Measurements of the thermal deformations of frozen soil samples were performed in the cold laboratory in temperature range from 0°C to-12°C.Fiber Bragg Gratings strain and temperature sensors were used to me...Measurements of the thermal deformations of frozen soil samples were performed in the cold laboratory in temperature range from 0°C to-12°C.Fiber Bragg Gratings strain and temperature sensors were used to measure the deformation and temperature inside the samples.A number of tests with the samples prepared from Kaolin and Cambrian clay saturated with fresh water,and prepared from fine and silt sand saturated with fresh or saline water,are performed.Thermal deformations of the samples are analyzed depending on the cyclic changes of their temperature.展开更多
The death of osteoblasts induced by glucocorticoid(GC)-mediated oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head(SIONFH).Improving bone formation driven by ...The death of osteoblasts induced by glucocorticoid(GC)-mediated oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head(SIONFH).Improving bone formation driven by osteoblasts has shown promising outcomes in the prognosis of SIONFH.Isovitexin has demonstrated antioxidant properties,but its therapeutic effects on GC-induced oxidative stress and SIONFH remain unexplored.In this study,we analyzed clinical samples obtained from SIONFH patients using proteomic and bioinformatic approaches.展开更多
Driven by the global model,Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 1.1(BCC_CSM1.1),climate change over China in the 21st century is simulated by a regional climate model(RegCM4.0)under the new emission sce...Driven by the global model,Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 1.1(BCC_CSM1.1),climate change over China in the 21st century is simulated by a regional climate model(RegCM4.0)under the new emission scenarios of the Representative Concentration Pathways—RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.This is based on a period of transient simulations from 1950 to2099,with a grid spacing of 50 km.The present paper focuses on the annual mean temperature and precipitation in China over this period,with emphasis on their future changes.Validation of model performance reveals marked improvement of the RegCM4.0 model in reproducing present day temperature and precipitation relative to the driving BCC_CSM1.1 model.Significant warming is simulated by both BCC_CSM1.1 and RegCM4.0,however,spatial distribution and magnitude differ between the simulations.The high emission scenario RCP8.5 results in greater warming compared to RCP4.5.The two models project different precipitation changes,characterized by a general increase in the BCC_CSM1.1,and broader areas with decrease in the RegCM4.0 simulations.展开更多
The link between chronic inflammation and colorectal cancer has been well established. The events proceeding along tumorigenesis are complicated and involve cells activated at the cancer microenvironment, tumor infilt...The link between chronic inflammation and colorectal cancer has been well established. The events proceeding along tumorigenesis are complicated and involve cells activated at the cancer microenvironment, tumor infiltrating polymorphonuclears, immune cells including lymphocyte subtypes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC), as well as tumor-associated macrophages. The immune cells generate inflammatory cytokines, several of them playing a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Additional factors, such as gene expression regulated by cytokines, assembling of tumor growth- and transforming factors, accelerated angiogenesis, delayed apoptosis, contribute all to initiation, development and migration of tumor cells. Oxygen radical species originating from the inflammatory area promote cell mutation and cancer proliferation. Tumor cells may over-express pro-inflammatory mediators that in turn activate immune cells for inflammatory cytokines production. Consequently, an immune dialogue emerges between immune and cancer cells orchestrated through a number of activated molecular pathways. Cytokines, encompassing migration inhibitory factor, transforming growth factor beta 1, tumor necrosisfactor-α, Interleukin(IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 have been reported to be involved in human cancer development. Some cytokines, namely IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-22 and growth factors promote tumor development and metastasis, and inhibit apoptosis via activation of signal transducer activator transcription-3 transcription factor. Colon cancer environment comprises mesenchymal, endothelial and immune cells. Assessment of the interaction between components in the tumor environment and malignant cells requires a reconsideration of a few topics elucidating the role of chronic inflammation in carcinogenesis, the function of the immune cells expressed by inflammatory cytokine production, the immunomodulation of cancer cells and the existence of a cross-talk between immune and malignant cells leading to a balance in cytokine production. It is conceivable that the prevalence of anti-inflammatory cytokine production by PBMC in the affected colonic mucosa will contribute to the delay, or even to halt down malignant expansion. Targeting the interplay between immune and cancer cells by mediators capable to alter cytokine secretion toward increased anti-inflammatory cytokine release by PBMC and tumor associated macrophages, may serve as an additional strategy for treatment of malignant diseases. This review will focus on the inflammatory events preceding tumorigenesis in general, and on a number of modulators capable to affect colon cancer cell-induced production of inflammatory cytokines by PBMC through alteration of the immune crosstalk between PBMC and cancer cells.展开更多
Having studied the biomarker composition and maturity of dissolved hydrocarbons from Ordovician formation waters, the authors presented molecular geochemical evidence for the controversial origin of natural gases in c...Having studied the biomarker composition and maturity of dissolved hydrocarbons from Ordovician formation waters, the authors presented molecular geochemical evidence for the controversial origin of natural gases in central Ordos Basin.The dissolved hydrocarbons in Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 are relatively high in abundance of tricylic terpane, pregnane series and dibenzothiophene series and low in Pr/Ph and hopane/sterane ratios, indicating the source input of marine carbonates. In contrast, the dissolved hydrocarbons in Well Shan 81 are free from tricyclic terpane and pregnane series, with trace dibenzothiophene series and high Pr/Ph and higher hopane/sterane ratios, which are the typical features of terrestrial organic matter. Furthermore, Well Shan 37 and Well Shan 34 are between the two situations, having a mixed source of marine carbonate and terrestrial organic matter. The maturity of biomarkers also supports the above suggestions. These results are consistent with the geological background and source rock distribution in this region.展开更多
