The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology in bridge engineering.During the research phase,based on literature collection and reading,as well as the analys...The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology in bridge engineering.During the research phase,based on literature collection and reading,as well as the analysis of bridge inspection materials,the principle of ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology and its adaptability to bridge engineering are elaborated.Subsequently,starting from the preparation work before inspection until damage assessment,the entire process of ultrasonic non-destructive testing is studied,and finally,a technical system of ultrasonic non-destructive testing for bridge engineering that runs through the entire process is formed.It is hoped that this article can provide technical reference value for relevant units in China,and promote the high-quality development of China’s bridge engineering from a macro perspective.展开更多
In the current social environment,the importance of energy conservation and emission reduction is increasing day by day for both the country and its people.Electronic and electrical products,as important items for peo...In the current social environment,the importance of energy conservation and emission reduction is increasing day by day for both the country and its people.Electronic and electrical products,as important items for people’s production and life,require high attention from industry insiders in terms of their energy efficiency testing.Relying on energy efficiency testing can achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction,and related quality control technologies will also inject new momentum into the green development of the industry.This article will discuss the practical strategies of quality control technology for energy efficiency testing of electronic and electrical products based on the significance of such testing,hoping to provide some help.展开更多
Current sway test platforms for marine nuclear equipment face challenges in meeting the GJB 150.23A requirements.This is primarily because of the performance limitations of conventional actuators under extreme marine ...Current sway test platforms for marine nuclear equipment face challenges in meeting the GJB 150.23A requirements.This is primarily because of the performance limitations of conventional actuators under extreme marine conditions.This study aimed to overcome these constraints using an innovative parallel mechanism design.We developed a novel 6-PUS parallel platform featuring six kinematic chains with hybrid series-parallel actuators.Each chain combines(1)force-speed adaptive transmission,(2)redundant motor-driven dual-screw actuation,and(3)passive load-balancing mechanisms.Comprehensive kinematic/dynamic modeling and experimental validation were conducted.Tests demonstrated the capability of the platform to achieve cyclic speeds of±45°/7 s and±30°/3 s while supporting 10-ton loads.Successful sway tests on nuclear components(reactor pressurizer and control rod drive mechanism)confirmed the operational reliability.This work presented three key innovations:(1)a new parallel-platform architecture that overcomes the limitations of conventional actuators;(2)integrated hybrid actuation with adaptive transmission;and(3)high-speed,heavy-load performance that meets stringent marine testing standards.This solution significantly advances nuclear equipment qualification testing technology.展开更多
Standardization is necessary for the early industrialization of the new materials and technology.It is achieved by having agreed practices for the measurement of properties and other characteristics.The promising use ...Standardization is necessary for the early industrialization of the new materials and technology.It is achieved by having agreed practices for the measurement of properties and other characteristics.The promising use of graphene-based materials in fields like electronics,energy,and composites has resulted in standards for their nomenclature,the measurement of key characteristics,and their specification,etc.Among these,standards for measuring the key characteristics are crucial.The critical parameters are the number of layers,the type and concentration of defects and functional groups,elemental composition,sheet resistance,and carrier mobility.Standards for characterizing these have been analyzed by the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee in ISO/TC229 and the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee in IEC/TC113.These give details of applicable or preferred samples,the fundamental principles of the techniques,specific precautions,and points for attention in the relevant standards.The pivotal role of the ISO/TC229 and IEC/TC113 standards is considered and challenges and future trends are outlined.展开更多
Converting waste plastics directly into valuable aromatic chemicals is a promising,cost-effective recycling strategy.Traditional zeolite-catalyzed cracking of polyolefins to produce aromatics often needs high temperat...Converting waste plastics directly into valuable aromatic chemicals is a promising,cost-effective recycling strategy.Traditional zeolite-catalyzed cracking of polyolefins to produce aromatics often needs high temperatures and faces issues like low selectivity for liquid aromatics,separation difficulties,and rapid catalyst deactivation due to coking.To address this,a multifunctional Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was developed to efficiently upgrade various polyolefins—including polyvinyl chloride—into gaseous alkanes(C_(1)–C_(5))and easily separable liquid aromatics(C_(6)–C_(12))at 400°C,without added solvents or hydrogen.Aromatic products make up 57.1 wt%of total output,with more than 97.8%selectivity for the liquid phase and a BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylene)selectivity of 76.1%.The high activity and selectivity for aromatics stem from synergistic interactions between Ni nanoparticles(NPs)and acid sites in the zeolite,which promote selective C–C bond breaking and control hydrogenolysis and aromatization pathways.This synergy allows precise control over the distribution of products by carbon number and favors the formation of separable aromatics.Notably,the catalyst also prevents coking by hydrogenolyzing and hydrogenating reactive intermediates before they form stable graphite-like deposits.Consequently,Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst demonstrates excellent stability,maintaining consistent aromatics yield over 13 consecutive cycles and processing over 30 times its weight in plastics without regeneration.After regeneration,the activity of the catalyst was fully restored,highlighting its potential for industrial use.This work offers valuable insights for designing durable,high-activity catalysts,providing a practical route to improve plastic recycling technologies.展开更多
Dear Editor,Lymphocyte activation gene 3(LAG3),the third established target for immune checkpoint blockade therapy,suppresses T cell function by binding to major histocompatibility complex classⅡ(MHCⅡ).Despite its s...Dear Editor,Lymphocyte activation gene 3(LAG3),the third established target for immune checkpoint blockade therapy,suppresses T cell function by binding to major histocompatibility complex classⅡ(MHCⅡ).Despite its significant therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy and the substantial attention it has received from academia and industry,the molecular mechanisms of LAG3-mediated immunosuppression remain poorly understood,primarily because of its unique ligand-binding characteristics and intracellular domains[1].展开更多
Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving...Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving the overall performance of CPEs due to their difficulty in achieving robust electrochemical and mechanical interfaces simultaneously.Here,by regulating the surface charge characteristics of halloysite nanotube(HNT),we propose a concept of lithium-ion dynamic interface(Li^(+)-DI)engineering in nano-charged CPE(NCCPE).Results show that the surface charge characteristics of HNTs fundamentally change the Li^(+)-DI,and thereof the mechanical and ion-conduction behaviors of the NCCPEs.Particularly,the HNTs with positively charged surface(HNTs+)lead to a higher Li^(+)transference number(0.86)than that of HNTs-(0.73),but a lower toughness(102.13 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs+and 159.69 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs-).Meanwhile,a strong interface compatibilization effect by Li^(+)is observed for especially the HNTs+-involved Li^(+)-DI,which improves the toughness by 2000%compared with the control.Moreover,HNTs+are more effective to weaken the Li^(+)-solvation strength and facilitate the formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interphase of Li metal compared to HNTs-.The resultant Li|NCCPE|LiFePO4cell delivers a capacity of 144.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 78.6%.This study provides deep insights into understanding the roles of surface charges of nanofillers in regulating the mechanical and electrochemical interfaces in ASSLMBs.展开更多
Over the past decade,large-scale pre-trained autoregressive and diffusion models rejuvenated the field of text-guided image generation.However,these models require enormous datasets and parameters,and their multi-step...Over the past decade,large-scale pre-trained autoregressive and diffusion models rejuvenated the field of text-guided image generation.However,these models require enormous datasets and parameters,and their multi-step generation processes are often inefficient and difficult to control.To address these challenges,we propose CAFE-GAN,a CLIP-Projected GAN with Attention-Aware Generation and Multi-Scale Discrimination,which incorporates a pretrained CLIP model along with several key architectural innovations.First,we embed a coordinate attention mechanism into the generator to capture long-range dependencies and enhance feature representation.Second,we introduce a trainable linear projection layer after the CLIP text encoder,which aligns textual embeddings with the generator’s semantic space.Third,we design a multi-scale discriminator that leverages pre-trained visual features and integrates a feature regularization strategy,thereby improving training stability and discrimination performance.Experiments on the CUB and COCO datasets demonstrate that CAFE-GAN outperforms existing text-to-image generation methods,achieving lower Fréchet Inception Distance(FID)scores and generating images with superior visual quality and semantic fidelity,with FID scores of 9.84 and 5.62 on the CUB and COCO datasets,respectively,surpassing current state-of-the-art text-to-image models by varying degrees.These findings offer valuable insights for future research on efficient,controllable text-to-image synthesis.展开更多
In recent years,the problem of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods has attracted worldwide attention.Developing rapid,simple,highly sensitive,and high-throughput veterinary drug residue detection technolo...In recent years,the problem of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods has attracted worldwide attention.Developing rapid,simple,highly sensitive,and high-throughput veterinary drug residue detection technologies has become an urgent need.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the pretreatment and analytical techniques for veterinary drug residue analysis,comparing the detection principles,operational procedures,and respective advantages and disadvantages of various detection technologies.It further explores the future development directions of veterinary drug residue detection technologies.展开更多
With the improvement of living standards and the shift in societal consumption attitudes,consumers demand for the quality of aquatic products is increasingly stringent.Freshness and quality have become primary factors...With the improvement of living standards and the shift in societal consumption attitudes,consumers demand for the quality of aquatic products is increasingly stringent.Freshness and quality have become primary factors determining consumers purchasing decisions.However,due to the high moisture content,active endogenous enzymes,and rich nutrients in aquatic products,both fresh and processed products are highly susceptible to quality deterioration during procurement,distribution,and storage,which leads to a significant decline in sensory quality and nutritional value,while also compromising safety.Today,the consumption of high-quality aquatic products has become a prevailing trend.This paper reviewed the methods for freshness evaluation and quality grading of aquatic products in terms of sensory and nutritional aspects,aiming to support the market circulation principle of"higher price for better quality"and"price based on quality",and better meeting consumer demands.Therefore,it is imperative to enhance the analysis and evaluation of aquatic product quality and to continuously refine assessment systems and methods,which is crucial for promoting industry transformation and fostering a healthy market-consumer economic cycle.展开更多
Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previo...Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previous research,providing a long-term perspective on carbonyl compound variations and their environmental implica-tions.Atmospheric observations were conducted at Beijing(BJ)and Xianghe(XH)during the summer and winter months of 2018,2019,and 2023 to study the sources and impacts of carbonyl compounds in typical urban areas and peri‑urban areas.Notably,concentrations in the summer of 2023 increased compared to 2018 and 2019.The predominant carbonyl compounds—formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,and acetone—accounted for over 60%of the total.The mean values of OFP in BJ ranged from 18.55 to 58.61μg/m3,lower than those in XH(29.82 to 65.48μg/m3),with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde contributing over 80%of the total.SOAP exhibited a similar pattern,with values in XH(69.21 to 508.55μg/m3)significantly exceeding those in BJ(34.47 to 159.78μg/m3).The PMF model highlighted vehicle exhaust,secondary pollution,and biomass combustion as major sources of carbonyl compounds,emphasizing differences in source contributions between the two regions.This study’s com-parative analysis over different years and locations provides new insights into the dynamic changes in carbonyl compounds and their environmental importance.These results not only reinforce the importance of carbonyl compounds regulation but also offer a valuable reference for evaluating and refining emission control strategies during this period.展开更多
