The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences (KLCWB) was established in August 2012 and is incorporated into the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Ministry of Natural Resources. The...The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences (KLCWB) was established in August 2012 and is incorporated into the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Ministry of Natural Resources. The KLCWB focus on the frontiers of international coastal wetland biogeology science and technology development, especially the hot topics in biological geology, environmental geology and ecological resources.展开更多
Gastric carcinoma(GC)is a malignancy with multifactorial involvement,multicellular regulation,and multistage evolution.The classic Correa's cascade of intestinal GC specifies a trilogy of malignant transformation ...Gastric carcinoma(GC)is a malignancy with multifactorial involvement,multicellular regulation,and multistage evolution.The classic Correa's cascade of intestinal GC specifies a trilogy of malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa,in which normal gastric mucosa gradually progresses from inactive or chronic active gastritis(Phase I)to gastric precancerous lesions(Phase II)and finally to GC(Phase III).Correa's cascade highlights the evolutionary pattern of GC and the importance of early intervention to prevent malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa.Intervening in early gastric mucosal lesions,i.e.,Phases I and II,will be the key strategy to prevent and treat GC.Natural products(NPs)have been an important source for drug development due to abundant sources,tremendous safety,and multiple pharmacodynamic mechanisms.This review is the first to investigate and summarize the multi-step effects and regulatory mechanisms of NPs on the Correa's cascade in gastric carcinogenesis.In Phase I,NPs modulate Helicobacter pylori urease activity,motility,adhesion,virulence factors,and drug resistance,thereby inhibiting H.pylori-induced gastric mucosal inflammation and oxidative stress,and facilitating ulcer healing.In Phase II,NPs modulate multiple pathways and mediators regulating gastric mucosal cell cycle,apoptosis,autophagy,and angiogenesis to reverse gastric precancerous lesions.In Phase III,NPs suppress cell proliferation,migration,invasion,angiogenesis,and cancer stem cells,induce apoptosis and autophagy,and enhance chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity for the treatment of GC.In contrast to existing work,we hope to uncover NPs with sequential therapeutic effects on multiple phases of GC development,providing new ideas for gastric cancer prevention,treatment,and drug development.展开更多
Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins are a large group of eukaryote-specific RNA-binding proteins that play pivotal roles in plant organelle gene expression.Here,we report the function of PPR21 in mitochondrial intro...Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins are a large group of eukaryote-specific RNA-binding proteins that play pivotal roles in plant organelle gene expression.Here,we report the function of PPR21 in mitochondrial intron splicing and its role in maize kernel development.PPR21 is a typical P-type PPR protein targeted to mitochondria.The ppr21 mutants are arrested in embryogenesis and endosperm development,leading to embryo lethality.Null mutations of PPR21 reduce the splicing efficiency of nad2 intron 1,2,and 4 and impair the assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex I.Previous studies show that the P-type PPR protein EMP12 is required for the splicing of identical introns.However,our protein interaction analyses reveal that PPR21 does not interact with EMP12.Instead,both PPR21 and EMP12 interact with the small MutS-related(SMR)domain-containing PPR protein 1(PPR-SMR1)and the short P-type PPR protein 2(SPR2).PPR-SMR1 interacts with SPR2,and both proteins are required for the splicing of many introns in mitochondria,including nad2 intron 1,2,and 4.These results suggest that a PPR21-(PPR-SMR1/SPR2)-EMP12 complex is involved in the splicing of nad2 introns in maize mitochondria.展开更多
The increased demand for personalized customization calls for new production modes to enhance collaborations among a wide range of manufacturing practitioners who unnecessarily trust each other.In this article,a block...The increased demand for personalized customization calls for new production modes to enhance collaborations among a wide range of manufacturing practitioners who unnecessarily trust each other.In this article,a blockchain-enabled manufacturing collaboration framework is proposed,with a focus on the production capacity matching problem for blockchainbased peer-to-peer(P2P)collaboration.First,a digital model of production capacity description is built for trustworthy and transparent sharing over the blockchain.Second,an optimization problem is formulated for P2P production capacity matching with objectives to maximize both social welfare and individual benefits of all participants.Third,a feasible solution based on an iterative double auction mechanism is designed to determine the optimal price and quantity for production capacity matching with a lack of personal information.It facilitates automation of the matching process while protecting users'privacy via blockchainbased smart contracts.Finally,simulation results from the Hyperledger Fabric-based prototype show that the proposed approach increases social welfare by 1.4%compared to the Bayesian game-based approach,makes all participants profitable,and achieves 90%fairness of enterprises.展开更多
The Si Tian project,designed to utilize 60 telescopes distributed across multiple sites in China,is a next-generation timedomain survey initiative.As a pathfinder for the Si Tian project,the Mini-Si Tian(MST)has been ...The Si Tian project,designed to utilize 60 telescopes distributed across multiple sites in China,is a next-generation timedomain survey initiative.As a pathfinder for the Si Tian project,the Mini-Si Tian(MST)has been proposed and implemented to test the Si Tian’s brain and data pipeline,and to evaluate the feasibility of its technology and science cases.Mounted at the Xinglong Observatory,the MST project comprises three 30 cm telescopes and has been operated since 2022 November.Each telescope of the MST possesses a large field of view,covering 2°.29×1°.53 FOV,and is equipped withg',r'andi'filters,respectively.Acting as the pioneer of the forthcoming Si Tian project,the MST is dedicated to the discovery of variable stars,transients,and outburst events,and has already obtained some interesting scientific results.In this paper,we will summarize the first-two-year operation of the MST project.展开更多
Revealing the structure evolution of interfacial active species during a dynamic catalytic process is a challenging but pivotal issue for the rational design of high-performance catalysts.Here,we successfully prepare ...Revealing the structure evolution of interfacial active species during a dynamic catalytic process is a challenging but pivotal issue for the rational design of high-performance catalysts.Here,we successfully prepare sub-nanometric Pt clusters(~0.8 nm)encapsulated within the defects of CeO_(2)nanorods via an in-situ defect engineering methodology.The as-prepared Pt@d-CeO_(2)catalyst significantly boosts the activity and stability in the water-gas shift(WGS)reaction compared to other analogs.Based on controlled experiments and complementary(in-situ)spectroscopic studies,a reversible encapsulation induced by active site transformation between the Pt^(2+)-terminal hydroxyl and Pt^(δ+)-O vacancy species at the interface is revealed,which enables to evoke the enhanced performance.Our findings not only offer practical guidance for the design of high-efficiency catalysts but also bring a new understanding of the exceptional performance of WGS in a holistic view,which shows a great application potential in materials and catalysis.展开更多
Cellular senescence and its senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP)represent a pivotal role in the development of skeletal diseases.Targeted elimination or rejuvenation of senescent cells has shown potential a...Cellular senescence and its senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP)represent a pivotal role in the development of skeletal diseases.Targeted elimination or rejuvenation of senescent cells has shown potential as a therapeutic strategy to reverse age-related skeletal senescence and promote bone regeneration.Meanwhile,other age-related mechanisms,involving altered cellular functions,impaired intercellular crosstalk,disturbed tissue microenvironment,and decreased regenerative capacity,synergistically contribute to the pathogenesis.In this review,we outline the cellular senescence and other age-related mechanisms in developing skeletal diseases,including osteoporosis,intervertebral disc degeneration,osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis,bone tumors and ankylosing spondylitis,with the aim of comprehensively understanding their detrimental effects on the aged skeleton and screening the potential targets for anti-aging therapy within the skeletal system.展开更多
