This article presents the fatigue crack growth （FCG） behaviors of a new bum-resistant highly-stabilized beta Ti40 alloy. The FCG rates were analyzed. The fracture surfaces and the side surfaces of the test samples w...This article presents the fatigue crack growth （FCG） behaviors of a new bum-resistant highly-stabilized beta Ti40 alloy. The FCG rates were analyzed. The fracture surfaces and the side surfaces of the test samples were explored. The results show that frequency affects the cracking behaviors of Ti40 alloy. Temperature also plays an important role in Ti40 alloy cracking. At room temperature （25℃）, when the frequency increases, the cracking rate changes a little in the range of low stress intensity factor （△K）, while it changes significantly when △K is high. At 500℃, the cracking rate of Ti40 alloy changes significantly during all the course of cracking. The fi＇equency also affects the microstructure patterns of Ti40 alloy. A number of secondary cracks appear in the area more than 200μm from the main crack at a high △K when the frequency is 1 Hz, but only a few secondary cracks exist when the frequency is 10 Hz. Facet image is the main image of the fracture surfaces when the frequency is 1 Hz. While, ductile striation occupies most of the area of fracture surfaces when the frequency is 10 Hz.展开更多
The hot deformation characteristics of TiC particles reinforced titanium matrix composite were studied in the temperature range from 900 ℃ to 1 150 ℃ and in the strain rate range of 10-3-10 s-1 by compression tests ...The hot deformation characteristics of TiC particles reinforced titanium matrix composite were studied in the temperature range from 900 ℃ to 1 150 ℃ and in the strain rate range of 10-3-10 s-1 by compression tests with Gleeble1500 simulator system. The flow behavior was described by the hyperbolic sine constitutive equation,and an average activation energy of 436.72 kJ/mol was calculated. The processing maps were calculated and analyzed according to the dynamic materials model. The maps show domains in some combinations of temperatures and strain rates and these domains are correlated with specific microstructural processes occurring during hot deformation by metallographic investigations and kinetic analysis. At the low strain rate domain occurs in the temperature range of 900-960 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.001-0.03 s-1 superplasticity and dynamic recrystallization were observed. At a high strain rate domain occurs in the temperature range of 980-1 120 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.1-10 s-1 the β phase undergoes dynamic recrystallization. Also,at a strain rate range of 0.1-10 s-1 and the temperature range of 900-930 ℃,the material exhibits flow localization.展开更多
The high-temperature plastic deformation behavior of BT25y alloy with an initial equiaxed microstructure was investigated by hot compression tests. Processing maps were established to evaluate the power dissipation ef...The high-temperature plastic deformation behavior of BT25y alloy with an initial equiaxed microstructure was investigated by hot compression tests. Processing maps were established to evaluate the power dissipation efficiency （η） and identify the flow instability regions. When the strain reaches steady state, the optimum processing window is distributed in the area covering most of the studied deformation temperatures and strain rates of 1 × 10-2 to 1× 10-1 s-1. True strain has great effects on the power dissipation efficiency under the condition of 880 ℃/1× 10-3 s-1, but the efficiency values remain approximately constant （η= 0.40） at conditions of 900-940 ℃/1× 10-2 to 1 × 10-1 S-1 and 980-1000 ℃/ 1× 10-1 s- 1. Besides, the instability regions are distributed in high strain rate areas no matter how many of the strains. Based on the processing map and microstructural observa- tion, it can be concluded that the deformation mechanisms related to Region I with small strain rate and lower temper- ature in α＋β phase field, Region II with medium strain rate and higher temperature inα＋β phase field, Region III with medium strain rate and high temperature in βphase field are superplasticity and strain-induced transformation, dynamicrecrystallization （DRX） and phase transformation, β phase dynamic recovery and local DRX, respectively.展开更多
Hot compressive deformation test of Ti-Al-Cu-Si alloy was performed on Gleeble-3500 hot-Simulator over the range of deformation temperature from 1 000 to 1 300 ℃,strain rate from 0.005 s-1 to 5 s-1,deformation degree...Hot compressive deformation test of Ti-Al-Cu-Si alloy was performed on Gleeble-3500 hot-Simulator over the range of deformation temperature from 1 000 to 1 300 ℃,strain rate from 0.005 s-1 to 5 s-1,deformation degree from 40% to 70%,and samples of d 8 mm×15 mm were used. Change rules of microstructure were mainly studied. The results show that deformation temperature directly influences the nucleation growth and globurizing of grain,and with the temperature rising,the diameter of grain increases,the grain boundary widens. The effect of deformation degree on microstructure varies with deformation temperature. Equivalent diameter of grains shows a trend of falling before elevation with strain rate increasing and temperature rising.展开更多
