85°, and a W/B4C supermirror has the reflectivity of about 20% in the angle range of 0.9°￣1.2°, and the reflectivity of W/C supermirror working in the grazing incident angle range of 0.9°￣1.2°is about 20%. The experimental results of some high- reflectance mirrors in our lab are also pre- sented, such as Mo/Si, Mo/Y, Cr/C, La/B4C, Si/C and Si/SiC. The reflectivity of Mo/Si multilayer is as high as 61.1% at wavelength of 13.4 nm.
文摘Background:Academic stress is a critical factor influencing university students’well-being.However,research has shown that stress is not a unidimensional construct;different types of stressors(challenge vs.hindrance)may lead to distinct outcomes.This study constructed a structural equation model(SEM)to examine the relationships between challenge and hindrance academic stressors and students’well-being,as well as the mediating mechanisms.Methods:Data were collected from 836 undergraduates at six universities in China(58.4%female,41.6%male;Mean age=20.47±1.46 years).Descriptive statistics,Pearson correlations,and SEM with 5000 bootstrap resamples were conducted to test hypothesized paths and mediating effects.Results:Direct path analysis revealed that challenge stressors positively predicted meaning in life(β=0.329,p<0.001)but not academic self-efficacy(β=-0.004,p=0.915),while hindrance stressors negatively predicted meaning in life(β=-0.371,p<0.001).Meaning in life strongly predicted academic self-efficacy(β=0.543,p<0.001)and well-being(β=0.301,p<0.001),and academic self-efficacy further contributed to well-being(β=0.190,p<0.001).Bootstrapping confirmed that meaning in life significantly mediated the effects of both challenge(β=0.099,95%CI[0.063,0.144])and hindrance stressors(β=-0.112,95%CI[-0.162,-0.076])on well-being.The serial mediation pathway was also significant for both models(challenge:β=0.034,95%CI[0.019,0.049];hindrance:β=-0.038,95%CI[-0.057,-0.024]).Conclusions:This study partially validates the dual-pathway model of academic stress in higher education and highlights the pivotal roles of meaning in life and academic self-efficacy in the stress-well-being relationship.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171387 and 31830111(both to SL).
文摘Stroke,particularly ischemic stroke,is the leading cause of long-term disability and mortality worldwide.It occurs due to the occlusion of the cerebral arteries,which significantly reduces the delivery of blood,oxygen,and essential nutrients to brain tissues.This deprivation triggers a cascade of cellular events that ultimately leads to neuronal death.Recent studies have clarified the multifactorial pathogenesis of ischemic stroke,highlighting the roles of energy failure,excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,and apoptosis.This review aimed to provide a comprehensive insight into the fundamental mechanisms driving neuronal death triggered by ischemia and to examine the progress of neuroprotective therapeutic approaches designed to mitigate neuronal loss and promote neurological recovery after a stroke.Additionally,we explored widely accepted findings regarding the potential pathways implicated in neuronal death during ischemic stroke,including the interplay of apoptosis,autophagy,pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and necrosis,which collectively influence neuronal fate.We also discussed advancements in neuroprotective therapeutics,encompassing a range of interventions from pharmacological modulation to stem cell-based therapies,aimed at reducing neuronal injury and enhancing functional recovery following ischemic stroke.Despite these advancements,challenges remain in translating mechanistic insights into effective clinical therapies.Although neuroprotective strategies have shown promise in preclinical models,their efficacy in human trials has been inconsistent,often due to the complex pathology of ischemic stroke and the timing of interventions.In conclusion,this review synthesizes mechanistic insights into the intricate interplay of molecular and cellular pathways driving neuronal death post-ischemia.It sheds light on cutting-edge advancements in potential neuroprotective therapeutics,underscores the promise of regenerative medicine,and offers a forward-looking perspective on potential clinical breakthroughs.The ongoing evolution of precision-targeted interventions is expected to significantly enhance preventative strategies and improve clinical outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82001325Visiting Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province,No.20236-01(both to CS).