Abscisic acid(ABA)plays a key role in promoting the growth and development of plants,as well as mediating the responses of plants to adverse environmental conditions.Here,we measured the photosynthetic capacity of wil...Abscisic acid(ABA)plays a key role in promoting the growth and development of plants,as well as mediating the responses of plants to adverse environmental conditions.Here,we measured the photosynthetic capacity of wild-type RR,mutant sitiens(sit),and ABA-pretreated sit tomato seedlings following exposure to low-temperature(LT)stress.We found that the net photosynthetic rate,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of sit seedlings were lower than those of RR seedlings under LT stress.The chloroplast width,area,and number of osmiophilic granules were significantly larger in sit seedlings than in RR seedlings,while the chloroplast length/width ratio was significantly lower in sit seedlings than in RR seedlings.The photochemical activity of sit seedlings was lower,and the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in sit seedlings was altered following exposure to LT stress.ABA pretreatment significantly alleviated the above phenomenon.We also conducted an RNA sequencing analysis and characterized the expression patterns of genes in tomato seedlings following exposure to LT stress.We constructed 15 cDNA libraries and identified several differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis,plant hormone signaling transduction,and primary and secondary metabolism.Additional analyses of genes encoding transcription factors and proteins involved in photosynthesis-related processes showed pronounced changes in expression under LT stress.Luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that WRKY22 regulates the expression of PsbA.The PSII of WRKY22 and PsbA-silenced plants was inhibited.Our findings indicate that ABA plays a role in regulating the process of photosynthesis and protecting PSII in tomato under LT stress through the WRKY22-PsbA complex.展开更多
The prebiotic effects of hyaluronan(HA)are widely recognized,contributing to improved gut health and immune modulation.Despite its extensive use as dietary supplement,the specific interactions between HA oligosacchari...The prebiotic effects of hyaluronan(HA)are widely recognized,contributing to improved gut health and immune modulation.Despite its extensive use as dietary supplement,the specific interactions between HA oligosaccharides(o-HAs)and the gut microbiome remain largely unexplored.To investigate its role and metabolic fate in gut homeostasis,200 mg/day of o-HAs(average molecule weight 1 kDa)were added to an automated computer-controlled SIMulator of the Gastrointestinal tract(SIMGI).The results revealed a significant reshaping of the intestinal flora composition by o-HAs,notably reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio.Fermentation of o-HAs by gut microbiota significantly increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium,Prevotellaceae_Prevotella,Dialister,Eubacterium,and Sutterella,but decreased that of Catenibacterium,Oscillospira,Klebsiella,and Citrobacter(P<0.05).This corresponded with significant enhancements in the content of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)such as acetic acid,propionic acid and n-butyric acid,highlighting the significant impact of o-HAs at the genus level.Furthermore,analysis of microbial function predicted the downregulation of pathological events in nine human diseases,particularly infectious ones(parasitic and bacterial).Potential inhibitions were observed in metabolic pathways associated with pentose and glucuronate interconversions as well as cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance.These findings underscore the in vitro prebiotic effects of o-HAs and their potential relevance in managing diverticular diseases or preventing metabolic disorders through the regulation of gut microbiota.展开更多
Social networks are vital for building the livelihood resilience of rural households.However,the impact of social networks on rural household livelihood resilience remains em-pirically underexplored,and most existing ...Social networks are vital for building the livelihood resilience of rural households.However,the impact of social networks on rural household livelihood resilience remains em-pirically underexplored,and most existing studies do not disaggregate social networks into different dimensions,which limits the understanding of specific mechanisms.Based on 895 household samples collected in China's Dabie Mountains and structural equation modeling,this paper explored the pathway to enhance livelihood resilience through social networks by dis-aggregating it into five dimensions:network size,interaction intensity,social cohesion,social support,and social learning.The results indicate that:(1)Livelihood assets,adaptive capacity and safety nets significantly contribute to livelihood resilience,whereas sensitivity negatively affects it.Accessibility to basic services has no significant relationship with livelihood resilience in the study area.(2)Social networks and their five dimensions positively impact livelihood re-silience,with network support having the greatest impact.Therefore,both the government and rural households should recognize and enhance the role of social networks in improving liveli-hood resilience under frequent disturbances.These findings have valuable implications for mitigating the risks of poverty recurrence and contributing to rural revitalization.展开更多
17β-Trenbolone(17-TB)is well documented as an environmental endocrine disruptor in aquatic biological studies,but its effects on mammals remain poorly understood.Furthermore,17-TB acts as a hormone with properties si...17β-Trenbolone(17-TB)is well documented as an environmental endocrine disruptor in aquatic biological studies,but its effects on mammals remain poorly understood.Furthermore,17-TB acts as a hormone with properties similar to testosterone,and the consequences of juvenile exposure on adult social behavior remain uncertain.Bisphenol A(BPA)acts as an estrogen-like hormone,compared to 17-TB.Three-week-old male Balb/c mice were exposed orally to 17-TB(100μg/(kg·day))and BPA(4 mg/(kg·day))for 28 days.Assessments of social interactions and a three-chamber test showed that 17-TB increased virility in male mice,intensified both male and female sexual behavior,and attracted and accepted female mice.It also increased social dominance through tube tests inmalemice and markedly activated the c-Fos^(+)immune response in themedial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)and basal amygdala(BLA).ELISA data showed that 17-TB and BPA exposure significantly affected serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH),growth hormone(GH),estradiol(E2),and luteinizing hormone(LH)levels,as well as testicular lesions and androgen receptor(ARβ)and estrogen receptor(ERα)synthesis.Testicular transcriptomic analysis further confirmed that could disrupt steroid synthesis and linoleic acid-related biometabolic processes.These findings suggest the influence of 17-TB and BPA exposure on sexual behavior and fertility in male mice,possibly through modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.This study provides insights relevant to human reproductive health and neuro-social behavioral research,and the potential risk of environmental disturbances should not be overlooked.展开更多
High-performance 24CrNiMo steel was fabricated using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). Subsequent quenching treatment was applied and the influence of quenching temperatures on micro-structure evolution and properties w...High-performance 24CrNiMo steel was fabricated using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). Subsequent quenching treatment was applied and the influence of quenching temperatures on micro-structure evolution and properties was systematically characterised and analysed. The micro-structure of the as-built steel consisted of two parts. The first part comprised martensite with twins combined with ω-Fe nano-particles, and the second part consisted of lower bainite in the molten pool, as well as upper bainite, granular bainite and tempered martensite in the heat-affected zone. With the quenching temperatures varying from 800℃ to 950℃, the micro-structure gradually transformed from acicular ferrite + martensite to tempered martensite +θ-Fe3C carbides, and the grain size exhibited noticeable growth. Moreover, quenching treatments could eliminate the anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the micro-structure. The rod-shaped nanosized η-Fe2C and θ-Fe3C precipitates were clearly observed, which were converted from ω-Fe and distributed at multiple angles in the lath. The size and number of nano-precipitates, triggered by the high self-tempering degree of martensite, gradually increased. The relationships among grain size, the twins, dislocation density and nano-precipitation and the dramatically improved performance of quenched samples were analysed using strengthening mechanisms. After quenching at 850℃, the as-built 24CrNiMo steel attained ultra-high mechanical properties including hardness, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Elongation (El) and impact energy with values of 480.9 HV_(1), 1611.4 MPa, 9.8% and 42.8 J, respectively. Meanwhile, both the wear and thermal fatigue resistance increased by approximately 40%. This study demonstrated that LPBF-fabricated 24CrNiMo steel, with matching good performances, can be achieved using a subsequent one-step quenching process.展开更多
