The speed and pace of the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2;also referred to as novel Coronavirus 2019 and COVID-19)have resulted in a global pandemic,with significant health,f...The speed and pace of the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2;also referred to as novel Coronavirus 2019 and COVID-19)have resulted in a global pandemic,with significant health,financial,political,and other implications.There have been various attempts to manage COVID-19 and other pandemics using technologies such as Internet of Things(IoT)and 5G/6G communications.However,we also need to ensure that IoT devices used to facilitate COVID-19 monitoring and treatment(e.g.,medical IoT devices)are secured,as the compromise of such devices can have significant consequences(e.g.,life-threatening risks to COVID-19 patients).Hence,in this paper we comprehensively survey existing IoT-related solutions,potential security and privacy risks and their requirements.For example,we classify existing security and privacy solutions into five categories,namely:authentication and access control solutions,key management and cryptography solutions,blockchain-based solutions,intrusion detection systems,and privacy-preserving solutions.In each category,we identify the associated challenges.We also identify a number of recommendations to inform future research.展开更多
The complex nonlinear characteristics of pneumatic soft actuators,such as asymmetric hysteresis,rate-dependence,and mechanical load-dependence,pose a challenge in accurately modeling their dynamics.To address this cha...The complex nonlinear characteristics of pneumatic soft actuators,such as asymmetric hysteresis,rate-dependence,and mechanical load-dependence,pose a challenge in accurately modeling their dynamics.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a comprehensive dynamic model aimed at describing bidirectional asymmetric hysteresis,rate-dependent,and mechanical load-dependent characteristics of a vertical pneumatic bellows actuator(PBA)system.The dynamic model contains a hysteresis submodel and a load-dependent dynamic submodel.The hysteresis submodel consists of several sets of weighted double-side play(DSP)and weighted dead-zone(DZ)operators connected in series,and it is used to model the bidirectional asymmetric hysteresis of the system.The load-dependent dynamic submodel is built based on the gated recurrent unit(GRU)neural network,and it is used to fit the nonlinear relationship between the displacement of the system and the frequency of the input air pressure as well as the mechanical load.The model parameters of the hysteresis submodel and the loaddependent dynamic submodel are determined by intelligent optimization method and neural network training method,reseparately.The fitness value(FV)between the output of the dynamic model and the experimental data is calculated to be 96.1736%,demonstrating that the parameters of the dynamic model are valid.We conduct six set of experiments to compare the model output with the experimental data,and calculate the root-meansquare errors and the maximum error,respectively.The experimental results show that,the root-mean-square error remains consistently below 2.7700%,while the maximum error remains below 8.4000%across all experiments,thereby substantiating the validity and generality of the proposed model.展开更多
Adaptive graph neural networks(AGNNs)have achieved remarkable success in industrial process soft sensing by incorporating explicit features that delineate the relationships between process variables.This article intro...Adaptive graph neural networks(AGNNs)have achieved remarkable success in industrial process soft sensing by incorporating explicit features that delineate the relationships between process variables.This article introduces a novel GNN framework,termed entropy-regularized ensemble adaptive graph(E^(2)AG),aimed at enhancing the predictive accuracy of AGNNs.Specifically,this work pioneers a novel AGNN learning approach based on mirror descent,which is central to ensuring the efficiency of the training procedure and consequently guarantees that the learned graph naturally adheres to the row-normalization requirement intrinsic to the message-passing of GNNs.Subsequently,motivated by multi-head self-attention mechanism,the training of ensembled AGNNs is rigorously examined within this framework,incorporating an entropy regularization term in the learning objective to ensure the diversity of the learned graph.After that,the architecture and training algorithm of the model are then concisely summarized.Finally,to ascertain the efficacy of the proposed E^(2)AG model,extensive experiments are conducted on real-world industrial datasets.The evaluation focuses on prediction accuracy,model efficacy,and sensitivity analysis,demonstrating the superiority of E^(2)AG in industrial soft sensing applications.展开更多
