Objective To study the abnormal reactions of a series of free radicals and the oxidative damages induced by free radical abnormal reactions in the bodies of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Methods Eighty ...Objective To study the abnormal reactions of a series of free radicals and the oxidative damages induced by free radical abnormal reactions in the bodies of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Methods Eighty chronic glomerulonephritis patients (CGNP) and eighty healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a random control study, in which concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma and in erythrocytes, and vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (?CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined with spectrophotometric assays. Results Compared with the average values of the above biochemical parameters in the HAV group, the average values of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly increased (P = 0.0001), while those of VC, VE and -CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly decreased (P = 0.0001). Pearson product-moment correlation analysis showed that with increase of the concentration of blood creatinine as well as prolongation of the course of disease in the CGNP, the concentrations of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP increased gradually, while the concentrations of VC, VE and ?CAR in plasma as well as the activities of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP decreased gradually (P = 0.002454 0.000001). The relative risk ratio (RR) of the above biochemical parameters reflecting oxidative damages in the bodies of CGNP ranged from 6.061 to 72.429. The reliability coefficient (alpha) that the above biochemical parameters were used to reflect the oxidative damages of the CGNP was 0.8137, standardized item alpha = 0.9728, Hotelling抯 T-Squared = 1135680.191, F = 53274.6478, P = 0.000001. Conclusions The findings in this study show that in the bodies of CGNP a series of free radical chain reactions result in severe pathological aggravation and induce oxidative damages in their bodies. Therefore, suitable dose of antioxidants should be supplemented to them so as to alleviate oxidative damages in their bodies.展开更多
AIM:There is still no accepted conclusion regarding the clinical features and related risk factors of patients with fatty liver.The large-scale clinical studies have not carried out yet in Guangzhou area. The aim of t...AIM:There is still no accepted conclusion regarding the clinical features and related risk factors of patients with fatty liver.The large-scale clinical studies have not carried out yet in Guangzhou area. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features and related risk factors of patients with fatty liver in Guangzhou area.METHODS:A total of 413 cases with fatty liver were enrolled in the study from January 1998 to May 2002. Retrospective case-control study was used to evaluate the clinical features and related risk factors of fatty liver with logistic regression.RESULTS: Obesity (OR：21.204), alcohol abuse (OR：18.601),type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR：4.461), serum triglyceride (TG)(OR：3.916), serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR：1.840) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (OR：1.535) were positively correlated to the formation of the fatty liver.The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT) increased mildly in the patients with fatty liver and were often less than 2-fold of the normal limit.The higher abnormalities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (42.9%) with AST/ALT more than 2(17.9%) were found in patients with alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) than those with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) (16.9% and 5.0% respectively).The elevation of serum TG, cholesterol (CHOL), LDL-C was more common in patients with NAFL than with AFL.CONCLUSION:Obesity, alcohol abuse, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidernia may be independent risk factors of fatty liver.The mildly abnormal hepatic functions can be found in patients with fatty liver.More obvious damages of liver function with AST/ALT usually more than 2 were noted in patients with AFL.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effects of nitroester drugs on human sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility and their antagonistic effects against morphine which shows excitatory effect on Oddi's sphincter motility.METHODS: The eff...AIM: To evaluate the effects of nitroester drugs on human sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility and their antagonistic effects against morphine which shows excitatory effect on Oddi's sphincter motility.METHODS: The effects of these drugs on SO were evaluated by means of choledochofiberoscopy manometry.A total of 67 patients having T-tubes after cholecystectomy and choledochotomy were involved in the study, they were randomly divided into glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) group,isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) group, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PTN) group, morphine associated with GTN group, morphine associated with ISDN group and morphine associated with PTN group. Basal pressure of Oddi's sphincter (BPOS), amplitude of phasic contractions (SOCA), frequency of phasic contractions (SOF), duration of phasic contractions (SOD), duodenal pressure (DP) and common bile duct pressure (CBDP) were scored and analyzed. Morphine was given intramuscularly while nitroester drugs were applied sublingually.RESULTS: BPOS and SOCA decreased significantly after administration of ISDN and GTN, BPOS reduced from 10.95±7.49 mmHg to 5.92±4.04 mmHg (P＜0.05) evidently after application of PTN. BPOS increased from 7.37±5.58mmHg to 16.60±13.87 mmHg, SOCA increased from 54.09±38.37 mmHg to 100.70±43.51 mmHg, SOF increased from 7.15±3.20 mmHg to 10.38±2.93 mmHg and CBDP increased 3.75±1.95 mmHg to 10.49±8.21 mmHg (P＜0.01)evidently after injection of morphine. After associated application of ISDN and GTN, the four indications above decreased obviously. As for application associated with PTN,SOCA and SOF decreased separately from 100.64±44.99mmHg to 66.17±35.88 mmHg and from 10.70±2.76 mmHg to 9.04±1.71 mmHg (P＜0.05) markedly.CONCLUSION: The regular dose of GTN, ISDN and PTN showed inhibitory effect on SO motility, morphine showed excitatory effect on SO while GTN, ISDN and PTN could antagonize the effect of morphine. Among the three nitroester drugs, the effect of ISDN on SO was most significant.展开更多
大肠癌是我国常见肿瘤，其发病率已位居恶性肿瘤谱的第3—5位，且呈继续上升趋势。我国20多年大肠癌的流行病学研究明确了中国人大肠癌的危险因素为肠息肉史、慢性腹泻、慢性便秘、粘液血便、精神刺激史、饮不洁水史、阑尾手术史和家族...大肠癌是我国常见肿瘤，其发病率已位居恶性肿瘤谱的第3—5位，且呈继续上升趋势。我国20多年大肠癌的流行病学研究明确了中国人大肠癌的危险因素为肠息肉史、慢性腹泻、慢性便秘、粘液血便、精神刺激史、饮不洁水史、阑尾手术史和家族肿瘤史等，并在此基础上建立了数量化的评价模式AD值，结合RPHA-FOB为初筛，肠镜为精筛，建立并优化了大肠癌的序贯筛检方案，在人群中应用取得了较好的结果，适合全国推广。同时，以人群为基础，以队列研究和整群随机对照试验的方法，对两个大肠癌现场进行群体防治，从普通人群中检出大肠癌高危人群或癌前病变，对癌前病变腺瘤和息肉进行摘除(即对高危人群进行干预)，有效预防了大肠癌的发生并大幅度降低全人群大肠癌死亡率与发病率。 Summary Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common causes of death from cancer in China. During the past twenty years, several case-control studies revealed the high risk factors of CRC in China, which were personal history of intestinal polyp,chronic diarrhea, feces with mucin and blood, psychic attack, drinking of unclear water, operation on appendix, history of chronic constipation and family history of cancer. From these factors, a risk-asessment mode (AD value) was constructed, combined with RPHA-FOB, a mass screening mode was established and applied into common people, awarded with a good result. The populationbased CRC prevention including randomized trial has been conducted in two fields( Haining city and Jiashan city in Zhejiang province), which demonstrated that removal of CRC pre-cancer lesions such as adenomas and polyps could reduce CRC incidence and mortalitv remarkablv.展开更多
Objective To study the state of oxidative stress in patients with acute coxsackie virusmyocarditis (ACM), and to investigate the pathological chain reactions of a series of freeradicals and oxidative and lipoperoxi...Objective To study the state of oxidative stress in patients with acute coxsackie virusmyocarditis (ACM), and to investigate the pathological chain reactions of a series of freeradicals and oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in their bodies. Methods Eighty ACMpatients and 80 healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a case-control study, inwhich concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma andLPO in erythrocytes (RBC), vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and b-carotene (b-CAR) inplasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px) in RBC were determined by using spectrophotometric assays. ResultsCompared with the average values (AV) of the above biochemical parameters (BP) in theHAV group, the AV of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and RBC in the ACM group weresignificantly increased (P=0.0001), while the AV of VC, VE, b-CAR, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in the ACM group were significantly decreased (P=0.0001). The values of the above BPwere used to estimate the relative risk ratio (RR) between the ACM group and the HAVgroup; the RR and its 95 % confidence interval were 12.467 (5.745~27.051), 4.333(2.126~8.834), 6.517 (3.225~13.618), 3.310 (1.598~6.858), 31.000 (12.611~76.201),4.663 (2.228~9.759), 11.769 (5.440~25.462), 3.043 (1.486~6.229) and 6.594 (3.045~14.281)respectively, and their P levels ranged from 0.002 to 0.0001. The results were asfollows: D = 22.143 - 0.017SOD + 0.008NO + 0.244LPO in RBC, Eigenvalue = 13.659,Canonical correlation = 0.965, Wilks’λ= 0.068, c2 = 420.212, P = 0.0001. The correct rateof discrimination to the ACM group and to the HAV group was 87.5% and 95.0 %, respectively,and 91.3 % of originally grouped cases was correctly classified. Conclusion The findingsin this study suggested that the oxidative stress in bodies of ACM patients was severelyaggravated, and marked high oxidative constituents and low antioxidants and antioxidasesin the human body might increase the relative risk of inducing acute coxsackie virusmyocarditis, and measuring the values of NO in plasma, SOD and LPO in RBC mightincrease the correct rates of discriminatory analysis of the ACM.展开更多