Both genders of the dioecious gymnosperm Ginkgo bilob a have distinct practical production and application uses,so quick,accurate identification of males and females is important for early seedling breeding.To develop...Both genders of the dioecious gymnosperm Ginkgo bilob a have distinct practical production and application uses,so quick,accurate identification of males and females is important for early seedling breeding.To develop a fast method to identify the sexes,we used the Easy DNA extraction(EZ-D)method to extract DNA from leaves within1 min for use with the recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow dipstick(RPA-LFD)system and identify the sex.A portable nucleic acid detection card kit(PNADCK)was used for on-site analysis.This method facilitates rapid extraction of nucleic acids from a single and can accurately detect 100 pg/μL of G.biloba female genomic DNA within20 min at 39°C.The EZ-DRPA-LFD-PNADCK system enables precise on-site determination of G.bilob a leaf sex and is rapid,efficient,sensitive,and convenient,greatly enhancing productivity for G.biloba because seedlings with specific sex characteristics can be selected at an earlier stage,planting strategies can be optimized,and production efficiency improved.展开更多
Acetolactate synthase(ALS)-targeting herbicides are among the most widely used weed-control chemicals globally.Mutations in the ALS gene can confer herbicide resistance in crops,thereby allowing selective elimination ...Acetolactate synthase(ALS)-targeting herbicides are among the most widely used weed-control chemicals globally.Mutations in the ALS gene can confer herbicide resistance in crops,thereby allowing selective elimination of weeds without harming crops.Herbicide-resistant ALS alleles were initially discovered in weeds and subsequently developed through artificial mutagenesis techniques.With the advancement of CRISPR/Cas technologies,various genome-editing tools are now available to introduce these resistant alleles,as well as novel variants,into diverse crop species.Moreover,emerging methodologies,such as directed evolution,enable the generation and screening of large populations of random ALS mutants.Consequently,ALS has become one of the most extensively targeted genes in plant gene evolution.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of both conventional and recently developed strategies for ALS evolution,with particular emphasis on CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing and directed evolution.Future perspectives on technological application are also discussed.By advancing our understanding of herbicide-resistant ALS allele development for crop improvement,these methodologies may also pave the way for their application to the evolution of other agronomically important genes.展开更多
Objectives:High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC),the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC),exhibits a mesenchymal phenotype characterized by fibrotic stroma and poor prognosis.Human epididymis protei...Objectives:High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC),the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC),exhibits a mesenchymal phenotype characterized by fibrotic stroma and poor prognosis.Human epididymis protein 4(HE4),a key diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer,is involved in fibrotic processes in several non-malignant diseases.Given the clinical significance of stromal fibrosis in HGSOC and the potential link between HE4 and fibrosis,this study aimed to investigate the role of HE4 in the formation of stromal fibrosis in HGSOC.Methods:A total of 126 patients with gynecological conditions were included and divided into normal,benign,and EOC groups.Tissue stiffness was quantitatively measured and analyzed for its correlation with clinicopathological features.We further investigated the correlation between tumor stiffness and the expression levels of HE4 and fibroblast activation markers(α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and fibroblast activation protein(FAP))in tumor tissues from 22 HGSOC patients.In vitro,primary fibroblasts were treated with recombinant HE4(rHE4)or conditioned media from HE4-knockdown ovarian cancer cells to assess fibroblasts activation and matrix contractility(Collagen gel contraction assays).In vivo,a subcutaneous xenograft model using HE4-knockdown cells was established to evaluate the effects of HE4 suppression on tumor growth and extensive extracellular matrix(ECM)remodeling.Results:Ovarian cancer tissues showed significantly increased stiffness compared to benign/normal groups,showing positive correlation with serum HE4 levels.High-stiffness HGSOC tumors exhibited upregulated expression of HE4,α-SMA,FAP,and collagen I.rHE4 stimulated fibroblast activation and enhanced matrix contractility,whereas HE4 knockdown in cancer cells abrogated these pro-fibrotic effects.In vivo,HE4-silenced xenografts displayed restricted tumor growth accompanied by reduced stromal expression ofα-SMA,FAP,and collagen I.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that HE4 may facilitate ECM remodeling in HGSOC through promoting fibroblast activation and increasing collagen deposition.展开更多
Background:The aim of the study was to develop a non-human primate model of metabolic dysfunction in Macaca fascicularis using chronic high-fat diet(HFD)to mimic clinical disease progression.Methods:Thirty-five male m...Background:The aim of the study was to develop a non-human primate model of metabolic dysfunction in Macaca fascicularis using chronic high-fat diet(HFD)to mimic clinical disease progression.Methods:Thirty-five male macaques aged 10-15 years underwent an 18-month HFD intervention.Physiological parameters(BMI,BP,hematology),liver fat fraction(evaluated by ultrasound/MRI),cardiac function(assessed by echocardiography),and histopathology(using liver biopsy)were measured before and after the intervention.Serum proteomics with KEGG/STRING analyses identified molecular mechanisms.Results:Within 6 months,HFD induced dyslipidemia(elevated TG,TCHO,HDL-C,LDL-C).After 18 months,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)was confirmed by histopathology in 57.14%(16/28)of macaques,diabetes(elevated FPG/HbA1c)in 17.86%(5/28),and myocardial hypertrophy(elevated LVMass/LAD)in 46.43%(13/28).Proteomics identified Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase(BAAT)as a MASH hallmark protein,the level of which was inversely correlated with the degree of fibrosis.For diabetes,citrate synthase(CS)and malate dehydrogenase 1(MDH1)impaired glucose oxidation via the TCA cycle,while hexose-6-phosphate de-hydrogenase(H6PD)disrupted gluconeogenesis.Myocardial hypertrophy was associ-ated with the downregulation of SRC proto-oncogene,non-receptor tyrosine kinase(SRC),mitogen-activated protein kinase 14(MAPK14),emerin(EMD),and integrin subunit beta 1(ITGB1).Conclusions:An 18-month HFD successfully established a translational M.fascicula-ris model replicating key metabolic disorders(MASH,diabetes,cardiac hypertrophy).BAAT,CS/MDH1/H6PD,and SRC/MAPK14/EMD/ITGB1 were identified as mecha-nistic biomarkers for these conditions.展开更多