Connected automated vehicles(CAVs)serve as a promising enabler for future intelligent transportation systems because of their capabilities in improving traffic efficiency and driving safety,and reducing fuel consumpti...Connected automated vehicles(CAVs)serve as a promising enabler for future intelligent transportation systems because of their capabilities in improving traffic efficiency and driving safety,and reducing fuel consumption and vehicle emissions.A fundamental issue in CAVs is platooning control that empowers a convoy of CAVs to be cooperatively maneuvered with desired longitudinal spacings and identical velocities on roads.This paper addresses the issue of resilient and safe platooning control of CAVs subject to intermittent denial-of-service(DoS)attacks that disrupt vehicle-to-vehicle communications.First,a heterogeneous and uncertain vehicle longitudinal dynamic model is presented to accommodate a variety of uncertainties,including diverse vehicle masses and engine inertial delays,unknown and nonlinear resistance forces,and a dynamic platoon leader.Then,a resilient and safe distributed longitudinal platooning control law is constructed with an aim to preserve simultaneous individual vehicle stability,attack resilience,platoon safety and scalability.Furthermore,a numerically efficient offline design algorithm for determining the desired platoon control law is developed,under which the platoon resilience against DoS attacks can be maximized but the anticipated stability,safety and scalability requirements remain preserved.Finally,extensive numerical experiments are provided to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed platooning method.展开更多
In this paper,a new distributed consensus tracking protocol incorporating local disturbance rejection is devised for a multi-agent system with heterogeneous dynamic uncertainties and disturbances over a directed graph...In this paper,a new distributed consensus tracking protocol incorporating local disturbance rejection is devised for a multi-agent system with heterogeneous dynamic uncertainties and disturbances over a directed graph.It is of two-degree-of-freedom nature.Specifically,a robust distributed controller is designed for consensus tracking,while a local disturbance estimator is designed for each agent without requiring the input channel information of disturbances.The condition for asymptotic disturbance rejection is derived.Moreover,even when the disturbance model is not exactly known,the developed method also provides good disturbance-rejection performance.Then,a robust stabilization condition with less conservativeness is derived for the whole multi-agent system.Further,a design algorithm is given.Finally,comparisons with the conventional one-degree-of-freedombased distributed disturbance-rejection method for mismatched disturbances and the distributed extended-state observer for matched disturbances validate the developed method.展开更多
This work conducts robust H^(∞)analysis for a class of quantum systems subject to perturbations in the interaction Hamiltonian.A necessary and sufficient condition for the robustly strict bounded real property of thi...This work conducts robust H^(∞)analysis for a class of quantum systems subject to perturbations in the interaction Hamiltonian.A necessary and sufficient condition for the robustly strict bounded real property of this type of uncertain quantum system is proposed.This paper focuses on the study of coherent robust H^(∞)controller design for quantum systems with uncertainties in the interaction Hamiltonian.The desired controller is connected with the uncertain quantum system through direct and indirect couplings.A necessary and sufficient condition is provided to build a connection between the robust H^(∞)control problem and the scaled H^(∞)control problem.A numerical procedure is provided to obtain coefficients of a coherent controller.An example is presented to illustrate the controller design method.展开更多
Wide bandgap(WBG)semiconductors,such as silicon carbide(SiC)and gallium nitride(GaN),exhibit superior physical properties and demonstrate great potential for replacing conventional silicon(Si)semiconductors with WBG t...Wide bandgap(WBG)semiconductors,such as silicon carbide(SiC)and gallium nitride(GaN),exhibit superior physical properties and demonstrate great potential for replacing conventional silicon(Si)semiconductors with WBG technology,pushing the boundaries of power devices to handle higher blocking voltages,switching frequencies,output power levels,and operating temperatures.However,tradeoffs in switching performance and converter efficiency when substituting GaN devices for Si and SiC counterparts are not well-defined,especially in a cascode configuration.Additional research with further detailed investigation and analysis is necessitated for medium-voltage GaN devices in power converter applications.Therefore,the aim of this research is to experimentally investigate the impact of emerging 650/900 V cascode GaN devices on bidirectional dc-dc converters that are suitable for energy storage and distributed renewable energy systems.Dynamic characteristics of Si,SiC,and cascode GaN power devices are examined through the double-pulse test(DPT)circuit at different gate resistance values,device currents,and DC bus voltages.Furthermore,the switching behavior and energy loss as well as the rate of voltage and current changes over the time are studied and analyzed at various operating conditions.A 500 W experimental converter prototype is implemented to validate the benefits of cascode GaN devices on the converter operation and performance.Comprehensive analysis of the power losses and efficiency improvements for Si-based,SiC-based,and GaN-based converters are performed and evaluated as the switching frequency,working temperature,and output power level are in-creased.The experimental results reveal significant improvements in switching performance and energy efficiency from the emerging cascode GaN devices in the bidirectional converters.展开更多
