As global greenhouse gases continue rising,the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before.China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate c...As global greenhouse gases continue rising,the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before.China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate change.The evidence about the impacts of climate change on the environment and human health may encourage China to take more decisive action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate impacts.展开更多
As a Nature-Based Solution,urban forests deliver a number of environmental ecosystem services(EESs).To quantify these EESs,well-defined,reliable,quantifiable and stable indicators are needed.With literature analysis a...As a Nature-Based Solution,urban forests deliver a number of environmental ecosystem services(EESs).To quantify these EESs,well-defined,reliable,quantifiable and stable indicators are needed.With literature analysis and expert knowledge gathered within COST Action FP1204 GreenInUrbs,we proposed a classification of urban forest EESs into three categories:(A)regulation of air,water,soil and climate;(B)provisioning of habitat quality;and(C)provisioning of other goods and services.Each category is divided into EES types:(a)amelioration of air quality;restoration of soil and water;amelioration of the microclimate;removal of CO2 from the air;(b)provision of habitat for biodiversity;support for resilient urban ecosystems;provision of genetic diversity;and(c)provision of energy and nutrients;provision of grey infrastructure resilience.Each EES type provides one or more benefits.For each of these 12 benefits,we propose a set of indicators to be used when analyzing the impacts on the identified EESs.Around half of the 36 indicators are relevant to more than one single benefit,which highlights complex interrelationships.The indicators of wider applicability are tree and stand characteristics,followed by leaf physical traits and tree species composition.This knowledge is needed for the optimization of the EESs delivered by urban forests,now and in the future.展开更多
The Greater Casablanca, like the other large cities, has experienced significant urban and industrial development in recent years, this development has certainly helped develop the productive fabric, generate signific...The Greater Casablanca, like the other large cities, has experienced significant urban and industrial development in recent years, this development has certainly helped develop the productive fabric, generate significant employment opportunities for hundreds of thousands of families, but at the expense of the mobility and quality of the environment particularly those of the air. The deterioration of the air quality affects more and more the population＇s health with significant cost and damage to the community, this study aims to quantify the degree of aerosols pollution damage and also its health effects.展开更多
Herbaceous plants are an essential component of forest diversity and driver of ecosystem processes.However,because the growth forms and life-history strategies of herbaceous plants differ from those of woody plants,it...Herbaceous plants are an essential component of forest diversity and driver of ecosystem processes.However,because the growth forms and life-history strategies of herbaceous plants differ from those of woody plants,it is unclear whether the mechanisms that drive patterns plant diversity and community structure in these two plant groups are the same.In this study,we determined whether herb and woody plant communities have similar patterns and drivers of alpha-and beta-diversity.We compared species richness,distribution,and abundance of herbs to woody seedlings in a 20-ha Donglingshan warmtemperate forest(Donglingshan FDP),China.We also determined whether variation in patterns of species richness and composition are better explained by environmental or spatial variables.Herbaceous plants accounted for 72%of all species(81 herbaceous,31 woody)recorded.Alpha-and beta-diversity were higher in herbs than in woody seedlings.Although alpha-diversity of herbs and woody seedlings was not correlated across the site,the local-site contributions to beta-diversity for herbs and woody seedlings were negatively correlated.Habitat type explained slightly more variation in herb community composition than in woody seedling composition,with the highest diversity in the low-elevation slope.Environmental variables explained the variation in species richness and composition more in herbaceous plants than in woody seedlings.Our results indicate that different mechanisms drive variation in the herb and woody seedling communities,with herbs exhibiting greater environmental sensitivity and habitat dependence.These findings contribute to the better understanding of herbaceous plant diversity and composition in forest communities.展开更多
1.Introduction The global transition to green energy has created an unprecedented demand for critical metals and energy resources such as cobalt,nickel,copper,manganese,rare earth elements,and gas hydrates.Against thi...1.Introduction The global transition to green energy has created an unprecedented demand for critical metals and energy resources such as cobalt,nickel,copper,manganese,rare earth elements,and gas hydrates.Against this strategic backdrop,deep-sea mineral and energy resources are increasingly viewed as essential supplements to terrestrial supply bottlenecks and as strategic safeguards for the future low-carbon economy.The international seabed forms a vast strategic resource of global significance,offering great potential to support energy transition and security.Therefore,under sound scientific evaluation and strict regulation,prudent development of this resource should serve both economic needs and the broader goals of sustainable energy transformation[1].展开更多
Magnetic powder resin Q150 with high specific surface area of 1074 m2/g was prepared by the membrane emulsificationsuspension polymerization technique. Adsoption of tetracycline on the obtained sorbent Q150 was evalut...Magnetic powder resin Q150 with high specific surface area of 1074 m2/g was prepared by the membrane emulsificationsuspension polymerization technique. Adsoption of tetracycline on the obtained sorbent Q150 was evaluted by using the granule resin （GR） XAD-4, the powder activated carbon （PAC） 1240AC and the granule activated carbon （GAC） HD4000 for comparison. It was found that Q150 had a larger adsorption capacity, faster kinetic and easier regeneration under alkaline condition. The results suggested that the powder resin （PR） Q150 would be a promising sorbent for removing antibiotics and even other organic micropollutants from the aquatic environment.展开更多