A new equivalent center of mass model of FPBs (friction pendulum bearings) is introduced, and based on this model, coefficient j of the equivalent center of mass separating from the sliding surface is defined. It is t...A new equivalent center of mass model of FPBs (friction pendulum bearings) is introduced, and based on this model, coefficient j of the equivalent center of mass separating from the sliding surface is defined. It is thought in theory that j has a significant impact on the isolation parameter of FPBs, since the equivalent post-yielding stiffness and friction coefficients are not simply determined by sliding radius and sliding friction pairs. The results of numerical simulation analysis using ABAQUS conducted on two groups of FPBs support this viewpoint. For FPBs with the same sliding radius and sliding friction pairs, the FPB modules of structural analysis software such as ETABS could only distinguish the equivalent transformation using j one by one. The seismic response data obtained in a base isolation calculation example of FPBs are very different, which reveals that j’s impact on the isolation effectiveness of FPBs cannot be ignored. The introduction of j will help improve the classical structural theory of FPBs and the weak points of structural analysis software based on this theory, which is important in achieving more accurate analyses in structural design.展开更多
This study addresses the changes in acceleration,pore water pressure and Fourier spectrums of different types of seismic waves with various amplitudes via large-scale shaking table tests from two sites:a sand-containi...This study addresses the changes in acceleration,pore water pressure and Fourier spectrums of different types of seismic waves with various amplitudes via large-scale shaking table tests from two sites:a sand-containing regional site and an all-clay site.Comparative analyses of the test results show that the pore water pressures in sand-soil layers of the regional site initially increase and then decrease as the amplitudes of the seismic accelerations increase.The actions of the vertical and vibrational seismic waves contribute to greater pore water pressures.The amplification coefficient of the sand-layer regional site becomes smaller as the seismic waves grow stronger,so that both sites are capable of filtering high frequencies and amplifying low frequencies of seismic waves.This is more apparent with the increase in the peak value of the acceleration,and the natural vibration frequencies of both sites decrease with the transmission of the seismic waves from the basement to the ground surface.The decreasing frequency value of the sand-containing regional site is smaller than that of the all-clay site.展开更多
Face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) high entropy alloys (HEAs) are attracting more and more attention owing to their excellent strength and ductility synergy, irradiation resistance, etc. However, the yield strength of f.c.c...Face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) high entropy alloys (HEAs) are attracting more and more attention owing to their excellent strength and ductility synergy, irradiation resistance, etc. However, the yield strength of f.c.c. HEAs is generally low, significantly limiting their practical applications. Recently, the alloying of W has been evidenced to be able to remarkably improve the mechanical properties of f.c.c. HEAs and is becoming a hot topic in the community of HEAs. To date, when W is introduced, multiple strengthening mechanisms, including solid-solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening (μphase,σphase, and b.c.c. phase), and grain-refinement strengthening, have been discovered to be activated or enhanced. Apart from mechanical properties, the addition of W improves corrosion resistance as W helps to form a dense WO_(3) film on the alloy surface. Until now, despite the extensive studies in the literature, there is no available review paper focusing on the W doping of the f.c.c. HEAs. In that context, the effects of W doping on f.c.c. HEAs were reviewed in this work from three aspects, i.e., microstructure,mechanical property, and corrosion resistance. We expect this work can advance the application of the W alloying strategy in the f.c.c. HEAs.展开更多
With increasing industrial activities,mercury has been largely discharged into environment and caused serious environmental problems.The growing level of mercury pollution has become a huge threat to human health due ...With increasing industrial activities,mercury has been largely discharged into environment and caused serious environmental problems.The growing level of mercury pollution has become a huge threat to human health due to its significant biotoxicity.Therefore,the simple and fast means for on-site monitoring discharged mercury pollution are highly necessary to protect human beings from its pernicious effects in time.Herein,a"turn off"fluorescent biosensor(mCherry L199 C)for sensing Hg2+was successfully designed based on direct modification of the chromophore environment of fluorescent protein mCherry.For rapid screening and characterization,the designed variant of mCherry(mCherry L199 C)was directly expressed on outer-membrane of Escherichia coli cells by cell surface display technique.The fluorescent biosensor was characterized to have favorable response to Hg2+at micromole level among other metal ions and over a broad pH range.Further,the cells of the fluorescent biosensor were encapsulated in alginate hydrogel to develop the cells-alginate hydrogel-based paper.The cells-alginate hydrogel-based paper could detect mercury pollution in 5 min with simple operation process and inexpensive equipment,and it could keep fluorescence and activity stable at 4℃ for 24 hr,which would be a high-throughput screening tool in preliminarily reporting the presence of mercury pollution in natural setting.展开更多
The electromagnetic environment of laneways in underground coal mines is an important area for the design of new electronic products,as well as a fundamental space for mine monitoring,surveillance,communications and c...The electromagnetic environment of laneways in underground coal mines is an important area for the design of new electronic products,as well as a fundamental space for mine monitoring,surveillance,communications and control systems.An investigation of electromagnetic interference in coal mines is essential for the enhancement of performances of these systems.In this study,a new field method is provided in which radiated emission tests in coal mine laneways have been carried out.We conclude that:1) the wiring motor vehicles can radiate interference with a bandwidth up to 1 GHz and with an amplitude 10 dBμV/m higher than the background noise;2) the PHS(Personal Handy phone System) mobile communication system can cause interference 40 dBμV/m higher than the background noise;3) an interference 25 dBμV/m higher than the background noise can be generated during the communication at a working bandwidth of 48.8 MHz;and 4) power cables,battery vehicles as well as mechanical and electrical dong rooms have little effect on the electromagnetic radiation environment in coal mine tunnels.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology in bridge engineering.During the research phase,based on literature collection and reading,as well as the analysis of bridge inspection materials,the principle of ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology and its adaptability to bridge engineering are elaborated.Subsequently,starting from the preparation work before inspection until damage assessment,the entire process of ultrasonic non-destructive testing is studied,and finally,a technical system of ultrasonic non-destructive testing for bridge engineering that runs through the entire process is formed.It is hoped that this article can provide technical reference value for relevant units in China,and promote the high-quality development of China’s bridge engineering from a macro perspective.