High-speed motor has the characteristics of high frequency,high temperature,and more stress,resulting in the field distribution inside the motor being complicated.To better study the electromagnetic characteristics of...High-speed motor has the characteristics of high frequency,high temperature,and more stress,resulting in the field distribution inside the motor being complicated.To better study the electromagnetic characteristics of silicon steel sheet for high-speed motor.In this article,a study on the calculation model of silicon sheet electromagnetic characteristics considers the effects of electromagnetic,stress,and temperature factors.The study is divided into two parts,one is to propose the calculation model of silicon steel sheet’s permeability;the other is to improve the calculation model of silicon steel sheet’s loss.Then,the magnetic field,stress field,and temperature field of a surface mount high speed permanent magnet motor(SMHSPMSM)are analyzed by finite element method(FEM),and the results under the consideration of magnetic,stress,and temperature factors are brought into the calculation model for calculation.Finally,the accuracy of the calculation model for electromagnetic characteristics of silicon steel sheet is verified by comparing the calculated results with the finite element results.展开更多
AUTOMATION has come a long way since the early days of mechanization,i.e.,the process of working exclusively by hand or using animals to work with machinery.The rise of steam engines and water wheels represented the f...AUTOMATION has come a long way since the early days of mechanization,i.e.,the process of working exclusively by hand or using animals to work with machinery.The rise of steam engines and water wheels represented the first generation of industry,which is now called Industry Citation:L.Vlacic,H.Huang,M.Dotoli,Y.Wang,P.Ioanno,L.Fan,X.Wang,R.Carli,C.Lv,L.Li,X.Na,Q.-L.Han,and F.-Y.Wang,“Automation 5.0:The key to systems intelligence and Industry 5.0,”IEEE/CAA J.Autom.Sinica,vol.11,no.8,pp.1723-1727,Aug.2024.展开更多
Fusion is an ideal clean energy for human being utilized in the future. Much more significant research progress for such new energy exploited in a limited finite space of the high temperature plasma flow constrained b...Fusion is an ideal clean energy for human being utilized in the future. Much more significant research progress for such new energy exploited in a limited finite space of the high temperature plasma flow constrained by strong magnetic fields of superconducting magnets has been achieved on Tokamak research, which comes to a new era with the international joint efforts from China, Europe, India, Japan, Korea, Russia and United States for building the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER). The plasma chamber and magnets are key components of a fusion power reactor system.展开更多
This paper reports a wind-powered water pumping system implemented in rural side of Pakistan. The design methodology presented in this paper shah enhance the efficiency of the existing Savonius turbine＇s performance ...This paper reports a wind-powered water pumping system implemented in rural side of Pakistan. The design methodology presented in this paper shah enhance the efficiency of the existing Savonius turbine＇s performance by modifying it aerodynamically. Blades with different twist angles are designed in Solid Edge and analyzed using computational fluid dynamics （CFD） with ANSYS FLUENT software. Static and rotational analyses are performed to get optimized twist angle and results are highlighted. The performances of the turbine in both static and rotational analyses are compared.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter addresses the resilient distributed cooperative control problem of a virtually coupled train convoy under stochastic disturbances and cyber attacks.The main purpose is to achieve distributed co...Dear Editor,This letter addresses the resilient distributed cooperative control problem of a virtually coupled train convoy under stochastic disturbances and cyber attacks.The main purpose is to achieve distributed coordination of virtually coupled high-speed trains with the prescribed inter-train distance and same cruise velocity.展开更多
Solar insecticidal lamps(SIL) can effectively control pests and reduce the use of pesticides. Combining SIL and Internet of Things(IoT) has formed a new type of agricultural IoT,known as SIL-IoT, which can improve the...Solar insecticidal lamps(SIL) can effectively control pests and reduce the use of pesticides. Combining SIL and Internet of Things(IoT) has formed a new type of agricultural IoT,known as SIL-IoT, which can improve the effectiveness of migratory phototropic pest control. However, since the SIL is connected to the Internet, it is vulnerable to various security issues.These issues can lead to serious consequences, such as tampering with the parameters of SIL, illegally starting and stopping SIL,etc. In this paper, we describe the overall security requirements of SIL-IoT and present an extensive survey of security and privacy solutions for SIL-IoT. We investigate the background and logical architecture of SIL-IoT, discuss SIL-IoT security scenarios, and analyze potential attacks. Starting from the security requirements of SIL-IoT we divide them into six categories, namely privacy, authentication, confidentiality, access control, availability,and integrity. Next, we describe the SIL-IoT privacy and security solutions, as well as the blockchain-based solutions. Based on the current survey, we finally discuss the challenges and future research directions of SIL-IoT.