The telecommunications industry has been undergoing tremendous technological changes, and owning to continuous technological advancement, it has maintained sustained prosperity and development. In this paper, the inte...The telecommunications industry has been undergoing tremendous technological changes, and owning to continuous technological advancement, it has maintained sustained prosperity and development. In this paper, the interplay between technology, market and government in telecommunications is discussed briefly, and then we introduce technology and government into the traditional SCP(Structure – Conduct – Performance) paradigm to develop an industry analysis framework called TGM(SCP)(Technology – Government – Market(Structure – Conduct – Performance)). Based on this framework, we present the spiral coevolution model which elaborates on the interaction mechanism of technological innovation with government regulation and market dynamics from the perspective of industry evolution. Our study indicates that the development of the telecommunications industry is the result of the coevolution of technology, government regulation and market forces, and among the three actors, technology is the fundamental driving force. Relative to the "invisible hand"(market) and "visible hand"(government), we conceptualize technology as the "third hand", which fundamentally drives the development of telecommunications industry in coordination with the other two hands. We also provide several policy implications regarding these findings.展开更多
The worldwide strategy for the development of telecommunications has been the opening of the telecom sector to competition and private investment.This paper focuses on telecommunications reforms and its outcomes in Pa...The worldwide strategy for the development of telecommunications has been the opening of the telecom sector to competition and private investment.This paper focuses on telecommunications reforms and its outcomes in Pakistan and discusses some lessons and suggestions for China who is still in the process of formulating telecom law.After liberalization and deregulation,telecom industry in Pakistan is tremendously growing and is in a transition phase from the monopoly to the competition.Government policies and independent regulator is playing critical role in this growth.This paper suggests that speed up formulation of Telecom Law,establishment of independent regulatory and antitrust agencies are need of time for the China telecom industry.Further,China will have to give special attention to accommodate convergence in its coming model of telecommunications reforms.展开更多
Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation (ETC) has acquired a patchwork of systems and processes that makes it difficult to cost-efficiently troubleshoot network faults, launch new services quickly, and track and tune...Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation (ETC) has acquired a patchwork of systems and processes that makes it difficult to cost-efficiently troubleshoot network faults, launch new services quickly, and track and tune the performance of services once delivered. This patchwork also results in increased operational and capital expenditures, so there is an obvious need for ETC to improve and evolve the network and service management environment. Evolving ETC’s network and service management systems and processes shall be done in a well organized phased approach. ZTE is the first choice for ETC to assume this challenging responsibility and provide the National Network Operation Center (NNOC) solution.展开更多
Nowadays,mobile operators in China mainland are facing fierce competition from one to another,and their focus of customer competition has,in general,shifted from public to corporate customers.One big challenge in corp...Nowadays,mobile operators in China mainland are facing fierce competition from one to another,and their focus of customer competition has,in general,shifted from public to corporate customers.One big challenge in corporate customer management is how to identify fake corporate members and potential corporate members from corporate customers.In this study,we have proposed an identification method that combines the rule-based and probabilistic methods.Through this method,fake corporate members can be eliminated and external potential members can be mined.The experimental results based on the data obtained from a local mobile operator revealed that the proposed method can effectively and efficiently identify fake and potential corporate members.The proposed method can be used to improve the management of corporate customers.展开更多
The following contribution aims at explaining BNetzA’s role in energy infrastructure regulation and planning/permitting of high-voltage electricity nationwide and cross-border transmission lines. It shows the interpl...The following contribution aims at explaining BNetzA’s role in energy infrastructure regulation and planning/permitting of high-voltage electricity nationwide and cross-border transmission lines. It shows the interplay of the two main regulatory instruments and the planning/permitting task as well as more generally the changing role of the regulator in the era of energy transition. The article is based on two presentations on the topic, one at the VIIth WFER in Mexico in March 2018 and one at a conference on “The Governance of Maintenance and Investment in Infrastructures” of the University of Paris-Dauphine in April 2018.展开更多
With the in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategies,hydrogen energy as a clean energy source is receiving increasing attention[1,2].Among the various methods of hydrogen production,the electrocataly...With the in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategies,hydrogen energy as a clean energy source is receiving increasing attention[1,2].Among the various methods of hydrogen production,the electrocatalytic decomposition of abundant seawater into hydrogen utilizing renewable energy has emerged as a green and promising approach.However,natural seawater contains complex components,such as halide ions,which lead to the corrosion of catalysts or the occurrence of competitive side reactions during the electrolysis process[3].展开更多