Data for the historical years 1970 and 1995 and the FAO-Agriculture Towards 2030 projection are used to calculate N inputs (N fertilizer, animal manure, biological N fixation and atmospheric deposition) and the N expo...Data for the historical years 1970 and 1995 and the FAO-Agriculture Towards 2030 projection are used to calculate N inputs (N fertilizer, animal manure, biological N fixation and atmospheric deposition) and the N export from the field in harvested crops and grass and grass consumption by grazing animals. In most industrialized countries we see a gradual increase of the overall N recovery of the intensive agricultural production systems over the whole 1970-2030 period. In contrast, low N input systems in many developing countries sustained low crop yields for many years but at the cost of soil fertility by depleting soil nutrient pools. In most developing countries the N recovery will increase in the coming decades by increasing efficiencies of N use in both crop and livestock production systems. The surface balance surplus of N is lost from the agricultural system via different pathways, including NH3 volatilization, denitrification, N2O and NO emissions, and nitrate leaching from the root zone. Global NH3-N emissions from fertilizer and animal manure application and stored manure increased from 18 to 34 Tg·yr-1 between 1970 and 1995, and will further increase to 44 Tg·yr-1 in 2030. Similar developments are seen for N2O-N (2.0 Tg·yr-1 in 1970, 2.7 Tg·yr-1 in 1995 and 3.5 Tg·yr-1 in 2030) and NO-N emissions (1.1 Tg·yr-1 in 1970, 1.5Tg·yr-1 in 1995 and 2.0 Tg·yr-1 in 2030).展开更多
Scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations have accelerated the rate of innovation in environmental engineering technologies.However,few researchers have evaluated the current status and f...Scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations have accelerated the rate of innovation in environmental engineering technologies.However,few researchers have evaluated the current status and future trends of technologies.This paper summarizes the current research status in eight major subfields of environmental engineering—water treatment,air pollution control,soil/solid waste management,environmental biotechnology,environmental engineering equipment,emerging contaminants,synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions,and environmental risk and intelligent management—based on bibliometric analysis and future trends in greenization,low carbonization,and intelligentization.Disruptive technologies are further identified based on discontinuous transformation,and ten such technologies are proposed,covering general and specific fields,technical links,and value sources.Additionally,the background and key innovations in disruptive technologies are elucidated in detail.This study not only provides a scientific basis for strategic decision-making,planning,and implementation in the environmental engineering field but also offers methodological guidance for the research and determination of breakthrough technologies in other areas.展开更多
Understanding the aggregation and deposition behavior of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） is of great significance in terms of their fate and transport in the environment. Attachment efficiency is a widely used index for wel...Understanding the aggregation and deposition behavior of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） is of great significance in terms of their fate and transport in the environment. Attachment efficiency is a widely used index for well-dispersed CNT solutions. However, in natural waters, CNTs are usually heterogeneous in particle size. The attachment efficiency method is not applicable to such systems. Describing the dispersion stability of CNTs in natural aquatic systems is still a challenge. In this work, a settling curve modeling （SCM） method was developed for the description of the aggregation and deposition behavior of CNTs in aqueous solutions. The effects of water chemistry （natural organic matter, pH, and ionic strength） on the aggregation and deposition behavior of pristine and surface-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） were systematically studied to evaluate the reliability of the SCM method. The results showed that, as compared to particle size and optical density, the centrifugal sedimentation rate constant （ks） from the settling curve profile is a practical, useful and reliable index for the description of heterogeneous CNT suspensions. The SCM method was successfully applied to MWCNT in three natural waters. The constituents in water, especially organic matter, determine the dispersion stability of MWCNTs in natural water bodies.展开更多
This review focuses on the occurrence and interactions of engineered nanoparticles(ENPs)and brominated flame retardants(BFRs)such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in water systems and the generation of highly c...This review focuses on the occurrence and interactions of engineered nanoparticles(ENPs)and brominated flame retardants(BFRs)such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in water systems and the generation of highly complex compounds in the environment.The release of ENPs and BFRs(e.g.PBDEs)to aquatic environments during their usage and disposal are summarised together with their key interaction mechanisms.The major interaction mechanisms including electrostatic,van derWaals,hydrophobic,molecular bridging and steric,hydrogen andπ-bonding,cation bridging and ligand exchange were identified.The presence of ENPs could influence the fate and behaviour of PBDEs through the interactions as well as induced reactions under certain conditions which increases the formation of complex compounds.The interaction leads to alteration of behaviour for PBDEs and their toxic effects to ecological receptors.The intermingled compound(ENPs-BFRs)would show different behaviour from the parental ENPs or BFRs,which are currently lack of investigation.This review provided insights on the interactions of ENPs and BFRs in artificial,environmental water systems and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),which are important for a comprehensive risk assessment.展开更多