ChatG PT,an artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) model developed by OpenAI,has attracted worldwide attention for its capability of dealing with challenging language understanding and generation tasks in th...ChatG PT,an artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) model developed by OpenAI,has attracted worldwide attention for its capability of dealing with challenging language understanding and generation tasks in the form of conversations.This paper briefly provides an overview on the history,status quo and potential future development of ChatGPT,helping to provide an entry point to think about ChatGPT.Specifically,from the limited open-accessed resources,we conclude the core techniques of ChatGPT,mainly including large-scale language models,in-context learning,reinforcement learning from human feedback and the key technical steps for developing ChatGPT.We further analyze the pros and cons of ChatGPT and we rethink the duality of ChatGPT in various fields.Although it has been widely acknowledged that ChatGPT brings plenty of opportunities for various fields,mankind should still treat and use ChatG PT properly to avoid the potential threat,e.g.,academic integrity and safety challenge.Finally,we discuss several open problems as the potential development of ChatGPT.展开更多
lntracellular redox homeostasis plays a critical role in determining tumor cells＇ sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis. Here we investigated the role of thioredoxin-1 （TRX1）, a key component of redox regulation, i...lntracellular redox homeostasis plays a critical role in determining tumor cells＇ sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis. Here we investigated the role of thioredoxin-1 （TRX1）, a key component of redox regulation, in arsenic trioxide （AS2O3）-induced apoptosis. Over-expression of wild-type TRX1 in HepG2 cells led to the inhibition of As2O3-induced cytochrome c （cyto c） release, caspase activation and apoptosis, and down-regulation of TRX1 expression by RNAi sensitized HepG2 cells to As2O3-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, mutation of the active site of TRX1 from Cys^32/35 to Ser^32/35 converted this molecule from an apoptotic protector to an apoptotic promoter. In an effort to understand the mechanisms of this conversion, we used isolated mitochondria from mouse liver and found that recombinant wild-type TRX1 could protect mitochondria from the apoptotic changes. In contrast, the mutant form of TRX1 alone elicited mitochondria-related apoptotic changes, including the mitochondrial permeability transition pore （mPTP） opening, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cyto c release from mitochondria. These apoptotic effects were inhibited by cyclosporine A （CsA）, indicating that mutant TRX1 targeted to mPTP. Alteration of TRX1 from its reduced form to oxidized form in vivo by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB）, a specific inhibitor ofTRX reductase, also sensitized HepG2 cells to As203-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that TRX1 plays a central role in regulating apoptosis by blocking cyto c release, and inactivation of TRX1 by either mutation or oxidization of the active site cysteines may sensitize tumor cells to As2O3-induced apoptosis.展开更多
The interaction between a two-level atom and a single-mode field in the k-photon Jaynes-Cummings model （JCM） in the presence of the Stark shift and a Kerr medium is studied. All terms in the Hamiltonian, such as the...The interaction between a two-level atom and a single-mode field in the k-photon Jaynes-Cummings model （JCM） in the presence of the Stark shift and a Kerr medium is studied. All terms in the Hamiltonian, such as the single-mode field, its interaction with the atom, the contribution of the Stark shift and the Kerr medium effects are considered to be f-deformed. In particular, the effect of the initial state of the radiation field on the dynamical evolution of some physical properties such as atomic inversion and entropy squeezing are investigated by considering different initial field states （coherent, squeezed and thermal states）.展开更多
In this paper, the changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over the next 20-30 years (2021-2050) in relative to the present day (1986-2005) under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special ...In this paper, the changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over the next 20-30 years (2021-2050) in relative to the present day (1986-2005) under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario are analyzed based on a high-resolution climate change simulation performed by a regional climate model (the Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) RegCM3). The extreme indices of summer days (SU), frost days (FD), and growing season length (GSL) for temperature and simple daily intensity index (SDII), number of days with precipitation ≥10 mm d-1 (R10), and consecutive dry days (CDD) for precipitation are used as the indicators of the extremes. The results show that the indices simulated by RegCM3 in the present day show good agreement with the observed. A general increase in SU, a decrease in FD, and an increase in GSL are found to occur in the next 20-30 years over China. A general increase in SDII, an increase in R10 over western China, and a decrease in R10 in north, northeast, and central China are simulated by the model. Changes in CDD are characterized by a decrease in the north and an increase in the south and the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
Isotachophoresis results indicate that the total concentrations of organic acids in Ordovician formation waters range from 9.17 mg/L to 94.49 mg/L and are obviously higher than those of Permo-Carboniferous formation w...Isotachophoresis results indicate that the total concentrations of organic acids in Ordovician formation waters range from 9.17 mg/L to 94.49 mg/L and are obviously higher than those of Permo-Carboniferous formation waters. But both of them have the same compositional characteristics, i.e., acetic acid >>formic acid >propanoic acid >butanoic acid. The total alkyl phenol contents of Ordovician formation waters range from {0.57} mg/L to {4.73} mg/L, averaging {1.77} mg/L. Among the samples for phenol detection, {47.06%} samples contain less than {1.0 mg/L}, {35.29%} samples {1.0}-{3.0} mg/L, and only {17.65%} samples more than {3.0 mg/L} alkyl phenol.The concentrations of organic acids and alkyl phenols in the Majiagou formation waters are of obviously heterogeneous distribution. There are several areas where the concentrations of organic acids and phenols are high in central Ordos Basin. These organic acid- and phenol-high areas (organic acids {>45} mg/L and phenols {>2.0 mg/L}) are consistent with natural gas reservoir enriched areas in central Ordos Basin.