Background Aflatoxins have been reported as a significant pollutant in feed,capable of causing harm to the liver,gastrointestinal tract and kidneys of piglets.However,research on the interactions among aflatoxin B1(AF...Background Aflatoxins have been reported as a significant pollutant in feed,capable of causing harm to the liver,gastrointestinal tract and kidneys of piglets.However,research on the interactions among aflatoxin B1(AFB1),bile acid(BA)metabolism and gut microbiota is limited.Methods In this study,piglets were treated with AFB1 and antibiotics(ABX)to evaluate the interaction between AFB1 and gut microbiota.Subsequently,the roles of the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)and sterol 12α-hydroxylase(CYP8B1)in AFB1 absorption were studied by using FXR agonists obeticholic acid(OCA)and Cyp8b1-knockout(KO)mice,respectively.Result AFB1 inhibited bile salt hydrolase(BSH)activity in ileal microbiota,downregulated ileal FXR expression,and upregulated CYP8B1 expression in liver,increasing the proportion of 12α-OH BAs and potentially enhancing AFB1 absorption.ABX treatment reduced AFB1 absorption and liver damage,and unexpectedly increased BSH activity,counteracting the AFB1-induced downregulation of FXR and upregulation of CYP8B1.OCA reactivated ileal FXR,reduced AFB1 absorption,and alleviated liver damage.Furthermore,Cyp8b1-KO mice showed increased resistance to AFB1-induced liver damage by lowering AFB1 absorption.Conclusions These results underscore the significance of gut microbiota and BAs in AFB1 absorption,suggesting new strategies to mitigate health risks from AFB1 in piglets.展开更多
Harnessing the redox potential of biochar to activate airborne O_(2)for contaminant removal is challenging.In this study,ferrihydrite(Fh)modified the boron(B),nitrogen(N)co-doped biochars(BCs)composites(Fh/B(n)NC)were...Harnessing the redox potential of biochar to activate airborne O_(2)for contaminant removal is challenging.In this study,ferrihydrite(Fh)modified the boron(B),nitrogen(N)co-doped biochars(BCs)composites(Fh/B(n)NC)were developed for enhancing the degradation of a model pollutant,tetracycline(TC),merely by airborne O_(2).Fh/B(3)NC showed excellent O_(2)activation activity for efficient TC degradation with a apparent TC degradation rate of 5.54,6.88,and 22.15 times that of B(3)NC,Fh,and raw BCs,respectively,where 1O_(2)and H_(2)O_(2)were identified as the dominant ROS for TC degradation.The B incorporation into the carbon lattice of Fh/B(3)NC promoted the generation of electron donors,sp2 C and the reductive B species,hence boosting Fe(III)reduction and 1O_(2)generation.O_(2)adsorption was enhanced due to the positively charged adsorption sites(C-B+and N-C+).And 1O_(2)was generated via Fe(II)catalyzed low-efficient successive one-electron transfer(O_(2)→O_(2)·−→1O_(2),H_(2)O_(2)),as well as biochar catalyzed high-efficient two-electron transfer(O_(2)→H_(2)O_(2)→1O_(2))that does not involve.O_(2)−as the intermediate.Moreover,Fh/B,N co-doped biochar showed a wide pH range,remarkable anti-interference capabilities,and effective detoxification.These findings shed new light on the development of environmentally benign BCs materials capable of degradading organic pollutants.展开更多
The Loess Plateau(LP),one of the most ecologically fragile regions in China,is affected by severe soil erosion and environmental degradation.Despite large-scale ecological restoration efforts made by Chinese governmen...The Loess Plateau(LP),one of the most ecologically fragile regions in China,is affected by severe soil erosion and environmental degradation.Despite large-scale ecological restoration efforts made by Chinese government in recent years,the region continues to face significant ecological challenges due to the combined impact of climate change and human activities.In this context,we developed a kernal Remote Sensing Ecological Index(kRSEI)using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)products on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns and trends in ecological environmental quality(EEQ)across the LP from 2000 to 2022 and project future trajectories.Then,we applied partial correlation analysis and multivariate regression residual analysis to further quantify the relative contributions of climate change and human activities to EEQ.During the study period,the kRSEI values exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity,with a stepwise degradation pattern in the southeast to northwest across the LP.The maximum(0.51)and minimum(0.46)values of the kRSEI were observed in 2007 and 2021,respectively.Trend analyses revealed a decline in EEQ across the LP.Hurst exponent analysis predicted a trend of weak anti-persistent development in most of the plateau areas in the future.A positive correlation was identified between kRSEI and precipitation,particularly in the central and western regions;although,improvements were limited by a precipitation threshold of 837.66 mm/a.A moderate increase in temperature was shown to potentially benefit the ecological environment within a certain range;however,temperature of-1.00°C-7.95°C often had a negative impact on the ecosystem.Climate change and human activities jointly influenced 65.78%of LP area on EEQ,primarily having a negative impact.In terms of contribution,human activities played a dominant role in driving changes in EEQ across the plateau.These findings provide crucial insights for accurately assessing the ecological state of the LP and suggest the design of future restoration strategies.展开更多
Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy(CIPN)is a common neurotoxic reaction for patients undergoing anticancer regimens.More and more studies show that acupuncture-moxibustion plays a positive role in t...Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy(CIPN)is a common neurotoxic reaction for patients undergoing anticancer regimens.More and more studies show that acupuncture-moxibustion plays a positive role in the management and prevention of CIPN.Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture-moxibustion in patients with CIPN,with a focus on assessing its effectiveness on improving treatment response rates,alleviating pain,enhancing quality of life(QoL),and improving nerve conduction.Additionally,the study compares the differences in clinical effectiveness among various acupuncture therapies for CIPN management.Methods Six databases(PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,OVID,and China National knowledge infrastructure[CNKI])were searched from earliest available dates to December 1,2024,and only randomized controlled trials(RCTs)containing relevant search terms were included.Network meta-analysis of the RCT data were conducted to assess the effective rate of the treatment as the primary outcome.Nerve conduction,pain scores,and QoL were assessed as secondary outcomes.The version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials(RoB 2)was used to examine methodological quality,and Stata 15.1 was used to take network meta-analysis.Results A total of 34 RCTs involving 2039 participants and 9 acupuncture-moxibustion therapies were included.The network meta-analysis evaluated the effect of different acupuncture therapies across four outcomes:effective rate,pain scores,QoL,and nerve conduction.For effective rate,electroacupuncture combined with moxibustion ranked first with a surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)value of 62.9%,followed by acupoint application(56.9%)and moxibustion(52.3%).Electroacupuncture combined with moxibustion had the highest effective rate compared to standard of care treatments(odds ratio[OR]=1.62,95%confidence interval[CI]−5.18 to 8.43).For alleviating pain,auricular acupressure had the highest SUCRA value(85.9%),while electroacupuncture and electroacupuncture combined with three-edged needle ranked second(63.4%)and third(51.0%),respectively.Auricular acupressure significantly reduced pain(SMD=−1.73,95%CI−3.54 to 0.08).For QoL,warming needle ranked first(SUCRA=92.0%),followed by electroacupuncture(48.7%)and filiform needle(43.0%).Warming needle significantly improved QoL scores(SMD=−0.75,95%CI−1.66 to 0.15).For nerve conduction,electroacupuncture combined with three-edged needle had the highest SUCRA value(100%),while moxibustion and filiform needle ranked second(65.3%)and third(39.2%),respectively.Electroacupuncture combined with three-edged had the best neuroprotective effect(SMD=1.85,95%CI 1.23 to 2.47).Conclusion Network meta-analysis based on the primary outcome(effective rate)suggests that electroacupuncture combined with moxibustion seems to be the optimal acupuncture therapy for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy(CIPN).Secondary outcomes exhibited considerable heterogeneity:auricular acupressure demonstrated superior efficacy in pain relief,electroacupuncture combined with three-edged needle showed greater advantages in improving nerve conduction function,while warm needling was associated with more significant improvements in QoL.Given the variability in interventions across different outcome measures and the methodological limitations of included studies,the current evidence requires cautious interpretation.Systematic review registration:Registration number in PROSPERO:CRD42024560017.展开更多
