The 19th century saw significant advancements in thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases,with J.C.Maxwell and L.E.Boltzmann playing key roles in the development of statistical physics through their work on the ...The 19th century saw significant advancements in thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases,with J.C.Maxwell and L.E.Boltzmann playing key roles in the development of statistical physics through their work on the distribution of single-particle states.At the beginning of the 20th century,J.W.Gibbs established modern equilibrium statistical physics based on the statistical distribution of system microstates and the concept of ensembles.Subsequently,statistical physics expanded into the quantum and nonequilibrium domains.展开更多
As a cluster overlap amplitude,the reduced-width amplitude is an important physical quantity for analyzing clustering in the nucleus depending on specified channels and has been calculated and widely applied in nuclea...As a cluster overlap amplitude,the reduced-width amplitude is an important physical quantity for analyzing clustering in the nucleus depending on specified channels and has been calculated and widely applied in nuclear cluster physics.In this review,we briefly revisit the theoretical framework for calculating the reduced-width amplitude,as well as the outlines of cluster models to obtain microscopic or semi-microscopic cluster wave functions.We also introduce the recent progress related to cluster overlap amplitudes,including the implementation of cross-section estimation and extension to three-body clustering analysis.Comprehensive examples are provided to demonstrate the application of the reduced-width amplitude in analyzing clustering structures.展开更多
We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-...We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2(SHANS2),a gas-filled recoil separator located at the China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements(CAFE2).In total,20 decay chains are attributed to ^(288)Mc and 1 decay chain is assigned to ^(287)Mc.The measured oa-decay properties of ^(287,288)Mc as well as its descendants are consistent with the known data.No additional decay chains originating from the 2n or 5n reaction channels were detected.The excitation function of the ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,3n)^(288)Mc reaction was measured at the cross-section level of picobarn,which indicates the promising capability for the study of heavy and superheavy nuclei at the facility.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries require efficient catalysts to accelerate polysulfide conversion and mitigate the shuttle effect.However,the rational design of catalysts remains challenging due to the lack of a systemat...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries require efficient catalysts to accelerate polysulfide conversion and mitigate the shuttle effect.However,the rational design of catalysts remains challenging due to the lack of a systematic strategy that rationally optimizes electronic structures and mesoscale transport properties.In this work,we propose an autogenously transformed CoWO_(4)/WO_(2) heterojunction catalyst,integrating a strong polysulfide-adsorbing intercalation catalyst with a metallic-phase promoter for enhanced activity.CoWO_(4) effectively captures polysulfides,while the CoWO_(4)/WO_(2) interface facilitates their S-S bond activation on heterogenous catalytic sites.Benefiting from its directional intercalation channels,CoWO_(4) not only serves as a dynamic Li-ion reservoir but also provides continuous and direct pathways for rapid Li-ion transport.Such synergistic interactions across the heterojunction interfaces enhance the catalytic activity of the composite.As a result,the CoWO_(4)/WO_(2) heterostructure demonstrates significantly enhanced catalytic performance,delivering a high capacity of 1262 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 C.Furthermore,its rate capability and high sulfur loading performance are markedly improved,surpassing the limitations of its single-component counterparts.This study provides new insights into the catalytic mechanisms governing Li-S chemistry and offers a promising strategy for the rational design of high-performance Li-S battery catalysts.展开更多
The nuclear dynamical deformation,the fusion probability and the evaporation residue(ER) cross sections for the synthesis of superheavy nuclei are studied with the di-nuclear system model and the related dynamical pot...The nuclear dynamical deformation,the fusion probability and the evaporation residue(ER) cross sections for the synthesis of superheavy nuclei are studied with the di-nuclear system model and the related dynamical potential energy surface.The intrinsic energy and the maximum dynamical deformations for48Ca+248Cm are calculated.The effect of dynamical deformation on the potential energy surface and fusion is investigated.It is found that the dynamical deformation influences the potential energy surface and fusion probability significantly.The dependence of the fusion probability on the angular momentum is investigated.The ER cross sections for some superheavy nuclei in48Ca induced reactions are calculated and it is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results.展开更多