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents an improved repetitive controller(IRC) that uses a complex-coefficient filter to enhance the tracking performance of a system for periodic signals. Compared with the low-pass filter us...Dear Editor,This letter presents an improved repetitive controller(IRC) that uses a complex-coefficient filter to enhance the tracking performance of a system for periodic signals. Compared with the low-pass filter used in the conventional repetitive controller(CRC), the complex-coefficient filter causes less change in the phase and amplitude of a signal at the frequencies of the periodic signal, especially at the fundamental frequency, when the two filters have the same cutofffrequency.展开更多
In high-risk industrial environments like nuclear power plants,precise defect identification and localization are essential for maintaining production stability and safety.However,the complexity of such a harsh enviro...In high-risk industrial environments like nuclear power plants,precise defect identification and localization are essential for maintaining production stability and safety.However,the complexity of such a harsh environment leads to significant variations in the shape and size of the defects.To address this challenge,we propose the multivariate time series segmentation network(MSSN),which adopts a multiscale convolutional network with multi-stage and depth-separable convolutions for efficient feature extraction through variable-length templates.To tackle the classification difficulty caused by structural signal variance,MSSN employs logarithmic normalization to adjust instance distributions.Furthermore,it integrates classification with smoothing loss functions to accurately identify defect segments amid similar structural and defect signal subsequences.Our algorithm evaluated on both the Mackey-Glass dataset and industrial dataset achieves over 95%localization and demonstrates the capture capability on the synthetic dataset.In a nuclear plant's heat transfer tube dataset,it captures 90%of defect instances with75%middle localization F1 score.展开更多
The regulation of signal transmission speed is one of the most important capabilities of the biological nervous system.This study explores the mechanisms and methods for regulating signal transmission speed among nonm...The regulation of signal transmission speed is one of the most important capabilities of the biological nervous system.This study explores the mechanisms and methods for regulating signal transmission speed among nonmyelinated neurons within the same brain region,starting from spike-timing-dependent plasticity(STDP)of synapses.Building upon the Hodgkin-Huxley model,the dynamic behavior of synapses is incorporated,and the adaptive growth neuron(AGN)model is proposed.Artificial synaptic structures and neuronal physical nodes are also designed.The artificial synaptic structure exhibits unidirectionality,memory capacity,and STDP,enabling it to connect neuronal physical nodes through branching and merging structures.Furthermore,the artificial synapse can adjust signal transmission speed,regulate functional competition between different regions of the neuromorphic network,and promote information interaction.The findings of this study endow neuromorphic networks with the ability to regulate signal transmission speed over the long term,providing new insights into the development of neuromorphic networks.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Research Start-Up Fund for Talent Researcher of Nanjing Agricultural University(77H0603)。
文摘The speed and pace of the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2;also referred to as novel Coronavirus 2019 and COVID-19)have resulted in a global pandemic,with significant health,financial,political,and other implications.There have been various attempts to manage COVID-19 and other pandemics using technologies such as Internet of Things(IoT)and 5G/6G communications.However,we also need to ensure that IoT devices used to facilitate COVID-19 monitoring and treatment(e.g.,medical IoT devices)are secured,as the compromise of such devices can have significant consequences(e.g.,life-threatening risks to COVID-19 patients).Hence,in this paper we comprehensively survey existing IoT-related solutions,potential security and privacy risks and their requirements.For example,we classify existing security and privacy solutions into five categories,namely:authentication and access control solutions,key management and cryptography solutions,blockchain-based solutions,intrusion detection systems,and privacy-preserving solutions.In each category,we identify the associated challenges.We also identify a number of recommendations to inform future research.
基金supported in part by the Young Scientists Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(62203408)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2015CFA010)+1 种基金the 111 Project(B17040)China Scholarship Council(202206410070).