AIM: To explore the influence of hepatic glucose production on acute insulin resistance induced by a lipid infusion in awake rats. METHODS: A hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp was established in awake chronically ca...AIM: To explore the influence of hepatic glucose production on acute insulin resistance induced by a lipid infusion in awake rats. METHODS: A hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp was established in awake chronically catheterized rats. Two groups of rats were studied either with a 4-h intraarterial infusion of lipid/heparin or saline. Insulin-mediated peripheral and hepatic glucose metabolism was assessed by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp combined with [3-^3H]-glucose infusion. RESULTS: During hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp,there was a significant increase in plasma free fatty acid (FFA, from 741.9±50.6 to 2346.44±238.5μmol/L, P<0.01) in lipid-infused group. The glucose infusion rates (GIR) in the lipid infusion rats, compared to control rats, were significantly reduced (200-240 min average: lipid infusion; 12.64±1.5 vs control; 34.04±1.6 mg/kg.min, P<0.01), declining to - 35% of the corresponding control values during the last time of the clamp (240min: lipid infusion; 12.04±1.9 vs control; 34.74±1.7 mg/kg·min, P<0.0001). At the end of clamp study,the hepatic glucose production (HGP) in control rats was significantly suppressed (88%) from 19.04±4.5 (basal) to 2.34±0.9 mg/kg.min (P<0.01). The suppressive effect of insulin on HGP was significantly blunted in the lipid-infused rats (200-240 min: from 18.74±3.0 to 23.24±3.1 mg/kg.min (P<0.05). The rate of glucose disappearance (GRd) was a slight decrease in the lipid-infused rats compared with controls during the clamp.CONCLUSION: These data suggest that lipid infusion could induces suppression of hepatic glucose production, impairs the abilities of insulin to suppress lipolysis and mediate glucose utilization in peripheral tissue. Therefore, we conclude that lipid-infusion induces an acute insulin resistance in vivo.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the change of HBV DNA, PCNA and GST-π in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and glutat...AIM: To investigate the change of HBV DNA, PCNA and GST-π in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and glutathione S-transferases (GST-π) were detected by immunohistochemical staining and HBV DNA was detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections with a total of 111 specimens of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis,paratumorous tissue, HCC and normal liver tissue.RESULTS: The positive rates of HBsAg and HBVDNA were 62.5 %(15/24) and 75.0 %(12/16) in chronic hepatitis,64.0 %(16/25) and 83.3 %(15/18) in liver cirrhosis, 72.7 %(16/22) and 85.7 %(12/14) in the paratumorous tissu and 45.0 %(14/31) and 64.3 %(9/14) in HCC. The positive HBVDNA granules in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and the paratumorous tissue were more intense than that in HCC.The positive rates of PCNA and GST-π were 34.8 %(8/23)and 25.0 %(4/16) in chronic hepatitis, 73.7 %(14/19) and 17.6 %(3/17) in liver cirrhosis, 86.7 %(13/15) and 53.3 % (8/15) in the paratumorous tissue, 100 %(15/15) and 60.0 %(9/15) in HCC, respectively, and the positive rate of GST-πin the paratumorous tissue was significantly higher than that in the liver cirrhosis without tumor (P＜0.05), but same as that in HCC(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: The HBV infection may increase expression of PCNA and GST-π. The paratumor cirrhosis may be a sequential lesion of precancerous cirrhosis around HCC.展开更多
To estimate the impact of copying on the indoor air quality, and to investigate whether ozone emitted during such a process induces pathological oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the bodies of operato...To estimate the impact of copying on the indoor air quality, and to investigate whether ozone emitted during such a process induces pathological oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the bodies of operators. Methods 67 copying operators (CO) and 67 healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled in a random control study, in which levels of lipoperoxide (LPO) in plasma and erythrocytes, and levels of vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and b-carotene (b-CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Results Compared with the HV group, the average values of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CO group were significantly increased (P<0.0001), while those of VC, VE and b-CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CO group were significantly decreased (P<0.0001). Pearson product-moment correlation analysis showed that with increase of ozone level in copying sites and duration of exposure to ozone, the values of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the bodies of operators were gradually increased,while those of VC, VE, b-CAR, SOD, CAT and GPX were decreased in the same manner. Odds ratio (OR) of risk of biochemical parameters reflecting potential oxidative damage of the copying operators ranged from 4.440 to 13.516, and 95 % CI of OR was from 2.113 to 34.061. Reliability coefficient () of the biochemical parameters used to reflect the potential oxidative damage of the operators was 0.8156, standardized item =0.9929, P<0.0001. Conclusion Findings in the present study suggest that there exist a series of free radical chain reactions and pathological oxidative stress induced by high dose ozone in the operators, thereby causing potential oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in their bodies.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and mRNA of GHR in cirrhotic livers of rats with the intension to find the basis for application of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to patien...AIM: To investigate the expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and mRNA of GHR in cirrhotic livers of rats with the intension to find the basis for application of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS: Hepatic cirrhosis was induced in SpragueDawley rats by administration of thioacetamide intraperitoneally for 9-12 weeks. Collagenase Ⅳ was perfused in situ for isolation of hepatocytes. The expression of GHR and its mRNA in cirrhotic livers was studied with radio-ligand binding assay, RT-PCR and digital image analysis.RESULTS: One class of specific growth hormone-binding site, GHR, was detected in hepatocytes and hepatic tissue of cirrhotic livers. The binding capacity of GHR (RT, fmol/mg protein) in rat cirrhotic liver tissue (30.8±1.9) was significantly lower than that in normal control (74.9±3.9) at the time point of the ninth week after initiation of induction of cirrhosis (n=10, P＜0.05), and it decreased gradually along with the accumulation of collagen in the process of formation and development of liver cirrhosis (P＜0.05). The number of binding sites (×10 4/cell) of GHR on rat cirrhotic hepatocytes (0.86±0.16) was significantly lower than that (1.28±0.24)in control (n= 10, P＜0.05). The binding affinity of GHR among liver tissue, hepatocytes of various groups had no significant difference (P＞0.05). The expression of GHR mRNA (riOD,pixel) in rat cirrhotic hepatic tissues (23.3±3.1) was also significantly lower than that (29.3±3.4) in normal control (n=10, P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: The growth hormone receptor was expressed in a reduced level in liver tissue of cirrhotic rats,and lesser expression of growth hormone receptors was found in a later stage of cirrhosis. The reduced expression of growth hormone receptor was partly due to its decreased expression on cirrhotic hepatocytes and the reduced expression of its mRNA in cirrhotic liver tissue.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of antireflux treatment on bronchial hyper-responsiveness and lung function in asthmatic patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).MF THODS: Thirty asthmatic patients with GE...AIM: To investigate the effects of antireflux treatment on bronchial hyper-responsiveness and lung function in asthmatic patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).MF THODS: Thirty asthmatic patients with GERD were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B).Patients in group A (n=15) only received asthma medication including inhaled salbutamol 200 pg four times a day and budesonide 400 μg twice a day for 6 weeks. Patients in Group B (n=15) received the same medication as group A,and also antireflux therapy including oral omeprazole 20mg once a day and domperidone 10 mg three times a day for 6 weeks. Pulmonary function tests and histamine bronchoprovocation test were performed before and after the study.