文摘In the current social environment,the importance of energy conservation and emission reduction is increasing day by day for both the country and its people.Electronic and electrical products,as important items for people’s production and life,require high attention from industry insiders in terms of their energy efficiency testing.Relying on energy efficiency testing can achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction,and related quality control technologies will also inject new momentum into the green development of the industry.This article will discuss the practical strategies of quality control technology for energy efficiency testing of electronic and electrical products based on the significance of such testing,hoping to provide some help.
基金Supported by Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.
文摘Current sway test platforms for marine nuclear equipment face challenges in meeting the GJB 150.23A requirements.This is primarily because of the performance limitations of conventional actuators under extreme marine conditions.This study aimed to overcome these constraints using an innovative parallel mechanism design.We developed a novel 6-PUS parallel platform featuring six kinematic chains with hybrid series-parallel actuators.Each chain combines(1)force-speed adaptive transmission,(2)redundant motor-driven dual-screw actuation,and(3)passive load-balancing mechanisms.Comprehensive kinematic/dynamic modeling and experimental validation were conducted.Tests demonstrated the capability of the platform to achieve cyclic speeds of±45°/7 s and±30°/3 s while supporting 10-ton loads.Successful sway tests on nuclear components(reactor pressurizer and control rod drive mechanism)confirmed the operational reliability.This work presented three key innovations:(1)a new parallel-platform architecture that overcomes the limitations of conventional actuators;(2)integrated hybrid actuation with adaptive transmission;and(3)high-speed,heavy-load performance that meets stringent marine testing standards.This solution significantly advances nuclear equipment qualification testing technology.
文摘Standardization is necessary for the early industrialization of the new materials and technology.It is achieved by having agreed practices for the measurement of properties and other characteristics.The promising use of graphene-based materials in fields like electronics,energy,and composites has resulted in standards for their nomenclature,the measurement of key characteristics,and their specification,etc.Among these,standards for measuring the key characteristics are crucial.The critical parameters are the number of layers,the type and concentration of defects and functional groups,elemental composition,sheet resistance,and carrier mobility.Standards for characterizing these have been analyzed by the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee in ISO/TC229 and the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee in IEC/TC113.These give details of applicable or preferred samples,the fundamental principles of the techniques,specific precautions,and points for attention in the relevant standards.The pivotal role of the ISO/TC229 and IEC/TC113 standards is considered and challenges and future trends are outlined.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1501700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272114)+2 种基金the Funding for Hundred Talent Program(20822041E4079)the Fundamental Research Funds from Sichuan University(2022SCUNL103)This work has also been supported by SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.via collaborative project No.36800000-24-ZC0607-0175.
文摘Converting waste plastics directly into valuable aromatic chemicals is a promising,cost-effective recycling strategy.Traditional zeolite-catalyzed cracking of polyolefins to produce aromatics often needs high temperatures and faces issues like low selectivity for liquid aromatics,separation difficulties,and rapid catalyst deactivation due to coking.To address this,a multifunctional Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was developed to efficiently upgrade various polyolefins—including polyvinyl chloride—into gaseous alkanes(C_(1)–C_(5))and easily separable liquid aromatics(C_(6)–C_(12))at 400°C,without added solvents or hydrogen.Aromatic products make up 57.1 wt%of total output,with more than 97.8%selectivity for the liquid phase and a BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylene)selectivity of 76.1%.The high activity and selectivity for aromatics stem from synergistic interactions between Ni nanoparticles(NPs)and acid sites in the zeolite,which promote selective C–C bond breaking and control hydrogenolysis and aromatization pathways.This synergy allows precise control over the distribution of products by carbon number and favors the formation of separable aromatics.Notably,the catalyst also prevents coking by hydrogenolyzing and hydrogenating reactive intermediates before they form stable graphite-like deposits.Consequently,Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst demonstrates excellent stability,maintaining consistent aromatics yield over 13 consecutive cycles and processing over 30 times its weight in plastics without regeneration.After regeneration,the activity of the catalyst was fully restored,highlighting its potential for industrial use.This work offers valuable insights for designing durable,high-activity catalysts,providing a practical route to improve plastic recycling technologies.
文摘Dear Editor,Lymphocyte activation gene 3(LAG3),the third established target for immune checkpoint blockade therapy,suppresses T cell function by binding to major histocompatibility complex classⅡ(MHCⅡ).Despite its significant therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy and the substantial attention it has received from academia and industry,the molecular mechanisms of LAG3-mediated immunosuppression remain poorly understood,primarily because of its unique ligand-binding characteristics and intracellular domains[1].