Practical byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT)can reduce energy consumption and achieve high throughput compared with the traditional PoW algorithm,which is more suitable for a strongly consistent consortium blockchain.How...Practical byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT)can reduce energy consumption and achieve high throughput compared with the traditional PoW algorithm,which is more suitable for a strongly consistent consortium blockchain.However,due to the frequent communication among nodes,PBFT cannot realize scalability in large-scale networks.Existing PBFTbased algorithms still ignore performance and security.Therefore,we propose a secure and efficient practical byzantine fault tolerance based on double layers and multi copies(DM-PBFT).We design a reputation evaluation and node scheduling method for DMPBFT.And then we propose an adaptive node scheduling strategy based on the derived threshold values after analyzing the system communication complexity and security.Combining the above research,a node dynamic adjustment mechanism is proposed to freeze or adjust the node operation status according to the system environment.Simulation experiments show that the proposed mechanism can improve efficiency and increase the system’s throughput.展开更多
With more and more IoT terminals being deployed in various power grid business scenarios,terminal reliability has become a practical challenge that threatens the current security protection architecture.Most IoT termi...With more and more IoT terminals being deployed in various power grid business scenarios,terminal reliability has become a practical challenge that threatens the current security protection architecture.Most IoT terminals have security risks and vulnerabilities,and limited resources make it impossible to deploy costly security protection methods on the terminal.In order to cope with these problems,this paper proposes a lightweight trust evaluation model TCL,which combines three network models,TCN,CNN,and LSTM,with stronger feature extraction capability and can score the reliability of the device by periodically analyzing the traffic behavior and activity logs generated by the terminal device,and the trust evaluation of the terminal’s continuous behavior can be achieved by combining the scores of different periods.After experiments,it is proved that TCL can effectively use the traffic behaviors and activity logs of terminal devices for trust evaluation and achieves F1-score of 95.763,94.456,99.923,and 99.195 on HDFS,BGL,N-BaIoT,and KDD99 datasets,respectively,and the size of TCL is only 91KB,which can achieve similar or better performance than CNN-LSTM,RobustLog and other methods with less computational resources and storage space.展开更多
As investigated by 3GPP,support of UPF(user plane function)onboard satellite can reduce the latency of communications via satellite,and then it becomes a key enhancement in 5G network integrating with satellite commun...As investigated by 3GPP,support of UPF(user plane function)onboard satellite can reduce the latency of communications via satellite,and then it becomes a key enhancement in 5G network integrating with satellite communication.However,current 5G system cannot support UPF onboard LEO(low earth orbit)satellites,as it would face challenges like UPF mobility handling,synchronization between mobile network and satellite network,and condition of activating local data switching.To solve such challenges,this paper proposes a solution to support UPF onboard LEO satellite,which consists of enhanced network architecture,I-UPF(intermediate UPF)based local data switching scheme and communication latency based data path selection.We subsequently develop analytic models for performance evaluation and conduct simulations using the constellation configuration of iridium II.The simulation results show that the data switching via I-UPF onboard LEO satellite can reduce E2E(end to end)packet delivery latency and E2E packet loss ratio significantly compared with that of routing the data back to 5GC on the ground.The proposed scheme yet has increased signaling cost for handling UPF mobility.els,compared with existing similar companding algorithms.展开更多
A high-sensitivity,low-noise single photon avalanche diode(SPAD)detector was presented based on a 180 nm BCD process.The proposed device utilizes a p-implant layer/high-voltage n-well(HVNW)junction to form a deep aval...A high-sensitivity,low-noise single photon avalanche diode(SPAD)detector was presented based on a 180 nm BCD process.The proposed device utilizes a p-implant layer/high-voltage n-well(HVNW)junction to form a deep avalanche multiplication region for near-infrared(NIR)sensitivity enhancement.By optimizing the device size and electric field of the guard ring,the fill factor(FF)is significantly improved,further increasing photon detection efficiency(PDE).To solve the dark noise caused by the increasing active diameter,a field polysilicon gate structure connected to the p+anode was investigated,effectively suppressing dark count noise by 76.6%.It is experimentally shown that when the active diameter increases from 5 to 10μm,the FF is significantly improved from 20.7%to 39.1%,and thus the peak PDE also rises from 13.3%to 25.8%.At an excess bias voltage of 5 V,a NIR photon detection probability(PDP)of 6.8%at 905 nm,a dark count rate(DCR)of 2.12 cps/μm^(2),an afterpulsing probability(AP)of 1.2%,and a timing jitter of 216 ps are achieved,demonstrating excellent single photon detection performance.展开更多