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of the total saponin of Dipsacus asperoides (tSDA) and ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) on the apoptosis of primary cultured hippocampal neurons induced by β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Methods...Objective To investigate the effects of the total saponin of Dipsacus asperoides (tSDA) and ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) on the apoptosis of primary cultured hippocampal neurons induced by β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Methods Primary cultured hippocampal neurons, the cultures were pretreated with tSDA and GRb1 on 10d for 24 hours respectively. Then the cultures were treated with 35 μmol·L -1 Aβ25-35 for 24 hours, observed the changing of survival rate of neurons and the apoptosis of neurons with biochemical analysis combining immunofluorescent cytochemical double-staining technique. Results Hippocampal neurons were treated with 35 μmol·L -1 Aβ for 24 hours, and survival rate of neurons downed to 52.6%. When neurons were pretreated by tSDA and GRb1, survival rate of neurons increased 11% to 15%. The findings of immunofluorescent cytochemical double-staining indicated that apoptotic neurons were obviously more than that of the blank group, reaching 43.9%.When neurons were pretreated by tSDA and GRb1, apoptotic neurons were downed to 16.6%, 10.8% respectively. Conclusion tSDA had the same effects as GRb1, protecting the neurons, antagonizing neurotoxicity of Aβ, increasing survival rate of neurons, and reducing apoptotic neurons induced by Aβ.展开更多
Shuidonggou site has abundant Paleolithic remains of Late Pleistocene deposition. Studying the evolution of depositional environments is essential to the comprehensive understanding of the living conditions of ancient...Shuidonggou site has abundant Paleolithic remains of Late Pleistocene deposition. Studying the evolution of depositional environments is essential to the comprehensive understanding of the living conditions of ancient populations. To reconstruct the depositional environment at Shuidonggou, we carried out archaeological excavations and collected systematic deposition samples at the key position of Shuidonggou Locality 2 for grain size analysis and sporopollen statistics. The environmental evolution around the Shuidonggou site generally underwent four stages at ~72-18 kaBP. During the first stage （~72-41 kaBP）, the river developed with gravel and sand stratums. During the second stage （41-34 kaBP）, a swamp with numerous aquatic plants formed. In the third stage （34-29 kaBP）, site formation was characterized by shallow lake depositional conditions; the climate was relatively warm and humid. The marginal bank depositional conditions deteriorated during the fourth stage （29-18 kaBP）, and the site underwent several dry events; the climate also became drier and colder.展开更多
Melt glasses for seven types of rock ranging from acid to basic were prepared under 1.0 GPa on a multi-anvil pressure apparatus, YJ-3000 ton press. Densities and elastic properties of the melt glasses were compared wi...Melt glasses for seven types of rock ranging from acid to basic were prepared under 1.0 GPa on a multi-anvil pressure apparatus, YJ-3000 ton press. Densities and elastic properties of the melt glasses were compared with those described in previous studies. It was found that the glasses melted under 1.0 GPa were consistent in density with both naturally-occurring glassy rocks and artificially prepared glasses melted at ambient pressure. The densities of glasses are negatively correlated with the SiO2 contents and positively correlated with the (MgO+FeO) contents. The compressive velocity (Vp) of glass tends to increase with decreasing SiO2 contents and increasing (MgO+FeO) contents. The shear velocity (Vs) of glass tends to increase slightly with increasing SiO2 contents, which has little connection with the (MgO+FeO) contents. It was calculated from densities and velocities that the elastic moduli of glasses are negatively correlated with the SiO2 contents and positively correlated with the (MgO+FeO) contents.展开更多
Depression is a major contributor to poor global health and disability,with a recently increasing incidence.Although drug therapy is commonly used to treat depression,conventional antidepressant drugs have several dis...Depression is a major contributor to poor global health and disability,with a recently increasing incidence.Although drug therapy is commonly used to treat depression,conventional antidepressant drugs have several disadvantages,including slow onset,low response rates and severe adverse effects.Therefore,developing effective therapies for depression remains challenging.Although various aetiological theories of depression exist,the underlying mechanisms of depression are complex,and further research is crucial.Moreover,oxidative stress(OS)-induced lipid peroxidation has been demonstrated to trigger ferroptosis.Both OS and ferroptosis are pivotal mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders,and investigation of the mediators involved in these processes has emerged as a prominent and active research direction.One previous study revealed that regulatory proteins involved in ferroptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of depression,and antidepressant drugs could reverse depressive symptoms by inhibiting ferroptosis in vivo,suggesting an important role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of depression.Hence,our current comprehensive review offers an up-to-date perspective on the intricate mechanisms involved,specifically concerning ferroptosis and OS in the context of depression,along with promising prospects for using molecular mediators to target ferroptosis.We delineate the key targets of molecular mediators involved in OS and ferroptosis implicated in depression,most notably reactive oxygen species and iron overload.Considering the pivotal role of OS-induced ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders,delving deeper into the underlying subsequent mechanisms will contribute significantly to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for depression.展开更多
We demonstrate the guiding of neutral atoms with two parallel microfabricated current-carrying wires on the atom chip and a vertical magnetic bias field. The atoms are guided along a magnetic field minimum parallel to...We demonstrate the guiding of neutral atoms with two parallel microfabricated current-carrying wires on the atom chip and a vertical magnetic bias field. The atoms are guided along a magnetic field minimum parallel to the current-carrying wires and confined in the other two directions. We describe in detail how the precooled atoms are efficiently loaded into the two-wire guide. We present a detailed experimental study of the motional properties of the atoms in the guide and the relationship between the location of the guide and the vertical bias field. This two-wire guide with vertical bias field can be used to realize large area atom interferometer.展开更多