Polynyas and their adjacent seasonal ice zones(SIZs)represent the most productive regions in the Southern Ocean,supporting unique food webs that are highly sensitive to climate change.Understanding the dynamics of phy...Polynyas and their adjacent seasonal ice zones(SIZs)represent the most productive regions in the Southern Ocean,supporting unique food webs that are highly sensitive to climate change.Understanding the dynamics of phytoplankton and the carbon pool in these areas is crucial for assessing the role of the Southern Ocean in global carbon cycling.During the late stage of an algal bloom,seawater samples at 14 stations were collected in the Amundsen Sea Polynya(ASP)and adjacent SIZ.Using nutrients,phytoplankton pigments,organic carbon(OC),remote sensing data,and physicochemical measurements,as well as CHEMTAX model simulations,we investigated the response of the phytoplankton crops,taxonomic composition,and OC pool to environmental factors.Our analyses revealed that hydrodynamic regimes of the polynya,adjacent SIZs and open sea were regulated by the regionally varying intrusion of Circumpolar Deep Water,photosynthetically active radiation and sea ice melt water.The ASP exhibited the highest seasonal nutrient utilization rates[ΔN=(1059±386)mmol/m^(2),ΔP=(50±17)mmol/m^(2) andΔSi=(956±904)mmol/m^(2)],while the open sea had lower rates.The integrated chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentration at depths of 0–200 m ranged from 20.4 mg/m^(2) to 1420.0 mg/m^(2) and peaked in the polynya.In the study area,Haptophytes Phaeocystis antarctica was the dominant functional group(34%±27%),and diatoms acted as a secondary contributor(23%±14%).The major functional group and particulate OC(POC)contributor varied from diatoms(36%±12%)in the open sea to haptophytes(48%±31%)in the polynya waters.Strong light conditions and microelement limitations promoted the dominance of P.antarctica(low Fe forms)dominance in the ASP.The strong correlations between the POC and Chl a depth-integrated concentration suggest that the POC was primarily derived from phytoplankton,while dissolved OC(DOC)was influenced by consumer activity and water mass transport.In addition,the transport of OC in the upper 200 m of the water column within the ASP was quantified,revealing the predominantly westward fluxes for both DOC[9.0 mg/(m^(2)·s)]and POC[7.2 mg/(m^(2)·s)].The latitudinal transport exhibited the northward transport of DOC[8.1 mg/(m^(2)·s)]and southward transport of POC[4.3 mg/(m^(2)·s)]movement.These findings have significant implications for enhancing our understanding of how hydrodynamics influence OC cycling in polynya regions.展开更多
Investigating the ecological impact of land use change in the context of the construction of national water network project is crucial,as it is imperative for achieving the sustainable development goals of the nationa...Investigating the ecological impact of land use change in the context of the construction of national water network project is crucial,as it is imperative for achieving the sustainable development goals of the national water network and guaranteeing regional ecological stability.Using the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area(DRA),China as the study area,this paper first examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of natural landscape patterns and ecosystem service values(ESV)in the DRA from 2000 to 2018 and then investigated the spatial clustering characteristics of the ESV using spatial statistical analysis tools.Finally,the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model was used to simulate the natural landscape and future changes in the ESV of the DRA from 2018 to 2028 under four different development scenarios:business as usual(BAU),economic development(ED),ecological protection(EP),and shoreline protection(SP).The results show that:during 2000-2018,the construction of water facilities had a significant impact on regional land use/land cover(LULC)change,with a 24830 ha increase in watershed area.ESV exhibited an increasing trend,with a significant and growing spatial clustering effect.The transformation of farmland to water bodies led to accelerated ESV growth,while the transformation of forest land to farmland led to a decrease in the ESV.Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)had the strongest effect on the ESV.ESV exhibited a continuous increase from 2018 to 2028 under all the simulation scenarios.The EP scenario had the greatest increase in ESV,while the ED scenario had the smallest increase.The findings suggest that projected land use patterns under different scenarios have varied impacts on ecosystem services(ESs)and that the management and planning of the DRA should balance social,economic,ecological,and security benefits.nomic,ecological,and security benefits.展开更多
The presence of SnZn-related defects in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)absorber results in large irreversible energy loss and extra irreversible electron-hole non-radiative recombination,thus hindering the efficiency enh...The presence of SnZn-related defects in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)absorber results in large irreversible energy loss and extra irreversible electron-hole non-radiative recombination,thus hindering the efficiency enhancement of CZTSSe devices.Although the incorporation of Ag in CZTSSe can effectively suppress the SnZn-related defects and significantly improve the resulting cell performance,an excellent efficiency has not been achieved to date primarily owing to the poor electrical-conductivity and the low carrier density of the CZTSSe film induced by Ag substitution.Herein,this study exquisitely devises an Ag/H co-doping strategy in CZTSSe absorber via Ag substitution programs followed by hydrogen-plasma treatment procedure to suppress SnZn defects for achieving efficient CZTSSe devices.In-depth investigation results demonstrate that the incorporation of H in Ag-based CZTSSe absorber is expected to improve the poor electrical-conductivity and the low carrier density caused by Ag substitution.Importantly,the C=O and O-H functional groups induced by hydrogen incorporation,serving as an electron donor,can interact with under-coordinated cations in CZTSSe material,effectively passivating the SnZn-related defects.Consequently,the incorporation of an appropriate amount of Ag/H in CZTSSe mitigates carrier non-radiative recombination,prolongs minority carrier lifetime,and thus yields a champion efficiency of 14.74%,showing its promising application in kesterite-based CZTSSe devices.展开更多
Dysfunction of anti-tumor immune responses is crucial for cancer progression. Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB), which can potentiate T cell responses, is an effective strategy for the normalization of host anti-tumor i...Dysfunction of anti-tumor immune responses is crucial for cancer progression. Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB), which can potentiate T cell responses, is an effective strategy for the normalization of host anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, immune checkpoints, expressed on both tumor cells and immune cells, have been identified;some of them have exhibited potential druggability and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for clinical treatment. However, limited responses and immune-related adverse events(ir AEs) cannot be ignored. This review outlines the development and applications of ICBs, potential strategies for overcoming resistance, and future directions for ICB-based cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
文摘The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences (KLCWB) was established in August 2012 and is incorporated into the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Ministry of Natural Resources. The KLCWB focus on the frontiers of international coastal wetland biogeology science and technology development, especially the hot topics in biological geology, environmental geology and ecological resources.