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203123 and 52473248)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(sklpme2024-2-04)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University。
文摘Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving the overall performance of CPEs due to their difficulty in achieving robust electrochemical and mechanical interfaces simultaneously.Here,by regulating the surface charge characteristics of halloysite nanotube(HNT),we propose a concept of lithium-ion dynamic interface(Li^(+)-DI)engineering in nano-charged CPE(NCCPE).Results show that the surface charge characteristics of HNTs fundamentally change the Li^(+)-DI,and thereof the mechanical and ion-conduction behaviors of the NCCPEs.Particularly,the HNTs with positively charged surface(HNTs+)lead to a higher Li^(+)transference number(0.86)than that of HNTs-(0.73),but a lower toughness(102.13 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs+and 159.69 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs-).Meanwhile,a strong interface compatibilization effect by Li^(+)is observed for especially the HNTs+-involved Li^(+)-DI,which improves the toughness by 2000%compared with the control.Moreover,HNTs+are more effective to weaken the Li^(+)-solvation strength and facilitate the formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interphase of Li metal compared to HNTs-.The resultant Li|NCCPE|LiFePO4cell delivers a capacity of 144.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 78.6%.This study provides deep insights into understanding the roles of surface charges of nanofillers in regulating the mechanical and electrochemical interfaces in ASSLMBs.
文摘Over the past decade,large-scale pre-trained autoregressive and diffusion models rejuvenated the field of text-guided image generation.However,these models require enormous datasets and parameters,and their multi-step generation processes are often inefficient and difficult to control.To address these challenges,we propose CAFE-GAN,a CLIP-Projected GAN with Attention-Aware Generation and Multi-Scale Discrimination,which incorporates a pretrained CLIP model along with several key architectural innovations.First,we embed a coordinate attention mechanism into the generator to capture long-range dependencies and enhance feature representation.Second,we introduce a trainable linear projection layer after the CLIP text encoder,which aligns textual embeddings with the generator’s semantic space.Third,we design a multi-scale discriminator that leverages pre-trained visual features and integrates a feature regularization strategy,thereby improving training stability and discrimination performance.Experiments on the CUB and COCO datasets demonstrate that CAFE-GAN outperforms existing text-to-image generation methods,achieving lower Fréchet Inception Distance(FID)scores and generating images with superior visual quality and semantic fidelity,with FID scores of 9.84 and 5.62 on the CUB and COCO datasets,respectively,surpassing current state-of-the-art text-to-image models by varying degrees.These findings offer valuable insights for future research on efficient,controllable text-to-image synthesis.
基金Supported by Tangshan Science and Technology Planning Project(25150202E).
文摘In recent years,the problem of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods has attracted worldwide attention.Developing rapid,simple,highly sensitive,and high-throughput veterinary drug residue detection technologies has become an urgent need.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the pretreatment and analytical techniques for veterinary drug residue analysis,comparing the detection principles,operational procedures,and respective advantages and disadvantages of various detection technologies.It further explores the future development directions of veterinary drug residue detection technologies.
基金Supported by Tangshan Talent Funding Project in 2025(B202304018).
文摘With the improvement of living standards and the shift in societal consumption attitudes,consumers demand for the quality of aquatic products is increasingly stringent.Freshness and quality have become primary factors determining consumers purchasing decisions.However,due to the high moisture content,active endogenous enzymes,and rich nutrients in aquatic products,both fresh and processed products are highly susceptible to quality deterioration during procurement,distribution,and storage,which leads to a significant decline in sensory quality and nutritional value,while also compromising safety.Today,the consumption of high-quality aquatic products has become a prevailing trend.This paper reviewed the methods for freshness evaluation and quality grading of aquatic products in terms of sensory and nutritional aspects,aiming to support the market circulation principle of"higher price for better quality"and"price based on quality",and better meeting consumer demands.Therefore,it is imperative to enhance the analysis and evaluation of aquatic product quality and to continuously refine assessment systems and methods,which is crucial for promoting industry transformation and fostering a healthy market-consumer economic cycle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41905108 and 42130704).
文摘Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previous research,providing a long-term perspective on carbonyl compound variations and their environmental implica-tions.Atmospheric observations were conducted at Beijing(BJ)and Xianghe(XH)during the summer and winter months of 2018,2019,and 2023 to study the sources and impacts of carbonyl compounds in typical urban areas and peri‑urban areas.Notably,concentrations in the summer of 2023 increased compared to 2018 and 2019.The predominant carbonyl compounds—formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,and acetone—accounted for over 60%of the total.The mean values of OFP in BJ ranged from 18.55 to 58.61μg/m3,lower than those in XH(29.82 to 65.48μg/m3),with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde contributing over 80%of the total.SOAP exhibited a similar pattern,with values in XH(69.21 to 508.55μg/m3)significantly exceeding those in BJ(34.47 to 159.78μg/m3).The PMF model highlighted vehicle exhaust,secondary pollution,and biomass combustion as major sources of carbonyl compounds,emphasizing differences in source contributions between the two regions.This study’s com-parative analysis over different years and locations provides new insights into the dynamic changes in carbonyl compounds and their environmental importance.These results not only reinforce the importance of carbonyl compounds regulation but also offer a valuable reference for evaluating and refining emission control strategies during this period.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 32471873)the Major Projects in Agricultural Biological Breeding(Grant 2023ZD04056)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant 2023YFD1401304)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grants BK20221426,BK20231291)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation project(Grant 2024M751426)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant KYCX241264)。
文摘Both genders of the dioecious gymnosperm Ginkgo bilob a have distinct practical production and application uses,so quick,accurate identification of males and females is important for early seedling breeding.To develop a fast method to identify the sexes,we used the Easy DNA extraction(EZ-D)method to extract DNA from leaves within1 min for use with the recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow dipstick(RPA-LFD)system and identify the sex.A portable nucleic acid detection card kit(PNADCK)was used for on-site analysis.This method facilitates rapid extraction of nucleic acids from a single and can accurately detect 100 pg/μL of G.biloba female genomic DNA within20 min at 39°C.The EZ-DRPA-LFD-PNADCK system enables precise on-site determination of G.bilob a leaf sex and is rapid,efficient,sensitive,and convenient,greatly enhancing productivity for G.biloba because seedlings with specific sex characteristics can be selected at an earlier stage,planting strategies can be optimized,and production efficiency improved.