Background:The bacterial biofilm poses a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy.There is a great need to develop novel antibiofilm agents combined with biofilm disrupting and bacteria-killing without ...Background:The bacterial biofilm poses a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy.There is a great need to develop novel antibiofilm agents combined with biofilm disrupting and bacteria-killing without the dependence of antibiotic.Methods:Herein,we prepared ultrasound/magnetic field-responsive ferroferric oxide nanoparticles(Fe_(3)O_(4))/glucose oxidase microbubbles(FGMB)to form a cascade catalytic system for effective removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.FGMB were prepared through interfacial self-assembly of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles(NPs)and glucose oxidase(GOx)at the gas-liquid interface stabilized by surfactants.Under ultrasound/magnetic field stimulation,FGMB disrupted biofilm architecture through microbubble collapse-induced microjets and magnetically driven displacement.Simultaneously,ultrasound-triggered rupture of FGMB released GOx and Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs.Glucose can be oxidized by GOx to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide which was subsequently catalyzed into hydroxyl radicals by Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs,enabling chemical eradication of biofilm-embedded bacteria.Results:Optical microscopy images demonstrated that FGMB have spherical structure with average size of approximately 17μm.FGMB showed a 65.4%decrease in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm biomass and 1.1 log bacterial inactivation efficiency(91.2%),suggesting effective biofilm elimination.In vitro experimental results also indicate that FGMB have good biocompatibility.Conclusion:This antibiofilm strategy integrated dual modes of physical biofilm disruption with chemical bacteria-killing shows great potential as a versatile,non-resistant strategy for bacterial biofilm elimination.展开更多
Using a recognition model of atmospheric gravity waves(AGWs),we identified 519 AGW events from the OH airglow images observed at the Dandong and Lhasa stations from 2015 to 2017.The 317 AGW events detected at the Dand...Using a recognition model of atmospheric gravity waves(AGWs),we identified 519 AGW events from the OH airglow images observed at the Dandong and Lhasa stations from 2015 to 2017.The 317 AGW events detected at the Dandong station have wavelengths ranging from 30 to 60 km,periods from 14 to 20 min,horizontal speeds from 30 to 60 m/s,and relative intensities from 0.4%to 0.6%,respectively.The parameters of 202 events recorded at the Lhasa station mainly vary within 15-35 km in horizontal wavelength,4-6 min in period,40-100 m/s in horizontal velocity,and 0.1%-0.3%in relative intensity.The occurrence rate peaks in winter and summer at Dandong and the peak in summer are absent at Lhasa because of the lack of convective weather.The seasonal propagation directions of the waves are influenced by both the wind field-filtering effect and the distribution of wave sources.In spring,because of the southeastward background wind field,fewer southeastward events are observed at the Dandong station.The situation at the Lhasa station is similar.In summer,both the Lhasa and Dandong stations are dominated by northeastward AGWs,which can be attributed to the southwestward wind.In autumn,ray-tracing results show that the events at Dandong mainly originate from wind shear,whereas the events at the Lhasa station are triggered by convective weather.The location of the wave sources determines the trend of the propagation directions at the Dandong and Lhasa stations in autumn.In winter,because of the eastward wind,more events are propagating to the southwest at the Dandong station.展开更多
Differential pulse-position modulation(DP PM)can achieve a good compromise between power and bandwidth requirements.However,the output sequence has undetectable insertions and deletions.This paper proposes a successiv...Differential pulse-position modulation(DP PM)can achieve a good compromise between power and bandwidth requirements.However,the output sequence has undetectable insertions and deletions.This paper proposes a successive cancellation(SC)decoding scheme based on the weighted levenshtein distance(WLD)of polar codes for correcting insertions/deletions in DPPM systems.In this method,the WLD is used to calculate the transfer probabilities recursively to obtain likelihood ratios,and the low-complexity SC decoding method is built according to the error characteristics to match the DPPM system.Additionally,the proposed SC decoding scheme is extended to list decoding,which can further improve error correction performance.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively correct insertions/deletions in the DPPM system,which enhances its reliability and performance.展开更多
Ensuring an information fabric safe is critical and mandatory.For its related Internet of Things(IoT)service system running on the open Internet,existing host-based monitoring methods may fail due to only inspecting s...Ensuring an information fabric safe is critical and mandatory.For its related Internet of Things(IoT)service system running on the open Internet,existing host-based monitoring methods may fail due to only inspecting software,and the physical system may not be able to be protected.In this paper,a nonintrusive virtual machine(VM)-based runtime protection framework is provided to protect the physical system with the isolated IoT services as a controlling means.Compared with existing solutions,the framework gets inconsistent and untrusted observation knowledge from multiple observation sources,and enforces property policies concurrently and incrementally in a competing-game way to avoid compositional problems.In addition,the monitoring is implemented without any modification to the protected system.Experiments are conducted to validate the proposed techniques.展开更多