基金supported by the Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"Xinglin Scholars"Program,China(Grant No.:MPRC2023014).
文摘Gastric carcinoma(GC)is a malignancy with multifactorial involvement,multicellular regulation,and multistage evolution.The classic Correa's cascade of intestinal GC specifies a trilogy of malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa,in which normal gastric mucosa gradually progresses from inactive or chronic active gastritis(Phase I)to gastric precancerous lesions(Phase II)and finally to GC(Phase III).Correa's cascade highlights the evolutionary pattern of GC and the importance of early intervention to prevent malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa.Intervening in early gastric mucosal lesions,i.e.,Phases I and II,will be the key strategy to prevent and treat GC.Natural products(NPs)have been an important source for drug development due to abundant sources,tremendous safety,and multiple pharmacodynamic mechanisms.This review is the first to investigate and summarize the multi-step effects and regulatory mechanisms of NPs on the Correa's cascade in gastric carcinogenesis.In Phase I,NPs modulate Helicobacter pylori urease activity,motility,adhesion,virulence factors,and drug resistance,thereby inhibiting H.pylori-induced gastric mucosal inflammation and oxidative stress,and facilitating ulcer healing.In Phase II,NPs modulate multiple pathways and mediators regulating gastric mucosal cell cycle,apoptosis,autophagy,and angiogenesis to reverse gastric precancerous lesions.In Phase III,NPs suppress cell proliferation,migration,invasion,angiogenesis,and cancer stem cells,induce apoptosis and autophagy,and enhance chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity for the treatment of GC.In contrast to existing work,we hope to uncover NPs with sequential therapeutic effects on multiple phases of GC development,providing new ideas for gastric cancer prevention,treatment,and drug development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072126 and 32230075)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2019MC005).
文摘Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins are a large group of eukaryote-specific RNA-binding proteins that play pivotal roles in plant organelle gene expression.Here,we report the function of PPR21 in mitochondrial intron splicing and its role in maize kernel development.PPR21 is a typical P-type PPR protein targeted to mitochondria.The ppr21 mutants are arrested in embryogenesis and endosperm development,leading to embryo lethality.Null mutations of PPR21 reduce the splicing efficiency of nad2 intron 1,2,and 4 and impair the assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex I.Previous studies show that the P-type PPR protein EMP12 is required for the splicing of identical introns.However,our protein interaction analyses reveal that PPR21 does not interact with EMP12.Instead,both PPR21 and EMP12 interact with the small MutS-related(SMR)domain-containing PPR protein 1(PPR-SMR1)and the short P-type PPR protein 2(SPR2).PPR-SMR1 interacts with SPR2,and both proteins are required for the splicing of many introns in mitochondria,including nad2 intron 1,2,and 4.These results suggest that a PPR21-(PPR-SMR1/SPR2)-EMP12 complex is involved in the splicing of nad2 introns in maize mitochondria.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273310)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LY22F030006,LZ24F030009)
文摘The increased demand for personalized customization calls for new production modes to enhance collaborations among a wide range of manufacturing practitioners who unnecessarily trust each other.In this article,a blockchain-enabled manufacturing collaboration framework is proposed,with a focus on the production capacity matching problem for blockchainbased peer-to-peer(P2P)collaboration.First,a digital model of production capacity description is built for trustworthy and transparent sharing over the blockchain.Second,an optimization problem is formulated for P2P production capacity matching with objectives to maximize both social welfare and individual benefits of all participants.Third,a feasible solution based on an iterative double auction mechanism is designed to determine the optimal price and quantity for production capacity matching with a lack of personal information.It facilitates automation of the matching process while protecting users'privacy via blockchainbased smart contracts.Finally,simulation results from the Hyperledger Fabric-based prototype show that the proposed approach increases social welfare by 1.4%compared to the Bayesian game-based approach,makes all participants profitable,and achieves 90%fairness of enterprises.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2023YFA1608304 and No.2023YFA1608300)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0550100 and XDB0550000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant Nos.12090041,12090040,11903054,12422303,and 12261141690)。
文摘The Si Tian project,designed to utilize 60 telescopes distributed across multiple sites in China,is a next-generation timedomain survey initiative.As a pathfinder for the Si Tian project,the Mini-Si Tian(MST)has been proposed and implemented to test the Si Tian’s brain and data pipeline,and to evaluate the feasibility of its technology and science cases.Mounted at the Xinglong Observatory,the MST project comprises three 30 cm telescopes and has been operated since 2022 November.Each telescope of the MST possesses a large field of view,covering 2°.29×1°.53 FOV,and is equipped withg',r'andi'filters,respectively.Acting as the pioneer of the forthcoming Si Tian project,the MST is dedicated to the discovery of variable stars,transients,and outburst events,and has already obtained some interesting scientific results.In this paper,we will summarize the first-two-year operation of the MST project.
文摘Revealing the structure evolution of interfacial active species during a dynamic catalytic process is a challenging but pivotal issue for the rational design of high-performance catalysts.Here,we successfully prepare sub-nanometric Pt clusters(~0.8 nm)encapsulated within the defects of CeO_(2)nanorods via an in-situ defect engineering methodology.The as-prepared Pt@d-CeO_(2)catalyst significantly boosts the activity and stability in the water-gas shift(WGS)reaction compared to other analogs.Based on controlled experiments and complementary(in-situ)spectroscopic studies,a reversible encapsulation induced by active site transformation between the Pt^(2+)-terminal hydroxyl and Pt^(δ+)-O vacancy species at the interface is revealed,which enables to evoke the enhanced performance.Our findings not only offer practical guidance for the design of high-efficiency catalysts but also bring a new understanding of the exceptional performance of WGS in a holistic view,which shows a great application potential in materials and catalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172468,82372436)Outstanding Youth Fund of Jiangsu Province(BK2024047)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023T160553)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX22-1819).