The fraction of photosynthetically active radiation （FPAR） is a key variable in the assessment of vegetation productivity and land ecosystem carbon cycles. Based on ground-measured corn hyperspectral reflectance and...The fraction of photosynthetically active radiation （FPAR） is a key variable in the assessment of vegetation productivity and land ecosystem carbon cycles. Based on ground-measured corn hyperspectral reflectance and FPAR data over Northeast China, the correlations between corn-canopy FPAR and hyperspectral reflectance were analyzed, and the FPAR estimation performances using vegetation index （VI） and neural network （NN） methods with different two-band-combination hyperspectral reflectance were investigated. The results indicated that the corn-canopy FPAR retained almost a constant value in an entire day. The negative correlations between FPAR and visible and shortwave infrared reflectance （SWIR） bands are stronger than the positive correlations between FPAR and near-infrared band re- flectance （NIR）. For the six VIs, the normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） and simple ratio （SR） performed best for estimating corn FPAR （the maximum R2 of 0.8849 and 0.8852, respectively）. However, the NN method esti- mated results （the maximum Rz is 0.9417） were obviously better than all of the VIs. For NN method, the two-band combinations showing the best corn FPAR estimation performances were from the NIR and visible bands; for VIs, however, they were from the SWIR and NIR bands. As for both the methods, the SWIR band performed exceptionally well for corn FPAR estimation. This may be attributable to the fact that the reflectance of the SWIR band were strongly controlled by leaf water content, which is a key component of corn photosynthesis and greatly affects the absorption of photosynthetically active radiation （APAR）, and makes further impact on corn-canopy FPAR.展开更多
Loganin(LOG),a bioactive compound derived from Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc,has been understudied in the context of osteoarthritis(OA)treatment.In this study,we induced an inflammatory response in chondrocyte...Loganin(LOG),a bioactive compound derived from Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc,has been understudied in the context of osteoarthritis(OA)treatment.In this study,we induced an inflammatory response in chondrocytes using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and subsequently treated these cells with LOG.We employed fluorescence analysis to quantify reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels and measured the expression of NLRP3 and nuclear factor erythropoietin-2-related factor 2(NRF2)using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence(IF)techniques.Additionally,we developed an OA mouse model by performing medial meniscus destabilization(DMM)surgery and monitored disease progression through micro-com-puted tomography(micro-CT),hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,safranin O and fast green(S&F)staining,and immunohisto-chemical(IHC)analysis.Our results indicate that LOG significantly reduced LPS-induced ROS levels in chondrocytes,inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,and enhanced NRF2/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)signaling.In vivo,LOG treatment mitigated cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation triggered by DMM surgery,decreased NLRP3 expression,and increased NRF2 expres-sion.These findings suggest that LOG has a protective effect against OA,potentially delaying disease progression by inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β axis and activating the NRF2/HO-1 pathway.展开更多
Background Methamphetamine(MA)is one of the most commonly abused illicit psychostimulant drugs and MA use disorder constitutes a universal health concern across the world.Despite many intervention approaches to MA use...Background Methamphetamine(MA)is one of the most commonly abused illicit psychostimulant drugs and MA use disorder constitutes a universal health concern across the world.Despite many intervention approaches to MA use disorder,the indicator of addiction severity is mainly limited to subjective craving score to drug-related cues,which is influenced by many factors such as social approval and self-masking.Aim The present study investigates whether self-reported craving for drug use in response to MA cues is a reliable indicator for addiction severity in MA users,and then tests the validity of the cue-induced attention bias test in addiction severity assessment.Methods Fifty-two male MA users completed the cueinduced craving test and attention bias task,and were required to report clinical characteristics of addiction severity.For the attention bias test,subjects were required to discriminate the letter superimposed onto MA userelated or neutral scenes.The reaction time delay during MA-use condition relative to neutral condition was used as an index of the attention bias.Results The results showed that 24 of the 52 MA users rated non-zero in cue-induced craving test,and they showed a significant attention bias to drug-related pictures.However,the other 28 users who rated zero in cue-induced craving evaluation showed a similar attention bias to drug-related cues.In addition,the attention bias to MA use-related cues was significantly and positively correlated with the clinical indexes of addiction severity,but the relationship was absent between subjective craving evaluation and the indexes of addiction severity.Conclusion These results suggest that attention bias to MA cues may be a more reliable indicator than experiential craving report,especially when subjective craving is measured in the compulsory rehabilitation centre.展开更多
Hexachlorobenzene （HCB） is a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon that was widely used for seed dressing in prevention of fungal growth on crops, and also as a component of fireworks, ammunition, and synthetic rubbers. ...Hexachlorobenzene （HCB） is a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon that was widely used for seed dressing in prevention of fungal growth on crops, and also as a component of fireworks, ammunition, and synthetic rubbers. Because of its resistance to degradation and mobility, HCB is widely distributed throughout the environment and is accumulated through food chains in different ecosystems. In this study, a preliminary investigation was carried out on the bioaccumulation and the toxic effects of HCB in the microbial （protozoan in particular） communities in the Fuhe River, Wuhan, a water body receiving industrial wastewaters containing HCB and other pollutants, using the standardized polyurethane foam units （PFU） method. Field samples were taken from eight stations established along the Fuhe River in January and August 2006. The concentration ratios of HCB in microbial communities and in water were 9.66-18.64, and the microbial communities accumulated 13.29-56.88 μg/L of HCB in January and 0.82-10.25 μg/L HCB in August. Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the HCB contents in the microbial assemblage, and the number of species and the diversity index of the protozoan communities. This study demonstrated the applicability of the PFU method in monitoring the effects of HCB on the level of microbial communities.展开更多