文摘Stroke is the leading cause of mortality globally,ultimately leading to severe,lifelong neurological impairments.Patients often suffer from a secondary cascade of damage,including neuroinflammation,cytotoxicity,oxidative stress,and mitochondrial dysfunction.Regrettably,there is a paucity of clinically available therapeutics to address these issues.Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal roles of astrocytes,the most abundant glial cells in the brain,throughout the various stages of ischemic stroke.In this comprehensive review,we initially provide an overview of the fundamental physiological functions of astrocytes in the brain,emphasizing their critical role in modulating neuronal homeostasis,synaptic activity,and blood-brain barrier integrity.We then delve into the growing body of evidence that highlights the functional diversity and heterogeneity of astrocytes in the context of ischemic stroke.Their well-established contributions to energy provision,metabolic regulation,and neurotransmitter homeostasis,as well as their emerging roles in mitochondrial recovery,neuroinflammation regulation,and oxidative stress modulation following ischemic injury,are discussed in detail.We also explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning these functions,with particular emphasis on recently identified targets within astrocytes that offer promising prospects for therapeutic intervention.In the final section of this review,we offer a detailed overview of the current therapeutic strategies targeting astrocytes in the treatment of ischemic stroke.These astrocyte-targeting strategies are categorized into traditional small-molecule drugs,microRNAs(miRNAs),stem cell-based therapies,cellular reprogramming,hydrogels,and extracellular vesicles.By summarizing the current understanding of astrocyte functions and therapeutic targeting approaches,we aim to highlight the critical roles of astrocytes during and after stroke,particularly in the pathophysiological development in ischemic stroke.We also emphasize promising avenues for novel,astrocyte-targeted therapeutics that could become clinically available options,ultimately improving outcomes for patients with stroke.
基金funded by Shanghai Yangpu District Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.YPQ202303(Xuejing Lin))Shanghai Yangpu Hospital Foundation(Grant No.Se1202420(Wenchao Wang)and Ye1202423(Juan Huang)).
文摘Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.This study aimed to identify key genes involved in HCC development and elucidate their molecular mechanisms,with a particular focus on mitochondrial function and apoptosis.Methods:Differential expression analyses were performed across three datasets—The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma(LIHC),GSE36076,and GSE95698—to identify overlapping differentially expressed genes(DEGs).A prognostic risk model was then constructed.Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 1(CSRNP1)expression levels in HCC cell lines were assessed via western blot(WB)and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The effects of CSRNP1 knockdown or overexpression on cell proliferation,migration,and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting-8(CCK-8)assays,Transwell assays,and flow cytometry.Mitochondrial ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy,and intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mROS)levels were measured using specific fluorescent probes.WB was used to assess activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway,and pathway dependence was examined using the ROS scavenger N-Acetylcysteine(NAC)and the JNK inhibitor SP600125.Results:A six-gene prognostic model was established,comprising downregulated genes(NR4A1 and CSRNP1)and upregulated genes(CENPQ,YAE1,FANCF,and POC5)in HCC.Functional experiments revealed that CSRNP1 knockdown promoted the proliferation of HCC cells and suppressed their apoptosis.Conversely,CSRNP1 overexpression impaired mitochondrial integrity,increased both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ROS levels,and activated the JNK/p38 MAPK pathway.Notably,treatment with NAC or SP600125 attenuated CSRNP1-induced MAPK activation and apoptosis.Conclusion:CSRNP1 is a novel prognostic biomarker and tumor suppressor in HCC.It exerts anti-tumor effects by inducing oxidative stress and activating the JNK/p38 MAPK pathway in a ROS-dependent manner.These findings suggest that CSRNP1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the management of HCC.
基金Supported by Xuhui District Health Commission,No.SHXH202214.