文摘Cellular senescence and its senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP)represent a pivotal role in the development of skeletal diseases.Targeted elimination or rejuvenation of senescent cells has shown potential as a therapeutic strategy to reverse age-related skeletal senescence and promote bone regeneration.Meanwhile,other age-related mechanisms,involving altered cellular functions,impaired intercellular crosstalk,disturbed tissue microenvironment,and decreased regenerative capacity,synergistically contribute to the pathogenesis.In this review,we outline the cellular senescence and other age-related mechanisms in developing skeletal diseases,including osteoporosis,intervertebral disc degeneration,osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis,bone tumors and ankylosing spondylitis,with the aim of comprehensively understanding their detrimental effects on the aged skeleton and screening the potential targets for anti-aging therapy within the skeletal system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272791 and 32072651)the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-23)+1 种基金the Joint Fund for Innovation Enhancement of Liaoning Province,China(2021-NLTS-11-01)the support program for Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents,China(RC210293)。
文摘Abscisic acid(ABA)plays a key role in promoting the growth and development of plants,as well as mediating the responses of plants to adverse environmental conditions.Here,we measured the photosynthetic capacity of wild-type RR,mutant sitiens(sit),and ABA-pretreated sit tomato seedlings following exposure to low-temperature(LT)stress.We found that the net photosynthetic rate,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of sit seedlings were lower than those of RR seedlings under LT stress.The chloroplast width,area,and number of osmiophilic granules were significantly larger in sit seedlings than in RR seedlings,while the chloroplast length/width ratio was significantly lower in sit seedlings than in RR seedlings.The photochemical activity of sit seedlings was lower,and the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in sit seedlings was altered following exposure to LT stress.ABA pretreatment significantly alleviated the above phenomenon.We also conducted an RNA sequencing analysis and characterized the expression patterns of genes in tomato seedlings following exposure to LT stress.We constructed 15 cDNA libraries and identified several differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis,plant hormone signaling transduction,and primary and secondary metabolism.Additional analyses of genes encoding transcription factors and proteins involved in photosynthesis-related processes showed pronounced changes in expression under LT stress.Luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that WRKY22 regulates the expression of PsbA.The PSII of WRKY22 and PsbA-silenced plants was inhibited.Our findings indicate that ABA plays a role in regulating the process of photosynthesis and protecting PSII in tomato under LT stress through the WRKY22-PsbA complex.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000058)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP622003)。
文摘The prebiotic effects of hyaluronan(HA)are widely recognized,contributing to improved gut health and immune modulation.Despite its extensive use as dietary supplement,the specific interactions between HA oligosaccharides(o-HAs)and the gut microbiome remain largely unexplored.To investigate its role and metabolic fate in gut homeostasis,200 mg/day of o-HAs(average molecule weight 1 kDa)were added to an automated computer-controlled SIMulator of the Gastrointestinal tract(SIMGI).The results revealed a significant reshaping of the intestinal flora composition by o-HAs,notably reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio.Fermentation of o-HAs by gut microbiota significantly increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium,Prevotellaceae_Prevotella,Dialister,Eubacterium,and Sutterella,but decreased that of Catenibacterium,Oscillospira,Klebsiella,and Citrobacter(P<0.05).This corresponded with significant enhancements in the content of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)such as acetic acid,propionic acid and n-butyric acid,highlighting the significant impact of o-HAs at the genus level.Furthermore,analysis of microbial function predicted the downregulation of pathological events in nine human diseases,particularly infectious ones(parasitic and bacterial).Potential inhibitions were observed in metabolic pathways associated with pentose and glucuronate interconversions as well as cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance.These findings underscore the in vitro prebiotic effects of o-HAs and their potential relevance in managing diverticular diseases or preventing metabolic disorders through the regulation of gut microbiota.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42371315,No.41901213。
文摘Social networks are vital for building the livelihood resilience of rural households.However,the impact of social networks on rural household livelihood resilience remains em-pirically underexplored,and most existing studies do not disaggregate social networks into different dimensions,which limits the understanding of specific mechanisms.Based on 895 household samples collected in China's Dabie Mountains and structural equation modeling,this paper explored the pathway to enhance livelihood resilience through social networks by dis-aggregating it into five dimensions:network size,interaction intensity,social cohesion,social support,and social learning.The results indicate that:(1)Livelihood assets,adaptive capacity and safety nets significantly contribute to livelihood resilience,whereas sensitivity negatively affects it.Accessibility to basic services has no significant relationship with livelihood resilience in the study area.(2)Social networks and their five dimensions positively impact livelihood re-silience,with network support having the greatest impact.Therefore,both the government and rural households should recognize and enhance the role of social networks in improving liveli-hood resilience under frequent disturbances.These findings have valuable implications for mitigating the risks of poverty recurrence and contributing to rural revitalization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62027812 and 62273186).
文摘17β-Trenbolone(17-TB)is well documented as an environmental endocrine disruptor in aquatic biological studies,but its effects on mammals remain poorly understood.Furthermore,17-TB acts as a hormone with properties similar to testosterone,and the consequences of juvenile exposure on adult social behavior remain uncertain.Bisphenol A(BPA)acts as an estrogen-like hormone,compared to 17-TB.Three-week-old male Balb/c mice were exposed orally to 17-TB(100μg/(kg·day))and BPA(4 mg/(kg·day))for 28 days.Assessments of social interactions and a three-chamber test showed that 17-TB increased virility in male mice,intensified both male and female sexual behavior,and attracted and accepted female mice.It also increased social dominance through tube tests inmalemice and markedly activated the c-Fos^(+)immune response in themedial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)and basal amygdala(BLA).ELISA data showed that 17-TB and BPA exposure significantly affected serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH),growth hormone(GH),estradiol(E2),and luteinizing hormone(LH)levels,as well as testicular lesions and androgen receptor(ARβ)and estrogen receptor(ERα)synthesis.Testicular transcriptomic analysis further confirmed that could disrupt steroid synthesis and linoleic acid-related biometabolic processes.These findings suggest the influence of 17-TB and BPA exposure on sexual behavior and fertility in male mice,possibly through modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.This study provides insights relevant to human reproductive health and neuro-social behavioral research,and the potential risk of environmental disturbances should not be overlooked.
基金co-supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFB4600500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52235006)
文摘High-performance 24CrNiMo steel was fabricated using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). Subsequent quenching treatment was applied and the influence of quenching temperatures on micro-structure evolution and properties was systematically characterised and analysed. The micro-structure of the as-built steel consisted of two parts. The first part comprised martensite with twins combined with ω-Fe nano-particles, and the second part consisted of lower bainite in the molten pool, as well as upper bainite, granular bainite and tempered martensite in the heat-affected zone. With the quenching temperatures varying from 800℃ to 950℃, the micro-structure gradually transformed from acicular ferrite + martensite to tempered martensite +θ-Fe3C carbides, and the grain size exhibited noticeable growth. Moreover, quenching treatments could eliminate the anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the micro-structure. The rod-shaped nanosized η-Fe2C and θ-Fe3C precipitates were clearly observed, which were converted from ω-Fe and distributed at multiple angles in the lath. The size and number of nano-precipitates, triggered by the high self-tempering degree of martensite, gradually increased. The relationships among grain size, the twins, dislocation density and nano-precipitation and the dramatically improved performance of quenched samples were analysed using strengthening mechanisms. After quenching at 850℃, the as-built 24CrNiMo steel attained ultra-high mechanical properties including hardness, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Elongation (El) and impact energy with values of 480.9 HV_(1), 1611.4 MPa, 9.8% and 42.8 J, respectively. Meanwhile, both the wear and thermal fatigue resistance increased by approximately 40%. This study demonstrated that LPBF-fabricated 24CrNiMo steel, with matching good performances, can be achieved using a subsequent one-step quenching process.