文摘The complex nonlinear characteristics of pneumatic soft actuators,such as asymmetric hysteresis,rate-dependence,and mechanical load-dependence,pose a challenge in accurately modeling their dynamics.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a comprehensive dynamic model aimed at describing bidirectional asymmetric hysteresis,rate-dependent,and mechanical load-dependent characteristics of a vertical pneumatic bellows actuator(PBA)system.The dynamic model contains a hysteresis submodel and a load-dependent dynamic submodel.The hysteresis submodel consists of several sets of weighted double-side play(DSP)and weighted dead-zone(DZ)operators connected in series,and it is used to model the bidirectional asymmetric hysteresis of the system.The load-dependent dynamic submodel is built based on the gated recurrent unit(GRU)neural network,and it is used to fit the nonlinear relationship between the displacement of the system and the frequency of the input air pressure as well as the mechanical load.The model parameters of the hysteresis submodel and the loaddependent dynamic submodel are determined by intelligent optimization method and neural network training method,reseparately.The fitness value(FV)between the output of the dynamic model and the experimental data is calculated to be 96.1736%,demonstrating that the parameters of the dynamic model are valid.We conduct six set of experiments to compare the model output with the experimental data,and calculate the root-meansquare errors and the maximum error,respectively.The experimental results show that,the root-mean-square error remains consistently below 2.7700%,while the maximum error remains below 8.4000%across all experiments,thereby substantiating the validity and generality of the proposed model.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62473103,62203169,62473121)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(ZJ2023011).
文摘Adaptive graph neural networks(AGNNs)have achieved remarkable success in industrial process soft sensing by incorporating explicit features that delineate the relationships between process variables.This article introduces a novel GNN framework,termed entropy-regularized ensemble adaptive graph(E^(2)AG),aimed at enhancing the predictive accuracy of AGNNs.Specifically,this work pioneers a novel AGNN learning approach based on mirror descent,which is central to ensuring the efficiency of the training procedure and consequently guarantees that the learned graph naturally adheres to the row-normalization requirement intrinsic to the message-passing of GNNs.Subsequently,motivated by multi-head self-attention mechanism,the training of ensembled AGNNs is rigorously examined within this framework,incorporating an entropy regularization term in the learning objective to ensure the diversity of the learned graph.After that,the architecture and training algorithm of the model are then concisely summarized.Finally,to ascertain the efficacy of the proposed E^(2)AG model,extensive experiments are conducted on real-world industrial datasets.The evaluation focuses on prediction accuracy,model efficacy,and sensitivity analysis,demonstrating the superiority of E^(2)AG in industrial soft sensing applications.
基金supported in part by Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DE210100273)。
文摘Connected automated vehicles(CAVs)serve as a promising enabler for future intelligent transportation systems because of their capabilities in improving traffic efficiency and driving safety,and reducing fuel consumption and vehicle emissions.A fundamental issue in CAVs is platooning control that empowers a convoy of CAVs to be cooperatively maneuvered with desired longitudinal spacings and identical velocities on roads.This paper addresses the issue of resilient and safe platooning control of CAVs subject to intermittent denial-of-service(DoS)attacks that disrupt vehicle-to-vehicle communications.First,a heterogeneous and uncertain vehicle longitudinal dynamic model is presented to accommodate a variety of uncertainties,including diverse vehicle masses and engine inertial delays,unknown and nonlinear resistance forces,and a dynamic platoon leader.Then,a resilient and safe distributed longitudinal platooning control law is constructed with an aim to preserve simultaneous individual vehicle stability,attack resilience,platoon safety and scalability.Furthermore,a numerically efficient offline design algorithm for determining the desired platoon control law is developed,under which the platoon resilience against DoS attacks can be maximized but the anticipated stability,safety and scalability requirements remain preserved.Finally,extensive numerical experiments are provided to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed platooning method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62003010,61873006,61673053)the Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation(Q6041001202001)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of Chaoyang District(Q1041001202101)the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFC1602704,2018YFB1702704)。
文摘In this paper,a new distributed consensus tracking protocol incorporating local disturbance rejection is devised for a multi-agent system with heterogeneous dynamic uncertainties and disturbances over a directed graph.It is of two-degree-of-freedom nature.Specifically,a robust distributed controller is designed for consensus tracking,while a local disturbance estimator is designed for each agent without requiring the input channel information of disturbances.The condition for asymptotic disturbance rejection is derived.Moreover,even when the disturbance model is not exactly known,the developed method also provides good disturbance-rejection performance.Then,a robust stabilization condition with less conservativeness is derived for the whole multi-agent system.Further,a design algorithm is given.Finally,comparisons with the conventional one-degree-of-freedombased distributed disturbance-rejection method for mismatched disturbances and the distributed extended-state observer for matched disturbances validate the developed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61803132,61828303,61803389)the U.S.Office of Naval Research Global(N62909-19-1-2129)the Australian Research’s Discovery Projects Funding Scheme under Project DP190101566。
文摘This work conducts robust H^(∞)analysis for a class of quantum systems subject to perturbations in the interaction Hamiltonian.A necessary and sufficient condition for the robustly strict bounded real property of this type of uncertain quantum system is proposed.This paper focuses on the study of coherent robust H^(∞)controller design for quantum systems with uncertainties in the interaction Hamiltonian.The desired controller is connected with the uncertain quantum system through direct and indirect couplings.A necessary and sufficient condition is provided to build a connection between the robust H^(∞)control problem and the scaled H^(∞)control problem.A numerical procedure is provided to obtain coefficients of a coherent controller.An example is presented to illustrate the controller design method.