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the baseline values of pulmonary function and histamine PC20-FEV1 between the two groups. At the end of the study, the mean values for VC, VC%, FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, PEF, PEF%, PC20-FEV1were all significantly improved in group B, compared with group A.CONCLUSION: Antireflux therapy may improve pulmonary function and inhibit bronchial hyper-responsiveness in asthmatic patients with GERD.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects and molecular mechanismsof recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) onprotecting liver function and alleviating portal hypertensionof liver cirrhotic rats.METHODS: Liver cirrhosis of mal...AIM: To investigate the effects and molecular mechanismsof recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) onprotecting liver function and alleviating portal hypertensionof liver cirrhotic rats.METHODS: Liver cirrhosis of male Sprague-Dawley ratswas induced by administration of thioacetamide. The ratswith or without liver cirrhosis were randomly divided intofour groups. Group A consisted of the normal rats wastreated with normal saline (NS), group B consisted of thenormal rats was treated with rhGH, group C consisted ofcirrhotic rats was treated with NS, and group D consistedof cirrhotic rats was treated with rhGH. The rats of differentgroups were subcutaneously injected with 0.5 mL of NS or333 ng/kg of rhGH daily for 7 d. After treatments, thefollowing parameters were examined, including GH-bindingcapacity (RO by 12SI-hGH binding, growth hormone receptormRNA(GHR mRNA) expression by RT-PCR, relative contentof collagen (RCC) by histomorphomertry, and level ofmalon-dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)in liver tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction and pyrogallicacid self-oxidation, respectively. Serum albumin (ALB),alanine transaminase (ALT) and portal vein pressure (PVP)were also examined.RESULTS: rhGH up-regulated both the GH-binding capacity(R0 and the expression of GHR mRNA in vivo. RT in groupA (72+12 fmol/mg protein) was significantly higher thanthat in group C (31+4 fmol/mg protein) (P<0.05). RT ingroup B (80+9 fmol/mg protein) increased markedlycompared to group A (P<0.05). RT in group D (40+7 fmol/mgprotein) raised remarkably compared with group C (P<0.05),but less than that in group A, and there was no significantGH binding affinity contrast (Kd) change. The GHR mRNAlevel (iOD, pixel) in group A (29+3) was significantly higherthan that in group C (23+3) (P<0.05). GHR mRNA levelswere significantly raised in group B (56+4) and group D(42+8) compared with groups A and C (29+3 and 23+3,respectively) (P<0.05). Compared with the normal liver,MDA level was higher and SOD level was lower in cirrhoticlivers. After rhGH treatment, MDA level was significantlydeclined to 12.0+2.2 nmol/mg protein and SOD was raisedto 1029+76 U/rag protein in group D (P<0.05). ALB levelsin groups B and D (42+7 g/L and 37+7 g/L, respectively)were significantly raised compared with those in groups Aand C (35+5 g/L and 29+4 g/L, respectively) (P<0.05).ALT level was markedly lower in group D (69+7 U/L)compared to group C (89+15 U/L) (P<0.05), and close togroup A (61+10 U/L). RCC in group C (22.30+3.86%) wassignificantly higher than that in group A (1.14+0.21%) andgroup D (14.70+2.07%) (P<0.05). In addition, rhGHmarkedly alleviated portal hypertension in liver cirrhoticrats (group D vsC, 9.3+1.5 cmH20 vs 14.4+2.0 cmH20)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Pharmacological doses of rhGH canincrease RT and GHR mRNA expression, ameliorate liverfunctions, repress fibrosis and decline portal hypertension,suggesting it has potentially clinical usage as a hepatotropicfactor.展开更多
To solve the problem of immune incompatibility, nuclear transplantation has been envisaged as a means to produce cells or tissues for human autologous transplantation. Here we have derived embryonic stem cells by the ...To solve the problem of immune incompatibility, nuclear transplantation has been envisaged as a means to produce cells or tissues for human autologous transplantation. Here we have derived embryonic stem cells by the transfer of human somatic nuclei into rabbit oocytes. The number of blastocysts that developed from the fused nuclear transfer was comparable among nuclear donors at ages of 5, 42, 52 and 60 years, and nuclear transfer (NT) embryonic stem cells (ntES cells) were subsequently derived from each of the four age groups. These results suggest that human somatic nuclei can form ntES cells independent of the age of the donor. The derived ntES cells are human based on karyotype, isogenicity, in situ hybridization, PCR and immunocytochemistry with probes that distinguish between the various species. The ntES cells maintain the capability of sustained growth in an undifferentiated state, and form embryoid bodies, which, on further induction, give rise to cell types such as neuron and muscle, as well as mixed cell populations that express markers representative of all three germ layers. Thus, ntES cells derived from human somatic cells by NT to rabbit eggs retain phenotypes similar to those of conventional human ES cells, including the ability to undergo multilineage cellular differentiation.展开更多
This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism in tumor invasion and metastasis. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2, 9 (MMP 2, MMP 9), tissue inhibitor 1 of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP 1), c...This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism in tumor invasion and metastasis. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2, 9 (MMP 2, MMP 9), tissue inhibitor 1 of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP 1), cell adhesion molecule 44 variant 6 (CD44v6), HER2/neu and p53 was investigated in 154 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by ABC and ImmunoMax immunohistochemical method. Their clinical relevance and correlation were analysed. The expression of MMP 2, MMP 9, TIMP 1, CD44v6, HER2/neu and p53 was found in cancer cells in 87.01%, 85.71%, 68.18%, 98.05%, 55.19% and 50.65% cases respectively. Linear regression and correlation analysis revealed that there was close positive relationship ( P <0.05) between the expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9, TIMP 1 and CD44v6, HER2/neu and MMP 9, MMP 2 and p53. Up regulation of MMP 2 was accompanied by advanced T stage ( P <0.01) . There was also a trend of MMP 2 expression being related with tumor metastasis. Increased expression of HER2/neu was found in patients with tumor recurrence( P <0.05). The expression of TIMP 1 was higher in laryngeal cancer than that in pharyngeal cancer, and higher in keratinizing and non keratinizing SCC than that in basaloid SCC( P <0.05). These findings suggested that MMP 2 and MMP 9, HER2/neu and MMP 9, MMP 2 and p53 had a coordinate function in aggression of tumor; that MMP 2 had a more important function than MMP 9 in tumor invasion and metastasis; and that HER2/neu might serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis in HNSCC.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology in differentiating malignant nodules of liver from the benign ones. METHODS: Forty-six nodules in 36 patients (29 men and 7 women) were studied by ...AIM: To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology in differentiating malignant nodules of liver from the benign ones. METHODS: Forty-six nodules in 36 patients (29 men and 7 women) were studied by contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology and contrast-enhanced CT in 1 wk before the biopsy or operation. A low MI monitor and a high MI flash imaging were intermittently performed. After the injection of contrast agent, the period from 10 to 30 s and the time later than 100 s were respectively defined as early arterial phase and the late phase. The vascularities of the liver nodules in the two phases were combined for differential diagnosis. Corresponding to the pathological diagnosis, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology were compared to those of contrast-enhanced CT. RESULTS: By C3-MODE technology, 33 of the 46 liver nodules were demonstrated as defected area in the late phase and were diagnosed as malignant tumors. Of them, 28 with hypervascularity in the early arterial phase were assessed as hepatocellular carcinoma, the other five nodules with rim-like enhancement in the early arterial phase were diagnosed as metastatic tumors. Thirteen nodules were shown as iso or hypervascularity in the late phase as well as centripetal filling in the early arterial phase and we made a diagnosis of hemangioma. Corresponding to the pathological results, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology in differentiating malignant and benign nodules in the liver were 97.0%, 92.3% and 95.7%, respectively. With comparison to those of contrast CT (sensitivity, 94.1%; specificity, 91.7%; accuracy, 93.5%), the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology can effectively differentiate malignant liver tumors from the benign nodules. It highly agrees diagnostically with the pathology. We suggest that it provides a new approach for differential diagnosis of liver nodules in addition to contrast-enhanced CT.