A method of size exclusion chromatography coupled with ultraviolet spectrophotometry and off-line graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was developed to assess the complexation properties of iron（Fe） and h...A method of size exclusion chromatography coupled with ultraviolet spectrophotometry and off-line graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was developed to assess the complexation properties of iron（Fe） and humic acid（HA） in a water environment. The factors affecting the complexation of Fe and HA, such as ionic strength, pH, temperature and UV radiation, were investigated. The Fe–HA complex residence time was also studied. Experimental results showed that pH could influence the deprotonation of HA and hydrolysis of Fe, and thus affected the complexation of Fe and HA. The complexation was greatly disrupted by the presence of NaCl. Temperature had some influence on the complexation. The yield of Fe–HA complexes showed a small decrease at high levels of UV radiation, but the effect of UV radiation on Fe–HA complex formation at natural levels could be neglected. It took about 10 hr for the complexation to reach equilibrium, and the Fe–HA complex residence time was about 20 hr.Complexation of Fe and HA reached a maximum level under the conditions of pH 6, very low ionic strength, in the dark and at a water temperature of about 25°C, for 10 hr. It was suggested that the Fe–HA complex could form mainly in freshwater bodies and reach high levels in the warm season with mild sunlight radiation. With changing environmental parameters, such as at lower temperature in winter or higher pH and ionic strength in an estuary, the concentration of the Fe–HA complex would decrease.展开更多
Strict air pollution control measures were conducted during the Youth Olympic Games(YOG)period at Nanjing city and surrounding areas in August 2014.This event provides a unique chance to evaluate the effect of governm...Strict air pollution control measures were conducted during the Youth Olympic Games(YOG)period at Nanjing city and surrounding areas in August 2014.This event provides a unique chance to evaluate the effect of government control measures on regional atmospheric pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.Many previous studies have observed significant reductions of atmospheric pollution species and improvement in air quality,while no study has quantified its synergism on anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions,which can be coreduced with air pollutants.To better understand to what extent these pollution control measures have reduced anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions,we conducted atmospheric CO_(2)measurements at the suburban site in Nanjing city from 1^(st) July to 30^(th) September 2014 and 1^(st) August to 31^(st) August 2015,obvious decrease in atmospheric CO_(2)was observed between YOG and the rest period.By coupling the a prioriemission inventory with atmospheric transport model,we applied the scale factor Bayesian inversion approach to derive the posteriori CO_(2)emissions in YOG period and regular period.Results indicate CO_(2)emissions from power industry decreased by 45%,and other categories also decreased by 16%for manufacturing combusting,and 37%for non-metallic mineral production.Monthly total anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions were 9.8(±3.6)×10^(9) kg/month CO_(2) for regular period and decreased to 6.2(±1.9)×10^(9) kg/month during the YOG period in Nanjing city,with a 36.7%reduction.When scaling up to whole Jiangsu Province,anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions were 7.1(±2.4)×10^(10) kg/month CO_(2)for regular period and decreased to 4.4(±1.2)×10^(10)kg/month CO_(2) during the YOG period,yielding a 38.0%reduction.展开更多
A polymetallic layer is usually developed at the bottom of the early Cambrian black shale in Guizhou Province.The mineral that makes up the polymetallic layer is related to the sedimentary facies.To analyze the differ...A polymetallic layer is usually developed at the bottom of the early Cambrian black shale in Guizhou Province.The mineral that makes up the polymetallic layer is related to the sedimentary facies.To analyze the differentiation mechanism between polymetallic deposits(Ni-Mo and V),the Zhijin Gezhongwu profile located in the outer shelf and the Sansui Haishan V deposit located in the lower slope are selected to study the in situ sulfur isotopes and trace elements of pyrite.The results show that δ^(34)S values of pyrite vary widely from−7.8‰to 28‰in the Gezhongwu profile,while the δ^(34)S values are relatively uniform(from 27.8‰to 38.4‰)in the Haishan profile.The isotopic S composition is consistent with the transition that occurs in the sedimentary phase from the shelf to the deep sea on the transgressive Yangtze platform;this indicates that the δ^(34)SO_(4)^(2−)values in seawater must be differently distributed in depositional environments.The sulfur in the Ni-Mo layer is produced after the mixing of seawater and hydrothermal fluid,while the V layer mainly originates from seawater.Overall,the Ni-Mo and V deposits have been differentiated primarily on the basis of the combined effect of continental weathering and hydrothermal fluid.展开更多
Background: Improved understanding of the processes shaping the assembly of tropical tree communities is crucial for gaining insights into the evolution of forest communities and biological diversity. The climate is t...Background: Improved understanding of the processes shaping the assembly of tropical tree communities is crucial for gaining insights into the evolution of forest communities and biological diversity. The climate is thought to be the first order determinant of abundance and distribution patterns of tree species with contrasting traits such as evergreen and deciduous leaf phenology. However, the relative role of neutral, and niche-based processes in the evolution of these patterns remain poorly understood.Methods: Here, we perform an integrated analysis of the data on tree species abundance, functional traits and community phylogeny from a network of 96 forest plots, each 1 ha in size, distributed along a broad environmental gradient in the central Western Ghats, India. Then, we determine the relative importance of various process in assembly and structuring of tropical forest communities with evergreen and deciduous leaf phenology.Results: The deciduous leaf phenological trait has repeatedly evolved among multiple distantly related lineages. Tree communities in dry deciduous forests were phylogenetically clustered and showed a low range and variance of functional traits related to light harvesting, reproduction, and growth suggesting niche-based processes such as environmental filtering play a vital role in the assembly of tree communities in these forests. The external factors such as human-mediated disturbance also significantly, but to a lesser extent, influences the species and phylogenetic turnover.Conclusions: These findings revealed that the environmental filtering plays a significant role in assembly of tree communities in the biologically diverse tropical forests in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot.展开更多