Although seemingly disparate,high-energy nuclear physics(HENP)and machine learning(ML)have begun to merge in the last few years,yielding interesting results.It is worthy to raise the profile of utilizing this novel mi...Although seemingly disparate,high-energy nuclear physics(HENP)and machine learning(ML)have begun to merge in the last few years,yielding interesting results.It is worthy to raise the profile of utilizing this novel mindset from ML in HENP,to help interested readers see the breadth of activities around this intersection.The aim of this mini-review is to inform the community of the current status and present an overview of the application of ML to HENP.From different aspects and using examples,we examine how scientific questions involving HENP can be answered using ML.展开更多
Typical-case computation complexity is a research topic at the boundary of computer science, applied mathematics, and statistical physics. In the last twenty years, the replica-symmetry-breaking mean field theory of s...Typical-case computation complexity is a research topic at the boundary of computer science, applied mathematics, and statistical physics. In the last twenty years, the replica-symmetry-breaking mean field theory of spin glasses and the associated message-passing algorithms have greatly deepened our understanding of typical-case computation complexity. In this paper, we use the vertex cover problem, a basic nondeterministic-polynomi＇al （NP）-complete combinatorial opti- mization problem of wide application, as an example to introduce the statistical physical methods and algorithms. We do not go into the technical details but emphasize mainly the intuitive physical meanings of the message-passing equations. A nonfamiliar reader shall be able to understand to a large extent the physics behind the mean field approaches and to adjust the mean field methods in solving other optimization problems.展开更多
The steady equilibrium conditions for a mixed gas of neutrons, protons, electrons, positrons and radiation fields （abbreviated as npe^± gas） with or without external neutrino flux are investigated, and a genera...The steady equilibrium conditions for a mixed gas of neutrons, protons, electrons, positrons and radiation fields （abbreviated as npe^± gas） with or without external neutrino flux are investigated, and a general chemical potential equilibrium equation μn = μp ＋ Cμe is obtained to describe the steady equilibrium at high temperatures （T 〉 10^9 K）. An analytic fitting formula of coefficient C is presented for the sake of simplicity, when neutrinos and antineutrinos are transparent. It is a simple method to estimate the electron fraction for the steady equilibrium npe^± gas that adopts the corresponding equilibrium condition. As an example, we apply this method to the GRB accretion disk and confirm that the composition in the inner region is approximately in equilibrium when the accretion rate is low. For the case with external neutrino flux, we calculate the initial electron fraction of neutrino-driven wind from the proto-neutron star model M15-l1-r1. The results show that the improved equilibrium condition makes the electron fraction decrease significantly more than the case μn = μp ＋ μe when the time is less than 5s post bounce, which may be useful for r-process nucleosynthesis models.展开更多
We investigate Benford's law based on the 2003 version of atomic mass evaluation.It is demonstrated that the first non-zero digit distribution functions for a number of experimental quantities are in reasonable ag...We investigate Benford's law based on the 2003 version of atomic mass evaluation.It is demonstrated that the first non-zero digit distribution functions for a number of experimental quantities are in reasonable agreement with those predicted by Benford's law.The data that we investigate here include 3001 sets of Sp,3060 sets of Sn,2943 sets of two-neutron separation energies S_(2n),2826 sets of two-proton separation energies S_(2p),1643 sets ofβ^(+)-decay energies Q(β^(+)),1243 sets ofβ^(-)-decay energies Q(β^(-)),2595 sets of double,β^(-)-decay energies Q(ββ^(-)),and 2711 sets of energies in electron-capture proton processes Q(εp).The first non-zero digits of these data favor the smaller ones in a logarithmic pattern.展开更多
It is proposed that the Generation Model (GM) of particle physics, which describes the elementary particles, the six leptons, the six quarks and the three weak bosons, of the Standard Model (SM) as composite particles...It is proposed that the Generation Model (GM) of particle physics, which describes the elementary particles, the six leptons, the six quarks and the three weak bosons, of the Standard Model (SM) as composite particles in terms of three kinds of rishons and their antiparticles may be mimicking a simpler model, employing only two kinds of rishons and their antiparticles.展开更多
Half-lives of the proton radioactivity for spherical proton emitters are investigated theoretically in the Wentzel- Kramers-Brillouin approximation. Microscopic proton-nucleus interaction potentials are obtained by fo...Half-lives of the proton radioactivity for spherical proton emitters are investigated theoretically in the Wentzel- Kramers-Brillouin approximation. Microscopic proton-nucleus interaction potentials are obtained by folding the densities of the residual daughter nuclei with renormalized M3Y effective interactions. We also take the spectroscopic factor （Sp） into account in the calculation, which is evaluated in the relativistic mean field approach using the force NL3. The calculated results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