The effect of stress ratio on fatigue crack growth(FCG) behavior of Ti40 alloy was analyzed. A unified approach,developed by VASUDEVAN and SADANANDA was used. The approach is based on the realization that fatigue requ...The effect of stress ratio on fatigue crack growth(FCG) behavior of Ti40 alloy was analyzed. A unified approach,developed by VASUDEVAN and SADANANDA was used. The approach is based on the realization that fatigue requires two load parameters for unambiguous description. They are two fracture mechanics parameters:the maximum stress intensity factor Kmax and the stress intensity amplitude △K. The results show that there are two mechanisms controlling the FCG behavior of Ti40 alloy. The curves of the two mechanisms in trajectory map are similar. They deviate to Kmax axial more strongly compared with other titanium alloy,which indicates that Ti40 alloy is more sensitive to environment.展开更多
Five new heat treatment processes were designed,which were divided into three groups by their characteristics. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the alloy after the five heat treatments and thermal expo...Five new heat treatment processes were designed,which were divided into three groups by their characteristics. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the alloy after the five heat treatments and thermal exposure at 500,550 ℃ for 100 h were tested. The results indicate that a little differences exist in the performance of mechanical properties at room-temperature after the five heat treatments,and the thermal stability is the key factor for determining heat treatment process. Among the three groups of heat treatment processes,the best thermal stability is achieved after the first group of heat treatment. After annealing treatment at intermediate temperature,some defects and uneven grain boundaries are remained,which leads to the reduction fractions of precipitations on unit grain boundary and the harmful effect of precipitations on grain boundary is weakened. The process of annealing at 650 ℃ for 4 h is recommended the best heat treatment process for Ti40 alloy.展开更多
A multi-step isothermal forging and subsequent multipass rolling was used to produce one kind of two phase titanium alloy plate with thickness of 2.2 mm. Tensile properties at ambient temperature and at two kinds of h...A multi-step isothermal forging and subsequent multipass rolling was used to produce one kind of two phase titanium alloy plate with thickness of 2.2 mm. Tensile properties at ambient temperature and at two kinds of high temperatures were investigated for the plate with submicrocrystalline (SMC) structure in present work. Microstructures and fractographies of the alloy plate before and after tensile tests were also observed by scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that the alloy possesses favorite integrated tensile properties at ambient temperature, the average UTS and elongation for the longitudinal sample is 1070 MPa and 20%, while which for the transverse sample is 1103 MPa and 15%. The tensile elongation of the alloy plate is as high as 1078% at 780°C with a primary strain rate of 1.7 × 10<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. The microstructure is fine for the alloy plate solutioned at 700°C for 1 h, AC, and the grain size after tensile test is 2 μm and 3 μm for the longitudinal and transverse plates. Fractography for the as-annealed plate is composed of a large number of dimples and voids after tensile test at ambient temperature.展开更多
文摘This article presents the fatigue crack growth （FCG） behaviors of a new bum-resistant highly-stabilized beta Ti40 alloy. The FCG rates were analyzed. The fracture surfaces and the side surfaces of the test samples were explored. The results show that frequency affects the cracking behaviors of Ti40 alloy. Temperature also plays an important role in Ti40 alloy cracking. At room temperature （25℃）, when the frequency increases, the cracking rate changes a little in the range of low stress intensity factor （△K）, while it changes significantly when △K is high. At 500℃, the cracking rate of Ti40 alloy changes significantly during all the course of cracking. The fi＇equency also affects the microstructure patterns of Ti40 alloy. A number of secondary cracks appear in the area more than 200μm from the main crack at a high △K when the frequency is 1 Hz, but only a few secondary cracks exist when the frequency is 10 Hz. Facet image is the main image of the fracture surfaces when the frequency is 1 Hz. While, ductile striation occupies most of the area of fracture surfaces when the frequency is 10 Hz.