For 5G millimeter wave(mm-Wave)user equipments(UEs),all test cases must be evaluated in Over-The-Air(OTA)manner.Test time increases dramatically compared to Sub-6 GHz.Therefore,test time reduction is of great signific...For 5G millimeter wave(mm-Wave)user equipments(UEs),all test cases must be evaluated in Over-The-Air(OTA)manner.Test time increases dramatically compared to Sub-6 GHz.Therefore,test time reduction is of great significance for 5G mm-Wave OTA testing.Among all test cases,beam peak search is the most time-consuming,taking up the majority of the overall test time.Therefore,the objective of this work is to determine a suitable beam peak search grid for 5G mm-Wave UEs with satisfactory accuracy and efficiency.Through radiation property investigation of 5G mm-Wave commercial UEs,more reasonable reference array configuration(4×2)and reference deployment scenario(composite beam)are proposed for beam peak search grid analysis.The effect of different grid configurations on beam peak search precision are characterized quantitatively.The determination of associated measurement uncertainty(MU)term along with quantitative analysis approach are proposed based on statistical analysis.Finally,the recommended minimum number of beam peak search grid points is 182 based on the proposed 4×2 array under composite beam scenario.Compared with currently-required 1106 points in 3GPP/CTIA specifications,over 80%reduction can be achieved without increasing the MU limit.The feasibility of the proposed MU analysis as well as the recommended grids is demonstrated through measurements.展开更多
In this work,we demonstrated the InSnO(ITO)TFTs passivated with SiO_(2)via the PECVD process compatible with large-area production for the first time.The passivated ITO TFTs with various channel thicknesses(t_(ch)=4,5...In this work,we demonstrated the InSnO(ITO)TFTs passivated with SiO_(2)via the PECVD process compatible with large-area production for the first time.The passivated ITO TFTs with various channel thicknesses(t_(ch)=4,5,6 nm)exhibit excellent electrical performance and superior uniformity.The reliability properties of ITO TFTs were evaluated in detail under positive bias stress(PBS)conditions before and after passivation.Compared to the devices without passivation,the passivated devices have only 50%threshold voltage degradation(ΔV_(th))and 50%newly generated traps due to excellent isolation of the ambient atmosphere.The negligible performance degradation of ITO TFTs with passivation during negative bias stress(NBS)and negative bias temperature stress(NBTS)verifies the outstanding immunity to the water vapor of the SiO_(2)passivation layer.Overall,the ITO TFT with the t_(ch)of 6 nm and with SiO_(2)passivation exhibits the best performance in terms of electrical properties,uniformity,and reliability,which is promising in large-area production.展开更多
This work presents a systematic analysis of proton-induced total ionizing dose(TID)effects in 1.2 k V silicon carbide(SiC)power devices with various edge termination structures.Three edge terminations including ring-a...This work presents a systematic analysis of proton-induced total ionizing dose(TID)effects in 1.2 k V silicon carbide(SiC)power devices with various edge termination structures.Three edge terminations including ring-assisted junction termination extension(RA-JTE),multiple floating zone JTE(MFZ-JTE),and field limiting rings(FLR)were fabricated and irradiated with45 Me V protons at fluences ranging from 1×10^(12) to 1×10^(14) cm^(-2).Experimental results,supported by TCAD simulations,show that the RA-JTE structure maintained stable breakdown performance with less than 1%variation due to its effective electric field redistribution by multiple P+rings.In contrast,MFZ-JTE and FLR exhibit breakdown voltage shifts of 6.1%and 15.2%,respectively,under the highest fluence.These results demonstrate the superior radiation tolerance of the RA-JTE structure under TID conditions and provide practical design guidance for radiation-hardened Si C power devices in space and other highradiation environments.展开更多
A monolithic integrated full-wave bridge rectifier consisted of horizontal Schottky-barrier diodes(SBD)is prepared based on 100 nm ultra-thin β-Ga_(2)O_(3)and demonstrated the solar-blind UV(SUV)light-modulated chara...A monolithic integrated full-wave bridge rectifier consisted of horizontal Schottky-barrier diodes(SBD)is prepared based on 100 nm ultra-thin β-Ga_(2)O_(3)and demonstrated the solar-blind UV(SUV)light-modulated characteristics.Under SUV light illumination,the rectifier has the excellent full-wave rectification characteristics for the AC input signals of 5,12,and 24 V with different frequencies.Further,experimental results confirmed the feasibility of continuously tuning the rectified output through SUV light-encoding.This work provides valuable insights for the development of optically programmable Ga_(2)O_(3)ACDC converters.展开更多
With the rapid development of intelligent cyber-physical systems(ICPS),diverse services with varying Quality of Service(QoS)requirements have brought great challenges to traditional network resource allocation.Further...With the rapid development of intelligent cyber-physical systems(ICPS),diverse services with varying Quality of Service(QoS)requirements have brought great challenges to traditional network resource allocation.Furthermore,given the open environment and a multitude of devices,enhancing the security of ICPS is an urgent concern.To address these issues,this paper proposes a novel trusted virtual network embedding(T-VNE)approach for ICPS based combining blockchain and edge computing technologies.Additionally,the proposed algorithm leverages a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)model to optimize decision-making processes.It employs the policygradient-based agent to compute candidate embedding nodes and utilizes a breadth-first search(BFS)algorithm to determine the optimal embedding paths.Finally,through simulation experiments,the efficacy of the proposed method was validated,demonstrating outstanding performance in terms of security,revenue generation,and virtual network request(VNR)acceptance rate.展开更多