The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is not only a unique natural landscape in desert but also an important passageway. Nowadays, the ecologic environment of the corridor is getting worse and wor...The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is not only a unique natural landscape in desert but also an important passageway. Nowadays, the ecologic environment of the corridor is getting worse and worse due to man’s economic activities and the lack of knowledge of the importance of the environment, which is one of is the three environment problems in Xinjiang. The corridor is in great need of planning and managing.展开更多
In the context of global degradation and loss of natural wetlands,waterbirds have been increasingly using artificial wetlands as alternative habitats.However,waterbirds are facing various threats in these artificial w...In the context of global degradation and loss of natural wetlands,waterbirds have been increasingly using artificial wetlands as alternative habitats.However,waterbirds are facing various threats in these artificial wetlands,due to dramatic environmental changes induced by anthropogenic activities.Exploring the effects of these changes on the temporal dynamics of the waterbird communities can help understand how waterbirds adapt to environmental changes and thus formulate effective management and conservation plans.In this study,we carried out field surveys on waterbirds and environmental factors across 20 subsidence wetlands created by underground coal mining in the Huainan coal mining area in the breeding seasons of 2016 and 2021.We predicted that the waterbird assemblages(i.e.,number of individuals,species richness,Shannon-Wiener diversity,Pielou evenness and species composition) differed between the two years,and that these differences were correlated with the temporal changes in environmental factors.Across the surveyed wetlands,we recorded 26 waterbird species in 2016 and 23 in 2021.For individual wetlands,the number of waterbird individuals and species richness increased by 71.6% and 20.1%,respectively,over the five years,with no changes in Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou evenness.The overall increase in the number of bird individuals was mainly caused by an increase in vegetation gleaners and gulls that adapt well to anthropogenic activities.The species composition was significantly different between the two years,which was mainly caused by changes in the number of individuals of dominant species under influence of changes in human activities.For most wetlands,the temporal pairwiseβ-diversities could be explained by species turnover rather than nestedness,probably due to high mobility of waterbird species and dramatic changes in local environments.Our study suggests that waterbird communities could respond to environmental changes in subsidence wetlands,providing important implications for waterbird conservation in human-dominated artificial wetlands.展开更多
In order to compare the macrozoobenthic community and sedimentary environment with and without the presence of horseshoe crabs,the benthic macrofauna,sediment grain size,chromium(Cr),cobalt(Co),nickel(Ni),polycyclic a...In order to compare the macrozoobenthic community and sedimentary environment with and without the presence of horseshoe crabs,the benthic macrofauna,sediment grain size,chromium(Cr),cobalt(Co),nickel(Ni),polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAHs),organic carbon and nitrogen were seasonally investigated at site A(with horseshoe crab presence),sites B and C(without horseshoe crab presence)in the Crocodile Island intertidal zone in Xiamen from June 2018 to July 2019.The results showed that most of the community parameters of benthic macrofauna,population parameters of common benthic macrofauna and environmental parameters were significantly different at the sites with horseshoe crab versus non-horseshoe crab sites.A two-way ANOVA test showed that the densities of Ceratonereis erythraeensis and Sigambra hanaokai had significant site variation.Cluster and nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling(NMDS)analysis showed the community composition of benthic macrofauna was significantly different among the three sampling sites over four seasons.The mean sand content at site A(64.32%)was higher than those at site B(36.01%)and site C(18.86%).Conversely,the mean contents of silt,clay,Cr,Co,Ni,organic carbon,organic nitrogen,phenanthrene,and pyrene at site A were lower than those at site B and site C.These observations are consistent with the expected preferences of horseshoe crabs to live in areas with 60%sand content,which is associated with abundant and edible clamworms in the Crocodile Island intertidal zone,Xiamen.展开更多
The relationship between spatial patterns of macrobenthos community characteristics and environmental conditions（salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, organic matter content, sand, silt and clay） was investigated...The relationship between spatial patterns of macrobenthos community characteristics and environmental conditions（salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, organic matter content, sand, silt and clay） was investigated throughout the Gorgan Bay in June 2010. Principal components analysis（PCA） based on environmental data separated eastern and western stations. The maximum（4 500 ind./m2） and minimum（411 ind./m2） densities were observed at Stas 1 and 6, respectively. Polychaeta was the major group and Streblospio gynobranchiata was dominant species in the bay. According to Distance Based Linear Models results, macrofaunal total density was correlated with silt percentage and salinity and these two factors explaining 64% of the variability while macrofaunal community structure just correlated with salinity（22% total variation）. In general, western part of the bay showed the highest number of species and biodiversity while, the highest density was found at Sta. 1 and in the middle part of the bay. Furthermore, relationship between diversity indices and macrobenthic species with measured factors is also discussed. Our results confirm the effect of salinity as an important factor on distribution of macrobenthic fauna in south Caspian brackish waters.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82025030,No.72394404)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3702700)the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control of China(No.DQGG0401).