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate p53 protein overexpression and to measure serum CA19.9 concentrations in cytological diagnosis of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer.METHODS: 24 patients with suspected pancreatic cancer due to...AIM: To evaluate p53 protein overexpression and to measure serum CA19.9 concentrations in cytological diagnosis of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer.METHODS: 24 patients with suspected pancreatic cancer due to chronic pancreatitis, had a pancreatic mass determined by imaging methods. The serum CA19.9 concentration was measured by solid phase radioimmunoassay. On laparotomy,puncture biopsy was performed, and specimens were divided into two parts for cytological diagnosis and detection of p53 protein.RESULTS: Cytology offered a sensitivity of 0.63, a specificity of 1.00, and an accuracy of 0.63. p53 protein analysis offered a sensitivity of 0.44, a specificity of 1.00, and an accuracy of 0.73. CA19.9 offered a sensitivity of 0.44, a specificity of 0.80, and an accuracy of 0.67. The combined cytology and p53 protein analysis showed a sensitivity of 0.78, a specificity of 1.00, and an accuracy of 0.92. Cytology and CA19.9showed a sensitivity of 0.67, a specificity of 0.80, an accuracy of 0.67. combined cytology and p53 protein analysis and CA19.9 showed a sensitivity of 0.78, a specificity of 0.80,and an accuracy of 0.79.CONCLUSION: Superior to any single test, the combined approach is helpful for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer complicated with chronic pancreatitis.The combined cytology and p53 protein analysis offers the best diagnostic efficacy.展开更多
AIM: To explore the alterations of intestinal mucosa morphology, and the effects of tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα) on enterocyte apoptosis in mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). METHODS: Liver damage was induc...AIM: To explore the alterations of intestinal mucosa morphology, and the effects of tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα) on enterocyte apoptosis in mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). METHODS: Liver damage was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/TNF-α in D-galactosamine (GaIN) sensitized BALB/c mice. There were 40 mice in normal saline (NS)-treated group, 40 mice in LPS-treated group, 40 mice in GaIN-treated group, 120 mice in GaIN/ LPS-treated group and 120 mice in GaIN/ TNFα-treated group. Each group was divided into five subgroups of eight mice each. Serum samples and liver, intestinal tissues were respectively obtained at 2, 6,9,12 and 24 h after administration. Anti-TNFa monoclonal antibody was injected intravenously into GaIN/LPS-treated mice. Serum TNFα levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Serum ALT levels were determined using an automatic analyzer. The intestinal tissues were studied under light microscope and electron microscope at 2, 6, 9,12 and 24 h in mice with fulminant hepatic failure, respectively. Enterocyte apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. The expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) in intestinal tissue was tested by immunohistochemistry Envision Two Steps. RESULTS: Gut mucosa was morphologically normal at all time points in all groups, but typical apoptotic cells could be seen in all experimental groups under electron microscope. Apoptosis rate of gut mucosal epithelial cells were significantly increased at 6, 9 and 12 h, peaked at 12 h in mice with fulminant hepatic failure. TNFa induced apoptosis of enterocytes in mice with FHF. The integrated OD (IOD) levels of TNFa receptor 1 protein expressed in the intestine of mice with GaIN/LPS and GaIN/ TNFα induced FHF at 2, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h after GaIN/LPS and GaIN/TNFα administration were 169.54±52.62/905.79±111.84,11 350.67±2 133.26/28 160.37±4 601.67, 25 781.00±2 277.75/122 352.30±49 412.40, 5 241.53±3 007.24/ 49 157.93±9 804.88, 7 086.13±1 031.15/3 283.45±127.67, respectively, compared with those in control groups (with NS, LPS and GaIN administration, respectively). IOD level of TNFR1 changed significantly at 6, 9 and 12 h after GaIN/LPS and GalN/TNFa administration. The expression of TNFR1 protein was significantly higher at 9 h after GaIN/LPS and GaIN/TNFα administration than that in control groups. Protein expression of TNFR1 was positively correlated with enterocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION: TNFα can induce apoptosis of enterocytes in mice with FHF. Anti-TNFα IgG can inhibit this role.展开更多
Aim: To investigate the effect of abrogating heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression by antisense HSP70 oligonucleotides treatment on human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3m growth. Methods: PC-3m ce...Aim: To investigate the effect of abrogating heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression by antisense HSP70 oligonucleotides treatment on human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3m growth. Methods: PC-3m cells were treated with 0-16 μmol/L antisense HSP70 oligomers for 0-100 hr. Cell growth inhibition was analyzed using a trypan blue dye exclusion test. Apoptotic cells were detected and confirmed by flow cytometric analysis and DNA fragmentation analysis. The protein expression of HSP70 and bcl-2 affected by antisense HSP70 oligomers were determined using Western blot. Results: Antisense HSP70 oligomer induced apoptosis and then inhibited proliferation of PC-3m cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Ladder-like patterns of DNA fragments were observed in PC-3m cells treated with 10 μmol/L antisense HSP70 oligomer for 48 hr or 8 μmol/L for 72 hr on agarose gel electrophoresis. Antisense HSP70 oligomer pretreatment enhanced the subsequent induction of apoptosis by heat shock in PC-3m cells. In addition, undetectable HSP70 expression was observed at a concentration of 10 μmol/L antisense HSP70 oligomer treatment for 48 hr or 8 μmol/L for 72 hr in Western blot, which was paralleled by decreased expression levels of anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. Conclusion: HSP70 antisense oligomer treatment abrogates the expression of HSP70, which may disrupt HSP70-bcl-2-interactions and further down-regulate bcl-2 expression, in turn inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth in PC-3m cells.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of NGF family and their receptors in gastric carcinoma and normal gastric mucosa,and to elucidate their effects on gastric carcinoma.METHODS: RNA of gastric cancer tissues and normal...AIM: To investigate the expression of NGF family and their receptors in gastric carcinoma and normal gastric mucosa,and to elucidate their effects on gastric carcinoma.METHODS: RNA of gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric tissues was respectively isolated and mRNA was purified.Probes of both mRNA reverse transcription product cDNAs labled with α-33P dATP were respectively hybridized with Atlas Array membrane where NGF and their family genes were spotted on. Hybridized signal images were scanned on phosphor screen with ImageQuant 5.1 software after hybridization. Normalized values on spots were analyzed with ArrayVersion 5.0 software. Differential expression of NGF family and their receptors mRNA was confirmed between hybridized Atlas Array membranes of gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa, then their effects on gastric carcinoma were investigated.RESULTS: Hybridization signal images on Atlas Array membrane appeared in a lower level of nonspecific hybridization. Both of NGF family and their receptors Trk family mRNA were expressed in gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosa. But adversely up-regulated expression in other tissues and organs. NGF, BDGF, NT-3, NT-4/5, NT-6and TrkA, B and C were down-regulated simultaneously in gastric carcinoma in comparison with normal gastric mucosa. Degrees of down-regulation in NGF family were greater than those in their receptors Trk family. Downregulation of NT-3 and BDGF was the most significant,and TrkC down-regulation level was the lowest in receptors Trk family.CONCLUSION: Down-regulated expression of NGF family and their receptors Trk family mRNA in gastric cancer is confirmed. NGF family and their receptors Trk family probably play a unique role in gastric cancer cell apoptosis by a novel Ras or Raf signal transduction pathway. Their synchronous effects are closely associated with occurrence and development of gastric carcinoma induced by reduction of signal transduction of programmed cell death.展开更多