基金supported by grant from the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province 2022C04034(to Jinzhi Zhang,Junli Zhu and Haifeng Wang)the Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFD1300602(to Haifeng Wang)。
文摘Background Aflatoxins have been reported as a significant pollutant in feed,capable of causing harm to the liver,gastrointestinal tract and kidneys of piglets.However,research on the interactions among aflatoxin B1(AFB1),bile acid(BA)metabolism and gut microbiota is limited.Methods In this study,piglets were treated with AFB1 and antibiotics(ABX)to evaluate the interaction between AFB1 and gut microbiota.Subsequently,the roles of the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)and sterol 12α-hydroxylase(CYP8B1)in AFB1 absorption were studied by using FXR agonists obeticholic acid(OCA)and Cyp8b1-knockout(KO)mice,respectively.Result AFB1 inhibited bile salt hydrolase(BSH)activity in ileal microbiota,downregulated ileal FXR expression,and upregulated CYP8B1 expression in liver,increasing the proportion of 12α-OH BAs and potentially enhancing AFB1 absorption.ABX treatment reduced AFB1 absorption and liver damage,and unexpectedly increased BSH activity,counteracting the AFB1-induced downregulation of FXR and upregulation of CYP8B1.OCA reactivated ileal FXR,reduced AFB1 absorption,and alleviated liver damage.Furthermore,Cyp8b1-KO mice showed increased resistance to AFB1-induced liver damage by lowering AFB1 absorption.Conclusions These results underscore the significance of gut microbiota and BAs in AFB1 absorption,suggesting new strategies to mitigate health risks from AFB1 in piglets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20293).
文摘Harnessing the redox potential of biochar to activate airborne O_(2)for contaminant removal is challenging.In this study,ferrihydrite(Fh)modified the boron(B),nitrogen(N)co-doped biochars(BCs)composites(Fh/B(n)NC)were developed for enhancing the degradation of a model pollutant,tetracycline(TC),merely by airborne O_(2).Fh/B(3)NC showed excellent O_(2)activation activity for efficient TC degradation with a apparent TC degradation rate of 5.54,6.88,and 22.15 times that of B(3)NC,Fh,and raw BCs,respectively,where 1O_(2)and H_(2)O_(2)were identified as the dominant ROS for TC degradation.The B incorporation into the carbon lattice of Fh/B(3)NC promoted the generation of electron donors,sp2 C and the reductive B species,hence boosting Fe(III)reduction and 1O_(2)generation.O_(2)adsorption was enhanced due to the positively charged adsorption sites(C-B+and N-C+).And 1O_(2)was generated via Fe(II)catalyzed low-efficient successive one-electron transfer(O_(2)→O_(2)·−→1O_(2),H_(2)O_(2)),as well as biochar catalyzed high-efficient two-electron transfer(O_(2)→H_(2)O_(2)→1O_(2))that does not involve.O_(2)−as the intermediate.Moreover,Fh/B,N co-doped biochar showed a wide pH range,remarkable anti-interference capabilities,and effective detoxification.These findings shed new light on the development of environmentally benign BCs materials capable of degradading organic pollutants.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42361017)the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program-Special Program for Key Research and Development(R&D)on Ecological Civilization Construction in Gansu Province(24YFFA050)the Gansu Agricultural University-Gansu Provincial Academy of Natural Resources Planning Joint Graduate Training Base Project(GAU2024-003)。
文摘The Loess Plateau(LP),one of the most ecologically fragile regions in China,is affected by severe soil erosion and environmental degradation.Despite large-scale ecological restoration efforts made by Chinese government in recent years,the region continues to face significant ecological challenges due to the combined impact of climate change and human activities.In this context,we developed a kernal Remote Sensing Ecological Index(kRSEI)using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)products on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns and trends in ecological environmental quality(EEQ)across the LP from 2000 to 2022 and project future trajectories.Then,we applied partial correlation analysis and multivariate regression residual analysis to further quantify the relative contributions of climate change and human activities to EEQ.During the study period,the kRSEI values exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity,with a stepwise degradation pattern in the southeast to northwest across the LP.The maximum(0.51)and minimum(0.46)values of the kRSEI were observed in 2007 and 2021,respectively.Trend analyses revealed a decline in EEQ across the LP.Hurst exponent analysis predicted a trend of weak anti-persistent development in most of the plateau areas in the future.A positive correlation was identified between kRSEI and precipitation,particularly in the central and western regions;although,improvements were limited by a precipitation threshold of 837.66 mm/a.A moderate increase in temperature was shown to potentially benefit the ecological environment within a certain range;however,temperature of-1.00°C-7.95°C often had a negative impact on the ecosystem.Climate change and human activities jointly influenced 65.78%of LP area on EEQ,primarily having a negative impact.In terms of contribution,human activities played a dominant role in driving changes in EEQ across the plateau.These findings provide crucial insights for accurately assessing the ecological state of the LP and suggest the design of future restoration strategies.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China:2022YFC3500701。
文摘Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy(CIPN)is a common neurotoxic reaction for patients undergoing anticancer regimens.More and more studies show that acupuncture-moxibustion plays a positive role in the management and prevention of CIPN.Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture-moxibustion in patients with CIPN,with a focus on assessing its effectiveness on improving treatment response rates,alleviating pain,enhancing quality of life(QoL),and improving nerve conduction.Additionally,the study compares the differences in clinical effectiveness among various acupuncture therapies for CIPN management.Methods Six databases(PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,OVID,and China National knowledge infrastructure[CNKI])were searched from earliest available dates to December 1,2024,and only randomized controlled trials(RCTs)containing relevant search terms were included.Network meta-analysis of the RCT data were conducted to assess the effective rate of the treatment as the primary outcome.Nerve conduction,pain scores,and QoL were assessed as secondary outcomes.The version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials(RoB 2)was used to examine methodological quality,and Stata 15.1 was used to take network meta-analysis.Results A total of 34 RCTs involving 2039 participants and 9 acupuncture-moxibustion therapies were included.The network meta-analysis evaluated the effect of different acupuncture therapies across four outcomes:effective rate,pain scores,QoL,and nerve conduction.For effective rate,electroacupuncture combined with moxibustion ranked first with a surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)value of 62.9%,followed by acupoint application(56.9%)and moxibustion(52.3%).Electroacupuncture combined with moxibustion had the highest effective rate compared to standard of care treatments(odds ratio[OR]=1.62,95%confidence interval[CI]−5.18 to 8.43).For alleviating pain,auricular acupressure had the highest SUCRA value(85.9%),while electroacupuncture and electroacupuncture combined with three-edged needle ranked second(63.4%)and third(51.0%),respectively.Auricular acupressure significantly reduced pain(SMD=−1.73,95%CI−3.54 to 0.08).For QoL,warming needle ranked first(SUCRA=92.0%),followed by electroacupuncture(48.7%)and filiform needle(43.0%).Warming needle significantly improved QoL scores(SMD=−0.75,95%CI−1.66 to 0.15).For nerve conduction,electroacupuncture combined with three-edged needle had the highest SUCRA value(100%),while moxibustion and filiform needle ranked second(65.3%)and third(39.2%),respectively.Electroacupuncture combined with three-edged had the best neuroprotective effect(SMD=1.85,95%CI 1.23 to 2.47).Conclusion Network meta-analysis based on the primary outcome(effective rate)suggests that electroacupuncture combined with moxibustion seems to be the optimal acupuncture therapy for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy(CIPN).Secondary outcomes exhibited considerable heterogeneity:auricular acupressure demonstrated superior efficacy in pain relief,electroacupuncture combined with three-edged needle showed greater advantages in improving nerve conduction function,while warm needling was associated with more significant improvements in QoL.Given the variability in interventions across different outcome measures and the methodological limitations of included studies,the current evidence requires cautious interpretation.Systematic review registration:Registration number in PROSPERO:CRD42024560017.