Order–disorder phase transitions for CH3NH3PbCl3 are studied with density functional theory. Our calculations show that the disorder is manifested in two aspects in the cubic phase, namely, the disorder of orientatio...Order–disorder phase transitions for CH3NH3PbCl3 are studied with density functional theory. Our calculations show that the disorder is manifested in two aspects in the cubic phase, namely, the disorder of orientation and rotation of organic groups. Organic groups of [CH3] and [NH3] in cubic crystals can easily rotate around its C3 axis. At the same time,[CH3NH3]^+ organic groups can also orient to different spatial directions due to the weak interactions between organic group and inorganic frame. Our results show that its possible phase transition path starts from the deviation of organic groups from the crystal c-axis. Its structural transition changes from disordered cubic phase to hydrogen-only disordered tetragonal structure in the process of decreasing symmetry. The disordered high temperature cubic phase can be expressed as a statistical average of substructures we rebuilt. The electrostatic repulsive force between adjacent organic groups triggers out the formation of low temperature phase on cooling.展开更多
Small RNA（sRNA）-mediated post-transcriptional regulation differs from protein-mediated regulation. Through basepairing, sRNA can regulate the target m RNA in a catalytic or stoichiometric manner. Some theoretical mo...Small RNA（sRNA）-mediated post-transcriptional regulation differs from protein-mediated regulation. Through basepairing, sRNA can regulate the target m RNA in a catalytic or stoichiometric manner. Some theoretical models were built for comparison of the protein-mediated and sRNA-mediated modes in the steady-state behaviors and noise properties. Many experiments demonstrated that a single sRNA can regulate several m RNAs, which causes crosstalk between the targets.Here, we focus on some models in which two target mRNAs are silenced by the same sRNA to discuss their crosstalk features. Additionally, the sequence-function relationship of sRNA and its role in the kinetic process of base-pairing have been highlighted in model building.展开更多
The newly synthesized element 117 and its alpha-decay chains are systematically investigated in the framework of the relativistic mean field theory with parameter sets NL-Z2 and TMA. The ground-state properties of the...The newly synthesized element 117 and its alpha-decay chains are systematically investigated in the framework of the relativistic mean field theory with parameter sets NL-Z2 and TMA. The ground-state properties of the superheavy nuclei on the alpha-decay chains of 294 117 and 293 117 are calculated. The experimental alpha-decay energies and ha Jr-lives of the two alpha-decay chains are reasonably reproduced by the model The detailed discussions on the binding energies, alpha-decay energies, half-lives, quadrupole deformations, potential energy curves, and single particle levels of the two alpha-decay chains are made.展开更多
When new CP-violating interactions are dominated by flavor changing neutral particle exchanges,which may occur in many extensions of the standard model,we examine a type-3 two-Higgs-doublet model and find that direct ...When new CP-violating interactions are dominated by flavor changing neutral particle exchanges,which may occur in many extensions of the standard model,we examine a type-3 two-Higgs-doublet model and find that direct CP asymmetries can be as large as about 25%.Time-dependent and time-integrated mixing-induced CP asymmetries up to 85 and 40%,respectively,are possible without conflict with other constraints.It mainly requirs an enhanced chromo-magnetic dipole b→sg decay to be close to the present experimental bound.展开更多
A theoretical model to explain the mechanism of the electromagnetic wave propagation in the quasi two-dimensional layer of counterions adjacent to the surface of a charged cylindrical membrane is presented. By using M...A theoretical model to explain the mechanism of the electromagnetic wave propagation in the quasi two-dimensional layer of counterions adjacent to the surface of a charged cylindrical membrane is presented. By using Maxwell and hydrodynamic equations with appropriate boundary conditions, general expression of dispersion relation is obtained for the electromagnetic wave with mixed TE and TM modes.展开更多
The martensitic-type phase transformation paths from the rutile to theα-PbO2 phase of TiO2 are studied with linear interpolation and NEB/G-SSNEB methods based on first-principles calculations.Its potential energy sur...The martensitic-type phase transformation paths from the rutile to theα-PbO2 phase of TiO2 are studied with linear interpolation and NEB/G-SSNEB methods based on first-principles calculations.Its potential energy surface and the lowest energy path are revealed.Our results indicate that the titanium atoms of the rutile phase shuffle along the[0-11]rut crystal direction to form theα-PbO2 phase.During the phase transition,the oxygen atoms are dragged by the heavier titanium atoms and then reach their new equilibrium positions.The barrier of phase transition from nudged elastic band theory is about 231 meV,which is qualitatively consistent with previous theoretical calculations from the monoclinic phase to the tetragonal phase for ZrO2 and HfO2.Debye model can also be successfully used to predict the pressure and temperature of the phase transformation.展开更多