文摘As global greenhouse gases continue rising,the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before.China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate change.The evidence about the impacts of climate change on the environment and human health may encourage China to take more decisive action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate impacts.
基金financially supported by COST Action FP1204 GreenInUrbsPRIN project EUFORICCMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation(the Agreement No.02.A03.21.0008)
文摘As a Nature-Based Solution,urban forests deliver a number of environmental ecosystem services(EESs).To quantify these EESs,well-defined,reliable,quantifiable and stable indicators are needed.With literature analysis and expert knowledge gathered within COST Action FP1204 GreenInUrbs,we proposed a classification of urban forest EESs into three categories:(A)regulation of air,water,soil and climate;(B)provisioning of habitat quality;and(C)provisioning of other goods and services.Each category is divided into EES types:(a)amelioration of air quality;restoration of soil and water;amelioration of the microclimate;removal of CO2 from the air;(b)provision of habitat for biodiversity;support for resilient urban ecosystems;provision of genetic diversity;and(c)provision of energy and nutrients;provision of grey infrastructure resilience.Each EES type provides one or more benefits.For each of these 12 benefits,we propose a set of indicators to be used when analyzing the impacts on the identified EESs.Around half of the 36 indicators are relevant to more than one single benefit,which highlights complex interrelationships.The indicators of wider applicability are tree and stand characteristics,followed by leaf physical traits and tree species composition.This knowledge is needed for the optimization of the EESs delivered by urban forests,now and in the future.
文摘The Greater Casablanca, like the other large cities, has experienced significant urban and industrial development in recent years, this development has certainly helped develop the productive fabric, generate significant employment opportunities for hundreds of thousands of families, but at the expense of the mobility and quality of the environment particularly those of the air. The deterioration of the air quality affects more and more the population＇s health with significant cost and damage to the community, this study aims to quantify the degree of aerosols pollution damage and also its health effects.
基金financially supported by the NSF of China(3227161431870408)+3 种基金Biological Resources Programme,Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change of China(Y7206F1016)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31030000)National key basic R&D program of China(2017YFA0605100).
文摘Herbaceous plants are an essential component of forest diversity and driver of ecosystem processes.However,because the growth forms and life-history strategies of herbaceous plants differ from those of woody plants,it is unclear whether the mechanisms that drive patterns plant diversity and community structure in these two plant groups are the same.In this study,we determined whether herb and woody plant communities have similar patterns and drivers of alpha-and beta-diversity.We compared species richness,distribution,and abundance of herbs to woody seedlings in a 20-ha Donglingshan warmtemperate forest(Donglingshan FDP),China.We also determined whether variation in patterns of species richness and composition are better explained by environmental or spatial variables.Herbaceous plants accounted for 72%of all species(81 herbaceous,31 woody)recorded.Alpha-and beta-diversity were higher in herbs than in woody seedlings.Although alpha-diversity of herbs and woody seedlings was not correlated across the site,the local-site contributions to beta-diversity for herbs and woody seedlings were negatively correlated.Habitat type explained slightly more variation in herb community composition than in woody seedling composition,with the highest diversity in the low-elevation slope.Environmental variables explained the variation in species richness and composition more in herbaceous plants than in woody seedlings.Our results indicate that different mechanisms drive variation in the herb and woody seedling communities,with herbs exhibiting greater environmental sensitivity and habitat dependence.These findings contribute to the better understanding of herbaceous plant diversity and composition in forest communities.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC2815400)the Young Taishan Scholars Program(No.TSQN202507107)+1 种基金the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2025MS647)the European Commission(HORIZON MSCA-2024-PF-01,101200637).
文摘1.Introduction The global transition to green energy has created an unprecedented demand for critical metals and energy resources such as cobalt,nickel,copper,manganese,rare earth elements,and gas hydrates.Against this strategic backdrop,deep-sea mineral and energy resources are increasingly viewed as essential supplements to terrestrial supply bottlenecks and as strategic safeguards for the future low-carbon economy.The international seabed forms a vast strategic resource of global significance,offering great potential to support energy transition and security.Therefore,under sound scientific evaluation and strict regulation,prudent development of this resource should serve both economic needs and the broader goals of sustainable energy transformation[1].