文摘Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),endoscopic imaging,and genomic profiles-to enable intelligent decision-making for individualized therapy.This approach leverages AI algorithms to fuse imaging,endoscopic,and omics data,facilitating comprehensive characterization of tumor biology,prediction of treatment response,and optimization of therapeutic strategies.By combining CT and MRI for structural assessment,endoscopic data for real-time visual inspection,and genomic information for molecular profiling,multimodal AI enhances the accuracy of patient stratification and treatment personalization.The clinical implementation of this technology demonstrates potential for improving patient outcomes,advancing precision oncology,and supporting individualized care in gastrointestinal cancers.Ultimately,multimodal AI serves as a transformative tool in oncology,bridging data integration with clinical application to effectively tailor therapies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22272118,22172111,and 22309134)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(Nos.22ZR1464100,20ZR1460300,and 19DZ2271500)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712402),the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23YF1449200)the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project(2022C01182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023-3-YB-07)。
文摘Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors,but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains a confusing topic.Here we develop a hydrogen-bond-oriented interfacial super-assembly strategy to custom-tailor nanosheet-intertwined spherical carbon superstructures(SCSs)for Zn-ion storage with double-high capacitive activity and durability.Tetrachlorobenzoquinone(H-bond acceptor)and dimethylbenzidine(H-bond donator)can interact to form organic nanosheet modules,which are sequentially assembled,orientally compacted and densified into well-orchestrated superstructures through multiple H-bonds(N-H···O).Featured with rich surface-active heterodiatomic motifs,more exposed nanoporous channels,and successive charge migration paths,SCSs cathode promises high accessibility of built-in zincophilic sites and rapid ion diffusion with low energy barriers(3.3Ωs-0.5).Consequently,the assembled Zn||SCSs capacitor harvests all-round improvement in Zn-ion storage metrics,including high energy density(166 Wh kg-1),high-rate performance(172 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)),and long-lasting cycling lifespan(95.5%capacity retention after 500,000 cycles).An opposite chargecarrier storage mechanism is rationalized for SCSs cathode to maximize spatial capacitive charge storage,involving high-kinetics physical Zn^(2+)/CF_(3)SO_(3)-adsorption and chemical Zn^(2+)redox with carbonyl/pyridine groups.This work gives insights into H-bond-guided interfacial superassembly design of superstructural carbons toward advanced energy storage.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1807805)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,Guangdong Province,China(No.202206010176).
文摘Industrial activities have caused widespread arsenic(As)contamination in soil and medicinal crops across south-ern Asia.This study constructed interplanting systems combing medicinal crops with Pteris vittata L.,aiming to mitigate the risk of As exposure in medicinal crops,while simultaneously achieving ecological remediation of contaminated soil.The results revealed that interplanting with P.vittata significantly enhanced the yield of Gynos-temma pentaphyllum by 31.90%(P<0.05)compared with monoculture systems.Under monoculture conditions,the As concentration in G.pentaphyllum leaves reached 2.34 mg/kg,exceeding the national food safety standard(GB2762–2017,2 mg/kg).However,interplanting with P.vittata effectively reduced the As concentration in G.pentaphyllum leaves to 1.82 mg/kg.Furthermore,the interplanting of P.vittata with Rhus chinensis significantly inhibited As translocation from belowground to aboveground tissues in R.chinensis.Compared to monoculture,the stem biomass of P.vittata was significantly increased by 57.50%and 70.32%when interplanted with G.pentaphyllum and Cassia obtusifolia L.(P<0.05).So the As enrichment of P.vittata was enhanced in interplanting systems,which is beneficial for the As removal from contaminated soil.The study demonstrated that interplant-ing primarily regulates plant As uptake through modifications of rhizosphere physicochemical properties and As bioavailability,especially for water-soluble As that is easily absorbed by plants.In conclusion,the interplant-ing models integrating medicinal crops and P.vittata can achieve the goal of“remediating while producing”in As-contaminated soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(52302284,22002086,22204096)Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1412200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22120240314).