In the past,contraction-induced production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)has been implicated in oxidative stress to skeletal muscle.As research advances,clear evidence has revealed a more complete role of ROS under b...In the past,contraction-induced production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)has been implicated in oxidative stress to skeletal muscle.As research advances,clear evidence has revealed a more complete role of ROS under both physiologic and pathologic conditions.Central to the role of ROS is the redox signaling pathways that control exercise-induced major physiologic and cellular responses and adaptations,such as mitochondrial biogenesis,mitophagy,mitochondrial morphologic dynamics,antioxidant defense,and inflammation.The current review focuses on how muscle contraction and immobilization may activate or inhibit redox signalings and their impact on muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and physiologic implications.展开更多
基金support of the Innovation Centre SAMCoT (Sustainable Arctic Marine and Coastal Technology), a project of the Norwegian scientific fund
文摘Measurements of the thermal deformations of frozen soil samples were performed in the cold laboratory in temperature range from 0°C to-12°C.Fiber Bragg Gratings strain and temperature sensors were used to measure the deformation and temperature inside the samples.A number of tests with the samples prepared from Kaolin and Cambrian clay saturated with fresh water,and prepared from fine and silt sand saturated with fresh or saline water,are performed.Thermal deformations of the samples are analyzed depending on the cyclic changes of their temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos:82374475 and 82104883,China).
文摘The death of osteoblasts induced by glucocorticoid(GC)-mediated oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head(SIONFH).Improving bone formation driven by osteoblasts has shown promising outcomes in the prognosis of SIONFH.Isovitexin has demonstrated antioxidant properties,but its therapeutic effects on GC-induced oxidative stress and SIONFH remain unexplored.In this study,we analyzed clinical samples obtained from SIONFH patients using proteomic and bioinformatic approaches.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB 950903)the China-UK-Swiss Adapting to Climate Change in China Project (ACCC)-Climate Science
文摘Driven by the global model,Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 1.1(BCC_CSM1.1),climate change over China in the 21st century is simulated by a regional climate model(RegCM4.0)under the new emission scenarios of the Representative Concentration Pathways—RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.This is based on a period of transient simulations from 1950 to2099,with a grid spacing of 50 km.The present paper focuses on the annual mean temperature and precipitation in China over this period,with emphasis on their future changes.Validation of model performance reveals marked improvement of the RegCM4.0 model in reproducing present day temperature and precipitation relative to the driving BCC_CSM1.1 model.Significant warming is simulated by both BCC_CSM1.1 and RegCM4.0,however,spatial distribution and magnitude differ between the simulations.The high emission scenario RCP8.5 results in greater warming compared to RCP4.5.The two models project different precipitation changes,characterized by a general increase in the BCC_CSM1.1,and broader areas with decrease in the RegCM4.0 simulations.
文摘The link between chronic inflammation and colorectal cancer has been well established. The events proceeding along tumorigenesis are complicated and involve cells activated at the cancer microenvironment, tumor infiltrating polymorphonuclears, immune cells including lymphocyte subtypes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC), as well as tumor-associated macrophages. The immune cells generate inflammatory cytokines, several of them playing a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Additional factors, such as gene expression regulated by cytokines, assembling of tumor growth- and transforming factors, accelerated angiogenesis, delayed apoptosis, contribute all to initiation, development and migration of tumor cells. Oxygen radical species originating from the inflammatory area promote cell mutation and cancer proliferation. Tumor cells may over-express pro-inflammatory mediators that in turn activate immune cells for inflammatory cytokines production. Consequently, an immune dialogue emerges between immune and cancer cells orchestrated through a number of activated molecular pathways. Cytokines, encompassing migration inhibitory factor, transforming growth factor beta 1, tumor necrosisfactor-α, Interleukin(IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 have been reported to be involved in human cancer development. Some cytokines, namely IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-22 and growth factors promote tumor development and metastasis, and inhibit apoptosis via activation of signal transducer activator transcription-3 transcription factor. Colon cancer environment comprises mesenchymal, endothelial and immune cells. Assessment of the interaction between components in the tumor environment and malignant cells requires a reconsideration of a few topics elucidating the role of chronic inflammation in carcinogenesis, the function of the immune cells expressed by inflammatory cytokine production, the immunomodulation of cancer cells and the existence of a cross-talk between immune and malignant cells leading to a balance in cytokine production. It is conceivable that the prevalence of anti-inflammatory cytokine production by PBMC in the affected colonic mucosa will contribute to the delay, or even to halt down malignant expansion. Targeting the interplay between immune and cancer cells by mediators capable to alter cytokine secretion toward increased anti-inflammatory cytokine release by PBMC and tumor associated macrophages, may serve as an additional strategy for treatment of malignant diseases. This review will focus on the inflammatory events preceding tumorigenesis in general, and on a number of modulators capable to affect colon cancer cell-induced production of inflammatory cytokines by PBMC through alteration of the immune crosstalk between PBMC and cancer cells.