AIM:Whether operative procedure is a risk factor influencing recurrence following resection of carcinoma in the head of pancreas or not remains controversies. In this text we compared the recurrence rate of two operat...AIM:Whether operative procedure is a risk factor influencing recurrence following resection of carcinoma in the head of pancreas or not remains controversies. In this text we compared the recurrence rate of two operative procedure:the Whipple procedure and extended radical operation, and inquired into the factors influencing recurrence after radical resection.METHODS: From January 1995 to December 1998, 35 cases of carcinoma of pancreas underwent the Whipple operadure,21 patients received the Extended radical operation.All patients were followed up for more than 3 years.Prognostic factors included operative procedure, size of tumor, lymph node, interstitial invasion.RESULTS: Deaths duo to recurrence within 3 years after operation were studied.The death rate was 51.4% in the Whipple procedure and 42.9% in the Extended radical operative procedure.There was a significant difference between the two groups. Recurrence occurred in 75% patients with tumor large than 4cm, in 87.5% patients with lymph node involvement, and in 50% patients with the presence of interstitial invasion.CONCLUSION:Tumor exceeding 4 cm,lymph node involvement,and presence of interstitial invasion are high risk factors of recurrence after Whipple's procedure and extended radical operation.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the distribution of H.pylori antigens in the gastric mucosa in patients with H.pylori infection, and the relationship between the distribution and gastric cancer. Methods: Of 112 patients con...Objective: To investigate the distribution of H.pylori antigens in the gastric mucosa in patients with H.pylori infection, and the relationship between the distribution and gastric cancer. Methods: Of 112 patients confirmed by patho-logical study to have chronic superficial gastritis, precancerous changes (chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia or atypical hyperplasia) and gastric cancer, 28 were H.pylori negative and 84 were H.pylori positive. H.pylori antigens in the gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The H.pylori positive group, comprised 12 of 22 (50.0%) in the chronic superficial gastritis group, 22 of 25 (88.0%) in the precancerous changes group and 13 of 35 (37.1%) in the gastric cancer group. The positive rates of H.pylori antigens in the cytoplasm progressively increased, respectively at 0.0% (0/12), 63.6% (14/22) and 84.6% (11/13) for the same groups (c2=19.76, P=0.000); H.pylori antigens were located in the mucus layer and above the neck of the mucosal gland in 9 of 12 (75.0%) cases with chronic superficial gastritis, at the neck of the mucosal gland and the isthmus in 12 of 22 (54.5%) cases with precancerous changes, below the isthmus in 9 of 13 (69.2%) cases with gastric cancer (c2=25.30, P=0.000). In the H.pylori negative group, no H.pylori antigen was observed. Conclusion: With the progression of chronic superficial gastritisprecancerous changesgastric cancer, H.pylori antigens progressively migrated from the outer part to the inner part of the cell, and from the superficial to the deep gastric mucosa.展开更多
文摘Objective To study the abnormal reactions of a series of free radicals and the oxidative damages induced by free radical abnormal reactions in the bodies of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Methods Eighty chronic glomerulonephritis patients (CGNP) and eighty healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a random control study, in which concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma and in erythrocytes, and vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (?CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined with spectrophotometric assays. Results Compared with the average values of the above biochemical parameters in the HAV group, the average values of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly increased (P = 0.0001), while those of VC, VE and -CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly decreased (P = 0.0001). Pearson product-moment correlation analysis showed that with increase of the concentration of blood creatinine as well as prolongation of the course of disease in the CGNP, the concentrations of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP increased gradually, while the concentrations of VC, VE and ?CAR in plasma as well as the activities of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP decreased gradually (P = 0.002454 0.000001). The relative risk ratio (RR) of the above biochemical parameters reflecting oxidative damages in the bodies of CGNP ranged from 6.061 to 72.429. The reliability coefficient (alpha) that the above biochemical parameters were used to reflect the oxidative damages of the CGNP was 0.8137, standardized item alpha = 0.9728, Hotelling抯 T-Squared = 1135680.191, F = 53274.6478, P = 0.000001. Conclusions The findings in this study show that in the bodies of CGNP a series of free radical chain reactions result in severe pathological aggravation and induce oxidative damages in their bodies. Therefore, suitable dose of antioxidants should be supplemented to them so as to alleviate oxidative damages in their bodies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30270371
文摘AIM:There is still no accepted conclusion regarding the clinical features and related risk factors of patients with fatty liver.The large-scale clinical studies have not carried out yet in Guangzhou area. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features and related risk factors of patients with fatty liver in Guangzhou area.METHODS:A total of 413 cases with fatty liver were enrolled in the study from January 1998 to May 2002. Retrospective case-control study was used to evaluate the clinical features and related risk factors of fatty liver with logistic regression.RESULTS: Obesity (OR：21.204), alcohol abuse (OR：18.601),type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR：4.461), serum triglyceride (TG)(OR：3.916), serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR：1.840) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (OR：1.535) were positively correlated to the formation of the fatty liver.The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT) increased mildly in the patients with fatty liver and were often less than 2-fold of the normal limit.The higher abnormalities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (42.9%) with AST/ALT more than 2(17.9%) were found in patients with alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) than those with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) (16.9% and 5.0% respectively).The elevation of serum TG, cholesterol (CHOL), LDL-C was more common in patients with NAFL than with AFL.CONCLUSION:Obesity, alcohol abuse, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidernia may be independent risk factors of fatty liver.The mildly abnormal hepatic functions can be found in patients with fatty liver.More obvious damages of liver function with AST/ALT usually more than 2 were noted in patients with AFL.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effects of nitroester drugs on human sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility and their antagonistic effects against morphine which shows excitatory effect on Oddi's sphincter motility.METHODS: The effects of these drugs on SO were evaluated by means of choledochofiberoscopy manometry.A total of 67 patients having T-tubes after cholecystectomy and choledochotomy were involved in the study, they were randomly divided into glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) group,isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) group, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PTN) group, morphine associated with GTN group, morphine associated with ISDN group and morphine associated with PTN group. Basal pressure of Oddi's sphincter (BPOS), amplitude of phasic contractions (SOCA), frequency of phasic contractions (SOF), duration of phasic contractions (SOD), duodenal pressure (DP) and common bile duct pressure (CBDP) were scored and analyzed. Morphine was given intramuscularly while nitroester drugs were applied sublingually.RESULTS: BPOS and SOCA decreased significantly after administration of ISDN and GTN, BPOS reduced from 10.95±7.49 mmHg to 5.92±4.04 mmHg (P＜0.05) evidently after application of PTN. BPOS increased from 7.37±5.58mmHg to 16.60±13.87 mmHg, SOCA increased from 54.09±38.37 mmHg to 100.70±43.51 mmHg, SOF increased from 7.15±3.20 mmHg to 10.38±2.93 mmHg and CBDP increased 3.75±1.95 mmHg to 10.49±8.21 mmHg (P＜0.01)evidently after injection of morphine. After associated application of ISDN and GTN, the four indications above decreased obviously. As for application associated with PTN,SOCA and SOF decreased separately from 100.64±44.99mmHg to 66.17±35.88 mmHg and from 10.70±2.76 mmHg to 9.04±1.71 mmHg (P＜0.05) markedly.CONCLUSION: The regular dose of GTN, ISDN and PTN showed inhibitory effect on SO motility, morphine showed excitatory effect on SO while GTN, ISDN and PTN could antagonize the effect of morphine. Among the three nitroester drugs, the effect of ISDN on SO was most significant.
文摘大肠癌是我国常见肿瘤，其发病率已位居恶性肿瘤谱的第3—5位，且呈继续上升趋势。我国20多年大肠癌的流行病学研究明确了中国人大肠癌的危险因素为肠息肉史、慢性腹泻、慢性便秘、粘液血便、精神刺激史、饮不洁水史、阑尾手术史和家族肿瘤史等，并在此基础上建立了数量化的评价模式AD值，结合RPHA-FOB为初筛，肠镜为精筛，建立并优化了大肠癌的序贯筛检方案，在人群中应用取得了较好的结果，适合全国推广。同时，以人群为基础，以队列研究和整群随机对照试验的方法，对两个大肠癌现场进行群体防治，从普通人群中检出大肠癌高危人群或癌前病变，对癌前病变腺瘤和息肉进行摘除(即对高危人群进行干预)，有效预防了大肠癌的发生并大幅度降低全人群大肠癌死亡率与发病率。 Summary Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common causes of death from cancer in China. During the past twenty years, several case-control studies revealed the high risk factors of CRC in China, which were personal history of intestinal polyp,chronic diarrhea, feces with mucin and blood, psychic attack, drinking of unclear water, operation on appendix, history of chronic constipation and family history of cancer. From these factors, a risk-asessment mode (AD value) was constructed, combined with RPHA-FOB, a mass screening mode was established and applied into common people, awarded with a good result. The populationbased CRC prevention including randomized trial has been conducted in two fields( Haining city and Jiashan city in Zhejiang province), which demonstrated that removal of CRC pre-cancer lesions such as adenomas and polyps could reduce CRC incidence and mortalitv remarkablv.