基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023B1515120050,2023A1515110529 and 2024A1515012454)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20230807145759008 and KJZD20240903100206009).
文摘Acetolactate synthase(ALS)-targeting herbicides are among the most widely used weed-control chemicals globally.Mutations in the ALS gene can confer herbicide resistance in crops,thereby allowing selective elimination of weeds without harming crops.Herbicide-resistant ALS alleles were initially discovered in weeds and subsequently developed through artificial mutagenesis techniques.With the advancement of CRISPR/Cas technologies,various genome-editing tools are now available to introduce these resistant alleles,as well as novel variants,into diverse crop species.Moreover,emerging methodologies,such as directed evolution,enable the generation and screening of large populations of random ALS mutants.Consequently,ALS has become one of the most extensively targeted genes in plant gene evolution.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of both conventional and recently developed strategies for ALS evolution,with particular emphasis on CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing and directed evolution.Future perspectives on technological application are also discussed.By advancing our understanding of herbicide-resistant ALS allele development for crop improvement,these methodologies may also pave the way for their application to the evolution of other agronomically important genes.
文摘Objectives:High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC),the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC),exhibits a mesenchymal phenotype characterized by fibrotic stroma and poor prognosis.Human epididymis protein 4(HE4),a key diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer,is involved in fibrotic processes in several non-malignant diseases.Given the clinical significance of stromal fibrosis in HGSOC and the potential link between HE4 and fibrosis,this study aimed to investigate the role of HE4 in the formation of stromal fibrosis in HGSOC.Methods:A total of 126 patients with gynecological conditions were included and divided into normal,benign,and EOC groups.Tissue stiffness was quantitatively measured and analyzed for its correlation with clinicopathological features.We further investigated the correlation between tumor stiffness and the expression levels of HE4 and fibroblast activation markers(α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and fibroblast activation protein(FAP))in tumor tissues from 22 HGSOC patients.In vitro,primary fibroblasts were treated with recombinant HE4(rHE4)or conditioned media from HE4-knockdown ovarian cancer cells to assess fibroblasts activation and matrix contractility(Collagen gel contraction assays).In vivo,a subcutaneous xenograft model using HE4-knockdown cells was established to evaluate the effects of HE4 suppression on tumor growth and extensive extracellular matrix(ECM)remodeling.Results:Ovarian cancer tissues showed significantly increased stiffness compared to benign/normal groups,showing positive correlation with serum HE4 levels.High-stiffness HGSOC tumors exhibited upregulated expression of HE4,α-SMA,FAP,and collagen I.rHE4 stimulated fibroblast activation and enhanced matrix contractility,whereas HE4 knockdown in cancer cells abrogated these pro-fibrotic effects.In vivo,HE4-silenced xenografts displayed restricted tumor growth accompanied by reduced stromal expression ofα-SMA,FAP,and collagen I.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that HE4 may facilitate ECM remodeling in HGSOC through promoting fibroblast activation and increasing collagen deposition.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFF0702200Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,Grant/Award Number:202206010084,202206010197 and 202206060002+1 种基金Guangdong S&T programme,Grant/Award Number:2009A081000002 and 2023B0303040004Technology Planning Project of Linzhi,Grant/Award Number:2023-YZ-01。
文摘Background:The aim of the study was to develop a non-human primate model of metabolic dysfunction in Macaca fascicularis using chronic high-fat diet(HFD)to mimic clinical disease progression.Methods:Thirty-five male macaques aged 10-15 years underwent an 18-month HFD intervention.Physiological parameters(BMI,BP,hematology),liver fat fraction(evaluated by ultrasound/MRI),cardiac function(assessed by echocardiography),and histopathology(using liver biopsy)were measured before and after the intervention.Serum proteomics with KEGG/STRING analyses identified molecular mechanisms.Results:Within 6 months,HFD induced dyslipidemia(elevated TG,TCHO,HDL-C,LDL-C).After 18 months,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)was confirmed by histopathology in 57.14%(16/28)of macaques,diabetes(elevated FPG/HbA1c)in 17.86%(5/28),and myocardial hypertrophy(elevated LVMass/LAD)in 46.43%(13/28).Proteomics identified Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase(BAAT)as a MASH hallmark protein,the level of which was inversely correlated with the degree of fibrosis.For diabetes,citrate synthase(CS)and malate dehydrogenase 1(MDH1)impaired glucose oxidation via the TCA cycle,while hexose-6-phosphate de-hydrogenase(H6PD)disrupted gluconeogenesis.Myocardial hypertrophy was associ-ated with the downregulation of SRC proto-oncogene,non-receptor tyrosine kinase(SRC),mitogen-activated protein kinase 14(MAPK14),emerin(EMD),and integrin subunit beta 1(ITGB1).Conclusions:An 18-month HFD successfully established a translational M.fascicula-ris model replicating key metabolic disorders(MASH,diabetes,cardiac hypertrophy).BAAT,CS/MDH1/H6PD,and SRC/MAPK14/EMD/ITGB1 were identified as mecha-nistic biomarkers for these conditions.