We propose a one-dimensional optical lattice model to simulate and explore two-dimensional topological phases with ultracold atoms,considering the phases of the hopping strengths as an extra dimension.It is shown that...We propose a one-dimensional optical lattice model to simulate and explore two-dimensional topological phases with ultracold atoms,considering the phases of the hopping strengths as an extra dimension.It is shown that the model exhibits nontrivial phases,and corresponding two chiral-edge states.Moreover,we demonstrate the connections between changes in the topological invariants and the Dirac points.Furthermore,the topological order detected by the particle pumping approach in cold atoms is also investigated.The results obtained here provide a feasible and flexible method of simulating and exploring high-dimensional topological phases in lowdimension systems via the controllable phase of the hopping strength.展开更多
Nuclear binding energies, charge radii and the charge distributions of even-even tin （Sn） isotopes are calculated using relativistic mean field theory, and the theoretical results are found to be in accordance with ...Nuclear binding energies, charge radii and the charge distributions of even-even tin （Sn） isotopes are calculated using relativistic mean field theory, and the theoretical results are found to be in accordance with the experimental data. The nuclear charge form factors for Sn isotopes are calculated using the phase-shift analysis method. It is shown that the minima of the charge form factors shift upward and inward with an increase in the neutron number of the Sn isotopes.展开更多
A preliminary calculation for the low-lying branches of phonon dispersion relations of α-LiIO3 in directions [001], [100] and [110] using a simplified model are reported. In addition, we point out that coupling betwe...A preliminary calculation for the low-lying branches of phonon dispersion relations of α-LiIO3 in directions [001], [100] and [110] using a simplified model are reported. In addition, we point out that coupling between different vibration modes may be important in lattice dynamics of such crystals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12135003,12122402,and 12475033)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0109000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The 19th century saw significant advancements in thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases,with J.C.Maxwell and L.E.Boltzmann playing key roles in the development of statistical physics through their work on the distribution of single-particle states.At the beginning of the 20th century,J.W.Gibbs established modern equilibrium statistical physics based on the statistical distribution of system microstates and the concept of ensembles.Subsequently,statistical physics expanded into the quantum and nonequilibrium domains.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1606701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12175042 and 12147101)。
文摘As a cluster overlap amplitude,the reduced-width amplitude is an important physical quantity for analyzing clustering in the nucleus depending on specified channels and has been calculated and widely applied in nuclear cluster physics.In this review,we briefly revisit the theoretical framework for calculating the reduced-width amplitude,as well as the outlines of cluster models to obtain microscopic or semi-microscopic cluster wave functions.We also introduce the recent progress related to cluster overlap amplitudes,including the implementation of cross-section estimation and extension to three-body clustering analysis.Comprehensive examples are provided to demonstrate the application of the reduced-width amplitude in analyzing clustering structures.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (Contract Nos.2023YFA1606500,2024YFE0109800,and 2024YFE0110400)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB34010000)+5 种基金the Gansu Key Project of Science and Technology (Grant No.23ZDGA014)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (Grant No.2021B0301030006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12105328,W2412040,12475126,12422507,12035011,12375118,12435008,and W2412043)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-002)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.2020409 and 2023439)the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No.25-42-00003)。
文摘We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2(SHANS2),a gas-filled recoil separator located at the China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements(CAFE2).In total,20 decay chains are attributed to ^(288)Mc and 1 decay chain is assigned to ^(287)Mc.The measured oa-decay properties of ^(287,288)Mc as well as its descendants are consistent with the known data.No additional decay chains originating from the 2n or 5n reaction channels were detected.The excitation function of the ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,3n)^(288)Mc reaction was measured at the cross-section level of picobarn,which indicates the promising capability for the study of heavy and superheavy nuclei at the facility.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075131 and 22078265)the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics under Grants(No.22JSZ005)the State-Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems(No.MPCS-2021-A).