文摘Single-atom catalysts(SACs)have garnered significant attention in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries for their potential to mitigate the severe polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics.However,the development of highly efficient SACs and a comprehensive understanding of their structure-activity relationships remain enormously challenging.Herein,a novel kind of Fe-based SAC featuring an asymmetric FeN_(5)-TeN_(4) coordination structure was precisely designed by introducing Te atom adjacent to the Fe active center to enhance the catalytic activity.Theoretical calculations reveal that the neighboring Te atom modulates the local coordination environment of the central Fe site,elevating the d-band center closer to the Fermi level and strengthening the d-p orbital hybridization between the catalyst and sulfur species,thereby immobilizing polysulfides and improving the bidirectional catalysis of Li-S redox.Consequently,the Fe-Te atom pair catalyst endows Li-S batteries with exceptional rate performance,achieving a high specific capacity of 735 mAh g^(−1) at 5 C,and remarkable cycling stability with a low decay rate of 0.038%per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 C.This work provides fundamental insights into the electronic structure modulation of SACs and establishes a clear correlation between precisely engineered atomic configurations and their enhanced catalytic performance in Li-S electrochemistry.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (Contract Nos.2023YFA1606500,2024YFE0109800,and 2024YFE0110400)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB34010000)+5 种基金the Gansu Key Project of Science and Technology (Grant No.23ZDGA014)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (Grant No.2021B0301030006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12105328,W2412040,12475126,12422507,12035011,12375118,12435008,and W2412043)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-002)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.2020409 and 2023439)the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No.25-42-00003)。
文摘We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2(SHANS2),a gas-filled recoil separator located at the China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements(CAFE2).In total,20 decay chains are attributed to ^(288)Mc and 1 decay chain is assigned to ^(287)Mc.The measured oa-decay properties of ^(287,288)Mc as well as its descendants are consistent with the known data.No additional decay chains originating from the 2n or 5n reaction channels were detected.The excitation function of the ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,3n)^(288)Mc reaction was measured at the cross-section level of picobarn,which indicates the promising capability for the study of heavy and superheavy nuclei at the facility.
基金This work was supported by supported by National Social Science fund Major Projects(Grand 18ZDA088)National Social Science Foundation Project(Grand 18BGL242).
文摘The hospital medical crisis management is the strategy adopted by hospitals for medical crisis.It aims to minimize the loss brought about by medical crisis to the hospital through management.By using 4R theory of crisis management and taking the incident of"sky-high medical expenses"happened in Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University as an example,we study how to improve and perfect the medical crisis management strategy of hospitals in our country.As a result,we think hospitals can improve the crisis management strategy from four aspects of curtailment,preparation,reaction and resilience,so as to solve this issue appropriately,protect the legitimate rights and interests of patients to the greatest extent and promote the sustainable development of the hospital.
基金China Scholarship Council,Grant/Award Number:202000610047McGill University+4 种基金Fonds de recherche du Québec–Santé,Grant/Award Number:315852Québec Ministry of HealthCanadian Institutes for Health Research,Strategy for Patient‐Oriented Research Mentorship ChairGlobal Health Scholars ProgramFonds de recherche du Québec‐Santé,Grant/Award Number:311200。
文摘Purpose:Strong primary health care(PHC)systems require well‐established PHC education systems to enhance the skills of general practitioners(GPs).However,the literature on the experiences of international collaboration in primary care education in low‐and middle‐income countries remains limited.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation and perceived impact of the McGill‐Tongji Blended Education Program for Teacher Leaders in General Practice(referred to as the“Tongji Program”).Methods:In 2020–2021,the McGill Department of Family Medicine(Montreal,Canada)and Tongji University School of Medicine(TUSM,Shanghai,China)jointly implemented the Tongji Program in Shanghai,China to improve the teaching capacity of PHC teachers.We conducted an exploratory longitudinal case study with a mixed methods design for the evaluation.Quantitative(QUAN)data was collected through questionnaire surveys and qualitative(QUAL)data was collected through focus group discussions.Results:The evaluation showed that learners in Tongji Program were primarily female GPs(21/22,95%)with less than 4 years of experience in teaching(16/22,73%).This program was considered a successful learning experience by most participants(19/22,86%)with higher order learning tasks such as critical thinking and problem‐solving.They also agreed that this program helped them feel more prepared to teach(21/22,95%),and developed a positive attitude toward primary care(21/22,95%).The QUAL interview revealed that both the Tongji and McGill organizers noted that TUSM showed strong leadership in organization,education,and coordination.Both students and teachers agreed that by adapting training content into contextualized delivery formats and settings,the Tongji Program successfully overcame language and technology barriers.Conclusions:Committed partnerships and contextualization were key to the success of the Tongji Program.Future research should focus on how international primary care education programs affect learners'behavior in their practice settings,and explore barriers and facilitators to change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22376159)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2019YFA0110300(to ZG)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81773302(to YF),32070862(to ZG).