基金973 Program under Grant No.2012CB723304Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in UniversityNational Science Foundation Program under Grant No.91315301-07
文摘A new equivalent center of mass model of FPBs (friction pendulum bearings) is introduced, and based on this model, coefficient j of the equivalent center of mass separating from the sliding surface is defined. It is thought in theory that j has a significant impact on the isolation parameter of FPBs, since the equivalent post-yielding stiffness and friction coefficients are not simply determined by sliding radius and sliding friction pairs. The results of numerical simulation analysis using ABAQUS conducted on two groups of FPBs support this viewpoint. For FPBs with the same sliding radius and sliding friction pairs, the FPB modules of structural analysis software such as ETABS could only distinguish the equivalent transformation using j one by one. The seismic response data obtained in a base isolation calculation example of FPBs are very different, which reveals that j’s impact on the isolation effectiveness of FPBs cannot be ignored. The introduction of j will help improve the classical structural theory of FPBs and the weak points of structural analysis software based on this theory, which is important in achieving more accurate analyses in structural design.
基金National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program)under Grant No.2011CB013606Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University under Grant No.IRT13057+1 种基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51438004the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No.20124410110004
文摘This study addresses the changes in acceleration,pore water pressure and Fourier spectrums of different types of seismic waves with various amplitudes via large-scale shaking table tests from two sites:a sand-containing regional site and an all-clay site.Comparative analyses of the test results show that the pore water pressures in sand-soil layers of the regional site initially increase and then decrease as the amplitudes of the seismic accelerations increase.The actions of the vertical and vibrational seismic waves contribute to greater pore water pressures.The amplification coefficient of the sand-layer regional site becomes smaller as the seismic waves grow stronger,so that both sites are capable of filtering high frequencies and amplifying low frequencies of seismic waves.This is more apparent with the increase in the peak value of the acceleration,and the natural vibration frequencies of both sites decrease with the transmission of the seismic waves from the basement to the ground surface.The decreasing frequency value of the sand-containing regional site is smaller than that of the all-clay site.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2021YFA1200203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51922026 and 51975111)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.N2202015,N2002005,and N2105001)the 111 Project of China (No.BP0719037 and B20029)。
文摘Face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) high entropy alloys (HEAs) are attracting more and more attention owing to their excellent strength and ductility synergy, irradiation resistance, etc. However, the yield strength of f.c.c. HEAs is generally low, significantly limiting their practical applications. Recently, the alloying of W has been evidenced to be able to remarkably improve the mechanical properties of f.c.c. HEAs and is becoming a hot topic in the community of HEAs. To date, when W is introduced, multiple strengthening mechanisms, including solid-solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening (μphase,σphase, and b.c.c. phase), and grain-refinement strengthening, have been discovered to be activated or enhanced. Apart from mechanical properties, the addition of W improves corrosion resistance as W helps to form a dense WO_(3) film on the alloy surface. Until now, despite the extensive studies in the literature, there is no available review paper focusing on the W doping of the f.c.c. HEAs. In that context, the effects of W doping on f.c.c. HEAs were reviewed in this work from three aspects, i.e., microstructure,mechanical property, and corrosion resistance. We expect this work can advance the application of the W alloying strategy in the f.c.c. HEAs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.2018JJB120049)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31800631)+1 种基金the BAGUI Scholar Program of Guangxi Province of China。
文摘With increasing industrial activities,mercury has been largely discharged into environment and caused serious environmental problems.The growing level of mercury pollution has become a huge threat to human health due to its significant biotoxicity.Therefore,the simple and fast means for on-site monitoring discharged mercury pollution are highly necessary to protect human beings from its pernicious effects in time.Herein,a"turn off"fluorescent biosensor(mCherry L199 C)for sensing Hg2+was successfully designed based on direct modification of the chromophore environment of fluorescent protein mCherry.For rapid screening and characterization,the designed variant of mCherry(mCherry L199 C)was directly expressed on outer-membrane of Escherichia coli cells by cell surface display technique.The fluorescent biosensor was characterized to have favorable response to Hg2+at micromole level among other metal ions and over a broad pH range.Further,the cells of the fluorescent biosensor were encapsulated in alginate hydrogel to develop the cells-alginate hydrogel-based paper.The cells-alginate hydrogel-based paper could detect mercury pollution in 5 min with simple operation process and inexpensive equipment,and it could keep fluorescence and activity stable at 4℃ for 24 hr,which would be a high-throughput screening tool in preliminarily reporting the presence of mercury pollution in natural setting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50674093)the National Scientific and Technological Support Projects (No.2006BAK03B00) and the Pingdingshan Coal Mine Group
文摘The electromagnetic environment of laneways in underground coal mines is an important area for the design of new electronic products,as well as a fundamental space for mine monitoring,surveillance,communications and control systems.An investigation of electromagnetic interference in coal mines is essential for the enhancement of performances of these systems.In this study,a new field method is provided in which radiated emission tests in coal mine laneways have been carried out.We conclude that:1) the wiring motor vehicles can radiate interference with a bandwidth up to 1 GHz and with an amplitude 10 dBμV/m higher than the background noise;2) the PHS(Personal Handy phone System) mobile communication system can cause interference 40 dBμV/m higher than the background noise;3) an interference 25 dBμV/m higher than the background noise can be generated during the communication at a working bandwidth of 48.8 MHz;and 4) power cables,battery vehicles as well as mechanical and electrical dong rooms have little effect on the electromagnetic radiation environment in coal mine tunnels.