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries require efficient catalysts to accelerate polysulfide conversion and mitigate the shuttle effect.However,the rational design of catalysts remains challenging due to the lack of a systematic strategy that rationally optimizes electronic structures and mesoscale transport properties.In this work,we propose an autogenously transformed CoWO_(4)/WO_(2) heterojunction catalyst,integrating a strong polysulfide-adsorbing intercalation catalyst with a metallic-phase promoter for enhanced activity.CoWO_(4) effectively captures polysulfides,while the CoWO_(4)/WO_(2) interface facilitates their S-S bond activation on heterogenous catalytic sites.Benefiting from its directional intercalation channels,CoWO_(4) not only serves as a dynamic Li-ion reservoir but also provides continuous and direct pathways for rapid Li-ion transport.Such synergistic interactions across the heterojunction interfaces enhance the catalytic activity of the composite.As a result,the CoWO_(4)/WO_(2) heterostructure demonstrates significantly enhanced catalytic performance,delivering a high capacity of 1262 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 C.Furthermore,its rate capability and high sulfur loading performance are markedly improved,surpassing the limitations of its single-component counterparts.This study provides new insights into the catalytic mechanisms governing Li-S chemistry and offers a promising strategy for the rational design of high-performance Li-S battery catalysts.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) projects (Nos.10975100,11275098,10979066,11275248,11175252 and 11120101005)MOST of China(No.2013CB834400) the Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS(Nos.KJCX2-EW-N01 and KJCX2-YW-N32)
文摘The nuclear dynamical deformation,the fusion probability and the evaporation residue(ER) cross sections for the synthesis of superheavy nuclei are studied with the di-nuclear system model and the related dynamical potential energy surface.The intrinsic energy and the maximum dynamical deformations for48Ca+248Cm are calculated.The effect of dynamical deformation on the potential energy surface and fusion is investigated.It is found that the dynamical deformation influences the potential energy surface and fusion probability significantly.The dependence of the fusion probability on the angular momentum is investigated.The ER cross sections for some superheavy nuclei in48Ca induced reactions are calculated and it is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos.11890714,12147101(Ma),12075098(Pang),12247107,12075007(Song)the Germany BMBF under the ErUM-Data project(Zhou)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research No.2020B0301030008(Ma).
文摘Although seemingly disparate,high-energy nuclear physics(HENP)and machine learning(ML)have begun to merge in the last few years,yielding interesting results.It is worthy to raise the profile of utilizing this novel mindset from ML in HENP,to help interested readers see the breadth of activities around this intersection.The aim of this mini-review is to inform the community of the current status and present an overview of the application of ML to HENP.From different aspects and using examples,we examine how scientific questions involving HENP can be answered using ML.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB932804)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJCX2-EW-J02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11121403 and 11225526)
文摘Typical-case computation complexity is a research topic at the boundary of computer science, applied mathematics, and statistical physics. In the last twenty years, the replica-symmetry-breaking mean field theory of spin glasses and the associated message-passing algorithms have greatly deepened our understanding of typical-case computation complexity. In this paper, we use the vertex cover problem, a basic nondeterministic-polynomi＇al （NP）-complete combinatorial opti- mization problem of wide application, as an example to introduce the statistical physical methods and algorithms. We do not go into the technical details but emphasize mainly the intuitive physical meanings of the message-passing equations. A nonfamiliar reader shall be able to understand to a large extent the physics behind the mean field approaches and to adjust the mean field methods in solving other optimization problems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10733010, 10673010 and 10573016)the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB824800)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Funds of Sichuan Provincial Education Department (10ZC014, 2009ZB087)China West Normal University(09A004)Graduate Innovation Funds of USTC
文摘The steady equilibrium conditions for a mixed gas of neutrons, protons, electrons, positrons and radiation fields （abbreviated as npe^± gas） with or without external neutrino flux are investigated, and a general chemical potential equilibrium equation μn = μp ＋ Cμe is obtained to describe the steady equilibrium at high temperatures （T 〉 10^9 K）. An analytic fitting formula of coefficient C is presented for the sake of simplicity, when neutrinos and antineutrinos are transparent. It is a simple method to estimate the electron fraction for the steady equilibrium npe^± gas that adopts the corresponding equilibrium condition. As an example, we apply this method to the GRB accretion disk and confirm that the composition in the inner region is approximately in equilibrium when the accretion rate is low. For the case with external neutrino flux, we calculate the initial electron fraction of neutrino-driven wind from the proto-neutron star model M15-l1-r1. The results show that the improved equilibrium condition makes the electron fraction decrease significantly more than the case μn = μp ＋ μe when the time is less than 5s post bounce, which may be useful for r-process nucleosynthesis models.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Program of Shanghai Maritime University under Grant No 20100086.