文摘Having studied the biomarker composition and maturity of dissolved hydrocarbons from Ordovician formation waters, the authors presented molecular geochemical evidence for the controversial origin of natural gases in central Ordos Basin.The dissolved hydrocarbons in Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 are relatively high in abundance of tricylic terpane, pregnane series and dibenzothiophene series and low in Pr/Ph and hopane/sterane ratios, indicating the source input of marine carbonates. In contrast, the dissolved hydrocarbons in Well Shan 81 are free from tricyclic terpane and pregnane series, with trace dibenzothiophene series and high Pr/Ph and higher hopane/sterane ratios, which are the typical features of terrestrial organic matter. Furthermore, Well Shan 37 and Well Shan 34 are between the two situations, having a mixed source of marine carbonate and terrestrial organic matter. The maturity of biomarkers also supports the above suggestions. These results are consistent with the geological background and source rock distribution in this region.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFB1714300)National Natural Science Foundation of China (62293502, 61831022, 61976211)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS。
文摘ChatG PT,an artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) model developed by OpenAI,has attracted worldwide attention for its capability of dealing with challenging language understanding and generation tasks in the form of conversations.This paper briefly provides an overview on the history,status quo and potential future development of ChatGPT,helping to provide an entry point to think about ChatGPT.Specifically,from the limited open-accessed resources,we conclude the core techniques of ChatGPT,mainly including large-scale language models,in-context learning,reinforcement learning from human feedback and the key technical steps for developing ChatGPT.We further analyze the pros and cons of ChatGPT and we rethink the duality of ChatGPT in various fields.Although it has been widely acknowledged that ChatGPT brings plenty of opportunities for various fields,mankind should still treat and use ChatG PT properly to avoid the potential threat,e.g.,academic integrity and safety challenge.Finally,we discuss several open problems as the potential development of ChatGPT.
文摘lntracellular redox homeostasis plays a critical role in determining tumor cells＇ sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis. Here we investigated the role of thioredoxin-1 （TRX1）, a key component of redox regulation, in arsenic trioxide （AS2O3）-induced apoptosis. Over-expression of wild-type TRX1 in HepG2 cells led to the inhibition of As2O3-induced cytochrome c （cyto c） release, caspase activation and apoptosis, and down-regulation of TRX1 expression by RNAi sensitized HepG2 cells to As2O3-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, mutation of the active site of TRX1 from Cys^32/35 to Ser^32/35 converted this molecule from an apoptotic protector to an apoptotic promoter. In an effort to understand the mechanisms of this conversion, we used isolated mitochondria from mouse liver and found that recombinant wild-type TRX1 could protect mitochondria from the apoptotic changes. In contrast, the mutant form of TRX1 alone elicited mitochondria-related apoptotic changes, including the mitochondrial permeability transition pore （mPTP） opening, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cyto c release from mitochondria. These apoptotic effects were inhibited by cyclosporine A （CsA）, indicating that mutant TRX1 targeted to mPTP. Alteration of TRX1 from its reduced form to oxidized form in vivo by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB）, a specific inhibitor ofTRX reductase, also sensitized HepG2 cells to As203-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that TRX1 plays a central role in regulating apoptosis by blocking cyto c release, and inactivation of TRX1 by either mutation or oxidization of the active site cysteines may sensitize tumor cells to As2O3-induced apoptosis.
文摘The interaction between a two-level atom and a single-mode field in the k-photon Jaynes-Cummings model （JCM） in the presence of the Stark shift and a Kerr medium is studied. All terms in the Hamiltonian, such as the single-mode field, its interaction with the atom, the contribution of the Stark shift and the Kerr medium effects are considered to be f-deformed. In particular, the effect of the initial state of the radiation field on the dynamical evolution of some physical properties such as atomic inversion and entropy squeezing are investigated by considering different initial field states （coherent, squeezed and thermal states）.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2009CB421407)the China-UK-Swiss Adapting to Climate Change in China Project (ACCC)-Climate Science
文摘In this paper, the changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over the next 20-30 years (2021-2050) in relative to the present day (1986-2005) under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario are analyzed based on a high-resolution climate change simulation performed by a regional climate model (the Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) RegCM3). The extreme indices of summer days (SU), frost days (FD), and growing season length (GSL) for temperature and simple daily intensity index (SDII), number of days with precipitation ≥10 mm d-1 (R10), and consecutive dry days (CDD) for precipitation are used as the indicators of the extremes. The results show that the indices simulated by RegCM3 in the present day show good agreement with the observed. A general increase in SU, a decrease in FD, and an increase in GSL are found to occur in the next 20-30 years over China. A general increase in SDII, an increase in R10 over western China, and a decrease in R10 in north, northeast, and central China are simulated by the model. Changes in CDD are characterized by a decrease in the north and an increase in the south and the Tibetan Plateau.
文摘Isotachophoresis results indicate that the total concentrations of organic acids in Ordovician formation waters range from 9.17 mg/L to 94.49 mg/L and are obviously higher than those of Permo-Carboniferous formation waters. But both of them have the same compositional characteristics, i.e., acetic acid >>formic acid >propanoic acid >butanoic acid. The total alkyl phenol contents of Ordovician formation waters range from {0.57} mg/L to {4.73} mg/L, averaging {1.77} mg/L. Among the samples for phenol detection, {47.06%} samples contain less than {1.0 mg/L}, {35.29%} samples {1.0}-{3.0} mg/L, and only {17.65%} samples more than {3.0 mg/L} alkyl phenol.The concentrations of organic acids and alkyl phenols in the Majiagou formation waters are of obviously heterogeneous distribution. There are several areas where the concentrations of organic acids and phenols are high in central Ordos Basin. These organic acid- and phenol-high areas (organic acids {>45} mg/L and phenols {>2.0 mg/L}) are consistent with natural gas reservoir enriched areas in central Ordos Basin.