文摘Objective To study the state of oxidative stress in patients with acute coxsackie virusmyocarditis (ACM), and to investigate the pathological chain reactions of a series of freeradicals and oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in their bodies. Methods Eighty ACMpatients and 80 healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a case-control study, inwhich concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma andLPO in erythrocytes (RBC), vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and b-carotene (b-CAR) inplasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px) in RBC were determined by using spectrophotometric assays. ResultsCompared with the average values (AV) of the above biochemical parameters (BP) in theHAV group, the AV of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and RBC in the ACM group weresignificantly increased (P=0.0001), while the AV of VC, VE, b-CAR, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in the ACM group were significantly decreased (P=0.0001). The values of the above BPwere used to estimate the relative risk ratio (RR) between the ACM group and the HAVgroup; the RR and its 95 % confidence interval were 12.467 (5.745~27.051), 4.333(2.126~8.834), 6.517 (3.225~13.618), 3.310 (1.598~6.858), 31.000 (12.611~76.201),4.663 (2.228~9.759), 11.769 (5.440~25.462), 3.043 (1.486~6.229) and 6.594 (3.045~14.281)respectively, and their P levels ranged from 0.002 to 0.0001. The results were asfollows: D = 22.143 - 0.017SOD + 0.008NO + 0.244LPO in RBC, Eigenvalue = 13.659,Canonical correlation = 0.965, Wilks’λ= 0.068, c2 = 420.212, P = 0.0001. The correct rateof discrimination to the ACM group and to the HAV group was 87.5% and 95.0 %, respectively,and 91.3 % of originally grouped cases was correctly classified. Conclusion The findingsin this study suggested that the oxidative stress in bodies of ACM patients was severelyaggravated, and marked high oxidative constituents and low antioxidants and antioxidasesin the human body might increase the relative risk of inducing acute coxsackie virusmyocarditis, and measuring the values of NO in plasma, SOD and LPO in RBC mightincrease the correct rates of discriminatory analysis of the ACM.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30270631,No.30370671,Science Foundation of Chongqing Health Bureau.No.99-3002 and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Chongqing Science and Technology Committee,No.02-34 and Science Founda
文摘AIM: To explore the influence of hepatic glucose production on acute insulin resistance induced by a lipid infusion in awake rats. METHODS: A hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp was established in awake chronically catheterized rats. Two groups of rats were studied either with a 4-h intraarterial infusion of lipid/heparin or saline. Insulin-mediated peripheral and hepatic glucose metabolism was assessed by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp combined with [3-^3H]-glucose infusion. RESULTS: During hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp,there was a significant increase in plasma free fatty acid (FFA, from 741.9±50.6 to 2346.44±238.5μmol/L, P<0.01) in lipid-infused group. The glucose infusion rates (GIR) in the lipid infusion rats, compared to control rats, were significantly reduced (200-240 min average: lipid infusion; 12.64±1.5 vs control; 34.04±1.6 mg/kg.min, P<0.01), declining to - 35% of the corresponding control values during the last time of the clamp (240min: lipid infusion; 12.04±1.9 vs control; 34.74±1.7 mg/kg·min, P<0.0001). At the end of clamp study,the hepatic glucose production (HGP) in control rats was significantly suppressed (88%) from 19.04±4.5 (basal) to 2.34±0.9 mg/kg.min (P<0.01). The suppressive effect of insulin on HGP was significantly blunted in the lipid-infused rats (200-240 min: from 18.74±3.0 to 23.24±3.1 mg/kg.min (P<0.05). The rate of glucose disappearance (GRd) was a slight decrease in the lipid-infused rats compared with controls during the clamp.CONCLUSION: These data suggest that lipid infusion could induces suppression of hepatic glucose production, impairs the abilities of insulin to suppress lipolysis and mediate glucose utilization in peripheral tissue. Therefore, we conclude that lipid-infusion induces an acute insulin resistance in vivo.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province,China,NO.2000C0058MScientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Yunnan Province,NO.0011010
文摘AIM: To investigate the change of HBV DNA, PCNA and GST-π in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and glutathione S-transferases (GST-π) were detected by immunohistochemical staining and HBV DNA was detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections with a total of 111 specimens of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis,paratumorous tissue, HCC and normal liver tissue.RESULTS: The positive rates of HBsAg and HBVDNA were 62.5 %(15/24) and 75.0 %(12/16) in chronic hepatitis,64.0 %(16/25) and 83.3 %(15/18) in liver cirrhosis, 72.7 %(16/22) and 85.7 %(12/14) in the paratumorous tissu and 45.0 %(14/31) and 64.3 %(9/14) in HCC. The positive HBVDNA granules in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and the paratumorous tissue were more intense than that in HCC.The positive rates of PCNA and GST-π were 34.8 %(8/23)and 25.0 %(4/16) in chronic hepatitis, 73.7 %(14/19) and 17.6 %(3/17) in liver cirrhosis, 86.7 %(13/15) and 53.3 % (8/15) in the paratumorous tissue, 100 %(15/15) and 60.0 %(9/15) in HCC, respectively, and the positive rate of GST-πin the paratumorous tissue was significantly higher than that in the liver cirrhosis without tumor (P＜0.05), but same as that in HCC(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: The HBV infection may increase expression of PCNA and GST-π. The paratumor cirrhosis may be a sequential lesion of precancerous cirrhosis around HCC.
文摘To estimate the impact of copying on the indoor air quality, and to investigate whether ozone emitted during such a process induces pathological oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the bodies of operators. Methods 67 copying operators (CO) and 67 healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled in a random control study, in which levels of lipoperoxide (LPO) in plasma and erythrocytes, and levels of vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and b-carotene (b-CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Results Compared with the HV group, the average values of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CO group were significantly increased (P<0.0001), while those of VC, VE and b-CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CO group were significantly decreased (P<0.0001). Pearson product-moment correlation analysis showed that with increase of ozone level in copying sites and duration of exposure to ozone, the values of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the bodies of operators were gradually increased,while those of VC, VE, b-CAR, SOD, CAT and GPX were decreased in the same manner. Odds ratio (OR) of risk of biochemical parameters reflecting potential oxidative damage of the copying operators ranged from 4.440 to 13.516, and 95 % CI of OR was from 2.113 to 34.061. Reliability coefficient () of the biochemical parameters used to reflect the potential oxidative damage of the operators was 0.8156, standardized item =0.9929, P<0.0001. Conclusion Findings in the present study suggest that there exist a series of free radical chain reactions and pathological oxidative stress induced by high dose ozone in the operators, thereby causing potential oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in their bodies.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guartgdong Province,No.984213Academic Foundation of Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences and Ministry of Health for Project 211,No.F000099075
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and mRNA of GHR in cirrhotic livers of rats with the intension to find the basis for application of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS: Hepatic cirrhosis was induced in SpragueDawley rats by administration of thioacetamide intraperitoneally for 9-12 weeks. Collagenase Ⅳ was perfused in situ for isolation of hepatocytes. The expression of GHR and its mRNA in cirrhotic livers was studied with radio-ligand binding assay, RT-PCR and digital image analysis.RESULTS: One class of specific growth hormone-binding site, GHR, was detected in hepatocytes and hepatic tissue of cirrhotic livers. The binding capacity of GHR (RT, fmol/mg protein) in rat cirrhotic liver tissue (30.8±1.9) was significantly lower than that in normal control (74.9±3.9) at the time point of the ninth week after initiation of induction of cirrhosis (n=10, P＜0.05), and it decreased gradually along with the accumulation of collagen in the process of formation and development of liver cirrhosis (P＜0.05). The number of binding sites (×10 4/cell) of GHR on rat cirrhotic hepatocytes (0.86±0.16) was significantly lower than that (1.28±0.24)in control (n= 10, P＜0.05). The binding affinity of GHR among liver tissue, hepatocytes of various groups had no significant difference (P＞0.05). The expression of GHR mRNA (riOD,pixel) in rat cirrhotic hepatic tissues (23.3±3.1) was also significantly lower than that (29.3±3.4) in normal control (n=10, P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: The growth hormone receptor was expressed in a reduced level in liver tissue of cirrhotic rats,and lesser expression of growth hormone receptors was found in a later stage of cirrhosis. The reduced expression of growth hormone receptor was partly due to its decreased expression on cirrhotic hepatocytes and the reduced expression of its mRNA in cirrhotic liver tissue.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of antireflux treatment on bronchial hyper-responsiveness and lung function in asthmatic patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).MF THODS: Thirty asthmatic patients with GERD were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B).Patients in group A (n=15) only received asthma medication including inhaled salbutamol 200 pg four times a day and budesonide 400 μg twice a day for 6 weeks. Patients in Group B (n=15) received the same medication as group A,and also antireflux therapy including oral omeprazole 20mg once a day and domperidone 10 mg three times a day for 6 weeks. Pulmonary function tests and histamine bronchoprovocation test were performed before and after the study.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the baseline values of pulmonary function and histamine PC20-FEV1 between the two groups. At the end of the study, the mean values for VC, VC%, FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, PEF, PEF%, PC20-FEV1were all significantly improved in group B, compared with group A.CONCLUSION: Antireflux therapy may improve pulmonary function and inhibit bronchial hyper-responsiveness in asthmatic patients with GERD.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.984213 and Academic Foundation of Sun Yat -Sen University and Ministry of Public Health for Project 211,No.F000099075