基金The National Polar Special Program under contract Nos IRASCC 01-01-02 and IRASCC 02-02the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41976228,42276255,41976227,42176227,and 42076243+1 种基金the International Cooperation Key Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology under contract No.2022YFE0136500the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,under contract Nos JG2011,JG2211,JG2013,and JG1805.
文摘Polynyas and their adjacent seasonal ice zones(SIZs)represent the most productive regions in the Southern Ocean,supporting unique food webs that are highly sensitive to climate change.Understanding the dynamics of phytoplankton and the carbon pool in these areas is crucial for assessing the role of the Southern Ocean in global carbon cycling.During the late stage of an algal bloom,seawater samples at 14 stations were collected in the Amundsen Sea Polynya(ASP)and adjacent SIZ.Using nutrients,phytoplankton pigments,organic carbon(OC),remote sensing data,and physicochemical measurements,as well as CHEMTAX model simulations,we investigated the response of the phytoplankton crops,taxonomic composition,and OC pool to environmental factors.Our analyses revealed that hydrodynamic regimes of the polynya,adjacent SIZs and open sea were regulated by the regionally varying intrusion of Circumpolar Deep Water,photosynthetically active radiation and sea ice melt water.The ASP exhibited the highest seasonal nutrient utilization rates[ΔN=(1059±386)mmol/m^(2),ΔP=(50±17)mmol/m^(2) andΔSi=(956±904)mmol/m^(2)],while the open sea had lower rates.The integrated chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentration at depths of 0–200 m ranged from 20.4 mg/m^(2) to 1420.0 mg/m^(2) and peaked in the polynya.In the study area,Haptophytes Phaeocystis antarctica was the dominant functional group(34%±27%),and diatoms acted as a secondary contributor(23%±14%).The major functional group and particulate OC(POC)contributor varied from diatoms(36%±12%)in the open sea to haptophytes(48%±31%)in the polynya waters.Strong light conditions and microelement limitations promoted the dominance of P.antarctica(low Fe forms)dominance in the ASP.The strong correlations between the POC and Chl a depth-integrated concentration suggest that the POC was primarily derived from phytoplankton,while dissolved OC(DOC)was influenced by consumer activity and water mass transport.In addition,the transport of OC in the upper 200 m of the water column within the ASP was quantified,revealing the predominantly westward fluxes for both DOC[9.0 mg/(m^(2)·s)]and POC[7.2 mg/(m^(2)·s)].The latitudinal transport exhibited the northward transport of DOC[8.1 mg/(m^(2)·s)]and southward transport of POC[4.3 mg/(m^(2)·s)]movement.These findings have significant implications for enhancing our understanding of how hydrodynamics influence OC cycling in polynya regions.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42371315,41901213)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2020CFB856)Project of Changjiang Survey,Planning,Design and Research Co.,Ltd(No.CX2022Z23)。
文摘Investigating the ecological impact of land use change in the context of the construction of national water network project is crucial,as it is imperative for achieving the sustainable development goals of the national water network and guaranteeing regional ecological stability.Using the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area(DRA),China as the study area,this paper first examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of natural landscape patterns and ecosystem service values(ESV)in the DRA from 2000 to 2018 and then investigated the spatial clustering characteristics of the ESV using spatial statistical analysis tools.Finally,the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model was used to simulate the natural landscape and future changes in the ESV of the DRA from 2018 to 2028 under four different development scenarios:business as usual(BAU),economic development(ED),ecological protection(EP),and shoreline protection(SP).The results show that:during 2000-2018,the construction of water facilities had a significant impact on regional land use/land cover(LULC)change,with a 24830 ha increase in watershed area.ESV exhibited an increasing trend,with a significant and growing spatial clustering effect.The transformation of farmland to water bodies led to accelerated ESV growth,while the transformation of forest land to farmland led to a decrease in the ESV.Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)had the strongest effect on the ESV.ESV exhibited a continuous increase from 2018 to 2028 under all the simulation scenarios.The EP scenario had the greatest increase in ESV,while the ED scenario had the smallest increase.The findings suggest that projected land use patterns under different scenarios have varied impacts on ecosystem services(ESs)and that the management and planning of the DRA should balance social,economic,ecological,and security benefits.nomic,ecological,and security benefits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51802081,62074052,and 62104061)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(232300420145).
文摘The presence of SnZn-related defects in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)absorber results in large irreversible energy loss and extra irreversible electron-hole non-radiative recombination,thus hindering the efficiency enhancement of CZTSSe devices.Although the incorporation of Ag in CZTSSe can effectively suppress the SnZn-related defects and significantly improve the resulting cell performance,an excellent efficiency has not been achieved to date primarily owing to the poor electrical-conductivity and the low carrier density of the CZTSSe film induced by Ag substitution.Herein,this study exquisitely devises an Ag/H co-doping strategy in CZTSSe absorber via Ag substitution programs followed by hydrogen-plasma treatment procedure to suppress SnZn defects for achieving efficient CZTSSe devices.In-depth investigation results demonstrate that the incorporation of H in Ag-based CZTSSe absorber is expected to improve the poor electrical-conductivity and the low carrier density caused by Ag substitution.Importantly,the C=O and O-H functional groups induced by hydrogen incorporation,serving as an electron donor,can interact with under-coordinated cations in CZTSSe material,effectively passivating the SnZn-related defects.Consequently,the incorporation of an appropriate amount of Ag/H in CZTSSe mitigates carrier non-radiative recombination,prolongs minority carrier lifetime,and thus yields a champion efficiency of 14.74%,showing its promising application in kesterite-based CZTSSe devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0102100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20307 and 81930041)。
文摘Dysfunction of anti-tumor immune responses is crucial for cancer progression. Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB), which can potentiate T cell responses, is an effective strategy for the normalization of host anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, immune checkpoints, expressed on both tumor cells and immune cells, have been identified;some of them have exhibited potential druggability and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for clinical treatment. However, limited responses and immune-related adverse events(ir AEs) cannot be ignored. This review outlines the development and applications of ICBs, potential strategies for overcoming resistance, and future directions for ICB-based cancer immunotherapy.