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of the total saponin of Dipsacus asperoides (tSDA) and ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) on the apoptosis of primary cultured hippocampal neurons induced by β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Methods Primary cultured hippocampal neurons, the cultures were pretreated with tSDA and GRb1 on 10d for 24 hours respectively. Then the cultures were treated with 35 μmol·L -1 Aβ25-35 for 24 hours, observed the changing of survival rate of neurons and the apoptosis of neurons with biochemical analysis combining immunofluorescent cytochemical double-staining technique. Results Hippocampal neurons were treated with 35 μmol·L -1 Aβ for 24 hours, and survival rate of neurons downed to 52.6%. When neurons were pretreated by tSDA and GRb1, survival rate of neurons increased 11% to 15%. The findings of immunofluorescent cytochemical double-staining indicated that apoptotic neurons were obviously more than that of the blank group, reaching 43.9%.When neurons were pretreated by tSDA and GRb1, apoptotic neurons were downed to 16.6%, 10.8% respectively. Conclusion tSDA had the same effects as GRb1, protecting the neurons, antagonizing neurotoxicity of Aβ, increasing survival rate of neurons, and reducing apoptotic neurons induced by Aβ.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40902013)"Strategic Priority Research Program - Climate Change:Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues" of the ChineseAcademy of Sciences (Grant No.XDA05130202)
文摘Shuidonggou site has abundant Paleolithic remains of Late Pleistocene deposition. Studying the evolution of depositional environments is essential to the comprehensive understanding of the living conditions of ancient populations. To reconstruct the depositional environment at Shuidonggou, we carried out archaeological excavations and collected systematic deposition samples at the key position of Shuidonggou Locality 2 for grain size analysis and sporopollen statistics. The environmental evolution around the Shuidonggou site generally underwent four stages at ~72-18 kaBP. During the first stage （~72-41 kaBP）, the river developed with gravel and sand stratums. During the second stage （41-34 kaBP）, a swamp with numerous aquatic plants formed. In the third stage （34-29 kaBP）, site formation was characterized by shallow lake depositional conditions; the climate was relatively warm and humid. The marginal bank depositional conditions deteriorated during the fourth stage （29-18 kaBP）, and the site underwent several dry events; the climate also became drier and colder.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2005CB724400)partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40574036)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KJCX2-SW-N20).
文摘Melt glasses for seven types of rock ranging from acid to basic were prepared under 1.0 GPa on a multi-anvil pressure apparatus, YJ-3000 ton press. Densities and elastic properties of the melt glasses were compared with those described in previous studies. It was found that the glasses melted under 1.0 GPa were consistent in density with both naturally-occurring glassy rocks and artificially prepared glasses melted at ambient pressure. The densities of glasses are negatively correlated with the SiO2 contents and positively correlated with the (MgO+FeO) contents. The compressive velocity (Vp) of glass tends to increase with decreasing SiO2 contents and increasing (MgO+FeO) contents. The shear velocity (Vs) of glass tends to increase slightly with increasing SiO2 contents, which has little connection with the (MgO+FeO) contents. It was calculated from densities and velocities that the elastic moduli of glasses are negatively correlated with the SiO2 contents and positively correlated with the (MgO+FeO) contents.
基金supported by the President Foundation of Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University(2022A018)the China Postdoctoral Research Foundation(2021M7016).
文摘Depression is a major contributor to poor global health and disability,with a recently increasing incidence.Although drug therapy is commonly used to treat depression,conventional antidepressant drugs have several disadvantages,including slow onset,low response rates and severe adverse effects.Therefore,developing effective therapies for depression remains challenging.Although various aetiological theories of depression exist,the underlying mechanisms of depression are complex,and further research is crucial.Moreover,oxidative stress(OS)-induced lipid peroxidation has been demonstrated to trigger ferroptosis.Both OS and ferroptosis are pivotal mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders,and investigation of the mediators involved in these processes has emerged as a prominent and active research direction.One previous study revealed that regulatory proteins involved in ferroptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of depression,and antidepressant drugs could reverse depressive symptoms by inhibiting ferroptosis in vivo,suggesting an important role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of depression.Hence,our current comprehensive review offers an up-to-date perspective on the intricate mechanisms involved,specifically concerning ferroptosis and OS in the context of depression,along with promising prospects for using molecular mediators to target ferroptosis.We delineate the key targets of molecular mediators involved in OS and ferroptosis implicated in depression,most notably reactive oxygen species and iron overload.Considering the pivotal role of OS-induced ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders,delving deeper into the underlying subsequent mechanisms will contribute significantly to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for depression.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Programme of China under Grant No 2006CB921202, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10334050 and 1047410. We thank Tang J Y, of the Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, for fabricating the chip.