文摘We investigate Benford's law based on the 2003 version of atomic mass evaluation.It is demonstrated that the first non-zero digit distribution functions for a number of experimental quantities are in reasonable agreement with those predicted by Benford's law.The data that we investigate here include 3001 sets of Sp,3060 sets of Sn,2943 sets of two-neutron separation energies S_(2n),2826 sets of two-proton separation energies S_(2p),1643 sets ofβ^(+)-decay energies Q(β^(+)),1243 sets ofβ^(-)-decay energies Q(β^(-)),2595 sets of double,β^(-)-decay energies Q(ββ^(-)),and 2711 sets of energies in electron-capture proton processes Q(εp).The first non-zero digits of these data favor the smaller ones in a logarithmic pattern.
文摘It is proposed that the Generation Model (GM) of particle physics, which describes the elementary particles, the six leptons, the six quarks and the three weak bosons, of the Standard Model (SM) as composite particles in terms of three kinds of rishons and their antiparticles may be mimicking a simpler model, employing only two kinds of rishons and their antiparticles.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10535010, 10675090, 10775068, 10735010 and 1095072, the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2007CB815004, the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No KJCX2-SW-N02, the Research Fund of Doctoral Point （RFDP） under Grant No 20070284016.
文摘Half-lives of the proton radioactivity for spherical proton emitters are investigated theoretically in the Wentzel- Kramers-Brillouin approximation. Microscopic proton-nucleus interaction potentials are obtained by folding the densities of the residual daughter nuclei with renormalized M3Y effective interactions. We also take the spectroscopic factor （Sp） into account in the calculation, which is evaluated in the relativistic mean field approach using the force NL3. The calculated results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51572219,51872227,11204239,and 11447030)the Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China(Grant Nos.2015JM1018,2013JQ1018,15JK1759,and 15JK1714)the Science Foundation of Northwest University of China(Grant No.12NW06)
文摘Order–disorder phase transitions for CH3NH3PbCl3 are studied with density functional theory. Our calculations show that the disorder is manifested in two aspects in the cubic phase, namely, the disorder of orientation and rotation of organic groups. Organic groups of [CH3] and [NH3] in cubic crystals can easily rotate around its C3 axis. At the same time,[CH3NH3]^+ organic groups can also orient to different spatial directions due to the weak interactions between organic group and inorganic frame. Our results show that its possible phase transition path starts from the deviation of organic groups from the crystal c-axis. Its structural transition changes from disordered cubic phase to hydrogen-only disordered tetragonal structure in the process of decreasing symmetry. The disordered high temperature cubic phase can be expressed as a statistical average of substructures we rebuilt. The electrostatic repulsive force between adjacent organic groups triggers out the formation of low temperature phase on cooling.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB834100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11121403 and 11274320)+5 种基金the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Theoretical PhysicsInstitute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChina(Grant No.Y4KF171CJ1)the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholar of China(Grant No.11304115)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2013M541282)
文摘Small RNA（sRNA）-mediated post-transcriptional regulation differs from protein-mediated regulation. Through basepairing, sRNA can regulate the target m RNA in a catalytic or stoichiometric manner. Some theoretical models were built for comparison of the protein-mediated and sRNA-mediated modes in the steady-state behaviors and noise properties. Many experiments demonstrated that a single sRNA can regulate several m RNAs, which causes crosstalk between the targets.Here, we focus on some models in which two target mRNAs are silenced by the same sRNA to discuss their crosstalk features. Additionally, the sequence-function relationship of sRNA and its role in the kinetic process of base-pairing have been highlighted in model building.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10735010, 10975072, and 11035001, by 973 National Major State Basic Research and Development of China under Grant No. 2007CB815004 and 2010CB327803, CAS Knowledge Innovation Project under Grant No. KJCX2-SW-N02, and by Research Fund of Doctoral Point under Grant No. 20100091110028
文摘The newly synthesized element 117 and its alpha-decay chains are systematically investigated in the framework of the relativistic mean field theory with parameter sets NL-Z2 and TMA. The ground-state properties of the superheavy nuclei on the alpha-decay chains of 294 117 and 293 117 are calculated. The experimental alpha-decay energies and ha Jr-lives of the two alpha-decay chains are reasonably reproduced by the model The detailed discussions on the binding energies, alpha-decay energies, half-lives, quadrupole deformations, potential energy curves, and single particle levels of the two alpha-decay chains are made.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19625514.