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects and molecular mechanismsof recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) onprotecting liver function and alleviating portal hypertensionof liver cirrhotic rats.METHODS: Liver cirrhosis of male Sprague-Dawley ratswas induced by administration of thioacetamide. The ratswith or without liver cirrhosis were randomly divided intofour groups. Group A consisted of the normal rats wastreated with normal saline (NS), group B consisted of thenormal rats was treated with rhGH, group C consisted ofcirrhotic rats was treated with NS, and group D consistedof cirrhotic rats was treated with rhGH. The rats of differentgroups were subcutaneously injected with 0.5 mL of NS or333 ng/kg of rhGH daily for 7 d. After treatments, thefollowing parameters were examined, including GH-bindingcapacity (RO by 12SI-hGH binding, growth hormone receptormRNA(GHR mRNA) expression by RT-PCR, relative contentof collagen (RCC) by histomorphomertry, and level ofmalon-dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)in liver tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction and pyrogallicacid self-oxidation, respectively. Serum albumin (ALB),alanine transaminase (ALT) and portal vein pressure (PVP)were also examined.RESULTS: rhGH up-regulated both the GH-binding capacity(R0 and the expression of GHR mRNA in vivo. RT in groupA (72+12 fmol/mg protein) was significantly higher thanthat in group C (31+4 fmol/mg protein) (P<0.05). RT ingroup B (80+9 fmol/mg protein) increased markedlycompared to group A (P<0.05). RT in group D (40+7 fmol/mgprotein) raised remarkably compared with group C (P<0.05),but less than that in group A, and there was no significantGH binding affinity contrast (Kd) change. The GHR mRNAlevel (iOD, pixel) in group A (29+3) was significantly higherthan that in group C (23+3) (P<0.05). GHR mRNA levelswere significantly raised in group B (56+4) and group D(42+8) compared with groups A and C (29+3 and 23+3,respectively) (P<0.05). Compared with the normal liver,MDA level was higher and SOD level was lower in cirrhoticlivers. After rhGH treatment, MDA level was significantlydeclined to 12.0+2.2 nmol/mg protein and SOD was raisedto 1029+76 U/rag protein in group D (P<0.05). ALB levelsin groups B and D (42+7 g/L and 37+7 g/L, respectively)were significantly raised compared with those in groups Aand C (35+5 g/L and 29+4 g/L, respectively) (P<0.05).ALT level was markedly lower in group D (69+7 U/L)compared to group C (89+15 U/L) (P<0.05), and close togroup A (61+10 U/L). RCC in group C (22.30+3.86%) wassignificantly higher than that in group A (1.14+0.21%) andgroup D (14.70+2.07%) (P<0.05). In addition, rhGHmarkedly alleviated portal hypertension in liver cirrhoticrats (group D vsC, 9.3+1.5 cmH20 vs 14.4+2.0 cmH20)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Pharmacological doses of rhGH canincrease RT and GHR mRNA expression, ameliorate liverfunctions, repress fibrosis and decline portal hypertension,suggesting it has potentially clinical usage as a hepatotropicfactor.
基金supported by grants from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.001CB5099)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2001AA216121)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30040003)Projects of Shanghai Science&Technology Development Foundation(No.99DJ14002,00DJ14033,01DJ14003)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX-2-3-08)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and by Shanghai Second Medical University
文摘To solve the problem of immune incompatibility, nuclear transplantation has been envisaged as a means to produce cells or tissues for human autologous transplantation. Here we have derived embryonic stem cells by the transfer of human somatic nuclei into rabbit oocytes. The number of blastocysts that developed from the fused nuclear transfer was comparable among nuclear donors at ages of 5, 42, 52 and 60 years, and nuclear transfer (NT) embryonic stem cells (ntES cells) were subsequently derived from each of the four age groups. These results suggest that human somatic nuclei can form ntES cells independent of the age of the donor. The derived ntES cells are human based on karyotype, isogenicity, in situ hybridization, PCR and immunocytochemistry with probes that distinguish between the various species. The ntES cells maintain the capability of sustained growth in an undifferentiated state, and form embryoid bodies, which, on further induction, give rise to cell types such as neuron and muscle, as well as mixed cell populations that express markers representative of all three germ layers. Thus, ntES cells derived from human somatic cells by NT to rabbit eggs retain phenotypes similar to those of conventional human ES cells, including the ability to undergo multilineage cellular differentiation.
文摘This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism in tumor invasion and metastasis. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2, 9 (MMP 2, MMP 9), tissue inhibitor 1 of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP 1), cell adhesion molecule 44 variant 6 (CD44v6), HER2/neu and p53 was investigated in 154 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by ABC and ImmunoMax immunohistochemical method. Their clinical relevance and correlation were analysed. The expression of MMP 2, MMP 9, TIMP 1, CD44v6, HER2/neu and p53 was found in cancer cells in 87.01%, 85.71%, 68.18%, 98.05%, 55.19% and 50.65% cases respectively. Linear regression and correlation analysis revealed that there was close positive relationship ( P <0.05) between the expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9, TIMP 1 and CD44v6, HER2/neu and MMP 9, MMP 2 and p53. Up regulation of MMP 2 was accompanied by advanced T stage ( P <0.01) . There was also a trend of MMP 2 expression being related with tumor metastasis. Increased expression of HER2/neu was found in patients with tumor recurrence( P <0.05). The expression of TIMP 1 was higher in laryngeal cancer than that in pharyngeal cancer, and higher in keratinizing and non keratinizing SCC than that in basaloid SCC( P <0.05). These findings suggested that MMP 2 and MMP 9, HER2/neu and MMP 9, MMP 2 and p53 had a coordinate function in aggression of tumor; that MMP 2 had a more important function than MMP 9 in tumor invasion and metastasis; and that HER2/neu might serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis in HNSCC.
基金Supported by the Science Foundation of the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, No. 2002C30315
文摘AIM: To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology in differentiating malignant nodules of liver from the benign ones. METHODS: Forty-six nodules in 36 patients (29 men and 7 women) were studied by contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology and contrast-enhanced CT in 1 wk before the biopsy or operation. A low MI monitor and a high MI flash imaging were intermittently performed. After the injection of contrast agent, the period from 10 to 30 s and the time later than 100 s were respectively defined as early arterial phase and the late phase. The vascularities of the liver nodules in the two phases were combined for differential diagnosis. Corresponding to the pathological diagnosis, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology were compared to those of contrast-enhanced CT. RESULTS: By C3-MODE technology, 33 of the 46 liver nodules were demonstrated as defected area in the late phase and were diagnosed as malignant tumors. Of them, 28 with hypervascularity in the early arterial phase were assessed as hepatocellular carcinoma, the other five nodules with rim-like enhancement in the early arterial phase were diagnosed as metastatic tumors. Thirteen nodules were shown as iso or hypervascularity in the late phase as well as centripetal filling in the early arterial phase and we made a diagnosis of hemangioma. Corresponding to the pathological results, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology in differentiating malignant and benign nodules in the liver were 97.0%, 92.3% and 95.7%, respectively. With comparison to those of contrast CT (sensitivity, 94.1%; specificity, 91.7%; accuracy, 93.5%), the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology can effectively differentiate malignant liver tumors from the benign nodules. It highly agrees diagnostically with the pathology. We suggest that it provides a new approach for differential diagnosis of liver nodules in addition to contrast-enhanced CT.
文摘AIM: To evaluate p53 protein overexpression and to measure serum CA19.9 concentrations in cytological diagnosis of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer.METHODS: 24 patients with suspected pancreatic cancer due to chronic pancreatitis, had a pancreatic mass determined by imaging methods. The serum CA19.9 concentration was measured by solid phase radioimmunoassay. On laparotomy,puncture biopsy was performed, and specimens were divided into two parts for cytological diagnosis and detection of p53 protein.RESULTS: Cytology offered a sensitivity of 0.63, a specificity of 1.00, and an accuracy of 0.63. p53 protein analysis offered a sensitivity of 0.44, a specificity of 1.00, and an accuracy of 0.73. CA19.9 offered a sensitivity of 0.44, a specificity of 0.80, and an accuracy of 0.67. The combined cytology and p53 protein analysis showed a sensitivity of 0.78, a specificity of 1.00, and an accuracy of 0.92. Cytology and CA19.9showed a sensitivity of 0.67, a specificity of 0.80, an accuracy of 0.67. combined cytology and p53 protein analysis and CA19.9 showed a sensitivity of 0.78, a specificity of 0.80,and an accuracy of 0.79.CONCLUSION: Superior to any single test, the combined approach is helpful for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer complicated with chronic pancreatitis.The combined cytology and p53 protein analysis offers the best diagnostic efficacy.