文摘Wide bandgap(WBG)semiconductors,such as silicon carbide(SiC)and gallium nitride(GaN),exhibit superior physical properties and demonstrate great potential for replacing conventional silicon(Si)semiconductors with WBG technology,pushing the boundaries of power devices to handle higher blocking voltages,switching frequencies,output power levels,and operating temperatures.However,tradeoffs in switching performance and converter efficiency when substituting GaN devices for Si and SiC counterparts are not well-defined,especially in a cascode configuration.Additional research with further detailed investigation and analysis is necessitated for medium-voltage GaN devices in power converter applications.Therefore,the aim of this research is to experimentally investigate the impact of emerging 650/900 V cascode GaN devices on bidirectional dc-dc converters that are suitable for energy storage and distributed renewable energy systems.Dynamic characteristics of Si,SiC,and cascode GaN power devices are examined through the double-pulse test(DPT)circuit at different gate resistance values,device currents,and DC bus voltages.Furthermore,the switching behavior and energy loss as well as the rate of voltage and current changes over the time are studied and analyzed at various operating conditions.A 500 W experimental converter prototype is implemented to validate the benefits of cascode GaN devices on the converter operation and performance.Comprehensive analysis of the power losses and efficiency improvements for Si-based,SiC-based,and GaN-based converters are performed and evaluated as the switching frequency,working temperature,and output power level are in-creased.The experimental results reveal significant improvements in switching performance and energy efficiency from the emerging cascode GaN devices in the bidirectional converters.
基金the Key International Cooperation of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51920105011Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Programthe Natural Science Foundation of LiaoNing Province under Grant 2021-YQ-09。
文摘High-speed motor has the characteristics of high frequency,high temperature,and more stress,resulting in the field distribution inside the motor being complicated.To better study the electromagnetic characteristics of silicon steel sheet for high-speed motor.In this article,a study on the calculation model of silicon sheet electromagnetic characteristics considers the effects of electromagnetic,stress,and temperature factors.The study is divided into two parts,one is to propose the calculation model of silicon steel sheet’s permeability;the other is to improve the calculation model of silicon steel sheet’s loss.Then,the magnetic field,stress field,and temperature field of a surface mount high speed permanent magnet motor(SMHSPMSM)are analyzed by finite element method(FEM),and the results under the consideration of magnetic,stress,and temperature factors are brought into the calculation model for calculation.Finally,the accuracy of the calculation model for electromagnetic characteristics of silicon steel sheet is verified by comparing the calculated results with the finite element results.
基金supported in part by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University via the project P0038447The Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0093/2023/RIA2)The Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0145/2023/RIA3).
文摘AUTOMATION has come a long way since the early days of mechanization,i.e.,the process of working exclusively by hand or using animals to work with machinery.The rise of steam engines and water wheels represented the first generation of industry,which is now called Industry Citation:L.Vlacic,H.Huang,M.Dotoli,Y.Wang,P.Ioanno,L.Fan,X.Wang,R.Carli,C.Lv,L.Li,X.Na,Q.-L.Han,and F.-Y.Wang,“Automation 5.0:The key to systems intelligence and Industry 5.0,”IEEE/CAA J.Autom.Sinica,vol.11,no.8,pp.1723-1727,Aug.2024.
文摘Fusion is an ideal clean energy for human being utilized in the future. Much more significant research progress for such new energy exploited in a limited finite space of the high temperature plasma flow constrained by strong magnetic fields of superconducting magnets has been achieved on Tokamak research, which comes to a new era with the international joint efforts from China, Europe, India, Japan, Korea, Russia and United States for building the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER). The plasma chamber and magnets are key components of a fusion power reactor system.