基金supported by Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China under Grant No.15ZDB154National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No. 2012CB315805
文摘The telecommunications industry has been undergoing tremendous technological changes, and owning to continuous technological advancement, it has maintained sustained prosperity and development. In this paper, the interplay between technology, market and government in telecommunications is discussed briefly, and then we introduce technology and government into the traditional SCP(Structure – Conduct – Performance) paradigm to develop an industry analysis framework called TGM(SCP)(Technology – Government – Market(Structure – Conduct – Performance)). Based on this framework, we present the spiral coevolution model which elaborates on the interaction mechanism of technological innovation with government regulation and market dynamics from the perspective of industry evolution. Our study indicates that the development of the telecommunications industry is the result of the coevolution of technology, government regulation and market forces, and among the three actors, technology is the fundamental driving force. Relative to the "invisible hand"(market) and "visible hand"(government), we conceptualize technology as the "third hand", which fundamentally drives the development of telecommunications industry in coordination with the other two hands. We also provide several policy implications regarding these findings.
文摘The worldwide strategy for the development of telecommunications has been the opening of the telecom sector to competition and private investment.This paper focuses on telecommunications reforms and its outcomes in Pakistan and discusses some lessons and suggestions for China who is still in the process of formulating telecom law.After liberalization and deregulation,telecom industry in Pakistan is tremendously growing and is in a transition phase from the monopoly to the competition.Government policies and independent regulator is playing critical role in this growth.This paper suggests that speed up formulation of Telecom Law,establishment of independent regulatory and antitrust agencies are need of time for the China telecom industry.Further,China will have to give special attention to accommodate convergence in its coming model of telecommunications reforms.
文摘Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation (ETC) has acquired a patchwork of systems and processes that makes it difficult to cost-efficiently troubleshoot network faults, launch new services quickly, and track and tune the performance of services once delivered. This patchwork also results in increased operational and capital expenditures, so there is an obvious need for ETC to improve and evolve the network and service management environment. Evolving ETC’s network and service management systems and processes shall be done in a well organized phased approach. ZTE is the first choice for ETC to assume this challenging responsibility and provide the National Network Operation Center (NNOC) solution.
基金supported by the Youth Research and Innovation Program in Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications under Grants No. 2012RC1006,No. 2012RC1008the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No.2012CB315805and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71172135
文摘Nowadays,mobile operators in China mainland are facing fierce competition from one to another,and their focus of customer competition has,in general,shifted from public to corporate customers.One big challenge in corporate customer management is how to identify fake corporate members and potential corporate members from corporate customers.In this study,we have proposed an identification method that combines the rule-based and probabilistic methods.Through this method,fake corporate members can be eliminated and external potential members can be mined.The experimental results based on the data obtained from a local mobile operator revealed that the proposed method can effectively and efficiently identify fake and potential corporate members.The proposed method can be used to improve the management of corporate customers.
文摘The following contribution aims at explaining BNetzA’s role in energy infrastructure regulation and planning/permitting of high-voltage electricity nationwide and cross-border transmission lines. It shows the interplay of the two main regulatory instruments and the planning/permitting task as well as more generally the changing role of the regulator in the era of energy transition. The article is based on two presentations on the topic, one at the VIIth WFER in Mexico in March 2018 and one at a conference on “The Governance of Maintenance and Investment in Infrastructures” of the University of Paris-Dauphine in April 2018.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY223016)Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China2024 Nanjing Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.NJKCZYZZ2024-06)。
文摘With the in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategies,hydrogen energy as a clean energy source is receiving increasing attention[1,2].Among the various methods of hydrogen production,the electrocatalytic decomposition of abundant seawater into hydrogen utilizing renewable energy has emerged as a green and promising approach.However,natural seawater contains complex components,such as halide ions,which lead to the corrosion of catalysts or the occurrence of competitive side reactions during the electrolysis process[3].