基金Projects(50434030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The hot deformation characteristics of TiC particles reinforced titanium matrix composite were studied in the temperature range from 900 ℃ to 1 150 ℃ and in the strain rate range of 10-3-10 s-1 by compression tests with Gleeble1500 simulator system. The flow behavior was described by the hyperbolic sine constitutive equation,and an average activation energy of 436.72 kJ/mol was calculated. The processing maps were calculated and analyzed according to the dynamic materials model. The maps show domains in some combinations of temperatures and strain rates and these domains are correlated with specific microstructural processes occurring during hot deformation by metallographic investigations and kinetic analysis. At the low strain rate domain occurs in the temperature range of 900-960 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.001-0.03 s-1 superplasticity and dynamic recrystallization were observed. At a high strain rate domain occurs in the temperature range of 980-1 120 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.1-10 s-1 the β phase undergoes dynamic recrystallization. Also,at a strain rate range of 0.1-10 s-1 and the temperature range of 900-930 ℃,the material exhibits flow localization.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51175431)
文摘The high-temperature plastic deformation behavior of BT25y alloy with an initial equiaxed microstructure was investigated by hot compression tests. Processing maps were established to evaluate the power dissipation efficiency （η） and identify the flow instability regions. When the strain reaches steady state, the optimum processing window is distributed in the area covering most of the studied deformation temperatures and strain rates of 1 × 10-2 to 1× 10-1 s-1. True strain has great effects on the power dissipation efficiency under the condition of 880 ℃/1× 10-3 s-1, but the efficiency values remain approximately constant （η= 0.40） at conditions of 900-940 ℃/1× 10-2 to 1 × 10-1 S-1 and 980-1000 ℃/ 1× 10-1 s- 1. Besides, the instability regions are distributed in high strain rate areas no matter how many of the strains. Based on the processing map and microstructural observa- tion, it can be concluded that the deformation mechanisms related to Region I with small strain rate and lower temper- ature in α＋β phase field, Region II with medium strain rate and higher temperature inα＋β phase field, Region III with medium strain rate and high temperature in βphase field are superplasticity and strain-induced transformation, dynamicrecrystallization （DRX） and phase transformation, β phase dynamic recovery and local DRX, respectively.
基金Project(2005CCA06400) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Hot compressive deformation test of Ti-Al-Cu-Si alloy was performed on Gleeble-3500 hot-Simulator over the range of deformation temperature from 1 000 to 1 300 ℃,strain rate from 0.005 s-1 to 5 s-1,deformation degree from 40% to 70%,and samples of d 8 mm×15 mm were used. Change rules of microstructure were mainly studied. The results show that deformation temperature directly influences the nucleation growth and globurizing of grain,and with the temperature rising,the diameter of grain increases,the grain boundary widens. The effect of deformation degree on microstructure varies with deformation temperature. Equivalent diameter of grains shows a trend of falling before elevation with strain rate increasing and temperature rising.
基金Project(2007CB613805) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The effect of stress ratio on fatigue crack growth(FCG) behavior of Ti40 alloy was analyzed. A unified approach,developed by VASUDEVAN and SADANANDA was used. The approach is based on the realization that fatigue requires two load parameters for unambiguous description. They are two fracture mechanics parameters:the maximum stress intensity factor Kmax and the stress intensity amplitude △K. The results show that there are two mechanisms controlling the FCG behavior of Ti40 alloy. The curves of the two mechanisms in trajectory map are similar. They deviate to Kmax axial more strongly compared with other titanium alloy,which indicates that Ti40 alloy is more sensitive to environment.
基金Project(MKPT-01-101ZD) supported by the National Key Project of ChinaProject(2007CB613807) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Five new heat treatment processes were designed,which were divided into three groups by their characteristics. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the alloy after the five heat treatments and thermal exposure at 500,550 ℃ for 100 h were tested. The results indicate that a little differences exist in the performance of mechanical properties at room-temperature after the five heat treatments,and the thermal stability is the key factor for determining heat treatment process. Among the three groups of heat treatment processes,the best thermal stability is achieved after the first group of heat treatment. After annealing treatment at intermediate temperature,some defects and uneven grain boundaries are remained,which leads to the reduction fractions of precipitations on unit grain boundary and the harmful effect of precipitations on grain boundary is weakened. The process of annealing at 650 ℃ for 4 h is recommended the best heat treatment process for Ti40 alloy.
文摘A multi-step isothermal forging and subsequent multipass rolling was used to produce one kind of two phase titanium alloy plate with thickness of 2.2 mm. Tensile properties at ambient temperature and at two kinds of high temperatures were investigated for the plate with submicrocrystalline (SMC) structure in present work. Microstructures and fractographies of the alloy plate before and after tensile tests were also observed by scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that the alloy possesses favorite integrated tensile properties at ambient temperature, the average UTS and elongation for the longitudinal sample is 1070 MPa and 20%, while which for the transverse sample is 1103 MPa and 15%. The tensile elongation of the alloy plate is as high as 1078% at 780°C with a primary strain rate of 1.7 × 10<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. The microstructure is fine for the alloy plate solutioned at 700°C for 1 h, AC, and the grain size after tensile test is 2 μm and 3 μm for the longitudinal and transverse plates. Fractography for the as-annealed plate is composed of a large number of dimples and voids after tensile test at ambient temperature.