基金support provided by Program for Changjiang Scholars Innovative Research Team in University and NSFC(Nos.50938004,50825802 and 51178215)Jiangsu Nature Science Fund For Distinguished Scientists(Nos.BK2010006 and BK2011032) China
文摘Magnetic powder resin Q150 with high specific surface area of 1074 m2/g was prepared by the membrane emulsificationsuspension polymerization technique. Adsoption of tetracycline on the obtained sorbent Q150 was evaluted by using the granule resin （GR） XAD-4, the powder activated carbon （PAC） 1240AC and the granule activated carbon （GAC） HD4000 for comparison. It was found that Q150 had a larger adsorption capacity, faster kinetic and easier regeneration under alkaline condition. The results suggested that the powder resin （PR） Q150 would be a promising sorbent for removing antibiotics and even other organic micropollutants from the aquatic environment.
文摘Data for the historical years 1970 and 1995 and the FAO-Agriculture Towards 2030 projection are used to calculate N inputs (N fertilizer, animal manure, biological N fixation and atmospheric deposition) and the N export from the field in harvested crops and grass and grass consumption by grazing animals. In most industrialized countries we see a gradual increase of the overall N recovery of the intensive agricultural production systems over the whole 1970-2030 period. In contrast, low N input systems in many developing countries sustained low crop yields for many years but at the cost of soil fertility by depleting soil nutrient pools. In most developing countries the N recovery will increase in the coming decades by increasing efficiencies of N use in both crop and livestock production systems. The surface balance surplus of N is lost from the agricultural system via different pathways, including NH3 volatilization, denitrification, N2O and NO emissions, and nitrate leaching from the root zone. Global NH3-N emissions from fertilizer and animal manure application and stored manure increased from 18 to 34 Tg·yr-1 between 1970 and 1995, and will further increase to 44 Tg·yr-1 in 2030. Similar developments are seen for N2O-N (2.0 Tg·yr-1 in 1970, 2.7 Tg·yr-1 in 1995 and 3.5 Tg·yr-1 in 2030) and NO-N emissions (1.1 Tg·yr-1 in 1970, 1.5Tg·yr-1 in 1995 and 2.0 Tg·yr-1 in 2030).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52388101 and 52242004)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC320760301)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(BK20220012)Excellent Research Program of Nanjing University(ZYJH005)。
文摘Scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations have accelerated the rate of innovation in environmental engineering technologies.However,few researchers have evaluated the current status and future trends of technologies.This paper summarizes the current research status in eight major subfields of environmental engineering—water treatment,air pollution control,soil/solid waste management,environmental biotechnology,environmental engineering equipment,emerging contaminants,synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions,and environmental risk and intelligent management—based on bibliometric analysis and future trends in greenization,low carbonization,and intelligentization.Disruptive technologies are further identified based on discontinuous transformation,and ten such technologies are proposed,covering general and specific fields,technical links,and value sources.Additionally,the background and key innovations in disruptive technologies are elucidated in detail.This study not only provides a scientific basis for strategic decision-making,planning,and implementation in the environmental engineering field but also offers methodological guidance for the research and determination of breakthrough technologies in other areas.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (21107045)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (BK2011575)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of China (NCET-10-0489)
文摘Understanding the aggregation and deposition behavior of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） is of great significance in terms of their fate and transport in the environment. Attachment efficiency is a widely used index for well-dispersed CNT solutions. However, in natural waters, CNTs are usually heterogeneous in particle size. The attachment efficiency method is not applicable to such systems. Describing the dispersion stability of CNTs in natural aquatic systems is still a challenge. In this work, a settling curve modeling （SCM） method was developed for the description of the aggregation and deposition behavior of CNTs in aqueous solutions. The effects of water chemistry （natural organic matter, pH, and ionic strength） on the aggregation and deposition behavior of pristine and surface-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） were systematically studied to evaluate the reliability of the SCM method. The results showed that, as compared to particle size and optical density, the centrifugal sedimentation rate constant （ks） from the settling curve profile is a practical, useful and reliable index for the description of heterogeneous CNT suspensions. The SCM method was successfully applied to MWCNT in three natural waters. The constituents in water, especially organic matter, determine the dispersion stability of MWCNTs in natural water bodies.