基金Supported by Research Foundation of Ministry of Public Health, No. 97100252
文摘AIM: To explore the alterations of intestinal mucosa morphology, and the effects of tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα) on enterocyte apoptosis in mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). METHODS: Liver damage was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/TNF-α in D-galactosamine (GaIN) sensitized BALB/c mice. There were 40 mice in normal saline (NS)-treated group, 40 mice in LPS-treated group, 40 mice in GaIN-treated group, 120 mice in GaIN/ LPS-treated group and 120 mice in GaIN/ TNFα-treated group. Each group was divided into five subgroups of eight mice each. Serum samples and liver, intestinal tissues were respectively obtained at 2, 6,9,12 and 24 h after administration. Anti-TNFa monoclonal antibody was injected intravenously into GaIN/LPS-treated mice. Serum TNFα levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Serum ALT levels were determined using an automatic analyzer. The intestinal tissues were studied under light microscope and electron microscope at 2, 6, 9,12 and 24 h in mice with fulminant hepatic failure, respectively. Enterocyte apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. The expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) in intestinal tissue was tested by immunohistochemistry Envision Two Steps. RESULTS: Gut mucosa was morphologically normal at all time points in all groups, but typical apoptotic cells could be seen in all experimental groups under electron microscope. Apoptosis rate of gut mucosal epithelial cells were significantly increased at 6, 9 and 12 h, peaked at 12 h in mice with fulminant hepatic failure. TNFa induced apoptosis of enterocytes in mice with FHF. The integrated OD (IOD) levels of TNFa receptor 1 protein expressed in the intestine of mice with GaIN/LPS and GaIN/ TNFα induced FHF at 2, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h after GaIN/LPS and GaIN/TNFα administration were 169.54±52.62/905.79±111.84,11 350.67±2 133.26/28 160.37±4 601.67, 25 781.00±2 277.75/122 352.30±49 412.40, 5 241.53±3 007.24/ 49 157.93±9 804.88, 7 086.13±1 031.15/3 283.45±127.67, respectively, compared with those in control groups (with NS, LPS and GaIN administration, respectively). IOD level of TNFR1 changed significantly at 6, 9 and 12 h after GaIN/LPS and GalN/TNFa administration. The expression of TNFR1 protein was significantly higher at 9 h after GaIN/LPS and GaIN/TNFα administration than that in control groups. Protein expression of TNFR1 was positively correlated with enterocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION: TNFα can induce apoptosis of enterocytes in mice with FHF. Anti-TNFα IgG can inhibit this role.
文摘Aim: To investigate the effect of abrogating heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression by antisense HSP70 oligonucleotides treatment on human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3m growth. Methods: PC-3m cells were treated with 0-16 μmol/L antisense HSP70 oligomers for 0-100 hr. Cell growth inhibition was analyzed using a trypan blue dye exclusion test. Apoptotic cells were detected and confirmed by flow cytometric analysis and DNA fragmentation analysis. The protein expression of HSP70 and bcl-2 affected by antisense HSP70 oligomers were determined using Western blot. Results: Antisense HSP70 oligomer induced apoptosis and then inhibited proliferation of PC-3m cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Ladder-like patterns of DNA fragments were observed in PC-3m cells treated with 10 μmol/L antisense HSP70 oligomer for 48 hr or 8 μmol/L for 72 hr on agarose gel electrophoresis. Antisense HSP70 oligomer pretreatment enhanced the subsequent induction of apoptosis by heat shock in PC-3m cells. In addition, undetectable HSP70 expression was observed at a concentration of 10 μmol/L antisense HSP70 oligomer treatment for 48 hr or 8 μmol/L for 72 hr in Western blot, which was paralleled by decreased expression levels of anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. Conclusion: HSP70 antisense oligomer treatment abrogates the expression of HSP70, which may disrupt HSP70-bcl-2-interactions and further down-regulate bcl-2 expression, in turn inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth in PC-3m cells.
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of NGF family and their receptors in gastric carcinoma and normal gastric mucosa,and to elucidate their effects on gastric carcinoma.METHODS: RNA of gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric tissues was respectively isolated and mRNA was purified.Probes of both mRNA reverse transcription product cDNAs labled with α-33P dATP were respectively hybridized with Atlas Array membrane where NGF and their family genes were spotted on. Hybridized signal images were scanned on phosphor screen with ImageQuant 5.1 software after hybridization. Normalized values on spots were analyzed with ArrayVersion 5.0 software. Differential expression of NGF family and their receptors mRNA was confirmed between hybridized Atlas Array membranes of gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa, then their effects on gastric carcinoma were investigated.RESULTS: Hybridization signal images on Atlas Array membrane appeared in a lower level of nonspecific hybridization. Both of NGF family and their receptors Trk family mRNA were expressed in gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosa. But adversely up-regulated expression in other tissues and organs. NGF, BDGF, NT-3, NT-4/5, NT-6and TrkA, B and C were down-regulated simultaneously in gastric carcinoma in comparison with normal gastric mucosa. Degrees of down-regulation in NGF family were greater than those in their receptors Trk family. Downregulation of NT-3 and BDGF was the most significant,and TrkC down-regulation level was the lowest in receptors Trk family.CONCLUSION: Down-regulated expression of NGF family and their receptors Trk family mRNA in gastric cancer is confirmed. NGF family and their receptors Trk family probably play a unique role in gastric cancer cell apoptosis by a novel Ras or Raf signal transduction pathway. Their synchronous effects are closely associated with occurrence and development of gastric carcinoma induced by reduction of signal transduction of programmed cell death.
文摘AIM:Whether operative procedure is a risk factor influencing recurrence following resection of carcinoma in the head of pancreas or not remains controversies. In this text we compared the recurrence rate of two operative procedure:the Whipple procedure and extended radical operation, and inquired into the factors influencing recurrence after radical resection.METHODS: From January 1995 to December 1998, 35 cases of carcinoma of pancreas underwent the Whipple operadure,21 patients received the Extended radical operation.All patients were followed up for more than 3 years.Prognostic factors included operative procedure, size of tumor, lymph node, interstitial invasion.RESULTS: Deaths duo to recurrence within 3 years after operation were studied.The death rate was 51.4% in the Whipple procedure and 42.9% in the Extended radical operative procedure.There was a significant difference between the two groups. Recurrence occurred in 75% patients with tumor large than 4cm, in 87.5% patients with lymph node involvement, and in 50% patients with the presence of interstitial invasion.CONCLUSION:Tumor exceeding 4 cm,lymph node involvement,and presence of interstitial invasion are high risk factors of recurrence after Whipple's procedure and extended radical operation.
文摘Objective: To investigate the distribution of H.pylori antigens in the gastric mucosa in patients with H.pylori infection, and the relationship between the distribution and gastric cancer. Methods: Of 112 patients confirmed by patho-logical study to have chronic superficial gastritis, precancerous changes (chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia or atypical hyperplasia) and gastric cancer, 28 were H.pylori negative and 84 were H.pylori positive. H.pylori antigens in the gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The H.pylori positive group, comprised 12 of 22 (50.0%) in the chronic superficial gastritis group, 22 of 25 (88.0%) in the precancerous changes group and 13 of 35 (37.1%) in the gastric cancer group. The positive rates of H.pylori antigens in the cytoplasm progressively increased, respectively at 0.0% (0/12), 63.6% (14/22) and 84.6% (11/13) for the same groups (c2=19.76, P=0.000); H.pylori antigens were located in the mucus layer and above the neck of the mucosal gland in 9 of 12 (75.0%) cases with chronic superficial gastritis, at the neck of the mucosal gland and the isthmus in 12 of 22 (54.5%) cases with precancerous changes, below the isthmus in 9 of 13 (69.2%) cases with gastric cancer (c2=25.30, P=0.000). In the H.pylori negative group, no H.pylori antigen was observed. Conclusion: With the progression of chronic superficial gastritisprecancerous changesgastric cancer, H.pylori antigens progressively migrated from the outer part to the inner part of the cell, and from the superficial to the deep gastric mucosa.