文摘Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.
文摘Based on inspection data,the authors analyze and summarize the main types and distribution characteristics of tunnel structural defects.These defects are classified into three types:surface defects,internal defects,and defects behind the structure.To address the need for rapid detection of different defect types,the current state of rapid detection technologies and equipment,both domestically and internationally,is systematically reviewed.The research reveals that surface defect detection technologies and equipment have developed rapidly in recent years.Notably,the integration of machine vision and laser scanning technologies have significantly improved detection efficiency and accuracy,achieving crack detection precision of up to 0.1 mm.However,the non-contact rapid detection of internal and behind-the-structure defects remains constrained by hardware limitations,with traditional detection remaining dominant.Nevertheless,phased array radar,ultrasonic,and acoustic vibration detection technologies have become research hotspots in recent years,offering promising directions for detecting these challenging defect types.Additionally,the application of multisensor fusion technology in rapid detection equipment has further enhanced detection capabilities.Devices such as cameras,3D laser scanners,infrared thermal imagers,and radar demonstrate significant advantages in rapid detection.Future research in tunnel inspection should prioritize breakthroughs in rapid detection technologies for internal and behind-the-structure defects.Efforts should also focus on developing multifunctional integrated detection vehicles that can simultaneously inspect both surface and internal structures.Furthermore,progress in fully automated,intelligent systems with precise defect identification and real-time reporting will be essential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel inspection.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignancy with a substantial health burden and high mortality rate,despite advances in prevention,early detection,and treatment.Compared with the global average,Asia,notably China,reports disproportionately high GC incidences.The disease often progresses asymptoma-tically in the early stages,leading to delayed diagnosis and compromised out-comes.Thus,it is crucial to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and enhance treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.METHODS Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 148 patients with GC treated at the Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital between December 2022 and December 2023.The associations of coagulation indices-partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen,fibrinogen degradation products(FDP),fasting blood glucose,and D-dimer(D-D)with TNM stage and distant metastasis were examined.RESULTS Prolongation of APTT,PT,and TT was significantly correlated with the GC TNM stage.Hence,abnormal coagulation system activation was closely related to disease progression.Elevated FDP and D-D were significantly associated with distant metastasis in GC(P<0.05),suggesting that increased fibrinolytic activity contributes to increased metastatic risk.CONCLUSION Our Results reveal coagulation indices,FDPs as GC biomarkers,reflecting abnormal coagulation/fibrinolysis,aiding disease progression,metastasis prediction,and helping clinicians assess thrombotic risk for early intervention and personalized treatment plans.
基金supported by grants from the Major Program of National Key Research and Development Project,Nos.2020YFA0112600(to ZH)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82171270(to ZL)+5 种基金Public Service Platform for Artificial Intelligence Screening and Auxiliary Diagnosis for the Medical and Health Industry,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China,No.2020-0103-3-1(to ZL)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.Z200016(to ZL)Beijing Talents Project,No.2018000021223ZK03(to ZL)Beijing Municipal Committee of Science and Technology,No.Z201100005620010(to ZL)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,No.2019-I2M-5-029(to YW)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine,No.20DZ2255100(to ZH).