文摘This review focuses on the occurrence and interactions of engineered nanoparticles(ENPs)and brominated flame retardants(BFRs)such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in water systems and the generation of highly complex compounds in the environment.The release of ENPs and BFRs(e.g.PBDEs)to aquatic environments during their usage and disposal are summarised together with their key interaction mechanisms.The major interaction mechanisms including electrostatic,van derWaals,hydrophobic,molecular bridging and steric,hydrogen andπ-bonding,cation bridging and ligand exchange were identified.The presence of ENPs could influence the fate and behaviour of PBDEs through the interactions as well as induced reactions under certain conditions which increases the formation of complex compounds.The interaction leads to alteration of behaviour for PBDEs and their toxic effects to ecological receptors.The intermingled compound(ENPs-BFRs)would show different behaviour from the parental ENPs or BFRs,which are currently lack of investigation.This review provided insights on the interactions of ENPs and BFRs in artificial,environmental water systems and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),which are important for a comprehensive risk assessment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41176075)
文摘A method of size exclusion chromatography coupled with ultraviolet spectrophotometry and off-line graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was developed to assess the complexation properties of iron（Fe） and humic acid（HA） in a water environment. The factors affecting the complexation of Fe and HA, such as ionic strength, pH, temperature and UV radiation, were investigated. The Fe–HA complex residence time was also studied. Experimental results showed that pH could influence the deprotonation of HA and hydrolysis of Fe, and thus affected the complexation of Fe and HA. The complexation was greatly disrupted by the presence of NaCl. Temperature had some influence on the complexation. The yield of Fe–HA complexes showed a small decrease at high levels of UV radiation, but the effect of UV radiation on Fe–HA complex formation at natural levels could be neglected. It took about 10 hr for the complexation to reach equilibrium, and the Fe–HA complex residence time was about 20 hr.Complexation of Fe and HA reached a maximum level under the conditions of pH 6, very low ionic strength, in the dark and at a water temperature of about 25°C, for 10 hr. It was suggested that the Fe–HA complex could form mainly in freshwater bodies and reach high levels in the warm season with mild sunlight radiation. With changing environmental parameters, such as at lower temperature in winter or higher pH and ionic strength in an estuary, the concentration of the Fe–HA complex would decrease.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20200802 to Cheng Hu)the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2020YFA0607501&2019YFA0607202 to WX)+4 种基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42021004)support by Technology Foundation for Selected Overseas Chinese Scholar,Nanjing (no.013108039)the Open Research Project of Shangdianzi National Atmospheric Background Station (SDZ2020617)start-up foundation from Nanjing Forestry Universitysupport from the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.20202BAB213019).
文摘Strict air pollution control measures were conducted during the Youth Olympic Games(YOG)period at Nanjing city and surrounding areas in August 2014.This event provides a unique chance to evaluate the effect of government control measures on regional atmospheric pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.Many previous studies have observed significant reductions of atmospheric pollution species and improvement in air quality,while no study has quantified its synergism on anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions,which can be coreduced with air pollutants.To better understand to what extent these pollution control measures have reduced anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions,we conducted atmospheric CO_(2)measurements at the suburban site in Nanjing city from 1^(st) July to 30^(th) September 2014 and 1^(st) August to 31^(st) August 2015,obvious decrease in atmospheric CO_(2)was observed between YOG and the rest period.By coupling the a prioriemission inventory with atmospheric transport model,we applied the scale factor Bayesian inversion approach to derive the posteriori CO_(2)emissions in YOG period and regular period.Results indicate CO_(2)emissions from power industry decreased by 45%,and other categories also decreased by 16%for manufacturing combusting,and 37%for non-metallic mineral production.Monthly total anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions were 9.8(±3.6)×10^(9) kg/month CO_(2) for regular period and decreased to 6.2(±1.9)×10^(9) kg/month during the YOG period in Nanjing city,with a 36.7%reduction.When scaling up to whole Jiangsu Province,anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions were 7.1(±2.4)×10^(10) kg/month CO_(2)for regular period and decreased to 4.4(±1.2)×10^(10)kg/month CO_(2) during the YOG period,yielding a 38.0%reduction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42272103,92062221,42063009,U1812402)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(Grant No.Qiankehejichu–ZK[2022]common 213)the Higher Education Scientific Research Projects of the Education Department of Guizhou Province(Grant No.Qianjiaoji[2022]157).
文摘A polymetallic layer is usually developed at the bottom of the early Cambrian black shale in Guizhou Province.The mineral that makes up the polymetallic layer is related to the sedimentary facies.To analyze the differentiation mechanism between polymetallic deposits(Ni-Mo and V),the Zhijin Gezhongwu profile located in the outer shelf and the Sansui Haishan V deposit located in the lower slope are selected to study the in situ sulfur isotopes and trace elements of pyrite.The results show that δ^(34)S values of pyrite vary widely from−7.8‰to 28‰in the Gezhongwu profile,while the δ^(34)S values are relatively uniform(from 27.8‰to 38.4‰)in the Haishan profile.The isotopic S composition is consistent with the transition that occurs in the sedimentary phase from the shelf to the deep sea on the transgressive Yangtze platform;this indicates that the δ^(34)SO_(4)^(2−)values in seawater must be differently distributed in depositional environments.The sulfur in the Ni-Mo layer is produced after the mixing of seawater and hydrothermal fluid,while the V layer mainly originates from seawater.Overall,the Ni-Mo and V deposits have been differentiated primarily on the basis of the combined effect of continental weathering and hydrothermal fluid.
基金supported by the following:NSERC-Canada grant to SD,SKN received scholarship from Concordia University,Canada and International Internship from Fonds Nature et technologies(FQRNT)which is gratefully
文摘Background: Improved understanding of the processes shaping the assembly of tropical tree communities is crucial for gaining insights into the evolution of forest communities and biological diversity. The climate is thought to be the first order determinant of abundance and distribution patterns of tree species with contrasting traits such as evergreen and deciduous leaf phenology. However, the relative role of neutral, and niche-based processes in the evolution of these patterns remain poorly understood.Methods: Here, we perform an integrated analysis of the data on tree species abundance, functional traits and community phylogeny from a network of 96 forest plots, each 1 ha in size, distributed along a broad environmental gradient in the central Western Ghats, India. Then, we determine the relative importance of various process in assembly and structuring of tropical forest communities with evergreen and deciduous leaf phenology.Results: The deciduous leaf phenological trait has repeatedly evolved among multiple distantly related lineages. Tree communities in dry deciduous forests were phylogenetically clustered and showed a low range and variance of functional traits related to light harvesting, reproduction, and growth suggesting niche-based processes such as environmental filtering play a vital role in the assembly of tree communities in these forests. The external factors such as human-mediated disturbance also significantly, but to a lesser extent, influences the species and phylogenetic turnover.Conclusions: These findings revealed that the environmental filtering plays a significant role in assembly of tree communities in the biologically diverse tropical forests in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot.