基金supported in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L244010,251038)National Natural Science Foundation of China(92467203,62372050,62502041)+2 种基金CCF-Huawei Populus Grove Fund(TC202418)Fellowship of China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20240045)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation General Program(2025M773481).
文摘Practical byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT)can reduce energy consumption and achieve high throughput compared with the traditional PoW algorithm,which is more suitable for a strongly consistent consortium blockchain.However,due to the frequent communication among nodes,PBFT cannot realize scalability in large-scale networks.Existing PBFTbased algorithms still ignore performance and security.Therefore,we propose a secure and efficient practical byzantine fault tolerance based on double layers and multi copies(DM-PBFT).We design a reputation evaluation and node scheduling method for DMPBFT.And then we propose an adaptive node scheduling strategy based on the derived threshold values after analyzing the system communication complexity and security.Combining the above research,a node dynamic adjustment mechanism is proposed to freeze or adjust the node operation status according to the system environment.Simulation experiments show that the proposed mechanism can improve efficiency and increase the system’s throughput.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3105101).
文摘With more and more IoT terminals being deployed in various power grid business scenarios,terminal reliability has become a practical challenge that threatens the current security protection architecture.Most IoT terminals have security risks and vulnerabilities,and limited resources make it impossible to deploy costly security protection methods on the terminal.In order to cope with these problems,this paper proposes a lightweight trust evaluation model TCL,which combines three network models,TCN,CNN,and LSTM,with stronger feature extraction capability and can score the reliability of the device by periodically analyzing the traffic behavior and activity logs generated by the terminal device,and the trust evaluation of the terminal’s continuous behavior can be achieved by combining the scores of different periods.After experiments,it is proved that TCL can effectively use the traffic behaviors and activity logs of terminal devices for trust evaluation and achieves F1-score of 95.763,94.456,99.923,and 99.195 on HDFS,BGL,N-BaIoT,and KDD99 datasets,respectively,and the size of TCL is only 91KB,which can achieve similar or better performance than CNN-LSTM,RobustLog and other methods with less computational resources and storage space.
基金supported by the national key research and development program of China under Grant 2020YFB1807901the National Science Foundation Project in China under grant 61931005.
文摘As investigated by 3GPP,support of UPF(user plane function)onboard satellite can reduce the latency of communications via satellite,and then it becomes a key enhancement in 5G network integrating with satellite communication.However,current 5G system cannot support UPF onboard LEO(low earth orbit)satellites,as it would face challenges like UPF mobility handling,synchronization between mobile network and satellite network,and condition of activating local data switching.To solve such challenges,this paper proposes a solution to support UPF onboard LEO satellite,which consists of enhanced network architecture,I-UPF(intermediate UPF)based local data switching scheme and communication latency based data path selection.We subsequently develop analytic models for performance evaluation and conduct simulations using the constellation configuration of iridium II.The simulation results show that the data switching via I-UPF onboard LEO satellite can reduce E2E(end to end)packet delivery latency and E2E packet loss ratio significantly compared with that of routing the data back to 5GC on the ground.The proposed scheme yet has increased signaling cost for handling UPF mobility.els,compared with existing similar companding algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62171233the Natural Science Foundation of China,Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20241891the Jiangsu Province Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Plan under Grants SJCX24_0313 and KYCX24_1169。
文摘A high-sensitivity,low-noise single photon avalanche diode(SPAD)detector was presented based on a 180 nm BCD process.The proposed device utilizes a p-implant layer/high-voltage n-well(HVNW)junction to form a deep avalanche multiplication region for near-infrared(NIR)sensitivity enhancement.By optimizing the device size and electric field of the guard ring,the fill factor(FF)is significantly improved,further increasing photon detection efficiency(PDE).To solve the dark noise caused by the increasing active diameter,a field polysilicon gate structure connected to the p+anode was investigated,effectively suppressing dark count noise by 76.6%.It is experimentally shown that when the active diameter increases from 5 to 10μm,the FF is significantly improved from 20.7%to 39.1%,and thus the peak PDE also rises from 13.3%to 25.8%.At an excess bias voltage of 5 V,a NIR photon detection probability(PDP)of 6.8%at 905 nm,a dark count rate(DCR)of 2.12 cps/μm^(2),an afterpulsing probability(AP)of 1.2%,and a timing jitter of 216 ps are achieved,demonstrating excellent single photon detection performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375101)the Natural Science of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(24KJB430027).