文摘Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,with an increasing trend and tendency for onset at a younger age.China,in particular,bears a high burden of stroke cases.In recent years,the inflammatory response after stroke has become a research hotspot:understanding the role of inflammatory response in tissue damage and repair following ischemic stroke is an important direction for its treatment.This review summarizes several major cells involved in the inflammatory response following ischemic stroke,including microglia,neutrophils,monocytes,lymphocytes,and astrocytes.Additionally,we have also highlighted the recent progress in various treatments for ischemic stroke,particularly in the field of stem cell therapy.Overall,understanding the complex interactions between inflammation and ischemic stroke can provide valuable insights for developing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes.Stem cell therapy may potentially become an important component of ischemic stroke treatment.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,No.22ZR147750Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.23Y11906600Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Innovative Clinical Research Project,No.2020YLCYJ-Y02(all to YY).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within the brain.Lysosomes,crucial intracellular organelles responsible for protein degradation,play a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Some studies have suggested a link between the dysregulation of the lysosomal system and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease.Restoring the normal physiological function of lysosomes hold the potential to reduce the pathological burden and improve the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.Currently,the efficacy of drugs in treating Alzheimer’s disease is limited,with major challenges in drug delivery efficiency and targeting.Recently,nanomaterials have gained widespread use in Alzheimer’s disease drug research owing to their favorable physical and chemical properties.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using nanomaterials(polymeric nanomaterials,nanoemulsions,and carbon-based nanomaterials)to enhance lysosomal function in treating Alzheimer’s disease.This review also explores new concepts and potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease through the integration of nanomaterials and modulation of lysosomal function.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the potential of nanomaterials in modulating lysosomal function to improve the pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease.The application of nanotechnology to the development of Alzheimer’s disease drugs brings new ideas and approaches for future treatment of this disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22206050 and 52270047).
文摘Fenton and Fenton-like processes,which could produce highly reactive species to degrade organic contaminants,have been widely used in the field of wastewater treatment.Therein,the chemistry of Fenton process including the nature of active oxidants,the complicated reactions involved,and the behind reason for its strongly pH-dependent performance,is the basis for the application of Fenton and Fenton-like processes in wastewater treatment.Nevertheless,the conflicting views still exist about the mechanism of the Fenton process.For instance,reaching a unanimous consensus on the nature of active oxidants(hydroxyl radical or tetravalent iron)in this process remains challenging.This review comprehensively examined the mechanism of the Fenton process including the debate on the nature of active oxidants,reactions involved in the Fenton process,and the behind reason for the pH-dependent degradation of contaminants in the Fenton process.Then,we summarized several strategies that promote the Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)cycle,reduce the competitive consumption of active oxidants by side reactions,and replace the Fenton reagent,thus improving the performance of the Fenton process.Furthermore,advances for the future were proposed including the demand for the high-accuracy identification of active oxidants and taking advantages of the characteristic of target contaminants during the degradation of contaminants by the Fenton process.
基金supported by the Research Project of the Shanghai Health Commission,No.2020YJZX0111(to CZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82021002(to CZ),82272039(to CZ),82171252(to FL)+1 种基金a grant from the National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China(PRC),No.Pro20211231084249000238(to JW)Medical Innovation Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.21Y11903300(to JG).
文摘Nowadays,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography,which assesses deficiencies in dopamine synthesis,storage,and transport,is widely utilized for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the application of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in disorders that manifest parkinsonism.We conducted a thorough literature search using reputable databases such as PubMed and Web of Science.Selection criteria involved identifying peer-reviewed articles published within the last 5 years,with emphasis on their relevance to clinical applications.The findings from these studies highlight that presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has demonstrated potential not only in diagnosing and differentiating various Parkinsonian conditions but also in assessing disease severity and predicting prognosis.Moreover,when employed in conjunction with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has been validated as a reliable in vivo biomarker.This validation extends to screening and exploring potential neuropathological mechanisms associated with dopaminergic depletion.In summary,the insights gained from interpreting these studies are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preclinical investigations and clinical trials,ultimately advancing toward the goals of neuroregeneration in parkinsonian disorders.