文摘The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is not only a unique natural landscape in desert but also an important passageway. Nowadays, the ecologic environment of the corridor is getting worse and worse due to man’s economic activities and the lack of knowledge of the importance of the environment, which is one of is the three environment problems in Xinjiang. The corridor is in great need of planning and managing.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 31970500 and 31770571)the Excellent Youth Project of the Anhui Natural Science Foundation(grant 2108085Y09)。
文摘In the context of global degradation and loss of natural wetlands,waterbirds have been increasingly using artificial wetlands as alternative habitats.However,waterbirds are facing various threats in these artificial wetlands,due to dramatic environmental changes induced by anthropogenic activities.Exploring the effects of these changes on the temporal dynamics of the waterbird communities can help understand how waterbirds adapt to environmental changes and thus formulate effective management and conservation plans.In this study,we carried out field surveys on waterbirds and environmental factors across 20 subsidence wetlands created by underground coal mining in the Huainan coal mining area in the breeding seasons of 2016 and 2021.We predicted that the waterbird assemblages(i.e.,number of individuals,species richness,Shannon-Wiener diversity,Pielou evenness and species composition) differed between the two years,and that these differences were correlated with the temporal changes in environmental factors.Across the surveyed wetlands,we recorded 26 waterbird species in 2016 and 23 in 2021.For individual wetlands,the number of waterbird individuals and species richness increased by 71.6% and 20.1%,respectively,over the five years,with no changes in Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou evenness.The overall increase in the number of bird individuals was mainly caused by an increase in vegetation gleaners and gulls that adapt well to anthropogenic activities.The species composition was significantly different between the two years,which was mainly caused by changes in the number of individuals of dominant species under influence of changes in human activities.For most wetlands,the temporal pairwiseβ-diversities could be explained by species turnover rather than nestedness,probably due to high mobility of waterbird species and dramatic changes in local environments.Our study suggests that waterbird communities could respond to environmental changes in subsidence wetlands,providing important implications for waterbird conservation in human-dominated artificial wetlands.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0502904)。
文摘In order to compare the macrozoobenthic community and sedimentary environment with and without the presence of horseshoe crabs,the benthic macrofauna,sediment grain size,chromium(Cr),cobalt(Co),nickel(Ni),polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAHs),organic carbon and nitrogen were seasonally investigated at site A(with horseshoe crab presence),sites B and C(without horseshoe crab presence)in the Crocodile Island intertidal zone in Xiamen from June 2018 to July 2019.The results showed that most of the community parameters of benthic macrofauna,population parameters of common benthic macrofauna and environmental parameters were significantly different at the sites with horseshoe crab versus non-horseshoe crab sites.A two-way ANOVA test showed that the densities of Ceratonereis erythraeensis and Sigambra hanaokai had significant site variation.Cluster and nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling(NMDS)analysis showed the community composition of benthic macrofauna was significantly different among the three sampling sites over four seasons.The mean sand content at site A(64.32%)was higher than those at site B(36.01%)and site C(18.86%).Conversely,the mean contents of silt,clay,Cr,Co,Ni,organic carbon,organic nitrogen,phenanthrene,and pyrene at site A were lower than those at site B and site C.These observations are consistent with the expected preferences of horseshoe crabs to live in areas with 60%sand content,which is associated with abundant and edible clamworms in the Crocodile Island intertidal zone,Xiamen.
基金financially supported by the Iranian National Institute for Oceanography(INIO)
文摘The relationship between spatial patterns of macrobenthos community characteristics and environmental conditions（salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, organic matter content, sand, silt and clay） was investigated throughout the Gorgan Bay in June 2010. Principal components analysis（PCA） based on environmental data separated eastern and western stations. The maximum（4 500 ind./m2） and minimum（411 ind./m2） densities were observed at Stas 1 and 6, respectively. Polychaeta was the major group and Streblospio gynobranchiata was dominant species in the bay. According to Distance Based Linear Models results, macrofaunal total density was correlated with silt percentage and salinity and these two factors explaining 64% of the variability while macrofaunal community structure just correlated with salinity（22% total variation）. In general, western part of the bay showed the highest number of species and biodiversity while, the highest density was found at Sta. 1 and in the middle part of the bay. Furthermore, relationship between diversity indices and macrobenthic species with measured factors is also discussed. Our results confirm the effect of salinity as an important factor on distribution of macrobenthic fauna in south Caspian brackish waters.