文摘This paper reports a wind-powered water pumping system implemented in rural side of Pakistan. The design methodology presented in this paper shah enhance the efficiency of the existing Savonius turbine＇s performance by modifying it aerodynamically. Blades with different twist angles are designed in Solid Edge and analyzed using computational fluid dynamics （CFD） with ANSYS FLUENT software. Static and rotational analyses are performed to get optimized twist angle and results are highlighted. The performances of the turbine in both static and rotational analyses are compared.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62303240)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20230356)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research Start-Up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NY222033)the Natural Science Foundation for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(22KJB120001)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter addresses the resilient distributed cooperative control problem of a virtually coupled train convoy under stochastic disturbances and cyber attacks.The main purpose is to achieve distributed coordination of virtually coupled high-speed trains with the prescribed inter-train distance and same cruise velocity.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62072248, 62072247)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund (CX(21)3060)。
文摘Solar insecticidal lamps(SIL) can effectively control pests and reduce the use of pesticides. Combining SIL and Internet of Things(IoT) has formed a new type of agricultural IoT,known as SIL-IoT, which can improve the effectiveness of migratory phototropic pest control. However, since the SIL is connected to the Internet, it is vulnerable to various security issues.These issues can lead to serious consequences, such as tampering with the parameters of SIL, illegally starting and stopping SIL,etc. In this paper, we describe the overall security requirements of SIL-IoT and present an extensive survey of security and privacy solutions for SIL-IoT. We investigate the background and logical architecture of SIL-IoT, discuss SIL-IoT security scenarios, and analyze potential attacks. Starting from the security requirements of SIL-IoT we divide them into six categories, namely privacy, authentication, confidentiality, access control, availability,and integrity. Next, we describe the SIL-IoT privacy and security solutions, as well as the blockchain-based solutions. Based on the current survey, we finally discuss the challenges and future research directions of SIL-IoT.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61873348,6230 3266,62273200)JSPS(Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) KAKENHI(22H03998,23K25252)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents an improved repetitive controller(IRC) that uses a complex-coefficient filter to enhance the tracking performance of a system for periodic signals. Compared with the low-pass filter used in the conventional repetitive controller(CRC), the complex-coefficient filter causes less change in the phase and amplitude of a signal at the frequencies of the periodic signal, especially at the fundamental frequency, when the two filters have the same cutofffrequency.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2024ZD0608100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62332017,U22A2022)
文摘In high-risk industrial environments like nuclear power plants,precise defect identification and localization are essential for maintaining production stability and safety.However,the complexity of such a harsh environment leads to significant variations in the shape and size of the defects.To address this challenge,we propose the multivariate time series segmentation network(MSSN),which adopts a multiscale convolutional network with multi-stage and depth-separable convolutions for efficient feature extraction through variable-length templates.To tackle the classification difficulty caused by structural signal variance,MSSN employs logarithmic normalization to adjust instance distributions.Furthermore,it integrates classification with smoothing loss functions to accurately identify defect segments amid similar structural and defect signal subsequences.Our algorithm evaluated on both the Mackey-Glass dataset and industrial dataset achieves over 95%localization and demonstrates the capture capability on the synthetic dataset.In a nuclear plant's heat transfer tube dataset,it captures 90%of defect instances with75%middle localization F1 score.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62171182)the Natural Scienceof Hunan Province(Grant No.2025JJ50345)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.CX20240452)。
文摘The regulation of signal transmission speed is one of the most important capabilities of the biological nervous system.This study explores the mechanisms and methods for regulating signal transmission speed among nonmyelinated neurons within the same brain region,starting from spike-timing-dependent plasticity(STDP)of synapses.Building upon the Hodgkin-Huxley model,the dynamic behavior of synapses is incorporated,and the adaptive growth neuron(AGN)model is proposed.Artificial synaptic structures and neuronal physical nodes are also designed.The artificial synaptic structure exhibits unidirectionality,memory capacity,and STDP,enabling it to connect neuronal physical nodes through branching and merging structures.Furthermore,the artificial synapse can adjust signal transmission speed,regulate functional competition between different regions of the neuromorphic network,and promote information interaction.The findings of this study endow neuromorphic networks with the ability to regulate signal transmission speed over the long term,providing new insights into the development of neuromorphic networks.