文摘We demonstrate the guiding of neutral atoms with two parallel microfabricated current-carrying wires on the atom chip and a vertical magnetic bias field. The atoms are guided along a magnetic field minimum parallel to the current-carrying wires and confined in the other two directions. We describe in detail how the precooled atoms are efficiently loaded into the two-wire guide. We present a detailed experimental study of the motional properties of the atoms in the guide and the relationship between the location of the guide and the vertical bias field. This two-wire guide with vertical bias field can be used to realize large area atom interferometer.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Research Program of Global Change Research (No.2010CB951302)National Natural Science Fundation of China (No.40771146)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (No.07Z7601MZ1)
文摘The fraction of photosynthetically active radiation （FPAR） is a key variable in the assessment of vegetation productivity and land ecosystem carbon cycles. Based on ground-measured corn hyperspectral reflectance and FPAR data over Northeast China, the correlations between corn-canopy FPAR and hyperspectral reflectance were analyzed, and the FPAR estimation performances using vegetation index （VI） and neural network （NN） methods with different two-band-combination hyperspectral reflectance were investigated. The results indicated that the corn-canopy FPAR retained almost a constant value in an entire day. The negative correlations between FPAR and visible and shortwave infrared reflectance （SWIR） bands are stronger than the positive correlations between FPAR and near-infrared band re- flectance （NIR）. For the six VIs, the normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） and simple ratio （SR） performed best for estimating corn FPAR （the maximum R2 of 0.8849 and 0.8852, respectively）. However, the NN method esti- mated results （the maximum Rz is 0.9417） were obviously better than all of the VIs. For NN method, the two-band combinations showing the best corn FPAR estimation performances were from the NIR and visible bands; for VIs, however, they were from the SWIR and NIR bands. As for both the methods, the SWIR band performed exceptionally well for corn FPAR estimation. This may be attributable to the fact that the reflectance of the SWIR band were strongly controlled by leaf water content, which is a key component of corn photosynthesis and greatly affects the absorption of photosynthetically active radiation （APAR）, and makes further impact on corn-canopy FPAR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82074462)the Major Research Project of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(No.2021xk53)the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine National Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Special Research(No.2022QN02).
文摘Loganin(LOG),a bioactive compound derived from Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc,has been understudied in the context of osteoarthritis(OA)treatment.In this study,we induced an inflammatory response in chondrocytes using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and subsequently treated these cells with LOG.We employed fluorescence analysis to quantify reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels and measured the expression of NLRP3 and nuclear factor erythropoietin-2-related factor 2(NRF2)using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence(IF)techniques.Additionally,we developed an OA mouse model by performing medial meniscus destabilization(DMM)surgery and monitored disease progression through micro-com-puted tomography(micro-CT),hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,safranin O and fast green(S&F)staining,and immunohisto-chemical(IHC)analysis.Our results indicate that LOG significantly reduced LPS-induced ROS levels in chondrocytes,inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,and enhanced NRF2/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)signaling.In vivo,LOG treatment mitigated cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation triggered by DMM surgery,decreased NLRP3 expression,and increased NRF2 expres-sion.These findings suggest that LOG has a protective effect against OA,potentially delaying disease progression by inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β axis and activating the NRF2/HO-1 pathway.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.3187110331671164).
文摘Background Methamphetamine(MA)is one of the most commonly abused illicit psychostimulant drugs and MA use disorder constitutes a universal health concern across the world.Despite many intervention approaches to MA use disorder,the indicator of addiction severity is mainly limited to subjective craving score to drug-related cues,which is influenced by many factors such as social approval and self-masking.Aim The present study investigates whether self-reported craving for drug use in response to MA cues is a reliable indicator for addiction severity in MA users,and then tests the validity of the cue-induced attention bias test in addiction severity assessment.Methods Fifty-two male MA users completed the cueinduced craving test and attention bias task,and were required to report clinical characteristics of addiction severity.For the attention bias test,subjects were required to discriminate the letter superimposed onto MA userelated or neutral scenes.The reaction time delay during MA-use condition relative to neutral condition was used as an index of the attention bias.Results The results showed that 24 of the 52 MA users rated non-zero in cue-induced craving test,and they showed a significant attention bias to drug-related pictures.However,the other 28 users who rated zero in cue-induced craving evaluation showed a similar attention bias to drug-related cues.In addition,the attention bias to MA use-related cues was significantly and positively correlated with the clinical indexes of addiction severity,but the relationship was absent between subjective craving evaluation and the indexes of addiction severity.Conclusion These results suggest that attention bias to MA cues may be a more reliable indicator than experiential craving report,especially when subjective craving is measured in the compulsory rehabilitation centre.
基金Project supported by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(No.104250).
文摘Hexachlorobenzene （HCB） is a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon that was widely used for seed dressing in prevention of fungal growth on crops, and also as a component of fireworks, ammunition, and synthetic rubbers. Because of its resistance to degradation and mobility, HCB is widely distributed throughout the environment and is accumulated through food chains in different ecosystems. In this study, a preliminary investigation was carried out on the bioaccumulation and the toxic effects of HCB in the microbial （protozoan in particular） communities in the Fuhe River, Wuhan, a water body receiving industrial wastewaters containing HCB and other pollutants, using the standardized polyurethane foam units （PFU） method. Field samples were taken from eight stations established along the Fuhe River in January and August 2006. The concentration ratios of HCB in microbial communities and in water were 9.66-18.64, and the microbial communities accumulated 13.29-56.88 μg/L of HCB in January and 0.82-10.25 μg/L HCB in August. Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the HCB contents in the microbial assemblage, and the number of species and the diversity index of the protozoan communities. This study demonstrated the applicability of the PFU method in monitoring the effects of HCB on the level of microbial communities.
文摘In the past,contraction-induced production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)has been implicated in oxidative stress to skeletal muscle.As research advances,clear evidence has revealed a more complete role of ROS under both physiologic and pathologic conditions.Central to the role of ROS is the redox signaling pathways that control exercise-induced major physiologic and cellular responses and adaptations,such as mitochondrial biogenesis,mitophagy,mitochondrial morphologic dynamics,antioxidant defense,and inflammation.The current review focuses on how muscle contraction and immobilization may activate or inhibit redox signalings and their impact on muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and physiologic implications.