文摘Background:The bacterial biofilm poses a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy.There is a great need to develop novel antibiofilm agents combined with biofilm disrupting and bacteria-killing without the dependence of antibiotic.Methods:Herein,we prepared ultrasound/magnetic field-responsive ferroferric oxide nanoparticles(Fe_(3)O_(4))/glucose oxidase microbubbles(FGMB)to form a cascade catalytic system for effective removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.FGMB were prepared through interfacial self-assembly of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles(NPs)and glucose oxidase(GOx)at the gas-liquid interface stabilized by surfactants.Under ultrasound/magnetic field stimulation,FGMB disrupted biofilm architecture through microbubble collapse-induced microjets and magnetically driven displacement.Simultaneously,ultrasound-triggered rupture of FGMB released GOx and Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs.Glucose can be oxidized by GOx to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide which was subsequently catalyzed into hydroxyl radicals by Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs,enabling chemical eradication of biofilm-embedded bacteria.Results:Optical microscopy images demonstrated that FGMB have spherical structure with average size of approximately 17μm.FGMB showed a 65.4%decrease in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm biomass and 1.1 log bacterial inactivation efficiency(91.2%),suggesting effective biofilm elimination.In vitro experimental results also indicate that FGMB have good biocompatibility.Conclusion:This antibiofilm strategy integrated dual modes of physical biofilm disruption with chemical bacteria-killing shows great potential as a versatile,non-resistant strategy for bacterial biofilm elimination.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0711402)the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories。
文摘Using a recognition model of atmospheric gravity waves(AGWs),we identified 519 AGW events from the OH airglow images observed at the Dandong and Lhasa stations from 2015 to 2017.The 317 AGW events detected at the Dandong station have wavelengths ranging from 30 to 60 km,periods from 14 to 20 min,horizontal speeds from 30 to 60 m/s,and relative intensities from 0.4%to 0.6%,respectively.The parameters of 202 events recorded at the Lhasa station mainly vary within 15-35 km in horizontal wavelength,4-6 min in period,40-100 m/s in horizontal velocity,and 0.1%-0.3%in relative intensity.The occurrence rate peaks in winter and summer at Dandong and the peak in summer are absent at Lhasa because of the lack of convective weather.The seasonal propagation directions of the waves are influenced by both the wind field-filtering effect and the distribution of wave sources.In spring,because of the southeastward background wind field,fewer southeastward events are observed at the Dandong station.The situation at the Lhasa station is similar.In summer,both the Lhasa and Dandong stations are dominated by northeastward AGWs,which can be attributed to the southwestward wind.In autumn,ray-tracing results show that the events at Dandong mainly originate from wind shear,whereas the events at the Lhasa station are triggered by convective weather.The location of the wave sources determines the trend of the propagation directions at the Dandong and Lhasa stations in autumn.In winter,because of the eastward wind,more events are propagating to the southwest at the Dandong station.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61801327).
文摘Differential pulse-position modulation(DP PM)can achieve a good compromise between power and bandwidth requirements.However,the output sequence has undetectable insertions and deletions.This paper proposes a successive cancellation(SC)decoding scheme based on the weighted levenshtein distance(WLD)of polar codes for correcting insertions/deletions in DPPM systems.In this method,the WLD is used to calculate the transfer probabilities recursively to obtain likelihood ratios,and the low-complexity SC decoding method is built according to the error characteristics to match the DPPM system.Additionally,the proposed SC decoding scheme is extended to list decoding,which can further improve error correction performance.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively correct insertions/deletions in the DPPM system,which enhances its reliability and performance.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under grant 2022YFF0902701the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant U21A20468,61972043,61921003+1 种基金Zhejiang Lab under grant 2021PD0AB 02the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under grant 2020XD-A07-1.
文摘Ensuring an information fabric safe is critical and mandatory.For its related Internet of Things(IoT)service system running on the open Internet,existing host-based monitoring methods may fail due to only inspecting software,and the physical system may not be able to be protected.In this paper,a nonintrusive virtual machine(VM)-based runtime protection framework is provided to protect the physical system with the isolated IoT services as a controlling means.Compared with existing solutions,the framework gets inconsistent and untrusted observation knowledge from multiple observation sources,and enforces property policies concurrently and incrementally in a competing-game way to avoid compositional problems.In addition,the monitoring is implemented without any modification to the protected system.Experiments are conducted to validate the proposed techniques.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant L253002.