文摘When new CP-violating interactions are dominated by flavor changing neutral particle exchanges,which may occur in many extensions of the standard model,we examine a type-3 two-Higgs-doublet model and find that direct CP asymmetries can be as large as about 25%.Time-dependent and time-integrated mixing-induced CP asymmetries up to 85 and 40%,respectively,are possible without conflict with other constraints.It mainly requirs an enhanced chromo-magnetic dipole b→sg decay to be close to the present experimental bound.
文摘A theoretical model to explain the mechanism of the electromagnetic wave propagation in the quasi two-dimensional layer of counterions adjacent to the surface of a charged cylindrical membrane is presented. By using Maxwell and hydrodynamic equations with appropriate boundary conditions, general expression of dispersion relation is obtained for the electromagnetic wave with mixed TE and TM modes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51872227,51572219,and 11447030).
文摘The martensitic-type phase transformation paths from the rutile to theα-PbO2 phase of TiO2 are studied with linear interpolation and NEB/G-SSNEB methods based on first-principles calculations.Its potential energy surface and the lowest energy path are revealed.Our results indicate that the titanium atoms of the rutile phase shuffle along the[0-11]rut crystal direction to form theα-PbO2 phase.During the phase transition,the oxygen atoms are dragged by the heavier titanium atoms and then reach their new equilibrium positions.The barrier of phase transition from nudged elastic band theory is about 231 meV,which is qualitatively consistent with previous theoretical calculations from the monoclinic phase to the tetragonal phase for ZrO2 and HfO2.Debye model can also be successfully used to predict the pressure and temperature of the phase transformation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11874190)。
文摘We propose a one-dimensional optical lattice model to simulate and explore two-dimensional topological phases with ultracold atoms,considering the phases of the hopping strengths as an extra dimension.It is shown that the model exhibits nontrivial phases,and corresponding two chiral-edge states.Moreover,we demonstrate the connections between changes in the topological invariants and the Dirac points.Furthermore,the topological order detected by the particle pumping approach in cold atoms is also investigated.The results obtained here provide a feasible and flexible method of simulating and exploring high-dimensional topological phases in lowdimension systems via the controllable phase of the hopping strength.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10535010,10675090,10775068,10735010,10975072and11035001)the 973 National Major State Basic Research and Development of China(2007CB815004)+1 种基金CAS Knowledge Innovation Project(KJCX2-SW-N02)the Research Fund of Doctoral Point(RFDP)(Nos.20070284016,20100091110028)
文摘Nuclear binding energies, charge radii and the charge distributions of even-even tin （Sn） isotopes are calculated using relativistic mean field theory, and the theoretical results are found to be in accordance with the experimental data. The nuclear charge form factors for Sn isotopes are calculated using the phase-shift analysis method. It is shown that the minima of the charge form factors shift upward and inward with an increase in the neutron number of the Sn isotopes.
文摘A preliminary calculation for the low-lying branches of phonon dispersion relations of α-LiIO3 in directions [001], [100] and [110] using a simplified model are reported. In addition, we point out that coupling between different vibration modes may be important in lattice dynamics of such crystals.