文摘For 5G millimeter wave(mm-Wave)user equipments(UEs),all test cases must be evaluated in Over-The-Air(OTA)manner.Test time increases dramatically compared to Sub-6 GHz.Therefore,test time reduction is of great significance for 5G mm-Wave OTA testing.Among all test cases,beam peak search is the most time-consuming,taking up the majority of the overall test time.Therefore,the objective of this work is to determine a suitable beam peak search grid for 5G mm-Wave UEs with satisfactory accuracy and efficiency.Through radiation property investigation of 5G mm-Wave commercial UEs,more reasonable reference array configuration(4×2)and reference deployment scenario(composite beam)are proposed for beam peak search grid analysis.The effect of different grid configurations on beam peak search precision are characterized quantitatively.The determination of associated measurement uncertainty(MU)term along with quantitative analysis approach are proposed based on statistical analysis.Finally,the recommended minimum number of beam peak search grid points is 182 based on the proposed 4×2 array under composite beam scenario.Compared with currently-required 1106 points in 3GPP/CTIA specifications,over 80%reduction can be achieved without increasing the MU limit.The feasibility of the proposed MU analysis as well as the recommended grids is demonstrated through measurements.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62404110,62274033)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20221453)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesNatural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NY223159)。
文摘In this work,we demonstrated the InSnO(ITO)TFTs passivated with SiO_(2)via the PECVD process compatible with large-area production for the first time.The passivated ITO TFTs with various channel thicknesses(t_(ch)=4,5,6 nm)exhibit excellent electrical performance and superior uniformity.The reliability properties of ITO TFTs were evaluated in detail under positive bias stress(PBS)conditions before and after passivation.Compared to the devices without passivation,the passivated devices have only 50%threshold voltage degradation(ΔV_(th))and 50%newly generated traps due to excellent isolation of the ambient atmosphere.The negligible performance degradation of ITO TFTs with passivation during negative bias stress(NBS)and negative bias temperature stress(NBTS)verifies the outstanding immunity to the water vapor of the SiO_(2)passivation layer.Overall,the ITO TFT with the t_(ch)of 6 nm and with SiO_(2)passivation exhibits the best performance in terms of electrical properties,uniformity,and reliability,which is promising in large-area production.
基金supported by the IITP(Institute for Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation)under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program(IITP-2025-RS-2024-00438288)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)+1 种基金National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the MSIT(Aerospace Semiconductor Strategy Research Project No.GTL25051-000)supported by the IC Design Education Center(IDEC),Korea。
文摘This work presents a systematic analysis of proton-induced total ionizing dose(TID)effects in 1.2 k V silicon carbide(SiC)power devices with various edge termination structures.Three edge terminations including ring-assisted junction termination extension(RA-JTE),multiple floating zone JTE(MFZ-JTE),and field limiting rings(FLR)were fabricated and irradiated with45 Me V protons at fluences ranging from 1×10^(12) to 1×10^(14) cm^(-2).Experimental results,supported by TCAD simulations,show that the RA-JTE structure maintained stable breakdown performance with less than 1%variation due to its effective electric field redistribution by multiple P+rings.In contrast,MFZ-JTE and FLR exhibit breakdown voltage shifts of 6.1%and 15.2%,respectively,under the highest fluence.These results demonstrate the superior radiation tolerance of the RA-JTE structure under TID conditions and provide practical design guidance for radiation-hardened Si C power devices in space and other highradiation environments.
基金supported by Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2023JCYB574)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62204203)。
文摘A monolithic integrated full-wave bridge rectifier consisted of horizontal Schottky-barrier diodes(SBD)is prepared based on 100 nm ultra-thin β-Ga_(2)O_(3)and demonstrated the solar-blind UV(SUV)light-modulated characteristics.Under SUV light illumination,the rectifier has the excellent full-wave rectification characteristics for the AC input signals of 5,12,and 24 V with different frequencies.Further,experimental results confirmed the feasibility of continuously tuning the rectified output through SUV light-encoding.This work provides valuable insights for the development of optically programmable Ga_(2)O_(3)ACDC converters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62471493supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant ZR2023LZH017,ZR2024MF066。
文摘With the rapid development of intelligent cyber-physical systems(ICPS),diverse services with varying Quality of Service(QoS)requirements have brought great challenges to traditional network resource allocation.Furthermore,given the open environment and a multitude of devices,enhancing the security of ICPS is an urgent concern.To address these issues,this paper proposes a novel trusted virtual network embedding(T-VNE)approach for ICPS based combining blockchain and edge computing technologies.Additionally,the proposed algorithm leverages a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)model to optimize decision-making processes.It employs the policygradient-based agent to compute candidate embedding nodes and utilizes a breadth-first search(BFS)algorithm to determine the optimal embedding paths.Finally,through simulation experiments,the efficacy of the proposed method was validated,demonstrating outstanding performance in terms of security,revenue generation,and virtual network request(VNR)acceptance rate.
